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Sun Z, Tan X, Wei Z, Liu Q, Mai H, Liu Y, Liu B, Zhuang Y, Zou D, Zhang W, Liu X, Ye C. Effects of dietary dandelion extract on the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, liver histology, and immune and apoptosis-related genes expression of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀) at different feeding period. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:280-286. [PMID: 34838703 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study explored on the effects of dietary 0.4% dandelion extract on the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, liver histology and the expression levels of immune and apoptosis-related genes in the head kidney and spleen of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀) at different feeding period. The results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) of the hybrid grouper were significantly increased at the second and fourth weeks (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in WGR at the eighth week (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, dietary dandelion extracts supplementation improve lipid metabolism, reduce lipid accumulation in liver and maintain normal liver histology at the second and fourth weeks. At the end of the second week, the relative expression levels of antioxidant related genes (MnSOD, GPX and GR) in the head kidney of hybrid grouper fed with dandelion extract increased significantly; at the end of week 4 and week 8, the relative expression levels of antioxidant related genes other than MnSOD did not change significantly. However, in the spleen of hybrid grouper, the expression of these antioxidant genes showed the opposite trend. At the end of the eighth week, dietary dandelion extract supplementation significantly increased the expression of inflammatory response related genes in head kidney of hybrid grouper, but showed the opposite trend in spleen. In conclusion, the short-term (2 or 4 weeks) application of 0.4% dandelion extract in feed had the effects of growth improvement, liver protection and immune stimulation on hybrid grouper due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The beneficial effect of dandelion extract on hybrid grouper was time-dependent, and its action time on different immune organs of hybrid grouper was not synchronous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Sun
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaohong Tan
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Zonglu Wei
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qingying Liu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Haobin Mai
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yutong Zhuang
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Danyang Zou
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xinting Liu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Chaoxia Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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Hoseini SM, Taheri Mirghaed A, Pagheh E, Hoseinifar SH, Van Doan H. Anesthesia of rainbow trout with citronellal: Efficacy and biochemical effects. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 337:227-237. [PMID: 34826206 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the anesthetic efficacy and biochemical effects of citronellal on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The fish were exposed to 200-800 µl/L citronellal to find the anesthesia induction and recovery times. The deep anesthesia stage was reached within 117-613 s, using 800-200 µl/L citronellal, respectively, and all fish recovered within 240-420 s. To assess biochemical responses, the fish were exposed to 200, 400, 600, and 800 µl/L of citronellal and blood-sampled after deep anesthesia. The results showed that anesthesia led to significant elevations in blood erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, plasma lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase; these parameters exhibited increasing trends as citronellal concentration increased. These results along with significantly higher plasma lysozyme activity, cortisol, and glucose levels in 200 µl/L treatment suggest that an increase in citronellal concentration significantly mitigates hypoxia/stress responses in the fish. Significant elevations in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and malondialdehyde level were observed in the 200 µl/L treatment, which suggests induction of hemolysis and oxidative stress in this treatment. There was a tendency to higher ammonia levels along with the increase in citronellal concentration, which might be due to early ammonia accumulation because of lower opercular movement in the fish. Except for blood hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume, there were no significant differences between the 600 and 800 µl/L citronellal treatments. In conclusion, high concentrations of citronellal are more suitable for trout anesthesia and blood sampling than low concentrations. Based on the present study, 600-800 µl/L citronellal is recommended for trout anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Morteza Hoseini
- Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Taheri Mirghaed
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmail Pagheh
- Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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3
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Amra K, Momin M, Desai N, Khan F. Therapeutic benefits of natural oils along with permeation enhancing activity. Int J Dermatol 2021; 61:484-507. [PMID: 34310695 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system with a multifunctional purpose to protect the body from heat and microbes, regulate body temperature, and act as a sensory organ. A topical dosage form applied on the skin will have to cross the stratum corneum, which would then allow the dosage form to traverse the subsequent layers of the skin. The drug with poor solubility and short half-life would serve as an ideal candidate for its delivery via the transdermal route. This review reports the role of natural oils in enhancing the permeation of drugs through skin as they possess different features like natural origin, favorable penetration enhancement, and partitioning action in the skin. Chemical penetration enhancers have been used widely but are associated with toxicities. Thus, more research should be channelized in the area of extraction of oils from natural sources, along with their active constituents, which can serve as therapeutic alternatives to various disorders and diseases. Natural oils are obtained from leaves, fruits, flowers, seeds, bark, and roots, which have a therapeutic potential as well as penetration enhancing activity. The demerits of oral drug delivery include degradation of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract, addition of taste masking, and coating of tablets, which can be overcome by delivering the drug via the transdermal route. Natural oil contains lipids, flavonoids, and terpenes, which play a significant role in anti-inflammatory and penetration enhancing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesrin Amra
- Cipla Ltd, LBS Marg, Vikhroli West, Mumbai, India
| | - Munira Momin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Neha Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Fateh Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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Kyriakis D, Kanterakis A, Manousaki T, Tsakogiannis A, Tsagris M, Tsamardinos I, Papaharisis L, Chatziplis D, Potamias G, Tsigenopoulos CS. Scanning of Genetic Variants and Genetic Mapping of Phenotypic Traits in Gilthead Sea Bream Through ddRAD Sequencing. Front Genet 2019; 10:675. [PMID: 31447879 PMCID: PMC6691846 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) is a teleost of considerable economic importance in Southern European aquaculture. The aquaculture industry shows a growing interest in the application of genetic methods that can locate phenotype–genotype associations with high economic impact. Through selective breeding, the aquaculture industry can exploit this information to maximize the financial yield. Here, we present a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) of 112 samples belonging to seven different sea bream families collected from a Greek commercial aquaculture company. Through double digest Random Amplified DNA (ddRAD) Sequencing, we generated a per-sample genetic profile consisting of 2,258 high-quality Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). These profiles were tested for association with four phenotypes of major financial importance: Fat, Weight, Tag Weight, and the Length to Width ratio. We applied two methods of association analysis. The first is the typical single-SNP to phenotype test, and the second is a feature selection (FS) method through two novel algorithms that are employed for the first time in aquaculture genomics and produce groups with multiple SNPs associated to a phenotype. In total, we identified 9 single SNPs and 6 groups of SNPs associated with weight-related phenotypes (Weight and Tag Weight), 2 groups associated with Fat, and 16 groups associated with the Length to Width ratio. Six identified loci (Chr4:23265532, Chr6:12617755, Chr:8:11613979, Chr13:1098152, Chr15:3260819, and Chr22:14483563) were present in genes associated with growth in other teleosts or even mammals, such as semaphorin-3A and neurotrophin-3. These loci are strong candidates for future studies that will help us unveil the genetic mechanisms underlying growth and improve the sea bream aquaculture productivity by providing genomic anchors for selection programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kyriakis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR) Crete, Greece
| | | | - Tereza Manousaki
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR) Crete, Greece
| | - Alexandros Tsakogiannis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR) Crete, Greece
| | - Michalis Tsagris
- Deparment of Economics, University of Crete, Gallos Campus, Rethymnon, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsamardinos
- Department of Computer Science, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Chatziplis
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Alexander Technological Education Institute of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Potamias
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Costas S Tsigenopoulos
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR) Crete, Greece
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Souza CDF, Baldissera MD, Baldisserotto B, Heinzmann BM, Martos-Sitcha JA, Mancera JM. Essential Oils as Stress-Reducing Agents for Fish Aquaculture: A Review. Front Physiol 2019; 10:785. [PMID: 31281264 PMCID: PMC6596282 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In fish, stressful events initiate a hormone cascade along the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal and hypothalamus-sympathetic-chromaffin (HSC) axis to evoke several physiological reactions in order to orchestrate and maintain homeostasis. Several biotic and abiotic factors, as well as aquaculture procedures (handling, transport, or stocking density), activated stress system inducing negative effects on different physiological processes in fish (growth, reproduction, and immunity). In order to reduce these consequences, the use of essential oils (EOs) derived from plants has been the focus of aquaculture studies due to their diverse properties (e.g., anesthetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial), which have been shown to reduce biochemical and endocrine alterations and, consequently, to improve the welfare status. Recently, several studies have shown that biogenic compounds isolated from different EOs present excellent biological activities, as well as the nanoencapsulated form of these EOs may potentiate their effects. Overall, EOs presented less side effects than synthetic compounds, but their stress-reducing efficacy is related to their chemical composition, concentration or chemotype used. In addition, their species-specific actions must be clearly established since they can act as stressors by themselves if their concentrations and chemotypes used are not suitable. For this reason, it is necessary to assess the effect of these natural compound mixtures in different fish species, from marine to freshwater, in order to find the ideal concentration range and the way for their administration to obtain the desired biological activity, without any undesired side effects. In this review, the main findings regarding the use of different EOs as stress reducers will be presented to highlight the most important issues related to their use to improve fish welfare in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine de Freitas Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Berta Maria Heinzmann
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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Guardiola FA, Saraiva-Fraga M, Cuesta A, Esteban MA. Changes in natural haemolytic complement activity induced by stress in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 78:317-321. [PMID: 29704553 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In aquaculture, animals can be continually exposed to environmental stress factors that put their health and even survival at risk. Two experiments were performed to evaluate the impact of different stress conditions (acute crowding and anaesthetic) on the natural haemolytic complement activity in serum and skin mucus of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). In the first experiment, fish were subjected to 10 kg m-3 (low density, control group) and 50 kg m-3 (high density, crowding group) during 2, 24 and 48 h. In the second experiment, fish were unexposed (control) or exposed to 40 ppm of MS-222 or 5 ppm or 10 ppm of clove oil for 1 h. In fish maintained in acute crowding conditions only an increase of the haemolytic complement activity was observed in the skin mucus after 24 h of exposure. However, a similar statistically significant increase was observed in serum and skin mucus of fish exposed for 1 h to the lowest concentration of clove oil (5 ppm) tested. The results point to a new and alternative way to assess stress in farmed fish by using skin mucus instead of blood serum and confirm that the measurement of natural haemolytic complement activity serves as an indicator of stress in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Guardiola
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Saraiva-Fraga
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Angeles Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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