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Huo X, Chang J, Zhang Q, Wang W, Wang P, Zhao F, He S, Yang C, Liu X, Liang X, Zhang Y, Su J. Nanopeptide CI20 remarkably enhances growth performance and disease resistances by improving the mucosal structure, antioxidant capacity, and immunity in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126935. [PMID: 37722638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Soybean meal, excessively used in place of fish meal (FM) in aquaculture, has a detrimental impact on fish. In this study, the nanopeptide CI20, which was created by conjugating antimicrobial peptide gcIFN-20H and CMCS, were evaluated the feeding effect in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). Compared with the control group, 150 mg/kg C-I20-fed fish showed the second highest growth performance with no significant changes in body composition. C-I20-fed fish showed more goblet cells and thicker mucin after feeding. The 150 mg/kg CI20 diet boosted the antioxidant capacity, immunity, and digestive enzymes. After Aeromonas hydrophila and infection spleen and kidney necrosis virus infection, the survival rates in the 150 mg/kg CI20 group were highest. Meanwhile, many tissues in the 150 mg/kg CI20 group had significantly lower pathogen loads than the other groups. Treatment with 150 mg/kg CI20 was effective in increasing antioxidant capacity and immunity. The minimum tissue lesions were observed in the 150 mg/kg CI20 group. The goblet cell number and mucin thickness were significantly increased by CI20 treatment after infection. The study results herein showed that a reasonable dietary concentration of CI20 feed promoted growth performance and disease resistances in fish, suggesting a prospective nano antimicrobial peptide for the aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Huo
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiao Chang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weicheng Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengxu Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fengxia Zhao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shan He
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xufang Liang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Kumari R, Sharma N, Sharma S, Samurailatpam S, Padhi S, Singh SP, Kumar Rai A. Production and characterization of bioactive peptides in fermented soybean meal produced using proteolytic Bacillus species isolated from kinema. Food Chem 2023; 421:136130. [PMID: 37116444 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to enhance the functional properties of soybean meal (SBM) using potent proteolytic Bacillus strains isolated from kinema, a traditional fermented soybean product of Sikkim Himalaya. Selected Bacillus species; Bacillus licheniformis KN1G, B. amyloliquifaciens KN2G, B. subtilis KN36D, B. subtilis KN2B, and B. subtilis KN36D were employed for solid state fermentation (SSF) of SBM samples. The water and methanol extracts of SBM hydrolysates presented a significant increase in antioxidant activity. The water-soluble extracts of B. subtilis KN2B fermented SBM exhibited the best DPPH radical scavenging activity of 2.30 mg/mL. In contrast, the methanol-soluble extract of B. licheniformis KN1G fermented SBM showed scavenging activity of 0.51 mg/mL. Proteomic analysis of fermented soybean meal revealed several common and unique peptides produced by applying different starter cultures. Unique antioxidant peptides (HFDSEVVFF and VVDMNEGALFLPH) were identified from FSBM via LC/MS. B. subtilis KN36D showed the highest diversity of peptides produced during fermentation. The results indicate the importance of specific strains for fermentation to upgrade the nutritional value of raw fermented biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Kumari
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Nitish Sharma
- Centre of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (DBT-CIAB), Sector-81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sangita Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Sanjukta Samurailatpam
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Srichandan Padhi
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Sudhir P Singh
- Centre of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (DBT-CIAB), Sector-81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (DBT-IBSD), Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India; National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (DBT-NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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Panase A, Thirabunyanon M, Promya J, Chitmanat C. Influences of Bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide on growth performances, immune responses, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1094681. [PMID: 36713865 PMCID: PMC9878692 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1094681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performances, immunity improvement, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The fish (24.5 ± 1.6 g) were fed a basal diet (G1), diets supplemented with 1 g/kg (G2), 3 g/kg (G3) and 5 g/kg (G4) of FOS as well as diets supplemented with 1 × 109 CFU/g (G5), 3 × 109 CFU/g (G6) and 5 × 109 CFU/g (G7) of B. subtilis for 56 days. After the feeding trial, the complement C3, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, hsp70 gene expression in the liver was then analyzed by a quantitative Real-time PCR. Then, fish were infected with Streptococcus agalactiae, and the survival rate was recorded. The results showed that FOS and B. subtilis had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on growth performances and survival rate. Lysozyme activity was significantly greater in the G4, G5, G6, and G7 groups. Also, all fish fed FOS and B. subtilis showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher respiratory burst activity than other groups. The expressions of complement C3, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and hsp-70 in the liver were significantly higher for fish fed 5 g/kg of FOS as well as for fish that received any concentration level of B. subtilis (P < 0.05) used in the study. After the S. agalactiae challenge test, the survival rate of fish-fed diets supplemented with FOS and B. subtilis was slightly higher than for the control group. The results indicated that FOS and B. subtilis could stimulate immune responses and immune-related genes in tilapia. However, further investigation of other prebiotics or herbs in combination with B. subtilis is encouraged at molecular levels and screening for beneficial metabolites that may increasingly improve digestive enzymes, growth performances, and health benefits in tilapia. In addition, on-farm experiments are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arporn Panase
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Mongkol Thirabunyanon
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jongkon Promya
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chanagun Chitmanat
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,*Correspondence: Chanagun Chitmanat ✉
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Wang J, Mai K, Ai Q. Conventional Soybean Meal as Fishmeal Alternative in Diets of Japanese Seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus): Effects of Functional Additives on Growth, Immunity, Antioxidant Capacity and Disease Resistance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050951. [PMID: 35624815 PMCID: PMC9137609 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to optimize soymeal-based diets for Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicas), a 105-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of functional additives, including antioxidants (ethoxyquin, thymol and carvacrol) and chelated trace elements (Cu, Mn and Zn), on the growth, immunity, antioxidant capacity and disease resistance of fish fed diets with conventional soybean meal replacing 50% of fishmeal. Three isonitrogenous (45%) and isolipidic (11%) diets were formulated: (1) standard reference diet (FM, 42% fishmeal); (2) soymeal-based diet (SBM, 21% fishmeal and 30% conventional soybean meal); (3) SBM diet supplemented 0.0665% functional additives (FAS). Each experimental diet was randomly fed to quadruplicate groups of forty feed-trained Japanese seabass (initial average body weight = 125.6 ± 0.6 g) stocked in a saltwater floating cage. Upon the conclusion of the feeding trial, lower feed intake was observed in fish fed SBM compared to those fed FM and FAS. Fish fed FM showed the highest growth performance, estimated as the weight gain rate. Notably, FAS supported faster growth of fish than those fed SBM, indicating the optimal growth performance of dietary functional additives. The feed conversion rate showed the opposite trend among dietary treatments, with the highest value in fish fed SBM. Regarding immunity, fish fed soymeal-based diets suppressed the serum alternative complement pathway activities compared to FM, whereas the respiratory burst activity in macrophages of head kidneys showed a similar picture, but no statistical differences were observed. Further, fish fed soymeal-based diets had lower serum Cu-Zn SOD, CAT and GPx activities as well as liver vitamin E levels and scavenging rates of hydroxyl radical but higher liver MDA contents compared to the FM-fed group. Fish fed FAS had higher serum Cu-Zn SOD and GPx activities and liver vitamin E levels than those fed SBM, suggesting the enhancement of antioxidant capacity of dietary functional additives. For the disease resistance against Vibrio harveyi infection, fish fed SBM had the highest cumulative mortality, followed by the FAS and FM groups. Additionally, the biomarkers related to the immune and antioxidant capacities had a positive correlation with the relative abundance of Paracoccus and Pseudomonas, while liver MDA levels had a negative correlation with the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter. Collectively, soymeal replacing 50% of fishmeal suppressed the growth, immunity, antioxidant capacity and disease resistance of Japanese seabass, while dietary supplementation of antioxidants and chelated trace elements could mitigate soymeal-induced adverse effects on growth and disease resistance through the improvement in antioxidant capacity and regulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.W.); (K.M.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.W.); (K.M.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.W.); (K.M.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13969712326
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de Oliveira NS, Ha N, da Cunha L, Cipriani LA, Neto AT, Skoronski E, Gisbert E, Perez Fabregat TEH. Fermentation of Soybean Meal with Lactobacillus acidophilus Allows Greater Inclusion of Vegetable Protein in the Diet and Can Reduce Vibrionacea in the Intestine of the South American Catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060690. [PMID: 35327087 PMCID: PMC8944494 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is a demand to replace fishmeal with protein sources of plant origin in fish feeds. Biotechnology strategies, such as fermentation, can improve the bioavailability of plant proteins and decrease the presence of antinutrients, optimizing the results obtained. Fermented soybean meal has already been evaluated for different fish species as a replacement for fishmeal, and there is evidence that it can improve the intestinal health of animals. Lactobacillus acidophilus is a strain used as a probiotic in fish feeding but it remains to be evaluated as a potential fermentation bacterium for feed ingredients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diets containing different inclusion levels (0%, 7%, 14%, 21% and 28%) of soybean meal fermented by L. acidophilus (SMFL) on the zootechnical performance and intestinal health of South American catfish juveniles (Rhamdia quelen). The inclusion of SMFL up to 21% in replacement of fish meal did not affect the zootechnical performance of fish and also decreased the concentration of Vibrionaceae bacteria present in the intestine compared to the control group. The results demonstrate that fermentation with L. acidophilus enables greater inclusion of soybean protein in South American catfish diets and promotes the control of intestinal pathogenic bacteria. Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets containing different inclusion levels (0%, 7%, 14%, 21% and 28%) of soybean meal fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus (SMFL) on the zootechnical performance and intestinal health of South American catfish juveniles (Rhamdia quelen). The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and four replications and lasted 56 days. Five isoproteic (39% crude protein) and isoenergetic (4300 kcal of gross energy kg−1) diets were formulated where SMFL was included in replacement of fish meal. Two hundred forty South American catfish juveniles (3.0 ± 0.5 g) were distributed in 20 tanks (70 L) connected in a recirculation aquaculture system. At the end of the experiment, the inclusion of SMFL up to 21% in replacement of fish meal did not affect the zootechnical performance and also decreased the concentration of Vibrionaceae bacteria present in the intestine compared to the control group. The amount of total lactic and heterotrophic bacteria, the enzymatic activity and the intestinal morphometry did not differ between dietary treatments. The results demonstrate that fermentation with Lactobacillus acidophilus enables greater inclusion of soybean protein in South American catfish diets and promotes the control of intestinal pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandara Soares de Oliveira
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC, Avenue Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages 88520-000, SC, Brazil; (N.S.d.O.); (N.H.); (L.d.C.); (L.A.C.); (A.T.N.); (E.S.)
| | - Natalia Ha
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC, Avenue Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages 88520-000, SC, Brazil; (N.S.d.O.); (N.H.); (L.d.C.); (L.A.C.); (A.T.N.); (E.S.)
| | - Larissa da Cunha
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC, Avenue Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages 88520-000, SC, Brazil; (N.S.d.O.); (N.H.); (L.d.C.); (L.A.C.); (A.T.N.); (E.S.)
| | - Luiz Augusto Cipriani
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC, Avenue Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages 88520-000, SC, Brazil; (N.S.d.O.); (N.H.); (L.d.C.); (L.A.C.); (A.T.N.); (E.S.)
| | - André Thaler Neto
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC, Avenue Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages 88520-000, SC, Brazil; (N.S.d.O.); (N.H.); (L.d.C.); (L.A.C.); (A.T.N.); (E.S.)
| | - Everton Skoronski
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC, Avenue Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages 88520-000, SC, Brazil; (N.S.d.O.); (N.H.); (L.d.C.); (L.A.C.); (A.T.N.); (E.S.)
| | - Enric Gisbert
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Aquaculture Program, Carretera Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain;
| | - Thiago El Hadi Perez Fabregat
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC, Avenue Luiz de Camões, 2090, Lages 88520-000, SC, Brazil; (N.S.d.O.); (N.H.); (L.d.C.); (L.A.C.); (A.T.N.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang Q, Li J, Zhu X, Sun C, Teng J, Chen L, Shan E, Zhao J. Microplastics in fish meals: An exposure route for aquaculture animals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151049. [PMID: 34673075 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are widely detected in many marine fishes. Fish meal contaminated by MP may constitute a potential threat to aquaculture animals. This study analyzed the characteristics of MP in fish meals from ten major fish meal-producing countries around the world. Microplastics were isolated from fish meal, examined under a microscope and identified using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (μ-FT-IR). The results showed that MP pollution was widely detected in fish meal samples from ten countries. The average MP abundance of fish meals was 5.5 ± 1.6 items/g, with higher levels in China, Peru and Myanmar, which might be related to the high pollution level in fish and their habitats. In isolated MPs, fibers were the main shape type, and the most common size was 500-1000 μm. A total of 6 polymers were identified, with cellophane (CP), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene teraphalate (PET) being the most common types. The total amount of MP ingestion from fish meals by different cultured animals was also estimated, with Atlantic salmon Salmon salar ingesting the largest number of MPs (9361 items), and red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii ingesting the smallest number of MPs (19 items). Thus, fish meal constitutes an important exposure route of MPs for aquaculture animals. The results of this study will provide a basis to assess the potential health risks of MPs in fish meals around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Jinjun Li
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries Science Department, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chaofan Sun
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jia Teng
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Limei Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries Science Department, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Encui Shan
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.
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Li C, Tian Y, Ma Q, Zhang B. Dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid ameliorates growth impairment and intestinal dysfunction in turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus L.) fed a high soybean meal diet. Food Funct 2022; 13:290-303. [PMID: 34889908 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03034e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over-substitution of fishmeal with soybean meal (SBM) commonly induces inferior growth and intestinal dysfunction in fish. This study aims to evaluate whether dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) could ameliorate the adverse effects in turbot fed a high-SBM diet (HSD). Two hundred and seventy turbots were randomly divided into three treatment groups including turbots fed on a control diet (CNT, containing 60% fishmeal), an HSD (with 45% fishmeal protein replaced by SBM), and an HSD supplemented with GABA (160 mg kg-1) for 53 days. The growth and feed utilization parameters were calculated and the intestinal antioxidant status, inflammation, apoptosis, and microbiota were evaluated using assay kits, histological analysis, qRT-PCR, high throughput sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that GABA ameliorated HSD-induced growth impairment and enhanced feed intake of turbot. GABA ameliorated HSD-induced intestinal oxidative stress and apoptosis by restoring the MDA content, CAT and T-AOC activities, and apoptosis-related gene (Bcl-2, Bax, Bid, and Caspase-3) expressions to similar levels to those in the CNT group. GABA also alleviated HSD-induced intestinal inflammation through down-regulating the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB p65 and up-regulating the expression of TGF-β1. Furthermore, GABA reversed HSD-induced microbiota dysbiosis through regulating the overall bacterial richness and dominative bacterial population. Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that the altered microbiota was closely associated with growth and intestinal function. Collectively, GABA could ameliorate HSD-induced intestinal dysfunction via relieving oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and microbiota dysbiosis, and these findings would contribute to a better understanding of the function of GABA in the fish intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qinyuan Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Beili Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
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Ismail T, Hegazi E, Nassef E, Shehab El-Din MT, Dawood MAO, Abdo SE, Gewaily MS. Gut immune-related gene expression, histomorphometry and hematoimmunological assays in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed Aspergillus oryzae fermented olive cake. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 117:299-310. [PMID: 34274421 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation strategy is well documented to improve the nutritional value of agricultural waste by-products such olive cake (OC), which, in turn, provides healthy, safe, and affordable feedstuff. This study assessed the combined impact of Aspergillus oryzae-fermented OC (AFOC) on the growth performance, intestinal morphometry, blood biochemistry, lysozyme activity, gut immune-related genes, and flesh quality of Nile tilapia. We divided 225 fish into five groups and further subdivided into three replicates (n = 15 each) and fed them five diets (Control, AFOC5, AFOC10, AFOC15, AFOC20) to determine AFOC nutritional value and its optimized incorporation level in the diet. The trial continued for 3 months. The crude protein content of OC improved by 7.77% after A. oryzae fermentation, while lipid content decreased by 14.19%. In addition, growth and feed utilization significantly improved at (10.8-11.2) % AFOC dietary level. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly improved, and the serum lysozyme level was significantly higher in the AFOC10 group compared to other groups. Interestingly, gut-related inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) revealed higher relative mRNA expression in the AFOC10 group compared to other groups. The histomorphometric parameters was greatly influenced by the AFOC incorporation level (10%-20%). These findings suggested that A. orzae fermentation modifies the nutritional quality of OC, as seen through its positive impact on the growth performance, local and systemic immunity, and intestinal absorptive capacity of Nile tilapia. The recommended dose for dietary AFOC was around 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt; Central Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed Hegazi
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Eldsokey Nassef
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohammed T Shehab El-Din
- Department of Fish Health, Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Safaa E Abdo
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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9
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Developmental, Dietary, and Geographical Impacts on Gut Microbiota of Red Swamp Crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii). Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091376. [PMID: 32911609 PMCID: PMC7565139 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) breeding is an important economic mainstay in Hubei province, China. However, information on the gut microbiota of the red swamp crayfish is limited. To address this issue, the effect of developmental stage, diet (fermented or non-fermented feed), and geographical location on the gut microbiota composition in the crayfish was studied via high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results revealed that the dominant phyla in the gut of the crayfish were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes, Tenericutes, and RsaHF231. The alpha diversity showed a declining trend during development, and a highly comparable gut microbiota clustering was identified in a development-dependent manner. The results also revealed that development, followed by diet, is a better key driver for crayfish gut microbiota patterns than geographical location. Notably, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was significantly higher in the gut of the crayfish fed with fermented feed than those fed with non-fermented feed, suggesting the fermented feed can be important for the functions (e.g., polysaccharide degradation) of the gut microbiota. In summary, our results revealed the factors shaping gut microbiota of the crayfish and the importance of the fermented feed in crayfish breeding.
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10
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Li S, Ding G, Song F, Sang C, Wang A, Chen N. Comparison of dehulled, fermented and enzyme-treated soybean meal in diets for largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides: Effects on growth performance, feed utilization, immune response and intestinal morphology. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Danilova I, Sharipova M. The Practical Potential of Bacilli and Their Enzymes for Industrial Production. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1782. [PMID: 32849401 PMCID: PMC7417770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus spp. are an affordable source of enzymes due to their wide distribution, safety in work, ease of cultivation, and susceptibility to genetic transformations. Researchers are particularly interested in proteolytic enzymes, which constitute one of the most diverse groups of microbial proteins in terms of properties. Despite the long history of their research, this group of enzymes continue to show great potential for practical application in the biomedical industry, as well as in the agricultural industry. Thus, the unique properties of bacillary proteinases, such as stability in a wide range of temperatures and pH, high specificity, biodegradability of a wide range of substrates, and the high potential of sequenced Bacillus genomes are a powerful foundation for the development of new biotechnologies. The current review aims to discuss recent studies on various enzymes in particular, proteinases produced by bacteria of the genus Bacillus, along with their prospective practical applications. This article also presents an interpretive summary of the recent developments on the usage of probiotic Bacillus strains as potential feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Danilova
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Margarita Sharipova
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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12
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Replacement of Fish Meal by Solid State Fermented Lupin (Lupinus albus) Meal with Latobacillus plantarum 299v: Effect on Growth and Immune Status of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess quality of SSF (Solid State Fermented) lupin with Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, and its effects (on growth, feed utilization, digestibility and immunity) of juvenile Atlantic salmon (S. salar), when used as fish meal replacer. Five experimental diets were formulated to provide 40% crude protein and 21% dietary lipid (dry matter basis) with the raw or fermented lupin meal-based protein source replacing fish meal at 15% and 30%. Triplicate groups of fish (averaging 3.53 ± 0.05 g) were fed with experimental diets for 8 weeks. Fermentation process modified nutrient profile of lupin meal and enriched it with lactic, citric and acetic acids. Fish in the FL15% group showed a higher (P < 0.05) final body weight, weight gain, FCR, SGR, and PER compared to those of C group. Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of protein and Nitrogen-free extract showed a significantly higher values in FL15% experimental group, compared to those shown in C group. Fish in the FL15% group showed a higher (P<0.05) lysozyme activity and leucocyte respiratory burst compared to that shown by fish samples in the C experimental group; phagocytic activity did not record differences among experimental groups. In conclusion, replacement of fish meal by raw or fermented lupin meal did not compromise growth, apparent digestibility coefficients and immune status of juvenile Atlantic salmon and even improve fish performance when supplemented at 15%.
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13
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Li C, Zhang B, Liu C, Zhou H, Wang X, Mai K, He G. Effects of dietary raw or Enterococcus faecium fermented soybean meal on growth, antioxidant status, intestinal microbiota, morphology, and inflammatory responses in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:261-271. [PMID: 32135340 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation has been reported to improve the utilization of plant ingredients including soybean meal (SBM) by fish, but the detailed mechanism is still poorly understood. This study compared the effects of partial replacement of fish meal (FM) protein with SBM or Enterococcus faecium fermented SBM (EFSM) on the growth, antioxidant status, intestinal microbiota, morphology, and inflammatory responses in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). The FM-based diet was used as the control (CONT). Two experimental diets were formulated in which 45% of the FM protein was replaced with SBM or EFSM. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (7.57 ± 0.01 g) twice daily for 79 d. Inferior growth performance was observed in SBM group, however, no significant depression was observed in EFSM group compared to the CONT group. The CONT group had the highest values of lysozyme, complement component 3, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and catalase, followed by the EFSM group, and the lowest in SBM group. The malondialdehyde content was lowest in the CONT group, followed by the EFSM group, and was highest in the SBM group. Gut morphology showed that SBM diet induced alterations typical for intestinal inflammation including decreased villus and microvillus height, and increased width and inflammatory cell infiltration of the lamina propria. However, the EFSM group alleviated such SBM-induced intestinal pathological disruption. Paralleled with the morphological symptoms, the inflammatory gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-8 were highest in the SBM group, followed by the EFSM group, and were lowest in the CONT group. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiota analysis revealed that EFSM group had an overall more similar microbiota with CONT group than SBM group. Specifically, compared with the SBM group, EFSM group significantly enhanced the probiotics Lactobacillus and anti-inflammatory bacterium Faecalibaculum, and inhibited the Vibrio. Collectively, this study indicated that Enterococcus faecium fermentation effectively counteracted the negative effects of SBM by enhancing antioxidant capacity, suppressing inflammatory responses, and modulating gut microbiota in turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Beili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chengdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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14
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Siddik MAB, Chaklader MR, Foysal MJ, Howieson J, Fotedar R, Gupta SK. Influence of fish protein hydrolysate produced from industrial residues on antioxidant activity, cytokine expression and gut microbial communities in juvenile barramundi Lates calcarifer. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:465-473. [PMID: 31866445 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the supplemental effects of tuna hydrolysate (TH) in poultry by-product meal (PBM) and dietary fishmeal (FM) diets on antioxidant enzymatic activities, gut microbial communities and expression of cytokine genes in the distal intestine of juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer. Fish were fed with fermented (FPBM + TH) as well as non-fermented PBM (PBM + TH) and FM (FMBD + TH) diets with 10% TH supplementation for 10 weeks. A basal diet prepared without TH supplementation served as control. The results showed that the activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly higher in FPBM + TH than the control, while the malondialdehyde and catalase activities were unchanged. FPBM + TH diet significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and TNF-α while considerable downregulation (P < 0.05) was observed in the mRNA expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 in the distal intestine of fish. The 16SrRNA analysis using V3-V4 region evidenced the ability of FPBM + TH to modulate the distal intestinal gut microbiome, augmenting the richness of Firmicutes and Fusobacteriaat at phylum level and Bacillus, Lactococcus and Cetobacterium at genus level. All these results have shown that fermented PBM with TH supplementation could improve the antioxidant capacity and inflammatory responses of juvenile barramundi while influencing the microbial communities at both phylum and genera levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A B Siddik
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, 1 Turner Avenue, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia; Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Reaz Chaklader
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, 1 Turner Avenue, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Md Javed Foysal
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, 1 Turner Avenue, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia; Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Janet Howieson
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, 1 Turner Avenue, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Ravi Fotedar
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, 1 Turner Avenue, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Sanjay K Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jhankhand, India
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15
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Fu Z, Yang R, Chen X, Qin JG, Gu Z, Ma Z. Dietary non-protein energy source regulates antioxidant status and immune response of barramundi (Lates calcarifer). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:697-704. [PMID: 31712130 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of different dietary sources of non-protein energy on growth performance, histological structure, antioxidant status and immune response of barramundi Lates calcarifer. Fish were fed with isoenergetic diets (18 kJ/g) with two types of non-protein energy in the experimental groups and a regular diet was used as the control for 56 days. The specific growth rate and survival of fish were not significantly different between experimental diets. Hepatic histology did not reveal significant differences between dietary treatments at cellular level. The activity of most antioxidant enzymes in the lipid group significantly increased, and the antioxidant capacity in the carbohydrate group was significantly higher than that in other treatments. In the TOR pathway, LST8 homolog (mLST8) expression in the high lipid group was downregulated, and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression in the high carbohydrate group was downregulated and eIF4E expression was upregulated. The C-reactive protein (CRP) expression in the high lipid and high carbohydrate groups was upregulated. The expression levels of heat shock protein genes in the high lipid group and the high carbohydrate group were significantly downregulated. This study indicates that the lipid diet have less effect in fish immunity but is more suitable as a non-protein ingredient for energy supply for barramundi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Fu
- Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya, 572018, PR China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, 572018, PR China; Ocean College, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya, 572018, PR China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, 572018, PR China
| | - Xu Chen
- Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya, 572018, PR China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, 572018, PR China
| | - Jian G Qin
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Ocean College, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zhenhua Ma
- Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya, 572018, PR China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, 572018, PR China.
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16
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Li C, Zhang B, Zhou H, Wang X, Pi X, Wang X, Mai K, He G. Beneficial influences of dietary Aspergillus awamori fermented soybean meal on oxidative homoeostasis and inflammatory response in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:8-16. [PMID: 31319205 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High levels of soybean meal (SBM) in aquafeed leads to detrimental inflammatory response and oxidative stress in fish. In the present study, fermentation with Aspergillus awamori was conducted to explore the potential effects on improving the nutritional quality of soybean meal and the health status of turbot. A 63-day feeding trial (initial weight 8.53 ± 0.11 g) was carried out to evaluate the utilization of fermented soybean meal (FSM) by juvenile turbot. 0% (FM, control), 30% (S30, F30), 45% (S45, F45), and 60% (S60, F60) of fish meal were replaced with SBM or FSM, respectively. As the results showed, fermentation significantly reduced the contents of anti-nutritional factors in SBM, including raffinose (-98.8%), glycinin (-98.5%), β-conglycinin (-97.4%), trypsin inhibitors (-80%) and stachyose (-80%). A depression of fish growth performance and activities of superoxide dismutase and lysozyme were observed in S45 and S60 groups, while these inferiorities were only observed in F60 group. Meanwhile, fermentation also improved the heights of enterocytes and microvillus significantly in the F45 and F60 groups compared with those in SBM. An induced expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β and depression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in the distal intestine were observed in the F45 and F60 groups. Taken together, this study indicated that fermentation with Aspergillus awamori could improve the replacement level with soybean meal from 30% to 45% in turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Beili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Xionge Pi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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