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Weiland-Bräuer N, Koutsouveli V, Langfeldt D, Schmitz RA. First insights into the Aurelia aurita transcriptome response upon manipulation of its microbiome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1183627. [PMID: 37637120 PMCID: PMC10448538 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1183627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The associated diverse microbiome contributes to the overall fitness of Aurelia aurita, particularly to asexual reproduction. However, how A. aurita maintains this specific microbiome or reacts to manipulations is unknown. Methods In this report, the response of A. aurita to manipulations of its native microbiome was studied by a transcriptomics approach. Microbiome-manipulated polyps were generated by antibiotic treatment and challenging polyps with a non-native, native, and potentially pathogenic bacterium. Total RNA extraction followed by RNAseq resulted in over 155 million reads used for a de novo assembly. Results The transcriptome analysis showed that the antibiotic-induced change and resulting reduction of the microbiome significantly affected the host transcriptome, e.g., genes involved in processes related to immune response and defense mechanisms were highly upregulated. Similarly, manipulating the microbiome by challenging the polyp with a high load of bacteria (2 × 107 cells/polyp) resulted in induced transcription of apoptosis-, defense-, and immune response genes. A second focus was on host-derived quorum sensing interference as a potential defense strategy. Quorum Quenching (QQ) activities and the respective encoding QQ-ORFs of A. aurita were identified by functional screening a cDNA-based expression library generated in Escherichia coli. Corresponding sequences were identified in the transcriptome assembly. Moreover, gene expression analysis revealed differential expression of QQ genes depending on the treatment, strongly suggesting QQ as an additional defense strategy. Discussion Overall, this study allows first insights into A. aurita's response to manipulating its microbiome, thus paving the way for an in-depth analysis of the basal immune system and additional fundamental defense strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasiliki Koutsouveli
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ruth A. Schmitz
- Institute of General Microbiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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2
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Estêvão J, Osorio H, Costas B, Cruz A, Fernández-Boo S. Search for new biomarkers of tolerance to Perkinsus olseni parasite infection in Ruditapes decussatus clams. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108566. [PMID: 36736640 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The grooved carpet shell (Ruditapes decussatus) is a clam species with high economic and social importance in several European and Mediterranean countries. Production of this species suffered a decline caused by biotic (parasite infection) and abiotic factors (environmental factors, stress, poor management methods and intensive culture of the introduced species Ruditapes philippinarum). The protozoan parasite Perkinsus olseni is also responsible for the decline of production, being nowadays one of the major issues for clam culture. Molecular biomarkers that might represent tolerance of R. decussatus to P. olseni have already been uncovered, shedding light in a possible production improvement by selecting those clams with a strongest immune response. In the present study, new tolerance biomarkers to P. olseni infection in R. decussatus were identified. The haemolymph proteomic profiles of naturally non/low-infected (tolerant) and highly-infected (susceptible) clams by the parasite across several heavy affected areas of Europe were characterized through a shotgun proteomics approach. Also, the mechanisms that might be involved in the responses against the disease in chronic infections were explored. Proteins related to energy restoration and balance, metabolic regulation, energy accumulation, ROS production, lysosomal activity, amino acid synthesis, proteolytic activity, iron regulation, iron withholding, and immune response modulation were significantly regulated in susceptible clams. In the tolerant group, proteins related to phagocytosis regulation, control of cell growth and proliferation, gonadal maturation, regulation of apoptosis, growth modulation, response to oxidative stress, iron regulation, shell development and metabolic regulation were significantly expressed. In summary, the protein expression profile of tolerant individuals suggests that an efficient pathogen elimination mechanism coupled to a better metabolic regulation leads to a tolerance to the parasite infection by limiting the spread through the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Estêvão
- Animal Health and Aquaculture (A2S), CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Osorio
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benjamin Costas
- Animal Health and Aquaculture (A2S), CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Cruz
- Oceano Fresco S.A, Porto de Abrigo, 2450-075, Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Sergio Fernández-Boo
- Animal Health and Aquaculture (A2S), CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Sequence, Expression, and Anti-GCRV Function of the Ferritin from the Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126835. [PMID: 35743279 PMCID: PMC9224801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritin possesses an immune function to defend against pathogen infection. To elucidate the immunity-protecting roles of ferritin from Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Ciferritin) against virus infection, the cDNA and promoter sequences of Ciferritin were determined, and the correlations between Ciferrtin expressions and promoter methylation levels were analyzed. In addition, the functional role of Ciferrtin on GCRV (grass carp reovirus) infection was assessed. The full-length cDNA of Ciferritin is 1053 bp, consists of a 531 bp open-reading frame, and encodes 176 amino acids. Ciferritin showed the highest sequence identity with the ferritin middle subunit of Mylopharyngodon piceus (93.56%), followed by the subunits of Megalobrama amblycephala and Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous. Ciferritin contains a conserved ferritin domain (interval: 10−94 aa), and the caspase recruitment domain (CARD) and Rubrerythrin domain were also predicted. In the spleen and kidney, significantly higher Ciferritin expressions were observed at 6, 12, 24, or 168 h post GCRV infection than those in the PBS injection group (p < 0.05). The Ciferrtin expression level in the progeny of maternal-immunized grass carp was significantly higher than that in the progeny of common grass carp (p < 0.05). Ciferritin promoter methylation level in the progeny from common grass carp was 1.27 ± 0.15, and in the progeny of the maternal-immunized group was 1.00 ± 0.14. In addition, methylation levels of “CpG9” and “CpG10” loci were significantly lower in the progeny of maternal-immunized fish than those in the common group. Except for the “CpG5”, methylation levels of all other detected “CpG” loci negatively correlated with Ciferritin expression levels. Furthermore, the total methylation level of “CpG1−10” negatively correlated with the Ciferritin expressions. The Ciferritin expression level was significantly up-regulated, and the VP7 protein levels were significantly reduced, at 24 h post GCRV infection in the Ciferritin over-expression cells (p < 0.05). The results from the present study provide sequence, epigenetic modification and expression, and anti-GCRV functional information of Ciferritin, which provide a basis for achieving resistance to GCRV in grass carp breeding.
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Liang X, Luo X, Lin H, Han F, Qin JG, Chen L, Xu C, Li E. Growth, Health, and Gut Microbiota of Female Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei Broodstock Fed Different Phospholipid Sources. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061143. [PMID: 35740040 PMCID: PMC9219652 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids have an important antioxidant effect on animals. The effects of different dietary phospholipid sources on the growth, antioxidant activity, immunity, and gut microbiota of female broodstock of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated. Four isoproteic and isolipid semi-purified diets containing 4% soybean lecithin (SL), egg yolk lecithin (EL), or krill oil (KO) and a control diet without phospholipid supplementation were fed to female broodstock of L. vannamei (34.7 ± 4.2 g) for 28 days. The growth performance, antioxidative capacity, and innate immunity of the female broodstock fed phospholipid supplemented diets were improved regardless of sources compared with the control shrimp. The effects on growth and antioxidant capacity in female shrimp fed the KO diet were highest. The innate immunity of female shrimp fed the EL and KO diets were significantly higher than shrimp fed the SL diet. Dietary phospholipid supplementation increased gut microbiota diversity and richness, and the Chao1 and ACE values in the KO group were significantly higher than in the control group. The richness of Proteobacteria, Photobacterium, and Vibrio decreased, whereas the richness of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increased in the shrimp fed the KO diet compared with the shrimp fed the SL and EL diets. The interactions of gut microbiota in shrimp fed the KO diet were the most complex, and the positive interaction was the largest among all the treatments. The functional genes of gut microbiota in shrimp fed the KO diet were significantly enriched in lipid metabolism and terpenoid/polyketide metabolism pathways. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Fusibacter had significantly positive correlations with antioxidant activity (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), immune enzyme activity (phenoloxidase and lysozyme), and immune gene expression (C-type lectin 3, Caspase-1). All findings suggest that dietary phospholipids supplementation can improve the growth and health status of female L. vananmei broodstock. Krill oil is more beneficial in improving the antioxidant capacity and innate immunity than other dietary phospholipid sources. Furthermore, krill oil can help establish the intestinal immune barrier by increasing the richness of Fusibacter and promote the growth of female shrimp. Fusibacter may be involved in iron metabolism to improve the antioxidant capacity of female shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (H.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Xiaolong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (H.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Hongxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (H.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Fenglu Han
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (H.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Jian G. Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Liqiao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
| | - Chang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (H.L.); (F.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.X.); (E.L.)
| | - Erchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (X.L.); (X.L.); (H.L.); (F.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.X.); (E.L.)
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Simão M, Leite RB, Cancela ML. Expression of four new ferritins from grooved carpet shell clam Ruditapes decussatus challenged with Perkinsus olseni and metals (Cd, Cu and Zn). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 229:105675. [PMID: 33197689 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Iron has a fundamental role in life and in its biochemical reactions but, when in excess, it can promote the formation of free radicals which can lead to cell death. Therefore, managing the levels of iron is essential to regulate the production of oxidative stress related to iron, and ferritins are one of the main protein families involved in this process. Ferritins are ≈480 kDa multimeric proteins composed by 24 subunits, each with 19-26 kDa, which can accumulate up to 4500 iron atoms. Besides their role in managing iron bioavailability, they have also developed a role in organism immunity and defence present throughout evolution. In this work, we identified and characterized, for the first time, four different ferritin subunits in the clam Ruditapes decussatus, a bivalve commercially and ecologically important along the south Atlantic coast and in the Mediterranean basin, which is a major target of the parasitic protozoa Perkinsus olseni, considered one of the main causes of high levels of clam mortality. Following phylogenetic annotation, the four ferritins subunits identified were subdivided into two cytosolic and two secreted forms. All four subunits maintain the canonical ferritin structure with four main helices α (A-D) and a small helix (E), but the secreted ferritins present an additional helix in their N-terminal region (F), located after the signal peptide and with possible antimicrobial properties. Additionally, we identified in ferritin 4 an extra helix α (G) located between helices B and C. These alpha helix domains revealed high degree of similarity with antimicrobial peptides associated with antibacterial and antifungal activities. Analysis of the expression of these subunits showed that ferritins 1 and 2 are ubiquitously expressed while ferritins 3 and 4 are present mainly in visceral mass. Ferritin 1 lacked a putative functional iron response element (IRE) and appeared to be under a tight regulation. Ferritins 2 and 3 showed a strong response to infection by parasite Perkinsus olseni in contrast to ferritin 4, whose main response was related to exposure to a combination of metals. The synergistic effect between metals and infection promoted a general upregulation of the four ferritins. In conclusion, our results suggest that ferritins, besides their function in iron and metals detoxification, may play a determinant role in clam immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Simão
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo B Leite
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC) and Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
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6
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Moreira AC, Mesquita G, Gomes MS. Ferritin: An Inflammatory Player Keeping Iron at the Core of Pathogen-Host Interactions. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040589. [PMID: 32325688 PMCID: PMC7232436 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for virtually all cell types due to its role in energy metabolism, nucleic acid synthesis and cell proliferation. Nevertheless, if free, iron induces cellular and organ damage through the formation of free radicals. Thus, iron levels must be firmly controlled. During infection, both host and microbe need to access iron and avoid its toxicity. Alterations in serum and cellular iron have been reported as important markers of pathology. In this regard, ferritin, first discovered as an iron storage protein, has emerged as a biomarker not only in iron-related disorders but also in inflammatory diseases, or diseases in which inflammation has a central role such as cancer, neurodegeneration or infection. The basic research on ferritin identification and functions, as well as its role in diseases with an inflammatory component and its potential as a target in host-directed therapies, are the main considerations of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Moreira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (G.M.); (M.S.G.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Gonçalo Mesquita
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (G.M.); (M.S.G.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Salomé Gomes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (G.M.); (M.S.G.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Tan K, Zhang H, Lim LS, Ma H, Li S, Zheng H. Roles of Carotenoids in Invertebrate Immunology. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3041. [PMID: 32010132 PMCID: PMC6979042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are biologically active pigments that are well-known to enhance the defense and immunity of the vertebrate system. However, in invertebrates, the role of carotenoids in immunity is not clear. Therefore, this study aims to review the scientific evidence for the role of carotenoids in invertebrate immunization. From the analysis of published literatures and recent studies from our laboratory, it is obvious that carotenoids are involved in invertebrate immunity in two ways. On the one hand, carotenoids can act as antioxidant enzymes to remove singlet oxygen, superoxide anion radicals, and hydroxyl radicals, thereby reducing SOD activity and reducing the cost of immunity. In some organisms, carotenoids have been shown to promote SOD activity by up-regulating the expression of the ZnCuSOD gene. Carotenoids, on the other hand, play a role in the expression and regulation of many genes involved in invertebrate immunity, including thioredoxins (TRX), peptidoglycan recognition receptor proteins (PGRPs), ferritins, prophenoloxidase (ProPO), vitellogenin (Vg), toll-like receptor (TLRs), heat shock proteins (HSPs), and CuZnSOD gene. The information in this review is very useful for updating our understanding of the progress of carotenoid research in invertebrate immunology and to help identify topics for future topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsoon Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Hongkuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Leong-Seng Lim
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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Alba A, Tetreau G, Chaparro C, Sánchez J, Vázquez AA, Gourbal B. Natural resistance to Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda) in Pseudosuccinea columella snails: A review from literature and insights from comparative "omic" analyses. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 101:103463. [PMID: 31381929 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The snail Pseudosuccinea columella is one of the main vectors of the medically-important trematode Fasciola hepatica. In Cuba, the existence of natural P. columella populations that are either susceptible or resistant to F. hepatica infection offers a unique snail-parasite for study of parasite-host compatibility and immune function in gastropods. Here, we review all previous literature on this system and present new "omic" data that provide a molecular baseline of both P. columella phenotypes from naïve snails. Comparison of whole snail transcriptomes (RNAseq) and the proteomes of the albumen gland (2D-electrophoresis, MS) revealed that resistant and susceptible strains differed mainly in an enrichment of particular biological processes/functions and a greater abundance of proteins/transcripts associated with immune defense/stress response in resistant snails. These results indicate a differential allocation of molecular resources to self-maintenance and survival in resistant P. columella that may cause enhanced responsiveness to stressors (i.e. F. hepatica infection or tolerance to variations in environmental pH/total water hardness), possibly as trade-off against reproduction and the ecological cost of resistance previously suggested in resistant populations of P. columella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Alba
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí", La Habana, Cuba; University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hosts Pathogens Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France.
| | - Guillaume Tetreau
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hosts Pathogens Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Cristian Chaparro
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hosts Pathogens Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Jorge Sánchez
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí", La Habana, Cuba
| | - Antonio A Vázquez
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí", La Habana, Cuba; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Gourbal
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hosts Pathogens Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France.
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Wan Q, Liao Z, Rao Y, Yang C, Ji J, Chen X, Su J. Transferrin Receptor 1-Associated Iron Accumulation and Oxidative Stress Provides a Way for Grass Carp to Fight against Reovirus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235857. [PMID: 31766619 PMCID: PMC6929055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element, closely linked with host immune responses. Nevertheless, the relationship between iron metabolism and virus infection is still unclear in aquatic vertebrates. To address this issue, we employed grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its lethal virus, grass carp reovirus (GCRV), a double-strand RNA virus, as models. Our results demonstrate that GCRV infection increases the iron content and alters the expression of iron metabolism-related genes both in vivo and in vitro. Of note, the expression of C. idella transferrin receptor 1 (CiTfR1) rather than transferrin is upregulated upon GCRV infection. To clarify the implications of CiTfR1 upregulation for antiviral immunity, we proved that CiTfR1 was not a helper for GCRV invasion, but instead, it inhibited GCRV infection and promoted cell proliferation by facilitating the accumulation of intracellular labile iron pool (LIP), which increases intracellular oxidative stress. Interestingly, we found that CiTfR1 overexpression inhibited the mRNA expression of C. idella interferon 1 (CiIFN1) and CiIFN3. The present study reveals a novel antiviral defense mechanism in teleost where TfR1 induces the accumulation of LIP, leading to the suppression of virus infection and the proliferation of host cells, indicating that iron can be used as a medicated feed additive for the control of animal viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyuan Wan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.R.); (J.J.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhiwei Liao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.R.); (J.J.)
| | - Youliang Rao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.R.); (J.J.)
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Jianfei Ji
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.R.); (J.J.)
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China;
| | - Jianguo Su
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.R.); (J.J.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence:
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10
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Zhang H, Cheng D, Tan K, Liu H, Ye T, Li S, Ma H, Zheng H. Identification of two ferritin genes and their expression profiles in response to bacterial challenge in noble scallop Chlamys nobilis with different carotenoids content. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:9-16. [PMID: 30825540 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a major intracellular iron storage protein, ferritin plays important roles in iron homeostasis and innate immunity. In this study, two novel ferritin subunits from noble scallop Chlamys nobilis (CnFer1 and CnFer2) were identified and analyzed. The open reading frame of CnFer1 and CnFer2 was 522 and 519bp long, encoding 173 and 172 amino acids, respectively. Both ferritins contained a putative iron-binding region signature (IBRS). Analysis of putative conserved domains showed the two CnFer genes contained three key domains of ferritin subunits, a ferroxidase diiron center (E25, Y32, E59, E60, H63, E105, and Q139), an iron ion channel (H116, D129, E132) and a ferrihydrite nucleation center (D58, E59, and E62) that present in M type subunits. A putative iron response element (IRE) was observed at both CnFer genes in the 5' UTR. Phylogenetic analysis result suggested that the two genes are cytoplasmic ferritins and have the closest evolution relationship with ferritins from Mizuhopecten yessoensis. The two ferritin genes were wildly expressed in examined tissues and the highest level was found in gill. After V. parahaemolyticus challenged, both CnFer genes were significantly up-regulated suggesting that they are important proteins involved in host immune defense. Moreover, under bacterial challenge, the expression levels of both two genes in Golden scallops (rich in carotenoids) were significantly higher than that in Brown scallops (less in carotenoids) which suggesting that carotenoids enhance the immunity in scallops to defense against the bacterial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Dewei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Karsoon Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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11
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Yang H, Liu Z, Jiang Q, Xu J, An Z, Zhang Y, Xiong D, Wang L. A novel ferritin gene from Procambarus clarkii involved in the immune defense against Aeromonas hydrophila infection and inhibits WSSV replication. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:882-891. [PMID: 30553892 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin is a protein related to the storage of iron and widely distributed in animals. It participates in many biological process, including antioxidation, cell activation, angiogenesis, regulation of iron metabolic balance and immune defense. In the present study, a novel ferritin gene was identified from red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, with a cDNA sequence encoding a predicted 221 amino-acid residues. The ferritin protein contains a 19-residue signal peptide and 145-residue classic ferritin domain. The NJ phylogenetic analysis showed PcFer clustered with other crustacean peptides. The recombinant PcFer protein was produced and purified in E. coli, and the anti-rabbit polyclonal antibody was obtained. The rPcFer exhibited iron binding activity at a dose-dependent effect. The qPCR and western blot analysis revealed that PcFer was highly expressed in hemocytes, hepatopancreas, and gills. After challenged with WSSV and Aeromonas hydrophila, the mRNA and protein expression patterns of PcFer were significantly up-regulated in hemocytes and hepatopancreas. dsRNA interfering technique was utilized to silence the expression of PcFer gene. The WSSV copy number in PcFer silenced shrimp was much higher than that in the control group. The present study indicated that PcFer was involved in the immune defense against WSSV and Aeromonas hydrophila, and might inhibit WSSV replication in P. clarkii. These results will provide important data support for further study of the functional role of the ferritin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Zhe Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhenhua An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Dongmei Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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12
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Kumeiko VV, Sokolnikova YN, Grinchenko AV, Mokrina MS, Kniazkina MI. Immune state correlates with histopathological level and reveals molluscan health in populations of Modiolus kurilensis by integral health index (IHI). J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 154:42-57. [PMID: 29604260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of the histopathological and immune parameters of bivalve Modiolus kurilensis collected from water areas with different level of ecotoxicological stress was performed. Significant differences between samples from polluted and non-polluted sites were revealed for total haemocyte count; percentage of agranulocytes; size and internal complexity of agranulocytes and granulocytes; phagocytic activity; percentage of NBT-positive cells; hemolytic activity and plasma protein concentration; percentage of the optical density of haemolymph major polypeptide bands at 55 kDa, 78 kDa, and 124 kDa; concretion coverage area in the kidney tubules; thickness of the tubular basement membrane; nephrocyte shape; and karyopyknosis of the kidneys; and hypervacuolisation; necrosis; karyopyknosis; haemocyte infiltration; fibrosis; and invasion of the digestive gland. Analysis of the global histopathological condition index based on the weighted indices also revealed that both the digestive gland and kidneys showed significantly greater histopathological changes in the bivalves collected from polluted water. Bivalve histopathology is an established tool in aquatic toxicology. However, it reflects a morphological picture of change, which, as a rule, can be clearly recorded only at the later stages of pathology, and in some cases, indicates an adaptation to stressors within the physiological norm. In this respect, a promising and highly sensitive biomarker of the functional state of bivalves, in terms of norm and pathology as well as their habitat, is the evaluation of immune status in combination with morphological changes. However, the use of different methods and scales of assessment and the diagnosis of biomarkers, characterised by different profiles of the stress response, makes it difficult to compare the results of different studies. We propose a reliable and powerful system for assessing the physiological state of bivalve molluscs, expressed in the integral health index (IHI) and based on the standardisation of the numerical values for all parameters that have significant differences between animals collected from impacted and non-impacted water areas. In our study, IHI calculated in three variants (for histopathological parameters, for immunological parameters, and in combination) showed the most significant differences in each of the cases, but the strongest difference (-4.07) was in calculating the total IHI, which included both the immune and histopathological parameters (p = 0.00005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V Kumeiko
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation; School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation; National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russian Federation.
| | - Yulia N Sokolnikova
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei V Grinchenko
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation; School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Maria S Mokrina
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Marina I Kniazkina
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
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13
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Xiong YM, Yan ZH, Zhang JE, Li HY. Analysis of albumen gland proteins suggests survival strategies of developing embryos of Pomacea canaliculata. MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2017.1385896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ming Xiong
- Department of Aquiculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hui Yan
- Department of Aquiculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-En Zhang
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yun Li
- Department of Aquiculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Yu HZ, Zhang SZ, Ma Y, Fei DQ, Li B, Yang LA, Wang J, Li Z, Muhammad A, Xu JP. Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of a Ferritin Heavy Chain Subunit from the Eri-Silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102126. [PMID: 29036914 PMCID: PMC5666808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferritins are conserved iron-binding proteins that are primarily involved in iron storage, detoxification and the immune response. Despite the importance of ferritin in organisms, little is known about their roles in the eri-silkworm (Samia cynthia ricini). We previously identified a ferritin heavy chain subunit named ScFerHCH in the S. c. ricini transcriptome database. The full-length S. c. ricini ferritin heavy chain subunit (ScFerHCH) was 1863 bp and encoded a protein of 231 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 25.89 kDa. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ScFerHCH shared a high amino acid identity with the Bombyx mori and Danaus plexippus heavy chain subunits. Higher ScFerHCH expression levels were found in the silk gland, fat body and midgut of S. c. ricini by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. Injection of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was associated with an upregulation of ScFerHCH in the midgut, fat body and hemolymph, indicating that ScFerHCH may contribute to the host’s defense against invading pathogens. In addition, the anti-oxidation activity and iron-binding capacity of recombinant ScFerHCH protein were examined. Taken together, our results suggest that the ferritin heavy chain subunit from eri-silkworm may play critical roles not only in innate immune defense, but also in organismic iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Zhong Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Shang-Zhi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Dong-Qiong Fei
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Bing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Li-Ang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Azharuddin Muhammad
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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