1
|
Esteban MÁ. A review of soluble factors and receptors involved in fish skin immunity: The tip of the iceberg. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109311. [PMID: 38128682 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The immune system of fish possesses soluble factors, receptors, pathways and cells very similar to those of the other vertebrates' immune system. Throughout evolutionary history, the exocrine secretions of organisms have accumulated a large reservoir of soluble factors that serve to protect organisms from microbial pathogens that could disrupt mucosal barrier homeostasis. In parallel, a diverse set of recognition molecules have been discovered that alert the organism to the presence of pathogens. The known functions of both the soluble factors and receptors mentioned above encompass critical aspects of host defense, such as pathogen binding and neutralization, opsonization, or modulation of inflammation if present. The molecules and receptors cooperate and are able to initiate the most appropriate immune response in an attempt to eliminate pathogens before host infection can begin. Furthermore, these recognition molecules, working in coordination with soluble defence factors, collaboratively erect a robust and perfectly coordinated defence system with complementary specificity, activity and tissue distribution. This intricate network constitutes an immensely effective defence mechanism for fish. In this context, the present review focuses on some of the main soluble factors and recognition molecules studied in the last decade in the skin mucosa of teleost fish. However, knowledge of these molecules is still very limited in all teleosts. Therefore, further studies are suggested throughout the review that would help to better understand the functions in which the proteins studied are involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mahapatra S, Ganguly B, Pani S, Saha A, Samanta M. A comprehensive review on the dynamic role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in frontier aquaculture research and as a promising avenue for fish disease management. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126541. [PMID: 37648127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a conserved group of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and play a crucial role in inducing the broadly acting innate immune response against pathogens. In recent years, the detection of 21 different TLR types in various fish species has sparked interest in exploring the potential of TLRs as targets for boosting immunity and disease resistance in fish. This comprehensive review offers the latest insights into the diverse facets of fish TLRs, highlighting their history, classification, architectural insights through 3D modelling, ligands recognition, signalling pathways, crosstalk, and expression patterns at various developmental stages. It provides an exhaustive account of the distinct TLRs induced during the invasion of specific pathogens in various fish species and delves into the disparities between fish TLRs and their mammalian counterparts, highlighting the specific contribution of TLRs to the immune response in fish. Although various facets of TLRs in some fish, shellfish, and molluscs have been described, the role of TLRs in several other aquatic organisms still remained as potential gaps. Overall, this article outlines frontier aquaculture research in advancing the knowledge of fish immune systems for the proper management of piscine maladies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smruti Mahapatra
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Bristy Ganguly
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Saswati Pani
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Ashis Saha
- Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Fish Nutrition and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Mrinal Samanta
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang S, Sui W, Ren X, Wang X, Bu G, Meng F, Cao X, Yu G, Han X, Huang A, Liang Q, Wu J, Gao Y, Wang X, Zeng X, Du X, Li Y. UNC93B1 facilitates TLR18-mediated NF-κB signal activation in Schizothorax prenanti. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108584. [PMID: 36740083 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 18 (TLR18), a non-mammalian TLR, has been believed to play an important role in anti-bacterial immunity of teleost fishes. UNC93B1 is a classical molecular chaperone that mediates TLRs transport from endoplasmic reticulum to the located membrane. However, TLR18-mediated signal transduction mechanism and the regulatory effect of UNC93B1 to TLR18 are still unclear in teleost fishes. In this study, the coding sequences of TLR18 and UNC93B1 were cloned from Schizothorax prenanti, named spTLR18 and spUNC93B1, respectively. The spTLR18 and spUNC93B1 are 2583 bp and 1878 bp in length, encode 860 and 625 amino acids, respectively. The spTLR18 widely expressed in various tissues with the highest expression level in liver. After stimulation of Aeromonas hydrophila, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Poly(I:C), the expression levels of spTLR18 were significantly increased in spleen and head kidney. The spTLR18 located in the cell membrane, while spUNC93B1 located in the cytoplasm. Luciferase and overexpression analysis showed that spTLR18 activated NF-κB and type I IFN signal pathways, and spTLR18-mediated NF-κB activation might depend on the adaptor molecule MyD88. Besides, spUNC93B1 positively regulates spTLR18-mediated NF-κB signal. Our study first uncovers TLR18-UNC93B1-mediated signal transduction mechanism, which contributes to the understanding of TLR signaling pathway in teleost fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Weikai Sui
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Guixian Bu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Guozhi Yu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xingfa Han
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Anqi Huang
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Liang
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiayun Wu
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- Chengdu Zoo, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiuhong Wang
- Limuyuan Agricultural Technology Co., LTD, 610046, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yunkun Li
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Immunity in Sea Turtles: Review of a Host-Pathogen Arms Race Millions of Years in the Running. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040556. [PMID: 36830343 PMCID: PMC9951749 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system of sea turtles is not completely understood. Sea turtles (as reptiles) bridge a unique evolutionary gap, being ectothermic vertebrates like fish and amphibians and amniotes like birds and mammals. Turtles are ectotherms; thus, their immune system is influenced by environmental conditions like temperature and season. We aim to review the turtle immune system and note what studies have investigated sea turtles and the effect of the environment on the immune response. Turtles rely heavily on the nonspecific innate response rather than the specific adaptive response. Turtles' innate immune effectors include antimicrobial peptides, complement, and nonspecific leukocytes. The antiviral defense is understudied in terms of the diversity of pathogen receptors and interferon function. Turtles also mount adaptive responses to pathogens. Lymphoid structures responsible for lymphocyte activation and maturation are either missing in reptiles or function is affected by season. Turtles are a marker of health for their marine environment, and their immune system is commonly dysregulated because of disease or contaminants. Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumorous disease that afflicts sea turtles and is thought to be caused by a virus and an environmental factor. We aim, by exploring the current understanding of the immune system in turtles, to aid the investigation of environmental factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease and provide options for immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou Z, Ding S, Wang Y, Ren J, Zhang X, Li W, Zhang Q. Identification and characterization of Toll-like receptor 14d in Northeast Chinese lamprey ( Lethenteron morii). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1153628. [PMID: 37143659 PMCID: PMC10151648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1153628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in innate immunity of defense against bacterial or viral pathogens. To study the biological characteristics and functions of the TLR genes, TLR14d was identified from Northeast Chinese lamprey (Lethenteron morii) and named LmTLR14d. LmTLR14d coding sequence (cds) is 3285 bp in length and encodes 1094 amino acids (aa). The results showed that LmTLR14d has the typical structure of TLR molecule, which contains the extracellular domain of leucine-rich repeats (LRR), transmembrane domain, and intracellular domain of Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR). The phylogenetic tree showed that LmTLR14d is a homologous gene of TLR14/18 in bony fish. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) revealed that LmTLR14d was expressed in various healthy tissues, including immune and non-immune tissues. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection up-regulated LmTLR14d in the supraneural body (SB), gill, and kidney tissues of infected Northeast Chinese lamprey. Immunofluorescence results showed that LmTLR14d was located in the cytoplasm of HEK 293T cells in clusters, and its subcellular localization was determined by the TIR domain. The immunoprecipitation results showed that LmTLR14d could recruit L.morii MyD88 (LmMyD88) but not L.morii TRIF (LmTRIF). Dual luciferase reporter results showed that LmTLR14d significantly enhanced the activity of L.morii NF-κβ (LmNF-κβ) promoter. Furthermore, co-transfection of LmTLR14d with MyD88 significantly enhanced the L.morii NF-κβ (LmNF-κβ) promoter activity. LmTLR14d can induce the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes il-6 and tnf-α downstream of NF-κB signal. This study suggested that LmTLR14d might play an important role in the innate immune signal transduction process of lamprey and revealed the origin and function of teleost-specific TLR14.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Janfeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qinghua Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cloning of Toll-like Receptor 3 Gene from Schizothorax prenanti ( SpTLR3), and Expressions of Seven SpTLRs and SpMyD88 after Lipopolysaccharide Induction. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101862. [PMID: 36292749 PMCID: PMC9601681 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (SpTLR3) from Schizothorax prenanti (S. prenanti) was cloned and identified, and the tissue distribution of the SpTLR3 gene was examined in this study. Moreover, the relative mRNA expression levels of myeloid differentiation factor 88 gene (SpMyD88) and seven TLR genes (SpTLR2, SpTLR3, SpTLR4, SpTLR18, SpTLR22-1, SpTLR22-2 and SpTLR22-3) from S. prenanti after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge were analyzed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The full length of SpTLR3 gene is 3097 bp, and complete coding sequence (CDS) is 2715 bp, which encodes 904 amino acids. The SpTLR3 amino acid sequence shared 43.94−100% identity with TLR3 sequences from other vertebrates; SpTLR3 was expressed in all eight tissues examined; and the highest level appeared in the liver, which was significantly higher than in all other tissues (p < 0.05), followed by the levels in the heart and muscles. LPS significantly up-regulated all eight genes in the S. prenanti tissues at 12 or 24 h (p < 0.05). Compared with the PBS control group, no significant transcripts changes were found in SpTLR2 or SpTLR3 at 12 h after LPS induction, but they were significantly up-regulated at 24 h (p < 0.001). The most abundant transcripts were found in the head kidney SpTLR22 genes after 24 h LPS induction, with high to low levels, which were SpTLR22-1 (564-fold), SpTLR22-3 (508-fold) and SpTLR22-2 (351-fold). Among these eight genes, the expression level of SpTLR4 was the least up-regulated. Overall, SpTLR4 in the head kidney was involved in the antibacterial immune response earlier, and the level was increased at 12 h with extreme significance after LPS stimulation (p < 0.001), while the other seven genes were the most significantly up-regulated at 24 h post injection. Taken together, the results suggest that SpMyD88, SpTLR2, SpTLR3, SpTLR4, SpTLR18, SpTLR22-1, SpTLR22-2 and SpTLR22-3 participate in an innate immune response stimulated by LPS, and the response intensity of the genes was organ-specific, with differing kinetics. Our findings will contribute to a more complete understanding of the roles of these TLR genes in antibacterial immunity.
Collapse
|
7
|
Qu F, Zeng X, Liu Z, Guo M, Zhang X, Cao S, Zhou Y, He Z, Tang J, Mao Z, Yang Y, Zhou Z, Liu Z. Functional characterization of MEKK3 in the intestinal immune response to bacterial challenges in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Front Immunol 2022; 13:981995. [PMID: 35990669 PMCID: PMC9388831 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.981995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3) is an evolutionarily conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase of the MEKK family that is essential for the host immune response to pathogen challenges in mammals. However, the immune function of MEKK3s in lower vertebrate species, especially in bony fish, remains largely unknown. In this study, a fish MEKK3 (designated CiMEKK3) gene was cloned and identified from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The present CiMEKK3 cDNA encoded a 620 amino acid polypeptide containing a conserved S-TKc domain and a typical PB1 domain. Several potential immune-related transcription factor-binding sites, including activating protein 1 (AP-1), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of downstream transcription 3 (STAT3), were observed in the 5’ upstream DNA sequence of CiMEKK3. A phylogenetic tree showed that CiMEKK3 exhibits a close evolutionary relationship with MEKK3s from Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that CiMEKK3 transcripts were widely distributed in all selected tissues of healthy grass carp, with a relatively high levels observed in the gill, head kidney and intestine. Upon in vitro challenge with bacterial pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-mDAP (Tri-DAP) and muramyl dipeptide (MDP)), the expression levels of CiMEKK3 in the intestinal cells of grass carp were shown to be significantly upregulated in a time-dependent manner. In vivo injection experiments revealed that CiMEKK3 transcripts were significantly induced by MDP challenge in the intestine; however, these effects could be inhibited by the nutritional dipeptides carnosine and Ala-Gln. Moreover, subcellular localization analysis and luciferase reporter assays indicated that CiMEKK3 could act as a cytoplasmic signal-transducing activator involved in the regulation of NF-κB and MAPK/AP-1 signaling cascades in HEK293T cells. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that CiMEKK3 plays vital roles in the intestinal immune response to bacterial challenges, which will aid in understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease in bony fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fufa Qu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Meixing Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Shenping Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Yonghua Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhimin He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhou Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuangwen Mao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Trung NB, Nan FH, Lee MC, Loh JY, Gong HY, Lu MW, Hang HT, Lin YL, Lee PT. Fish-specific TLR18 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) recruits MyD88 and TRIF to induce expression of effectors in NF-κB and IFN pathways in melanomacrophages. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:587-601. [PMID: 34743023 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved proteins of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and play a crucial role in innate immune systems recognition of conserved pathogen-related molecular samples (PAMPs). We identified and characterized TLR18 from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), OnTLR18, to elucidate its role in tissue expression patterns, modulation of gene expression after microbial challenge and TLR ligands, subcellular localization in fish and human cells, and the possible effectors TLR18 induces in a melanomacrophage-like cell line (tilapia head kidney (THK) cells). OnTLR18 expression was detected in all tissues examined, with the highest levels in the intestine and the lowest in the liver. OnTLR18 transcript was up-regulated in immune-related organs after bacterial and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) challenges and in the THK cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. In transfected THK and human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, OnTLR18 localizes in the intracellular compartment. OnMyD88 and OnTRIF, but not OnTIRAP, were co-immunoprecipitated with OnTLR18, suggesting that the former two molecules are recruited by OnTLR18 as adaptors. The constitutively active form of OnTLR18 induced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, type I interferon (IFN), and antimicrobial peptides such as tumor necrosis factor α, interferon (IFN) d2.13, tilapia piscidin (TP)2, TP3, TP4, and hepcidin in THK cells. Our results suggest that OnTLR18 plays an important role in innate immunity through initiating nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and IFN signaling pathways via OnMyD88 and OnTRIF and induces the production of various effectors in melanomacrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Bao Trung
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC; College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Viet Nam
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC; Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, 11, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chou Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC; Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, 11, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yan Loh
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hong-Yi Gong
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Wei Lu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ho Thi Hang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Lin Lin
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu R, Liu X, Song M, Qi Y, Li H, Yang G, Shan S. Cyprinus carpio TRIF Participates in the Innate Immune Response by Inducing NF-κB and IFN Activation and Promoting Apoptosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:725150. [PMID: 34504499 PMCID: PMC8421551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.725150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TRIF, an important adaptor downstream of Toll-like receptor signaling, plays a critical role in the innate immune response. In this study, the full-length coding sequence of TRIF from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was cloned and characterized. Bioinformatics analysis showed that common carp TRIF exhibited a conserved TIR domain and had the closest relationship with grass carp TRIF. Expression analysis revealed that TRIF was constitutively expressed in the examined tissues of common carp, with the highest expression in the spleen and the lowest expression in the head kidney, and could be upregulated under Aeromonas hydrophila and poly(I:C) stimulation in vivo and under poly(I:C), LPS, PGN, flagellin, and Pam3CSK4 stimulation in vitro. Laser confocal microscopy showed that common carp TRIF colocalized with the Golgi apparatus. A luciferase reporter assay showed that carp TRIF elicited the activity of ifn-1 and nf-κb through the C-terminal domain. Additionally, crystal violet staining and qPCR assays revealed that carp TRIF inhibited the replication of SVCV in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. Then, the signaling downstream of carp TRIF was investigated. Coimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting analysis demonstrated that carp TRIF interacted with TBK1 and augmented the expression of TRAF6 and phosphorylation of TBK1. Overexpression of carp TRIF significantly enhanced the expression of interferon-stimulated genes and inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, flow cytometric (FCM) analysis suggested that carp TRIF induced apoptosis through the activation of caspase-8. In summary, our study indicated that TRIF plays an essential role in the innate immune responses of common carp against bacterial and viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Meijiao Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shijuan Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liao Z, Su J. Progresses on three pattern recognition receptor families (TLRs, RLRs and NLRs) in teleost. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 122:104131. [PMID: 34022258 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of immune sensors that play crucial roles in detecting and responding to the conserved patterns of microorganisms. To date, many PRRs, such as TLRs, RLRs and NLRs, as well as their downstream molecules have been identified and characterized in teleost, while their ligands and immunoregulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present review, we described and discussed the main members of TLR/RLR/NLR families, including their expression profiles, signaling transductions and functions in teleost. And some splicing isoforms from TLR/RLR/NLR families were also addressed, which play synergistic and/or antagonistic roles in response to pathogen infections in teleost. TLRs sense different pathogens by forming homodimer and/or heterodimer. Beyond, functions of TLRs can also be affected by migrating. And some endolysosomal TLRs undergo proteolytic cleavage and in a pH-dependent mechanism to attain a mature functional form that mediate ligand recognition and downstream signaling. Until now, more than 80 members in TLR/RLR/NLR families have been identified in teleost, while only TLR5, TLR9, TLR19, TLR21, TLR22, MDA5, LGP2, NOD1 and NOD2 have direct evidence of ligand recognition in teleost. Meanwhile, new ligands as well as signaling pathways do occur during evolution of teleost. This review summarizes progresses on the TLRs/RLRs/NLRs in teleost. We attempt to insight into the ligands recognition and signaling transmission of TLRs/RLRs/NLRs in teleost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jia Z, Wu N, Jiang X, Li H, Sun J, Shi M, Li C, Ge Y, Hu X, Ye W, Tang Y, Shan J, Cheng Y, Xia XQ, Shi L. Integrative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Immune Mechanism for a CyHV-3-Resistant Common Carp Strain. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687151. [PMID: 34290708 PMCID: PMC8287582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-disease breeding is becoming the most promising solution to cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) infection, the major threat to common carp aquaculture. Virus challenging studies suggested that a breeding strain of common carp developed resistance to CyHV-3 infection. This study illustrates the immune mechanisms involved in both sensitivity and anti-virus ability for CyHV3 infection in fish. An integrative analysis of the protein-coding genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) using transcriptomic data was performed. Tissues from the head kidney of common carp were extracted at days 0 (the healthy control) and 7 after CyHV-3 infection (the survivors) and used to analyze the transcriptome through both Illumina and PacBio sequencing. Following analysis of the GO terms and KEGG pathways involved, the immune-related terms and pathways were merged. To dig out details on the immune aspect, the DEGs were filtered using the current common carp immune gene library. Immune gene categories and their corresponding genes in different comparison groups were revealed. Also, the immunological Gene Ontology terms for lncRNA modulation were retained. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to reveal the regulation of immune genes by lncRNA. The results demonstrated that the breeding carp strain develops a marked resistance to CyHV-3 infection through a specific innate immune mechanism. The featured biological processes were autophagy, phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, and virus blockage by lectins and MUC3. Moreover, the immune-suppressive signals, such as suppression of IL21R on STAT3, PI3K mediated inhibition of inflammation by dopamine upon infection, as well as the inhibition of NLRC3 on STING during a steady state. Possible susceptible factors for CyHV-3, such as ITGB1, TLR18, and CCL4, were also revealed from the non-breeding strain. The results of this study also suggested that Nramp and PAI regulated by LncRNA could facilitate virus infection and proliferation for infected cells respectively, while T cell leukemia homeobox 3 (TLX3), as well as galectin 3 function by lncRNA, may play a role in the resistance mechanism. Therefore, immune factors that are immunogenetically insensitive or susceptible to CyHV-3 infection have been revealed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Jia
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Jiang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Harbin, China
| | - Heng Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Sun
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Harbin, China
| | - Mijuan Shi
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chitao Li
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Harbin, China
| | - Yanlong Ge
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Harbin, China
| | - Xuesong Hu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Harbin, China
| | - Weidong Ye
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Junwei Shan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yingyin Cheng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Xia
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianyu Shi
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qi Z, Xu Y, Wang X, Jiang J, Meng F, Zhang Q, Huang B. Structural analysis of toll-like receptor 18 from soiny mullet (Liza haematocheila): Giving insights on the ligand binding mechanism of fish specific TLRs. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:490-496. [PMID: 33098989 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of innate immune system, playing crucial roles in immune defense against pathogens. TLR18, a member of TLR1 family, is fish-specific TLR and involves in the immune response against bacterial infection. Currently, the structural biology of fish TLR18 is poorly elaborated. In this study, the structure and ligand binding of TLR18 (smTLR18) of soiny mullet (Liza haematocheila), an economically valuable aquaculture mugilid species, were analyzed. The extracellular domain (ECD) of smTLR18 formed an open-loop horseshoe-shaped structure with the concave surfaces made up of 19 parallel β-strands (LRR1-LRR19), lacking Z-loop that seen in human TLR9. The intracellular Toll/interleukin (IL)-1 (TIR) domain contained a central 4-parallel β-sheet (βA-βD) surrounded by 5 α-helices (αA-αE). Molecular docking analysis revealed that both ECD domain and TIR domain of smTLR18 could form homodimers. For the ECD homodimer, the main residues involved in dimer formation were located from LRR10 to LRR14. For the TIR homodimer, the residues involved in dimer formation were located in BB loop, αB helix, αC helix and DD loop. Ligand binding analyses revealed that peptidoglycans (PGNs) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), two main bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), were the potential ligands of smTLR18. The van der Waals and Coulombic interactions contributed to the interactions between smTLR18 and PGNs, while only van der Waals dominated the interactions between smTLR18 and LPS. The residues involved in ligands binding were located from LRR9 to LRR13. Our results provided the structural bases for elucidate the ligand binding of fish TLR18.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China
| | - Junyao Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Fancui Meng
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Qihuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China
| | - Bei Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang K, Liu X, Li X, Liu Y, Yu H, Liu J, Zhang Q. Antibacterial functions of a novel fish-egg lectin from spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus) during host defense immune responses. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 111:103758. [PMID: 32502504 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fish-egg lectins (FELs) have been identified in several teleost species and have been proved to play important roles in innate immune system against pathogen infection. In this study a novel fish-egg lectin (OppFEL) was identified from spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus), and the expression patterns against bacterial infection was characterized. The amino acid sequence is highly homologous to other teleost FELs, containing five repeats of the conserved TECPR domain. Expression of OppFEL was widely observed in examined tissues, with the most abundant transcripts observed in gill, showing a pattern of tissue specific expression. The OppFEL expression was significantly up-regulated following a Gram-negative bacterium (Vibrio anguillarum) challenge in vivo, suggesting participation in host antibacterial immune responses. Recombinant OppFEL protein (rOppFEL) possessed calcium dependent binding capacities and agglutination to four Gram-negative bacterium and two Gram-positive bacterium. Sugar binding assay revealed that rOppFEL specifically bound to insoluble lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan. In addition, rOppFEL was also proved to have hemagglutinating activity against erythrocytes from Mus musculus, O. punctatus, Sebastes schlegelii and Paralichthys olivaceus. Dual-luciferase analysis showed that overexpression of OppFEL could suppress the activity of NF-κB in a dose dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that OppFEL is a unique fish-egg lectin that possesses apparent immunomodulating property and is involved in host defense against pathogens invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao -National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao -National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao -National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Meng XZ, Wang ST, Xu XY, Dang YF, Zhang M, Zhang JH, Wang RQ, Shen Y, Li JL. Identification, characterization, and immunological analysis of complement component 4 from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:527-536. [PMID: 32599058 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Complement component 4 (C4) has critical immunological functions in vertebrates. In the current study, a C4 homolog (gcC4) was identified in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The full-length 5458 bp gcC4 cDNA contained a 5148 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 1715 amino acids with a signal peptide and eight conservative domains. The gcC4 protein has a high level of identity with other fish C4 counterparts and is phylogenetically clustered with cyprinid fish C4. The gcC4 transcript shows wide tissue distribution and is inducible by Aeromonas hydrophila in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, its expression also fluctuates upon lipopolysaccharide or flagellin stimulation in vitro. During infection, the gcC4 protein level decreases or increases to varying degrees, and the intrahepatic C4 expression location changes. With gcC4 overexpression, interleukin 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon transcripts are all upregulated by A. hydrophila infection. Meanwhile, overexpression of gcC4 reduces bacterial invasion or proliferation. Moreover, gcC4 may activate the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings demonstrate the vital role of gcC4 in the innate immunity of grass carp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zhan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shen-Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yun-Fei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jia-Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Rong-Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Conventional Freshwater Fish Breeding and Health Culture Technology Germplasm Resources, Suzhou Shenhang Eco-technology Development Limited Company, Suzhou, 215225, China
| | - YuBang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Jia-Le Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Toll-Like Receptor 5 of Golden Pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758): Characterization, Promoter Activity and Functional Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165916. [PMID: 32824641 PMCID: PMC7460618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as important pattern recognition receptors, represent a significant component of fish immune systems and play an important role in resisting the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. The TLR5 subfamily contains two types of TLR5, the membrane form of TLR5 (TLR5M) and the soluble form of TLR5 (TLR5S), whose detailed functions have not been completely elucidated. In the present study, we first identified two genes, TLR5M (ToTLR5M) and TLR5S (ToTLR5S), from golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). The full-length ToTLR5M and ToTLR5S cDNA are 3644 bp and 2329 bp, respectively, comprising an open reading frame (ORF) of 2673 bp, encoding 890 amino acids, and an ORF of 1935 bp, encoding 644 amino acids. Both the ToTLR5s possess representative TLR domains; however, only ToTLR5M has transmembrane and intracellular TIR domains. Moreover, the transcription of two ToTLR5s was significantly upregulated after stimulation by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and flagellin in both immune-related tissues (liver, intestine, blood, kidney, and skin) and nonimmune-related tissue (muscle). Furthermore, the results of bioinformatic and promoter analysis show that the transcription factors GATA-1 (GATA Binding Protein 1), C/EBPalpha (CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha), and ICSBP (Interferon (IFN) consensus sequence binding protein) may play a positive role in moderating the expression of two ToTLR5s. Overexpression of ToTLR5M and ToTLR5S notably increases NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-B) activity. Additionally, the binding assay revealed that two rToTLR5s can bind specifically to bacteria and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) containing Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio vulnificus, Escherichia coli, Photobacterium damselae, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, LPS, poly(I:C), flagellin, and peptidoglycan (PGN). In conclusion, the present study may help to elucidate the function of ToTLR5M/S and clarify their possible roles in the fish immune response to bacterial infection.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao CS, Fang DA, Xu DP. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) respond to tributyltin chloride (TBT-Cl) exposure in the river pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus): Evidences for its toxic injury function. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:526-534. [PMID: 32097718 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin chloride (TBT-Cl) residual in water body had become a noticeable ecological problem for aquatic ecosystems. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an ancient family of pattern recognition receptors that play key roles in detecting nonself antigens and immune system activation. In this study, we explored the effect of TBT-Cl exposure on four TLRs expression in river pufferfish, Takifugu obscurus. The four T. obscurus Toll-like receptors (To-TLRs) contained different types of domains such as leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), leucine-rich repeats, typical subfamily (LRR_TYP) and other special domains. The To-TLRs mRNA transcripts expressed in all tissues, also To-TLR2 was investigated with higher level in kidney, as well as To-TLR3 in kidney, while To-TLR18 in liver and To-TLR22 in intestine. After the acute and chronic exposure of TBT-Cl, To-TLR2 and To-TLR3 mRNA transcripts were significantly down-regulated in gill. However, To-TLR18 and To-TLR22 were significantly up-regulated in gill and liver. Moreover, the histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) results showed the different injury degrees of TBT-Cl in liver and gill and implied the cytoplasm reorganization after TBT-Cl stress and the function of immunoregulation for To-TLRs to TBT-Cl exposure. All the results indicated that To-TLRs might involve in sensing and mediating innate immune responses caused by TBT-Cl for keeping detoxification homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Zhao
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reache of the Changjiang River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaris, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, CAFS, WuXi, 214081, China
| | - Di-An Fang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reache of the Changjiang River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaris, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, CAFS, WuXi, 214081, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Dong-Po Xu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reache of the Changjiang River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaris, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, CAFS, WuXi, 214081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Qin L, Xiang J, Xiong F, Wang G, Zou H, Li W, Li M, Wu S. Effects of Bacillus licheniformis on the growth, antioxidant capacity, intestinal barrier and disease resistance of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:344-350. [PMID: 31846776 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To study the effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus licheniformis FA6 on the growth, survival and intestinal health of grass carp, we assessed the antioxidant capacity, intestinal barrier, expression levels of immune genes, and the resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila AH-1 infection. Experimental setup comprised three groups (90 specimens each; average initial weight = 16.5 g): the control group was fed the basal diet without B. licheniformis, the low-dose (LD) group was supplemented with B. licheniformis at the concentration of 1 × 105 cfu/g, and the high-dose (HD) group with 1 × 106 cfu/g. After 56 days of growth trial, the challenge test with A. hydrophila AH-1 was conducted for 14 days. The results revealed that the grass carp in LD group and HD group had significantly (p < 0.05) improved percent weight gain (PWG) and specific growth rate (SGR) parameters. Additionally, the antioxidant status was improved, which included increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the serum, and upregulated mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes MnSOD and catalase (CAT) in the intestine. Meanwhile, B. licheniformis FA6 supplementation groups exhibited a decreased mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1β and TNF-α) and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Histological (villi length was increased) and gene expression (qPCR: upregulated ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-c) analyses suggested improved functioning of the intestinal barrier. Post-challenge mortality rates in LD and HD groups were significantly lower (56.6% and 70% respectively) than in the control group (100%). Overall, these results indicated that dietary supplementation of B. licheniformis FA6 can improve growth, antioxidant capacity, intestinal barrier functions and disease resistance of grass carp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinhua Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guitang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shangong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang X, Xu X, Shen Y, Fang Y, Zhang J, Bai Y, Gu S, Wang R, Chen T, Li J. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) is involved in the innate immunity of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) defense against pathogen infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:220-229. [PMID: 31494279 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is an important transduction protein in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. In this study, we identified the cDNA of the MpMyD88 gene in black carp. We found that MpMyD88 was widely distributed in the tissues tested and showed significant immune responses both in vitro and in vivo after stimulation with bacterial and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. After MpMyD88 overexpression/silencing, proinflame-matory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-α, IL-6, and IL-8) also showed significant up-regulation/down-regulation. Moreover, we found that the antibacterial ability of cells over-expressing MpMyD88 was significantly stronger than that of control cells, while that of silenced MpMyD88 was significantly lower than that in control cells. Besides, we found that the overexpression of MpMyD88 significantly increased the activity of NF-κB. These results indicate that MpMyD88 plays an important role in the innate immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueshu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuting Gu
- Key Laboratory of Conventional Freshwater Fish Breeding and Health Culture Technology Germplasm Resources, Suzhou Shenhang Eco-technology Development Limited Company, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Rongquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Conventional Freshwater Fish Breeding and Health Culture Technology Germplasm Resources, Suzhou Shenhang Eco-technology Development Limited Company, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Tiansheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang K, Liu Y, Liu X, Peng M, Liu J, Zhang Q. A functional polymorphism in the promoter of RhoB is associated with susceptibility to Vibrio anguillarum in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:269-277. [PMID: 31306762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As an isoform of Rho family GTPases, RhoB plays a pivotal role in cytoskeletal organization, cell proliferation, apoptosis and immune response. However, the regulatory mechanisms of RhoB expression in aquatic animals are still unknown. In the present study, we first construct Vibrio anguillarum infection model in S. maximus, including susceptible and resistant individuals. Then the temporal expression of RhoB was detected after V. anguillarum challenge using qRT-PCR and found that RhoB transcripts were significantly induced in the liver, gill and blood despite of differential expression levels and responsive time points. In addition, the mRNA levels of RhoB in resistant individuals were significantly higher than in susceptible ones. The length of 2083 bp sequences of RhoB promoter was cloned and characterized. Moreover, DNA methylation of the RhoB promoter was measured by bisulfite sequencing (BSP) and hypo-methylated was detected in the CpG islands. Three SNPs (-1590, -1575 and -1449) and two haplotypes in the promoter region of RhoB were identified to be associated with V. anguillarum resistance in turbot by association analysis in group 17-R and 17-S. Deletion analysis indicated that these SNPs could negatively mediate the activity of RhoB promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis and qRT-PCR of individuals with different genotypes demonstrated that -1575 T/A polymorphism affected promoter activity. Further study showed that this mutation altered the binding site of the transcription factor CREB. Co-transfection of SmCREB and RhoB promoter was performed in HEK293T cells which confirmed the -1575 allelic differences on transcriptional activity, with the susceptibility allele showing reduced activity. Taken together, our findings implicate that losing of binding of CREB to SmRhoB promoter due to -1575T/A polymorphisms enhances SmRhoB expression in resistant turbot, which provide insights into the effect of SmRhoB expression in response to V. anguillarum infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Meiting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Qu F, Tang J, Peng X, Zhang H, Shi L, Huang Z, Xu W, Chen H, Shen Y, Yan J, Li J, Lu S, Liu Z. Two novel MKKs (MKK4 and MKK7) from Ctenopharyngodon idella are involved in the intestinal immune response to bacterial muramyl dipeptide challenge. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:103-114. [PMID: 30633955 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MKKs) are a class of evolutionarily conserved signalling intermediates of the MAPK signalling pathway that can be activated by a diverse range of pathogenic stimuli and are crucial for the regulation of host immune defence. In this study, two fish MKK genes (CiMKK4 and CiMKK7) were first identified and characterized from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Similar to other reported MKKs, the present CiMKK4 and CiMKK7 contained a conserved serine/threonine protein kinase (S_TKc) domain and a canonical dual phosphorylation motif. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that CiMKK4 and CiMKK7 were broadly transcribed in all selected tissues and developmental stages of grass carp. The mRNA expression levels of CiMKK4 and CiMKK7 in the intestine were significantly induced by bacterial muramyl dipeptide (MDP) challenge in a time-dependent manner (P < 0.01). Additionally, the stimulatory effects of bacterial MDP on CiMKK4 and CiMKK7 expression in the intestine were inhibited by the bioactive dipeptide β-alanyl-l-histidine (carnosine) and alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) (P < 0.05). Moreover, overexpression analysis revealed that CiMKK4 and CiMKK7 were localized throughout the entire cell and could significantly enhance AP-1 reporter gene activation in HEK293T cells. Taken together, these results provide the first experimental demonstration that CiMKK4 and CiMKK7 are involved in the intestinal immune response to MDP challenge in C. idella, which may provide new insight into the bacterial-induced intestinal inflammation of bony fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fufa Qu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China; State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jianzhou Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Xiangyu Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Liping Shi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Huiqing Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Jinpeng Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410017, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Shuangqing Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China; State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bai Y, Shen Y, Xu XY, Bai Y, Fang Y, Zhang M, Miao Y, Zhang X, Li JL. Growth arrest and DNA damage inducible 45-beta activates pro-inflammatory cytokines and phagocytosis in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after Aeromonas hydrophila infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 87:176-181. [PMID: 29932964 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Growth arrest and DNA damage inducible 45-beta (Gadd45B) is essential for mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activities, and involved in regulating growth, apoptosis, and DNA demethylation. In the present study, the cDNA of gcGadd45Ba and gcGadd45Bb in grass carp was identified. And the expression levels show that they were widely distributed in the tested tissues and showed significant immune responses both in vitro and in vivo after challenge with bacteria and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Overexpression of Gadd45B significantly induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α) and enhanced the phagocytosis activation of grass carp blood cells. These results indicate that Gadd45B plays an important role in innate immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiheng Miao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueshu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-le Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nie L, Cai SY, Shao JZ, Chen J. Toll-Like Receptors, Associated Biological Roles, and Signaling Networks in Non-Mammals. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1523. [PMID: 30034391 PMCID: PMC6043800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens, which is initiated by the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Among all the PRRs identified, the toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most ancient class, with the most extensive spectrum of pathogen recognition. Since the first discovery of Toll in Drosophila melanogaster, numerous TLRs have been identified across a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species. It seems that TLRs, the signaling pathways that they initiate, or related adaptor proteins are essentially conserved in a wide variety of organisms, from Porifera to mammals. Molecular structure analysis indicates that most TLR homologs share similar domain patterns and that some vital participants of TLR signaling co-evolved with TLRs themselves. However, functional specification and emergence of new signaling pathways, as well as adaptors, did occur during evolution. In addition, ambiguities and gaps in knowledge still exist regarding the TLR network, especially in lower organisms. Hence, a systematic review from the comparative angle regarding this tremendous signaling system and the scenario of evolutionary pattern across Animalia is needed. In the current review, we present overview and possible evolutionary patterns of TLRs in non-mammals, hoping that this will provide clues for further investigations in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Nie
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shi-Yu Cai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dang Y, Shen Y, Xu X, Wang S, Meng X, Zhang M, Lv L, Wang R, Li J. Complement component Bf/C2b gene mediates immune responses against Aeromonas hydrophila in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:509-516. [PMID: 29355764 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a significant component of innate immunity. Here, we identified a Bf/C2 homolog (gcBf/C2b) in grass carp. gcBf/C2b shares a high similarity with Bf/C2b counterparts in other teleosts. gcBf/C2b transcription was widely distributed in different tissues, induced by Aeromonas hydrophila in vivo and in vitro, and affected by lipopolysaccharide and flagellin stimulation in vitro. In cells over-expressing gcBf/C2b, transcript levels of all components except gcC5 were significantly enhanced, and gcBf/C2b, gcIL1β, gcTNF-α, gcIFN, gcCD59, gcC5aR1, and gcITGβ-2 were significantly upregulated after A. hydrophila challenge or stimulation with bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). However, gcBf/C2b in interference cells down-regulated the transcript levels after A. hydrophila challenge, and gcBf/C2b induced NF-κB signaling. These findings indicate the vital role of gcBf/C2b in innate immunity in grass carp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shentong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xinzhan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Liqun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rongquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Conventional Freshwater Fish Breeding, Health Culture Technology Germplasm Resources, Suzhou Shenhang Eco-technology Development Limited Company, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shan S, Liu D, Liu R, Zhu Y, Li T, Zhang F, An L, Yang G, Li H. Non-mammalian Toll-like receptor 18 (Tlr18) recognizes bacterial pathogens in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): Indications for a role of participation in the NF-κB signaling pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:187-198. [PMID: 29111394 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors are important pattern recognition receptors that can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and play a critical role in innate immunity. In the present study, tlr18 was identified from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (named Cctlr18). The deduced amino acid sequence contained only a signal peptide, eight LRR (leucine-rich repeat) motifs, a transmembrane region and a TIR (Toll/IL-1 receptor) domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CcTlr18 was most closely related to Ctenopharyngodon idella Tlr18. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that Cctlr18 was constitutively expressed in all investigated tissues with the highest expression level in the skin and lowest expression in the gonad. After injection with inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila, Cctlr18 expression was significantly up-regulated in the head kidney, foregut, hindgut and skin. Moreover, significant up-regulation of Cctlr8 was observed in the spleen, head kidney, hindgut and skin after immersion with live A. hydrophila. In addition, the expression of Cctlr18 was up-regulated in PGN or flagellin-stimulated HKLs. Luciferase reporter assays showed that Cctlr18 activated NF-κB in 293 T cells and that NF-κB activity was enhanced in Cctlr18 and Ccmyd88 co-transfected cells. Furthermore, Cctlr18 could induce the expression of cytokines genes, including ifn, il-1β and il-10, in EPC cells. The results suggested that Cctlr18 plays an important role in the immune response and provides basic information for investigating the mechanisms of fish tlr18.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijuan Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Fumiao Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguo An
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liao Z, Wan Q, Su H, Wu C, Su J. Pattern recognition receptors in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella: I. Organization and expression analysis of TLRs and RLRs. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 76:93-104. [PMID: 28559111 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play indispensable roles in the immune responses against invading pathogens. In the present study, we systematically identified and characterized Toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) as well as their adaptors in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A comprehensive analysis of BLAST and other bioinformatics methods showed that C. idella TLR family consist of 21 members and their adaptors contain four members. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the existence of six TLR subfamilies (TLR1, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 11 subfamily) in C. idella and revealed their homologous relationships with other species. Most C. idella TLRs possess three typical structural features of TLR protein family: LRR, TM and TIR domains. Meanwhile, RLR family consist of three conserved members (RIG-I, MDA5 and LGP2) as well as two adaptors (IPS-1 and STING) in C. idella. mRNA expression analyses of TLRs, RLRs and their adaptors indicated that most members are sustainably expressed in multiple tissues before and after grass carp reovirus (GCRV) or Aeromonas hydrophila infection, while TLR9, TLR20a/b, TLR25, TIRAP, SARM1 and STING are transiently expressed in specific tissues. TLRs are transmembrane receptors with few introns, while RLRs are cytoplasmic receptors with plenty of introns. TLRs and RLRs interact with adaptors to perform their functions via various signaling pathways. In conclusion, this study systematically explores the characteristics of TLRs and RLRs in C. idella and provides evidence for the response patterns after viral and/or bacterial infection in vivo. These results contribute to studying the regulation mechanisms of TLR and RLR signaling pathways, and deeply understanding fish immune responses against pathogen infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Quanyuan Wan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hang Su
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changsong Wu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang KL, Ji W, Zhang GR, Wei KJ, Shi ZC, Zhang XT, Zheng H, Fan QX. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of three TLR genes in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco): Responses to stimulation of Aeromonas hydrophila and TLR ligands. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:466-479. [PMID: 28546018 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the most extensively researched pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and play an important role in the innate immune system. In this study, partial cDNA sequences of the Pf_TLR18 and Pf_TLR19 genes and complete cDNA sequence of the Pf_TLR21 gene were cloned from yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). The open reading frames (ORFs) of the Pf_TLR18, Pf_TLR19 and Pf_TLR21 genes were 1956 bp, 2262 bp and 2949 bp in length, encoding 651, 753 and 982 amino acids, respectively. The Pf_TLR18 and Pf_TLR19 consist of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a transmembrane domain and a Toll/interleukin-I receptor domain, and the Pf_TLR21 only has LRRs and TIR domain. Homologous identity revealed that the Pf_TLR18, Pf_TLR19 and Pf_TLR21 genes have high nucleotide and protein sequence similarity with channel catfish, especially the TIR domains that exhibited the greatest conservation compared to channel catfish. Ontogenetic expression analyses indicated that the mRNA expressions of the Pf_TLR18, Pf_TLR19 and Pf_TLR21 genes could be detected from fertilized eggs to 30 day post-hatching and they exhibited different variation trends after hatching. The three TLR genes were expressed in various tissues, but they were mostly highly expressed in the spleen. The mRNA expression levels of the three genes were up-regulated in the spleen, head kidney, trunk kidney, liver and blood after challenge of killed Aeromonas hydrophila. In addition, the expressions of the three TLR genes were induced to up-regulate in isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes of yellow catfish after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C). Our findings indicate that the three TLR genes may play a potential role in the host defense against pathogenic microbes. These results will provide valuable information to better understand the function of TLR genes in the innate immune system of yellow catfish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Wei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Gui-Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Kai-Jian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Ze-Chao Shi
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Huan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Qi-Xue Fan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dang YF, Shen YB, Xu XY, Wang ST, Meng XZ, Li LS, Zhang M, Hu MY, Lv LQ, Wang RQ, Li JL. Mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-1 (MASP-1) mediates immune responses against Aeromonas hydrophila in vitro and in vivo in grass carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:93-102. [PMID: 28479400 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-1 (MASP-1) gene is a crucial component of the lectin pathway in the complement and coagulation cascade. Although MASP-1 has been found in the immune system of teleosts, its immune functions in response to bacterial infection are unclear. In this study, we identified a MASP-1 homolog (gcMASP-1) in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The full-length 3308-bp gcMASP-1 cDNA includes a 2160-bp open reading frame encoding a protein composed of 719 amino acids with epidermal growth factor-like, complement control protein, and trypsin-like domains. gcMASP-1 shares a high similarity with MASP-1 counterparts in other species, and it is most closely related to Cyprinus carpio MASP-1 and Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis MASP-1. Transcription of gcMASP-1 was widely distributed in different tissues and induced by Aeromonas hydrophila in vivo and in vitro. Expression of gcMASP-1 was also affected by lipopolysaccharide and flagellin stimulation in vitro. In cells over-expressing gcMASP-1, transcript levels of almost all components, except gcMBL and gcC5, were significantly enhanced, and gcIL1β, gcTNF-α, gcIFN, gcCD59, gcC5aR1, and gcITGβ-2 were significantly upregulated after exposure to A. hydrophila; gcMASP-1 interference downregulated the transcript levels after A. hydrophila challenge. In addition, gcMASP-1 activated NF-κB signaling. These findings indicate the vital role of gcMASP-1 in innate immunity in C. idella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Yu-Bang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Shen-Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Xin-Zhan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Li-Sen Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Mo-Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Li-Qun Lv
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, 201306 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rong-Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Conventional Freshwater Fish Breeding and Health Culture Technology Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Suzhou Shenhang Eco-technology Development Limited Company, Suzhou 215221, China
| | - Jia-Le Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Huang WJ, Yang X, Shen Y, Xu XY, Li L, Wang R, Li J. Identification and functional analysis of the toll-like receptor 20.2 gene in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 65:91-97. [PMID: 27370974 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We characterized and identified the cDNA sequence of Toll-like receptor 20.2 in Ctenopharyngodon idella (gctlr20.2); it consisted of 3197 bp, with an open reading frame of 2835 bp that encoded a 944 amino acid polypeptide. Relatively, high expression levels of gctlr20.2 were observed in the spleen, head kidney, liver and brain tissues, with lower expression levels in the trunk kidney, intestine and heart tissues. In vivo and in vitro, after being challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila or grass carp reovirus (GCRV), gctlr20.2 expression was induced in C. idella kidney cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, flagellin or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. Overexpression of gctlr20.2 increased the expression of il1β, il8 and tnf-α, but not ifn, and also increased the activity of the nf-κB signal pathway. Silencing, via siRNA-tlr20.2, inhibited gctlr20.2 transcription by 65.7% and down-regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes, but not tnf-α. This study increases understanding of the immune system in C. idella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Conventional Freshwater Fish Breeding and Healthy Culture Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Suzhou Shenhang Eco-Technology Development Co., LTD, Suzhou, 215221, China
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Lisen Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Rongquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Conventional Freshwater Fish Breeding and Healthy Culture Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Suzhou Shenhang Eco-Technology Development Co., LTD, Suzhou, 215221, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li YW, Xu DD, Li X, Mo ZQ, Luo XC, Li AX, Dan XM. Identification and characterization of three TLR1 subfamily members from the orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 61:180-189. [PMID: 27037219 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which play important roles in host defense against pathogen infection, are the most intensively studied pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). In this study, we identified three novel TLR1 subfamily members, including TLR1 (EcTLR1b), TLR2 (EcTLR2b) and TLR14 (EcTLR14), from the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). EcTLR1b and EcTLR2b displayed low sequence identity with the previously reported grouper TLR1 (EcTLR1a) and TLR2 (EcTLR2a), respectively. The open reading frames (ORFs) of EcTLR1b, EcTLR2b and EcTLR14 contain 2484 bp, 2394 bp and 2640 bp, which encode the corresponding 827 amino acids (aa), 797 aa and 879 aa, respectively. All three TLRs have leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains (including an LRR-NT (except for EcTLR1b), several LRR motifs and an LRR-CT), a trans-membrane region and a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. The TIR domains of the three TLRs exhibited conserved boxes, namely box1, box2 and box3, and their 3D models were similar to those of human TLR1 or TLR2. Sequence alignment demonstrated that the TIR domains of the three TLRs shared higher sequence identity with those of other species than the full-length receptors. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that EcTLR1s and EcTLR2s are characterized by their differing evolutionary status, whereas EcTLR14 was found to be in the same group as other piscine TLR14/18s. The three TLRs were ubiquitously expressed in seven tested tissues of healthy groupers, although their expression profiles were different. Post Cryptocaryon irritans infection, TLR1s expression was up-regulated in the gills. The expression of TLR2b was mainly increased in the spleen, but decreased in the gills, which was similar to the expression pattern of TLR2a post C. irritans infection. Unlike EcTLR1b and EcTLR2b, however, the grouper TLR14 transcript was substantially induced in both tissues post challenge. These findings may be helpful in understanding the innate immune mechanism of host anti-parasite infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wei Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Dong-Dong Xu
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ze-Quan Mo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chun Luo
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - An-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Xue-Ming Dan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|