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Liu X, Meng XY. Dynamics of Bacterial white spot disease spreads in Litopenaeus Vannamei with time-varying delay. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:20748-20769. [PMID: 38124574 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we mainly consider a eco-epidemiological predator-prey system where delay is time-varying to study the transmission dynamics of Bacterial white spot disease in Litopenaeus Vannamei, which will contribute to the sustainable development of shrimp. First, the permanence and the positiveness of solutions are given. Then, the conditions for the local asymptotic stability of the equilibriums are established. Next, the global asymptotic stability for the system around the positive equilibrium is gained by applying the functional differential equation theory and constructing a proper Lyapunov function. Last, some numerical examples verify the validity and feasibility of previous theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- School of Science, Lanzhou University of Technology, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Xin You Meng
- School of Science, Lanzhou University of Technology, Gansu 730050, China
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Yadav K, Verma AK, Gupta S, Pathak AK, Sharma S, Awasthi A. Insight into molecular interaction between shrimp and white spot syndrome virus through MjsvCL-VP28 complex: an in-silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7757-7767. [PMID: 36120991 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2124457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
White Spot disease is a devastating disease of shrimps caused by White Spot Syndrome Virus in multifarious shrimp species. At present there is no absolute medication to suppress the disease hence, there is an urgent need for development of drug against the virus. Molecular interaction between viral envelope protein VP28 and shrimp receptor protein especially chitins play a pivotal role in ingression of WSSV. In the present study, we have tried to shed light on structural aspects of lectin protein in Marsupenaeus japonicus (MjsvCL). A structural insight to the CTLD-domain of MjsvCL has facilitated the understanding of the binding mechanism between the two proteins that is responsible for entry of WSSV into shrimps. Further, incorporation of molecular dynamics simulation and MMPBSA studies revealed the affinity of binding and certain hotspot residues, which are critical for association of both the proteins. For the first time we have proposed that these amino acids are quintessential for formation of VP28-MjsvCL complex and play crucial role in entry of WSSV into shrimps. Targeting the interaction between VP28 and CTLD of MjsvCL may possibly serve as a potential drug target. The current study provides information for better understanding the interaction between VP28 and MjsvCL that could be a plausible site for future inhibitors against WSSV in shrimps.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Arunima Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology, Autonomous Government P.G. College, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sunita Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Ajey Kumar Pathak
- Fish Conservation Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, India
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Department of Botany, Post Graduate Government College for Girls, Sec-11,Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhishek Awasthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Kumar S, Verma AK, Singh SP, Awasthi A. Immunostimulants for shrimp aquaculture: paving pathway towards shrimp sustainability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25325-25343. [PMID: 35025041 PMCID: PMC8755978 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
At present, food security is a matter of debate of global magnitude and fulfilling the feeding requirement of > 8 billion human populations by 2030 is one of the major concerns of the globe. Aquaculture plays a significant role to meet the global food requirement. Shrimp species such as Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon, and Macrobrachium rosenbergii are among the most popular food commodities worldwide. As per Global Outlook for Aquaculture Leadership survey, disease outbreaks have been a matter of concern from the past many decades regarding the shrimp aquaculture production. Among the past disease outbreaks, white spot disease caused by the white spot syndrome virus is considered to be one of the most devastating ones that caused colossal losses to the shrimp industry. Since the virus is highly contagious, it spreads gregariously among the shrimp population; hence, practicing proper sanitization practices is crucial in order to have disease-free shrimps. Additionally, in order to control the disease, antibiotics were used that further leads to bioaccumulation and biomagnification of antibiotics in several food webs. The bioaccumulation of the toxic residues in the food webs further adversely affected human too. Recently, immunostimulants/antivirals were used as an alternative to antibiotics. They were found to enhance the immune system of shrimps in eco-friendly manner. In context to this, the present paper presents a critical review on the immunostimulants available from plants, animals, and chemicals against WSSV in shrimps. Looking into this scenario, maintaining proper sanitation procedures in conjunction with the employment of immunostimulants may be a viable approach for preserving shrimp aquaculture across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Arunima Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology, Government Autonomous P.G. College, Madhya Pradesh, Satna, India
| | - Shivesh Pratap Singh
- Department of Zoology, Government Autonomous P.G. College, Madhya Pradesh, Satna, India
| | - Abhishek Awasthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Peng W, Bao Q, Jia R, He P. Construction of an easily detectable transgenic Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 against White Spot Syndrome Virus using vp28 and mOrange Gene and its metabolism in shrimp. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974014. [PMID: 36091009 PMCID: PMC9459150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome is an epidemic disease caused by the highly contagious and lethal white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), resulting in huge economic losses to the global aquaculture industry. VP28 is the main structural protein in the capsule of WSSV and is important in the early stage of infection. Under an excitation wavelength of 548 nm, the mOrange fluorescent protein releases a 562 nm emission wavelength, which is different from the autofluorescence of cyanobacteria. Therefore, using this characteristic combined with the receptor system of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, we constructed transgenic S. elongatus to express the recombinant protein VP28-mOrange. In addition, PCR and western blotting were used to confirm the stable expression of the target gene in cyanobacteria. Using mOrange tracer features, we explored the recombinant protein VP28-mOrange in the metabolic cycle of young Litopenaeus Vannamei after feeding. After the young shrimp had stopped consuming transgenic cyanobacteria, the 24 to 33 h fluorescence signal in the intestine was very weak, and almost disappeared after 36 h. We explored the protective effect of transgenic vp28-mOrange S. elongatus within 48 h of being ingested by L. vannamei and set WSSV challenges at 2, 12, 24, and 48 h post-immunization. However, the survival rate of L. vannamei decreased as the time of the WSSV challenge increased. The survival rate on the seventh day was 81%, 52%, 45.5%, and 33.3% for shrimps challenged for 2, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Enzyme activity can also support this conjecture, the enzyme activity indexes of the experimental groups were significantly reduced compared to positive and wild-type controls. Therefore, this immune agent functioned as a preventive agent. Compared with the traditional method, this method was easy to detect and can visualize the digestion of transgenic cyanobacteria in the Litopenaeus vannamei intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rui Jia
- *Correspondence: Rui Jia, ; Peimin He,
| | - Peimin He
- *Correspondence: Rui Jia, ; Peimin He,
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Cui C, Zhu L, Tang X, Xing J, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. Differential white spot syndrome virus-binding proteins in two hemocyte subpopulations of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 125:104215. [PMID: 34324898 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A number of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)-binding proteins have been identified previously in the hemocytes of Fenneropenaeus chinensis. In order to further investigate the differential WSSV-binding proteins in hemocyte subpopulations, granular hemocytes and hyalinocytes were sorted from WSSV-infected shrimp by immunomagnetic bead (IMB) method. The results of ELISA and immuno-dot blot assay showed that the WSSV-binding activity of granular hemocytes proteins was much stronger than that of hyalinocytes proteins. And the percentage of WSSV-positive granular hemocytes was significantly higher than that of hyalinocytes post WSSV infection, indicating that granular hemocytes were more susceptible to WSSV infection. Moreover, a total of 9 WSSV-binding proteins were successfully identified in granular hemocytes and hyalinocytes by two-dimensional virus overlay protein binding assay (2D-VOPBA) and MALDI-TOF MS analysis, of which 3 binding proteins (arginine kinase, protease 1 and transglutaminase) existing in both hyalinocytes and granular hemocytes and 6 proteins (F1ATP synthase β-chain, hnRNPs, GAPDH, RACK1, β-actin and cellular retinoic acid) detected only in granular hemocytes. Among these identified WSSV-binding proteins, the transglutaminase (TG) was further recombinantly expressed, and the recombinant TG could be bound with WSSV. Subsequently, quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that differential expression levels of WSSV-binding proteins were observed in granular hemocytes and hyalinocytes. The results of this study revealed that the WSSV-binding proteins were differentially expressed in granular hemocytes and hyalinocytes, which provided a deeper insight into the interaction between WSSV and hemocyte subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Cui
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
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Muñoz C, González-Lorca J, Parra M, Soto S, Valdes N, Sandino AM, Vargas R, González A, Tello M. Lactococcus lactis Expressing Type I Interferon From Atlantic Salmon Enhances the Innate Antiviral Immune Response In Vivo and In Vitro. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696781. [PMID: 34475871 PMCID: PMC8406758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In salmon farming, viruses are responsible for outbreaks that produce significant economic losses for which there is a lack of control tools other than vaccines. Type I interferon has been successfully used for treating some chronic viral infections in humans. However, its application in salmonids depends on the proper design of a vehicle that allows its massive administration, ideally orally. In mammals, administration of recombinant probiotics capable of expressing cytokines has shown local and systemic therapeutic effects. In this work, we evaluate the use of Lactococcus lactis as a type I Interferon expression system in Atlantic salmon, and we analyze its ability to stimulate the antiviral immune response against IPNV, in vivo and in vitro. The interferon expressed in L. lactis, even though it was located mainly in the bacterial cytoplasm, was functional, stimulating Mx and PKR expression in CHSE-214 cells, and reducing the IPNV viral load in SHK-1 cells. In vivo, the oral administration of this L. lactis producer of Interferon I increases Mx and PKR expression, mainly in the spleen, and to a lesser extent, in the head kidney. The oral administration of this strain also reduces the IPNV viral load in Atlantic salmon specimens challenged with this pathogen. Our results show that oral administration of L. lactis producing Interferon I induces systemic effects in Atlantic salmon, allowing to stimulate the antiviral immune response. This probiotic could have effects against a wide variety of viruses that infect Atlantic salmon and also be effective in other salmonids due to the high identity among their type I interferons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josue González-Lorca
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mick Parra
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sarita Soto
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Valdes
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Sandino
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,ActivaQ S.A., Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alex González
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Mario Tello
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,IctioBiotic SpA, Santiago, Chile
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7
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Advances in the study of tegument protein VP26 in white spot syndrome virus. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Liu WJ, Chang YS, Chen PY, Wu SP. F1 ATP synthase β subunit is a putative receptor involved in white spot syndrome virus infection in shrimp by binding with viral envelope proteins VP51B and VP150. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103810. [PMID: 32750398 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is highly virulent toward shrimp, and F1 ATP synthase β subunit (ATPsyn-β) has been suggested to be involved in WSSV infection. Therefore, in this study, interactions between Penaeus monodon ATPsyn-β (PmATPsyn-β) and WSSV structural proteins were characterized. Based on the results of yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, and protein pull-down assays, WSSV VP51B and VP150 were identified as being able to interact with PmATPsyn-β. Membrane topology assay results indicated that VP51B and VP150 are envelope proteins with large portions exposed outside the WSSV virion. Cellular localization assay results demonstrated that VP51B and VP150 co-localize with PmATPsyn-β on the membranes of transfected cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and competitive ELISA results demonstrated that VP51B and VP150 bound to PmATPsyn-β in a dose-dependent manner, which could be competitively inhibited by the addition of WSSV virions. In vivo neutralization assay results further showed that both recombinant VP51B and VP150 could delay mortality in shrimp challenged with WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Jing Liu
- Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Shiang Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yu Chen
- Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ping Wu
- Department of Earth and Life Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
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Gao G, Lin R, Tao M, Aweya JJ, Yao D, Ma H, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang F. Molecular characterization of a novel white spot syndrome virus response protein (dubbed LvWRP) from Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 98:99-107. [PMID: 31051195 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome, which is caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), is a highly contagious disease of penaeid shrimp. However, there is currently incomplete understanding of the infection mechanism and pathogenesis of WSSV. In this study, a novel gene of a previously uncharacterized WSSV response protein (LvWRP) in Litopenaeus vannamei was identified and characterized. The LvWRP gene has an open reading frame (ORF) of 879 bp encoding a putative protein of 292 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed that LvWRP shared 24.9% identity with an uncharacterized protein of Penaeus monodon nudivirus. Real-time qPCR analysis showed that LvWRP was ubiquitously expressed in shrimp tissues, with transcript levels induced in hemocytes upon immune challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptoccocus iniae, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and WSSV. In addition, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of LvWRP followed by WSSV challenge revealed significant decrease in the transcript levels of WSSV IE1 and VP28 genes coupled with a reduction in WSSV copies in shrimp hemocytes. Moreover, depletion of LvWRP followed by WSSV challenge significantly increased the transcript levels of Vago4 and Vago5 as well as increased the phosphorylation of STAT, while hemocytes apoptosis in terms of caspase 3/7 activity was decreased. These results suggest that LvWRP is important for WSSV replication in shrimp, and therefore one of the vital host factors in WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guicai Gao
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Ruihong Lin
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Mengyuan Tao
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Ding Z, Jin M, Ren Q. Transcriptome analysis of Macrobrachium rosenbergii intestines under the white spot syndrome virus and poly (I:C) challenges. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204626. [PMID: 30265693 PMCID: PMC6161888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestine is a primary site of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in most crustaceans. To date, little is known about its role in the anti-viral immune response in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In this study, next-generation sequencing was employed to investigate the M. rosenbergii intestine transcriptomes following WSSV or poly I:C challenges. A total of 41.06 M, 39.58 M and 47.00 M clean reads were generated and assembled into 65,340, 71,241 and 70,614 transcripts from the negative control group (NG), WSSV challenge group (WG) and poly I:C treatment group (PG) respectively. Based on homology searches, functional annotation with 7 databases (NR, NT, GO, COG, KEGG, Swissprot and Interpro) for 88,412 transcripts was performed. After WSSV or poly (I:C) challenge, the numbers of up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were greater than the down-regulated DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) classification of the DEGs also distributed similarly, with the same top 10 annotations and were all assigned to the signaling pathways, including spliceosome, Rap1 signaling pathway, proteoglycans, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ECM receptor interaction. Results could contribute to a better understanding of the intestinal immune response to viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfeng Ding
- Institute of Aquatic Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Ren
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Li H, Yin B, Wang S, Fu Q, Xiao B, Lǚ K, He J, Li C. RNAi screening identifies a new Toll from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei that restricts WSSV infection through activating Dorsal to induce antimicrobial peptides. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007109. [PMID: 30256850 PMCID: PMC6175524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of Toll pathway defense against bacterial infection has been well established in shrimp, however how this pathway responds to viral infection is still largely unknown. In this study, we report the Toll4-Dorsal-AMPs cascade restricts the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection of shrimp. A total of nine Tolls from Litopenaeus vannamei namely Toll1-9 are identified, and RNAi screening in vivo reveals the Toll4 is important for shrimp to oppose WSSV infection. Knockdown of Toll4 results in elevated viral loads and renders shrimp more susceptible to WSSV. Furthermore, Toll4 could be a one of upstream pattern recognition receptor (PRR) to detect WSSV, and thereby leading to nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of Dorsal, the known NF-κB transcription factor of the canonical Toll pathway. More importantly, silencing of Toll4 and Dorsal contributes to impaired expression of a specific set of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as anti-LPS-factor (ALF) and lysozyme (LYZ) family, which exert potent anti-WSSV activity. Two AMPs of ALF1 and LYZ1 as representatives are demonstrated to have the ability to interact with several WSSV structural proteins to inhibit viral infection. Taken together, we therefore identify that the Toll4-Dorsal pathway mediates strong resistance to WSSV infection by inducing some specific AMPs. The TLR pathway mediated antiviral immune response is well identified in mammals, yet, Toll pathway governing this protection in invertebrates remains unknown. In the present study, we uncover that a shrimp Toll4 from a total of nine Tolls in L. vannamei confers resistance to WSSV thought inducing the NF-κB transcription factor Dorsal to inspire the production of some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with antiviral activity. The anti-LPS-factor (ALF) and lysozyme (LYZ) family are identified as the Toll4-Dorsal pathway targeted genes with the ability to interact with viral structural proteins in response to WSSV infection. These results suggest that the Toll receptor induces the expression of AMPs with antiviral activity could be a general antiviral mechanism in invertebrates and Toll pathway established antiviral defense could be conserved during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qihui Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kai Lǚ
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo He
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JH); (CL)
| | - Chaozheng Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JH); (CL)
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