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Chang X, Wang WX. Differential cellular uptake and trafficking of nanoplastics in two hemocyte subpopulations of mussels Perna viridis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134388. [PMID: 38669925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Bruno F, Nava V, Fazio F, Sansotta C, Bruschetta G, Licata P, Parrino V. Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Tapes decussatus from Faro Lake (Messina), Italy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04128-1. [PMID: 38430347 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential bioaccumulation of arsenic (As), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) in the haemolymph and corpus of Mytilus galloprovincialis and Tapes decussatus from Lake Faro. The lake is particularly prone to the accumulation of substances that are potentially toxic to aquatic organisms, due to the input of pollutants from urban and agricultural sources and the low rate of water exchange. The combination of saltwater from the Tyrrhenian Sea, the Strait of Messina and freshwater from hilly aquifers has created brackish conditions in the lake, resulting in an area of high commercial shellfish productivity. As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined using a single quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer; Hg was determined using a direct mercury analyser (DMA-80). Physicochemical parameters of the water from Lake Faro were also performed. Statistical analysis was carried out using GraphPad Prism 9.0 (GraphPad Software, Inc., Boston, MA, USA) and Shapiro-Wilk normality was applied. Concentrations of Cd, Hg and Pb below the permitted MRLs in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Tapes decussatus used as ''biological indicators'' show that Lake Faro is not at risk of contamination by these pollutants and, moreover, is free of health problems for the consumer based on regulatory limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bruno
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci N.13, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nava
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci N.13, Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci N.13, Messina, Italy
| | - Carlo Sansotta
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruschetta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci N.13, Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Licata
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci N.13, Messina, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Parrino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Freire JMS, Farias ND, Hégaret H, da Silva PM. Morphological and functional characterization of the oyster Crassostrea gasar circulating hemocytes: Cell types and phagocytosis activity. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 4:100089. [PMID: 36941832 PMCID: PMC10023951 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemocytes are the circulating cells of the hemolymph of oysters and are responsible for numerous physiological functions, including immune defense. The oyster Crassostrea gasar is a native species inhabiting mangrove habitat and is of great commercial interest, cultured throughout the Brazilian coast, mainly in the north and northeast. Despite its commercial importance, little is known about its immunological aspects and defense cells, the hemocytes. This work aimed to morphologically characterize hemocytes of the oyster C. gasar and to study one of the main cellular defense response, phagocytosis, using light microscopy and flow cytometry. The results showed the presence of six hemocyte populations in C. gasar hemolymph. These comprise of large and small granulocytes, large and small hyalinocytes, blast-like cells and a rare type classified as vesicular or serous hemocytes. Hyalinocytes were highly abundant and the most heterogeneous cell population, while small granulocytes, along with vesicular hemocytes were the less abundant population. Hemocytes of C. gasar oysters demonstrated capabilities to phagocytose three different types of particles tested: zymosan A, latex particles and Escherichia coli, indicating a broad defense capacity. The zymosan A were the most engulfed particles, followed by beads, mainly phagocytized by granulocytes, the most phagocytic cells, and finally E. coli, which were the least phagocytized. This study is the first characterization of C. gasar oyster hemocytes and will support future studies that aim to understand the participation of different hemocyte types in defense responses against pathogens and/or environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesarela Merabe Silva Freire
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba – Campus I, 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Natanael Dantas Farias
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba – Campus I, 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR-UMR6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Place Copernic, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Patricia Mirella da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba – Campus I, 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
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Udayan G, Giordano ME, Pagliara P, Lionetto MG. Motility of Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes: Sensitivity to paracetamol in vitro exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106779. [PMID: 38016241 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals released into the environment (PiEs) represent an environmental problem of growing concern for the health of ecosystems and humans. An increasing number of studies show that PiEs pose a risk to aquatic organisms. The aim of the present work was to contribute to increasing the knowledge of the effects of PiE on marine biota focusing on the effect of paracetamol on the motility of hemocytes in Mytilus galloprovincialis, a bivalve mollusk species widely utilized as bioindicator organism. Hemocytes are the immunocompetent cells of bivalve mollusks. An early and key stage of mollusk immune response is represented by the recruitment and migration of these cells to the site of infection. Therefore, motility is an intrinsic characteristic of these cells. Here, we first characterized the spontaneous cell movement of M. galloprovincialis hemocytes when plated in a TC-treated polystyrene 96-well microplate. Two different cellular morphotypes were distinguished based on their appearance and motility behavior: spread cells and round-star-shaped cells. The two motility morphotypes were characterized by different velocities as well as movement directness, which were significantly lower in round-star-shaped cells with respect to spread cells. The sensitivity of the motility of M. galloprovincialis hemocytes to paracetamol at different concentrations (0.02, 0.2 and 2 mg/L) was investigated in vitro after 1h and 24h exposure. Paracetamol induced alterations in the motility behavior (both velocity and trajectories) of the hemocytes and the effects were cell-type specific. The study of hemocyte movements at the single cell level by cell tracking and velocimetric parameters analysis provides new sensitive tools for assessing the effects of emerging pollutants at the cellular levels in non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Udayan
- Dept. Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Giordano
- Dept. Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pagliara
- Dept. Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Lionetto
- Dept. Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy.
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Billaud M, Larbret F, Czerucka D. Impact of rising seawater temperature on a phagocytic cell population during V. parahaemolyticus infection in the sea anemone E. pallida. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292410. [PMID: 38077367 PMCID: PMC10703433 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is increasing ocean temperatures and consequently impacts marine life (e.g., bacterial communities). In this context, studying host-pathogen interactions in marine organisms is becoming increasingly important, not only for ecological conservation, but also to reduce economic loss due to mass mortalities in cultured species. In this study, we used Exaiptasia pallida (E. pallida), an anemone, as an emerging marine model to better understand the effect of rising temperatures on the infection induced by the pathogenic marine bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The effect of temperature on E. pallida was examined at 6, 24, or 30 h after bath inoculation with 108 CFU of V. parahaemolyticus expressing GFP (Vp-GFP) at 27°C (husbandry temperature) or 31°C (heat stress). Morphological observations of E. pallida and their Hsps expression demonstrated heat stress induced increasing damage to anemones. The kinetics of the infections revealed that Vp-GFP were localized on the surface of the ectoderm and in the mucus during the first hours of infection and in the mesenterial filaments thereafter. To better identify the E. pallida cells targeted by Vp-GFP infection, we used spectral flow cytometry. E. pallida cell types were identified based on their autofluorescent properties. corresponding to different cell types (algae and cnidocytes). We identified an AF10 population whose autofluorescent spectrum was identical to that of human monocytes/macrophage, suggesting that this spectral print could be the hallmark of phagocytic cells called "amebocytes''. AF10 autofluorescent cells had a high capacity to phagocytize Vp-GFP, suggesting their possible role in fighting infection. This was confirmed by microscopy using sorted AF10 and GFP-positive cells (AF10+/GFP+). The number of AF10+/GFP+ cells were reduced at 31°C, demonstrating that increased temperature not only damages tissue but also affects the immune response of E. pallida. In conclusion, our study provides a springboard for more comprehensive studies of immune defense in marine organisms and paves the way for future studies of the dynamics, activation patterns, and functional responses of immune cells when encountering pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Billaud
- Biomedical Department, Scientific Center of Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Frédéric Larbret
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Université Côte d’Azur, L’Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Dorota Czerucka
- Biomedical Department, Scientific Center of Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
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Intestinal Microbiota of Anser fabalis Wintering in Two Lakes in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Floodplain. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040707. [PMID: 36830494 PMCID: PMC9952484 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota of migratory birds participate in the life activities of the host and are affected by external environmental factors. The difference in habitat environment provides diversity in external environmental selection pressure for the same overwintering waterfowl, which may be reflected in their intestinal microbiota. Caizi lake and Shengjin Lake in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Floodplain are the main habitats for migratory waterfowl in winter, especially the Anser fabalis (A. fabalis). It is important to explore the changes in intestinal microbiota composition and function of A. fabalis in the early overwintering period to clarify the effect of habitat size and protection status on intestinal microbiota. In this study, the composition and structural characteristics of the intestinal microbiota of A. fabalis in Shengjin Lake (SL) and Caizi Lake (CL) were preliminarily explored in order to obtain data for the migratory birds. In both SL and CL groups, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis showed that Firmicutes was the dominant bacterial phylum, but the relative abundance showed significant differences. Lactobacillus was the most abundant genus in both SL and CL groups. At the species level, the abundance of L. aviaries was the highest, with a relative abundance in both SL and CL groups of more than 34%. When comparing the average relative abundance of the 15 most abundant genera, it was found that Subdoligranulum, Exiguobacterium, and Terrisporobacter had higher abundances in the intestinal microbiota of CL A. fabalis, while Streptococcus and Rothia had higher abundances in the intestinal microbiota of SL A. fabalis. There was only a positive correlation between Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria in the intestinal microbiota flora of SL A. fabalis, and the species were closely related. At the same time, there were positive and negative correlations between Firmicutes and Actinomycetes. However, CL is mainly associated with a positive correlation between Firmicutes and Actinomycetes, and there are also a small number of connections between Firmicutes. PICRUSt1 prediction analysis revealed that the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) functions of SL and CL involve energy production and transformation, amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and transcription. Understanding the changes in intestinal microbiota in Aves during the overwintering period is of great importance to explore the adaptation mechanism of migratory Aves to the overwintering environment. This work provides basic data for an A. fabalis intestinal microbiota study.
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Xu M, Zhang Y, Cao S, Li Y, Wang J, Dong H, Wang Y. A simulated toxic assessment of cesium on the blue mussel Mytilus edulis provides evidence for the potential impacts of nuclear wastewater discharge on marine ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120458. [PMID: 36270569 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of cesium (Cs) on the blue mussel Mytilus edulis were experimentally investigated to assess the potential environmental consequences of the discharge of nuclear wastewater containing radionuclides. A simulated experimental system of stable cesium (133Cs) was set up to mimic the impacts of radiocesium, and its heavy metal property was emphasized. The mussels were exposed to a concentration gradient of 133Cs for 21 days, followed by another 21-day elimination period. 133Cs exposure resulted in effective bioaccumulation with distinct features of concentration dependence and tissue specificity, and hemolymph, gills and digestive glands were recognized as the most target tissues for accumulation. Although the elimination period was helpful in reducing the accumulated 133Cs, the remaining concentrations of tissues were still significant. 133Cs exposure presented little effect on growth status at the individual level but had distinct interference on feeding and metabolism indicated by the oxygen consumption rate, ammonia-N excretion rate and O:N ratio, simultaneously with the impairment of digestive glands. Regarding hemocytes in the hemolymph, the cell mortality increment, micronucleus promotion, lysosomal membrane stability disruption and phagocytic ability inhibition suggested that the immune function was injured. The cooccurrence of reactive oxygen species overproduction had a close relationship with the observed damages and was thought to be the possible explanation for the immune toxicity. The assay based integrated biomarker response (IBR) presented a good linear relation with the exposure concentrations, suggesting that it was a promising method for assessing the risk of 133Cs. The results indicated that 133Cs exposure damaged M. edulis at the tissue and cell before at the macroscopic individual, evidencing the potentially detrimental impacts of nuclear wastewater discharge on marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Xu
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Yaya Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Sai Cao
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Huihui Dong
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - You Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Rahman MF, Billah MM, Kline RJ, Rahman MS. Effects of elevated temperature on 8-OHdG expression in the American oyster ( Crassostrea virginica): Induction of oxidative stress biomarkers, cellular apoptosis, DNA damage and γH2AX signaling pathways. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 4:100079. [PMID: 36589260 PMCID: PMC9798191 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Global temperature is increasing due to anthropogenic activities and the effects of elevated temperature on DNA lesions are not well documented in marine organisms. The American oyster (Crassostrea virginica, an edible and commercially important marine mollusk) is an ideal shellfish species to study oxidative DNA lesions during heat stress. In this study, we examined the effects of elevated temperatures (24, 28, and 32 °C for one-week exposure) on heat shock protein-70 (HSP70, a biomarker of heat stress), 8‑hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, a biomarker of pro-mutagenic DNA lesion), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), γ-histone family member X (γH2AX, a molecular biomarker of DNA damage), caspase-3 (CAS-3, a key enzyme of apoptotic pathway) and Bcl-2-associated X (BAX, an apoptosis regulator) protein and/or mRNA expressions in the gills of American oysters. Immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR results showed that HSP70, 8-OHdG, dsDNA, and γH2AX expressions in gills were significantly increased at high temperatures (28 and 32 °C) compared with control (24°C). In situ TUNEL analysis showed that the apoptotic cells in gill tissues were increased in heat-exposed oysters. Interestingly, the enhanced apoptotic cells were associated with increased CAS-3 and BAX mRNA and/or protein expressions, along with 8-OHdG levels in gills after heat exposure. Moreover, the extrapallial (EP) fluid (i.e., extracellular body fluid) protein concentrations were lower; however, the EP glucose levels were higher in heat-exposed oysters. Taken together, these results suggest that heat shock-driven oxidative stress alters extracellular body fluid conditions and induces cellular apoptosis and DNA damage, which may lead to increased 8-OHdG levels in cells/tissues in oysters.
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Key Words
- 8-OHdG, 8‑hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine
- BAX, bcl-2-associate X
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CAS-3, caspase-3
- Caspase 3
- DSBs, double-stranded breaks
- EP, extrapallial
- Extrapallial fluid
- HSP70
- HSP70, heat shock protein 70
- Heat stress
- Marine mollusks
- PBS, Phosphate buffer saline
- SSBs, single-stranded breaks
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling
- dsDNA breaks
- dsDNA, double-stranded DNA
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
- ssDNA, single-stranded DNA
- γ-H2AX, γ-histone family member X
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Faizur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad Maruf Billah
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Richard J. Kline
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA,Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA,Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Blvd., Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA.
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Deyashi M, Chakraborty SB. Acute exposure to a neem based biopesticide and mahua oil cake changes haemocyte parameters in freshwater crab, Varuna litterata (Decapoda, Crustacea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:505-517. [PMID: 36265743 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Present study aims to evaluate the immunotoxic effects of two biopesticides, Nimbecidine Plus (a neem biopesticide) and mahua oil cake (MOC) on the haemocyte populations of a freshwater crab, Varuna litterata after acute exposure. Four-day static renewal bioassay test was performed where sixteen healthy adult male crabs were exposed to 96-h LC50 values of Nimbecidine Plus (0.006284 ppt) and MOC aqueous extract (7.631 ppt) separately in the laboratory condition. Control groups were maintained throughout the experimental period without any biopesticide exposure. Various haemocyte parameters such as total count (THC), differential count (DHC), haemocyte density, cytomorphological anomalies and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured in the biopesticides-exposed and control crabs after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure. After treatment with Nimbecidine Plus and MOC, several cytomorphological deformities (cytoplasmic and nuclear membrane disintegration, chromatin condensation, pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, nuclear vacuolation, altered cell shape, cellular coagulation, cytoplasmic discharge, vacuolation) were observed in hyalinocytes, small granule haemocytes and large granule haemocytes with modulation of their relative percentages at different exposure times. THC, DHC, haemocyte density and ROS levels were significantly altered (p < 0.05) in biopesticides-exposed crabs at different exposure periods. The toxicity of both biopesticides did not persist throughout the entire exposure time. Nimbecidine Plus exhibited nonlinear toxic impacts on different haemocyte parameters at initial, mid and higher exposure periods whereas MOC showed linear toxic effects mostly at initial exposure time. In comparison to MOC, Nimbecidine Plus showed higher immunotoxic effects in V. litterata. Outcome of this experiment might provide useful information to understand the immune responses of V. litterata against biopesticide toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintu Deyashi
- Department of Zoology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Govt. College, New Town, Kolkata, India; Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Kladchenko E, Gostyukhina O, Soldatov A, Rychkova V, Andreyeva A. Functional changes in hemocytes and antioxidant activity in gills of the ark clam Anadara kagoshimensis (Bivalvia: Arcidae) induced by salinity fluctuations. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 264:110810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Demir E, Kansız S, Doğan M, Topel Ö, Akkoyunlu G, Kandur MY, Turna Demir F. Hazard Assessment of the Effects of Acute and Chronic Exposure to Permethrin, Copper Hydroxide, Acephate, and Validamycin Nanopesticides on the Physiology of Drosophila: Novel Insights into the Cellular Internalization and Biological Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169121. [PMID: 36012388 PMCID: PMC9408976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New insights into the interactions between nanopesticides and edible plants are required in order to elucidate their impacts on human health and agriculture. Nanopesticides include formulations consisting of organic/inorganic nanoparticles. Drosophila melanogaster has become a powerful model in genetic research thanks to its genetic similarity to mammals. This project mainly aimed to generate new evidence for the toxic/genotoxic properties of different nanopesticides (a nanoemulsion (permethrin nanopesticides, 20 ± 5 nm), an inorganic nanoparticle as an active ingredient (copper(II) hydroxide [Cu(OH)2] nanopesticides, 15 ± 6 nm), a polymer-based nanopesticide (acephate nanopesticides, 55 ± 25 nm), and an inorganic nanoparticle associated with an organic active ingredient (validamycin nanopesticides, 1177 ± 220 nm)) and their microparticulate forms (i.e., permethrin, copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O), acephate, and validamycin) widely used against agricultural pests, while also showing the merits of using Drosophila—a non-target in vivo eukaryotic model organism—in nanogenotoxicology studies. Significant biological effects were noted at the highest doses of permethrin (0.06 and 0.1 mM), permethrin nanopesticides (1 and 2.5 mM), CuSO4·5H2O (1 and 5 mM), acephate and acephate nanopesticides (1 and 5 mM, respectively), and validamycin and validamycin nanopesticides (1 and 2.5 mM, respectively). The results demonstrating the toxic/genotoxic potential of these nanopesticides through their impact on cellular internalization and gene expression represent significant contributions to future nanogenotoxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eşref Demir
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya 07190, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-242-245-0088; Fax: +90-242-245-0100
| | - Seyithan Kansız
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara 07100, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Doğan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli 39100, Turkey
| | - Önder Topel
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Akkoyunlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Yusuf Kandur
- Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, İstanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Fatma Turna Demir
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya 07190, Turkey
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12
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Liang X, Wang X, Cheng J, Zhang X, Wu T. Ag 2Se quantum dots damage the nervous system of nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:279-285. [PMID: 35670839 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Silver selenide quantum dots (Ag2Se QDs), as a novel type of QDs, are valuable in the biomedical application due to their low-toxic and excellent optical property in near infrared region, but the biosafety assessment of Ag2Se QDs is rare. In this study, the findings suggested that the accumulation of Ag2Se QDs in the body of nematodes decreased the lifespan and damaged normal neurobehaviors of Caenorhabditis elegan (C. elegans). Furthermore, Ag2Se QDs caused excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) productions and altered expressions of several genes associated with redox equilibrium, which might contribute to neurotoxic outcomes in nematode C. elegans. According to this study, it is necessary and important for researchers to pay attention to the biosafety assessment of presumed low-toxic nanomaterials, like Ag2Se QDs, especially on sensitively toxic targets, i.e. the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, P. R. China.
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13
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Gong J, Li Q, Yu H, Liu S, Kong L. Effects of low salinity on hemolymph osmolality and transcriptome of the Iwagaki oyster, Crassostrea nippona. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:211-216. [PMID: 35636697 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Crassostrea nippona is a kind of oysters with great development value as it can be edible in summer for its late reproductive period. Salinity is one of the important limiting abiotic factors to the survival and distribution of this stenohaline species. To better understand the physiological and immunological response of C. nippona to varying environmental salinities, the effects of low salinity on the hemolymph osmolality and gill transcriptome were investigated in this study. The osmolality of hemolymph in vivo and surrounding water were assessed regularly over one week at five test salinities ranging from 5 psμ to 30 psμ. They reached osmotic equilibrium within hours above 15 psμ but remained hyperosmotic at 10 and 5 psμ for the whole sampling period. Through comparative transcriptome analysis, there were less differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pairwise comparison of S1 (10 psμ) vs S3 (30 psμ) than in S2 (20 psμ) vs S3. KEGG enrichment analysis identified ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway specifically enriched at 10 psμ. This study gained comprehensive insights on the low salinity response of C. nippona at the molecular level, which provide a theoretical basis for understanding the immune mechanism under low salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Gong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 66003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 66003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 66003, China
| | - Shikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 66003, China
| | - Lingfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 66003, China
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Afsa S, De Marco G, Giannetto A, Parrino V, Cappello T, Ben Mansour H, Maisano M. Histological endpoints and oxidative stress transcriptional responses in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to realistic doses of salicylic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103855. [PMID: 35342010 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of analytic data, little is known about the toxicity of salicylic acid (SA) on aquatic non-target organisms. The present study aimed at evaluating the impact of SA through a short-term exposure of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to five environmentally relevant concentrations of SA. A set of suitable biomarkers was applied at selected time-points on mussel digestive glands, including histological observations and expression of oxidative stress related genes. The obtained results showed a conspicuous hemocytic infiltration among mussel digestive tubules, as confirmed also by a flow cytometric approach that revealed an increase of halinocytes and granulocytes. Interestingly, a significant dose and time dependent decrease in the expression levels of oxidative stress related genes was found in mussels exposed to SA except for the glutathione S-transferase gene that was significantly up-regulated in a time-dependent manner confirming its important role against oxidant species and in the metabolism of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Afsa
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to The Environment - APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Marco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Alessia Giannetto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Parrino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy.
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to The Environment - APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
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15
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Li J, Tian Y, Li X, Zuo J, Zhao R, Sun J. Insulin-like signaling promotes limb regeneration in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 122:268-275. [PMID: 35134516 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the pond culture of Chinese mitten crabs, limb autotomy seriously affects the feeding efficiency, immunity and survival. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanism of limb regeneration of mitten crabs, so that culture strategies could be developed to reduce the limb impairment rate. The insulin-like signaling (ILS) pathway is evolutionarily conserved, and plays key roles in the growth and immunity of various species. In this study, a full-length cDNA of insulin-like receptor (EsInR) was identified from Eriocheir sinensis, and its mRNA expression patterns during limb regeneration was evaluated. The cDNA of EsInR includes a 4326 bp ORF encoding a protein of 1441 amino acids, with conserved α-and β-subunits. The EsInR and genes related to ILS were found to be upregulated during limb regeneration, which indicated that ILS plays a key role in limb regeneration of E. sinensis. Our experiment revealed that inhibition of ILS through injection of the InR inhibitor GSK1838705A at the blastema formation stage significantly reduced the limb regeneration rate compared to control group. In addition, injection of GSK1838705A also reduced the size of newly formed limbs after the molting cycle. Furthermore, we found that genes related to myogenesis were downregulated following injection of InR inhibitor both before and after molting. The results also indicated that cyclins and CDK1 were downregulated, while CKIs were upregulated following treatment with the InR inhibitor. These results suggest that ILS regulates limb regeneration in E. sinensis by promoting muscle growth and regeneration in response to autotomy stress. Thus, we identified a conserved insulin-like receptor in E. sinensis, and provide new evidence for the involvement of ILS in the regulation of limb autotomy and regeneration in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Li
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Yuxin Tian
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jinmei Zuo
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Ruihao Zhao
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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Haddaji N, Chakroun I, Fdhila K, Smati H, Bakhrouf A, Mzoughi R. Pathogenic Impacts of Bacillus cereus Strains on Crassostrea gigas. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:151-158. [PMID: 35029524 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regarding the economic importance of bivalve farming, a great deal of interest has recently been devoted to studying the pathogenesis of infectious diseases of these mollusks to prepare for public health emergencies. Bacillus cereus is one of these pathogens; it is a ubiquitous soil bacterium responsible for many types of gastrointestinal diseases associated with food. This study was conducted to determine the pathogenic effect of B. cereus on Crassostrea gigas. This effect was studied by assessing hemocytes death using flow cytometry analysis. The results showed that only ∼15% of C. gigas were able to survive after B. cereus artificial infection with 108 CFU (colony-forming unit)/oyster. Evenly, the percentage of nonviable hemocytes gradually increased with the concentration of B. cereus, with a peak value of ∼40% after infection. Indeed, findings showed that this strain is harmful to C. gigas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Haddaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ibtissem Chakroun
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kais Fdhila
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hela Smati
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amina Bakhrouf
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Mzoughi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
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17
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Parrino V, Costa G, Giannetto A, De Marco G, Cammilleri G, Acar Ü, Piccione G, Fazio F. Trace elements (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Tapes decussatus from Faro and Ganzirri Lakes (Sicily, Italy): Flow cytometry applied for hemocytes analysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126870. [PMID: 34601281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trace elements present in sessile molluscs, are important because they are used in human consumption and it has significantly increased in recent years. While their filtering of the water can lead to their build-up of organic and inorganic materials that can be sampled and analyzed, this can also lead to bioaccumulation of harmful substances, such as essential and non-essential elements, that can harm the human health if in taken in high concentrations or for a long period of time. METHODS In the present study, the trace metal content (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) of two sessile crustaceans, 20 Mytilus galloprovincialis (mussel) and 20 Tapes decussatus (clam) in Faro and Ganzirri Lakes (Messina, Sicily, Italy) were analyzed. Haemolymph samples were taken on both molluscs in order to analyze the haemocyte population by flow cytometric analysis. Unpaired t-tests were used to determine significant differences for the essential and non-essential metallic elements concentrations in the lake waters and in the tissues of M. galloprovincialis and T. decussatus and for hemocyte populations R1 (halinocytes) and R2 (granulocytes). RESULTS The results suggested that that in Faro Lake, the tissue Al, Cr and Pb levels in M. galloprovincialis were higher than those for T. decussatus, in contrast to Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd, which were higher in T. decussatus. Unpaired t-tests showed that there were significantly higher proportions of halinocytes in M. galloprovincialis versus T. decussatus for both Faro Lake (41.8 % vs. 24.3 %; P < 0.001) and Ganzirri Lake (43.0 % vs. 22.4 %; P < 0.001). In contrast, while there were significantly higher proportions of granulocytes in Faro Lake (21.2 % vs. 9.1 %; P < 0.001), this difference was not seen for the granulocytes of M. galloprovincialis versus T. decussatus in Ganzirri Lake (9.6 % vs. 13.0 %). CONCLUSION This study shows that M. galloprovincialis and T. decussatus can indeed bioaccumulate some of these metal, such that activation of the immune responses is specific to certain cell types. Future research must focus on the balance of trace elements in the consumption of these shellfish, and analyzes with more sophisticated tools can be used to diagnose the increased concentration of trace elements and the quantification of trace metals from shellfish to clams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Parrino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Gregorio Costa
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Giannetto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Marco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cammilleri
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Ümit Acar
- Bayramiç Vocational School, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, 17100, Turkey
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
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18
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Jebara A, Lo Turco V, Faggio C, Licata P, Nava V, Potortì AG, Crupi R, Mansour HB, Di Bella G. Monitoring of Environmental Hg Occurrence in Tunisian Coastal Areas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5202. [PMID: 34068387 PMCID: PMC8153593 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Total mercury (Hg) was determined in 450 environmental samples (seawater, sediment plant and fish) from five Mahdia coastal areas (Tunisia). Tolerable Weekly Intake% (TWI) values, according to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), were calculated based on the average metal concentration in fish and the average weekly fish consumption rate. Hg was accumulated mainly in fish and in Posidonia oceanica leaves. Hg in sediment ranged from 1.88 μg/kg dry weight (d.w.) to 7.48 μg/kg d.w., while it was between 0.32 μg/kg and 0.19 μg/kg in seawaters. Our study showed high concentration in Posidonia oceanica in S3 (plant = 16.76 ± 4.48 μg/kg d.w.) as compared to those in S4 sites (plant = 5.33 ± 0.05 μg/kg d.w.). Concentrations for S. aurata and S. salpa in the Rejiche area exceeded the EC 1881/2006 legislation with values of 1.9 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively, and consumers may be exposed to high concentrations of Hg that exceeds the EFSA. The results showed that the fish species should be constantly monitored due to their TWI% of 154.5% for S. aurata and 209.8% S. salpa respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Jebara
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to Environmental, APAE UR17ES32 Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (A.J.); (H.B.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Lo Turco
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (V.N.); (A.G.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Licata
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nava
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (V.N.); (A.G.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Angela Giorgia Potortì
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (V.N.); (A.G.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to Environmental, APAE UR17ES32 Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (A.J.); (H.B.M.)
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (V.N.); (A.G.P.); (G.D.B.)
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Shi W, Li Y, Dong Y, Xin M, Zhang X, Xu Q. The effect of ocean acidification on the enzyme activity of Apostichopus japonicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 108:1-6. [PMID: 33197584 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The influence of ocean acidification (OA) is particularly significant on calcifying organisms. The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is an important cultured calcifying organism in the northern China seas. Little was known about the effects of OA on this economically important species. In this study, individuals from embryo to juveniles stage of A. japonicus, cultured in different levels of acidified seawater, were measured their enzymes activities, including five metabolic enzymes and three immune enzymes. The activity of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly lower in the severely acid group (pH 7.1), while the content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly higher. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly lower in the severely acid group. The multivariate statistical results showed that the significant difference of enzyme assemblage existed among three experimental groups. This study indicated that OA could reduce the biomineralization capacity, influence the anaerobic metabolism and severely affect the immune process of A. japonicas. More researches are needed in the future to reveal the mechanisms of enzyme regulation and expression of A. japonicas underlying mixture environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenge Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Yue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Ming Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Qinzeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
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20
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Kim JH, Lee HM, Cho YG, Shin JS, You JW, Choi KS, Hong HK. Flow cytometric characterization of the hemocytes of blood cockles Anadara broughtonii (Schrenck, 1867), Anadara kagoshimensis (Lischke, 1869), and Tegillarca granosa (Linnaeus, 1758) as a biomarker for coastal environmental monitoring. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111654. [PMID: 33181933 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine bivalves are often used as a sentinel species in coastal environmental monitoring since changes in the environmental quality are often well preserved in their cells and tissues. Anadara and Tegillarca species of Arcidae, the blood cockles, are considered to be good sentinel species in monitoring coastal pollution and ecosystem health because they are distributed widely in the subsurface of intertidal mudflats. Internal cellular defense of the blood cockles to physical and biological stresses is mediated by the circulating hemocytes, while their hemocyte types and functions are poorly studied. In this study, we first characterized morphology and immune-related activities of hemocytes of three common blood cockles Anadara broughtonii, A. kagoshimensis, and Tegillarca granosa using flow cytometry. Based on cell morphology and immunological functions, we described five types of hemocytes identically in the three blood cockles: erythrocytes type-I (erythrocytes-I), erythrocytes type-II (erythrocytes-II), granulocytes, hyalinocytes, and blast-like cells. Erythrocytes were round cells containing hemoglobin with numerous granules in the cytoplasm and these cells consist of two central populations. Erythrocytes-I were the most abundant cells accounting for 80-89% of the total circulating hemocytes and exhibited a certain level of lysosome and oxidative capacity. Erythrocytes-II were the largest cells and displayed high lysosome content and the most active oxidative capacity. Both erythrocytes-I and erythrocytes-II did not show phagocytosis capacity. Granulocytes were intermediated-sized hemocytes characterized by granules in the cytoplasm and long pseudopodia on the cell surface, and these cells were mainly engaged in the cellular defense exhibiting the largest lysosome content, the most active phagocytosis, and high oxidative capacity. Contrary to granulocytes, hyalinocytes were comparatively small and round cells and exhibited no granules in the cytoplasm. Hyalinocytes displayed a certain level of lysosome and phagocytosis and oxidative capacities. Blast-like cells characterized by the smallest size and small quantity of cytoplasm and exhibited an absence of phagocytosis and extremely low oxidative capacity, suggesting that this population is not directly involved in the cell-mediated immune activities. In conclusion, flow cytometry indicated that three blood cockles had five types of hemocytes, and the erythrocytes and granulocytes were mainly involved in the immunological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hwa Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 PLUS) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 PLUS) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ghan Cho
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 PLUS) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seop Shin
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 PLUS) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won You
- Korea Institute of Coastal Ecology, Inc., Bucheon 14449, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Choi
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 PLUS) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ki Hong
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 PLUS) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Heterometrus Spinifer: An Untapped Source of Anti-Tumor Molecules. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070150. [PMID: 32630812 PMCID: PMC7408436 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite intensive research, cancer incidence and mortality continue to rise. Consequently, the necessity to develop effective anti-cancer therapy is apparent. We have recently shown that the gut bacteria of animals living in polluted environments, such as crocodiles, are a potential source of novel anti-tumor molecules. To extend this work to other resilient species, we investigated the anti-tumor effects of gut bacteria of Heterometrus spinifer (a scorpion). Bacteria from the feces and gut were isolated, identified and evaluated for their anti-tumor effects. Bacterial-conditioned media was prepared in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 media, and cytotoxicity and growth inhibitory properties were examined against cervical (HeLa) cancer cells. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was conducted to establish the identity of the molecules. Eighteen bacteria species from the gut (HSG01-18) and ten bacteria species from feces (HSF01-10) were tested for anti-tumor effects. Bacterial-conditioned media from scorpion gut and feces exhibited significant growth inhibitory effects against HeLa cells of 66.9% and 83.8%, respectively. Microscopic analysis of cancer cells treated with conditioned media HSG12 and HSG16 revealed apoptosis-like effects. HSG12 was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and HSG16 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. Both conditioned media exhibited 100% growth inhibitory effects versus a selection of cancer cells, comprising cervical, breast and prostate cancer cells. LC–MS indicated the presence of 72 and 38 compounds, detected from HSG12 and HSG16, respectively. Out of these compounds, 47 were successfully identified while the remainder were unidentified and are possibly novel. This study suggests that the fecal and gut microbiota of scorpions might possess molecules with anti-cancer properties, however, further intensive research is needed to assess these expectations.
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Pikula K, Chaika V, Zakharenko A, Savelyeva A, Kirsanova I, Anisimova A, Golokhvast K. Toxicity of Carbon, Silicon, and Metal-Based Nanoparticles to the Hemocytes of Three Marine Bivalves. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050827. [PMID: 32397595 PMCID: PMC7278372 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The growing nanotechnology industry disposes of a variety of nanoparticles with different physiochemical properties in everyday life. However, the dependence of the safety and toxicity of nanoparticles on their physicochemical properties remains unclear. Bivalve molluscs represent an efficient model for the investigation of nanoparticle toxicity owing to their filtrating ability and feeding on particles suspended in the water. Moreover, the blood cells of bivalve molluscs, the hemocytes, have been suggested as a good analog test-object to mammalian immune cells, phagocytes. In this study, we used hemocytes of three marine bivalve species, namely, Crenomytilus grayanus, Modiolus modiolus, and Arca boucardi, to evaluate and compare the toxic effects of 10 different types of nanoparticles. We gave short-term exposure of the nanoparticles to the hemocytes and registered viability and changes in their cell membrane polarization by employing flow cytometry. Metal-based nanoparticles were the most toxic to the cells of all three tested bivalve mollusc species. However, the sensitivity to different nanoparticle types varied between species. Moreover, the registered cell membrane depolarization indicated an early toxic response and raised concern that chronic long-term exposure of nanoparticles (even if they were previously declared as safe) is a serious threat for aquatic organisms. Abstract Nanoparticles (NPs) have broad applications in medicine, cosmetics, optics, catalysis, environmental purification, and other areas nowadays. With increasing annual production of NPs, the risks of their harmful influence on the environment and human health are also increasing. Currently, our knowledge about the mechanisms of the interaction between NPs and living organisms is limited. The marine species and their habitat environment are under continuous stress owing to the anthropogenic activities, which result in the release of NPs in the aquatic environment. We used a bioassay model with hemocytes of three bivalve mollusc species, namely, Crenomytilus grayanus, Modiolus modiolus, and Arca boucardi, to evaluate the toxicity of 10 different types of NPs. Specifically, we compared the cytotoxic effects and cell-membrane polarization changes in the hemocytes exposed to carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, silicon nanotubes, cadmium and zinc sulfides, Au-NPs, and TiO2 NPs. Viability and the changes in hemocyte membrane polarization were measured by the flow cytometry method. The highest aquatic toxicity was registered for metal-based NPs, which caused cytotoxicity to the hemocytes of all the studied bivalve species. Our results also highlighted different sensitivities of the used tested mollusc species to specific NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Pikula
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, School of Engineering, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia; (V.C.); (A.Z.); (K.G.)
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, B.Morskaya 42-44, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladimir Chaika
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, School of Engineering, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia; (V.C.); (A.Z.); (K.G.)
| | - Alexander Zakharenko
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, School of Engineering, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia; (V.C.); (A.Z.); (K.G.)
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, B.Morskaya 42-44, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Savelyeva
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.S.); (I.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Irina Kirsanova
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.S.); (I.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Anna Anisimova
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.S.); (I.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Kirill Golokhvast
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, School of Engineering, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia; (V.C.); (A.Z.); (K.G.)
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, B.Morskaya 42-44, 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Pacific Geographical Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Radio 7, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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Hernández-Méndez LS, Castro-Longoria E, Araujo-Palomares CL, García-Esquivel Z, Castellanos-Martínez S. Hemocyte cell types of the Cortes Geoduck, Panopea globosa (Dall 1898), from the Gulf of California, Mexico. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:230-237. [PMID: 32169664 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The geoduck Panopea globosa is an endemic and economic valuable species from the Mexican Northwest coast whose biology has been little studied. No information exists about their hemocytes to date, which is highly important to assess the welfare of wild and cultured organisms. In this study, hemocytes of adult P. globosa were characterized at the morphological, ultrastructural and functional level. The mean number of hemocytes in the hemolymph of P. globosa was 6 × 105 ± 2 × 105 cells mL-1. The cells were identified as granulocytes (Gr) and hyalinocytes (H). The former accounted for 28% of adhered cells in the hemolymph, measured 6-18 μm, showed numerous basophilic granules in the cytoplasm, with round and eccentric nuclei, and a nucleus:cytoplasm ratio of 0.44 ± 0.01. Hyalinocytes were the most abundant cells in the hemolymph of P. globosa (72% adhered cells) and were subdivided, according to their size, in small (Hs) 4-12 μm and large (HL) 6-18 μm. Hyalinocytes were eosinophilic round or ovoid cells with a central or eccentric nucleus, few or no granules in the cytoplasm and similar nucleus:cytoplasm ratio (Hs: 0.63 and HL: 061). Lysosomes and lipids were observed in Gr, while carbohydrates were the most abundant energy substrate in H. Both hemocytic cell types, mainly Gr, were capable to ingest particles and yield superoxide (P > 0.05). The present study shows for the first time the cell types, abundance and immune activities of hemocytes present in the hemolymph of P. globosa. This information provides a useful baseline to carry out further research on the cellular immune response of the clam to potential pathogens or changes in environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Hernández-Méndez
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3917, Fraccionamiento Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - E Castro-Longoria
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - C L Araujo-Palomares
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3917, Fraccionamiento Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Z García-Esquivel
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3917, Fraccionamiento Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - S Castellanos-Martínez
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3917, Fraccionamiento Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
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Lin G, Zheng M, Gao D, Li S, Fang W, Huang J, Xie J, Liu J, Liu Y, Li Z, Lu J. Hypoosmotic stress induced tissue-specific immune responses of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) revealed by transcriptomic analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:473-482. [PMID: 32070785 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a limiting factor for many marine organisms, including fishes. The shift in the ambient salinity can cause osmotic stress and arouse immune responses in fish. In this study, yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus), a euryhaline marine teleost, was used to investigate immune responses of different tissues (gill, liver, and muscle) under hypoosmotic stress. Comparative transcriptomic and physiological analyses of three tissues were conducted after fish exposed to the fresh water (FW, salinity = 0 ppt), low-saline water (LW, salinity = 3 ppt), and brackish water (BW, salinity = 6 ppt) for 8 days. The results showed that hypoosmotic stress dramatically altered the gene expression of three tissues in yellowfin seabream; The investigation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to osmoregulation and immune response indicated that T cell-mediate immunity pathways were essential to tackle such stress. In terms of tissues, gill was found to be the most sensitive tissue under hypoosmotic stress by enhancing of Na+K+-ATPase activity and preventing the loss of Na+ and K+; Liver, on the other hand, was under the most sever oxidative stress indicated by the fluctuation of SOD, CAT activities and the MDA content; In contrast, muscle had the least osmoregulation and immune related response. We also identified several potential candidate genes, which may serve as gene indicators to identify the stressor. Overall, this study provides preliminary mechanistic insights into hypoosmotic stress adaption of aquatic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genmei Lin
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Min Zheng
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Dong Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Shizhu Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Wenyu Fang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Jingui Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Jingxiong Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Yijing Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Zhaohong Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Jianguo Lu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China.
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Zhang J, Guo W, Li Q, Sun F, Xu X, Xu H. Discriminant Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Properties Based on Holistic Chemical Profiling by 1H-NMR Spectrometry. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:3141340. [PMID: 32215034 PMCID: PMC7085404 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3141340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal property, which is closely related to drug chemical profiling, is the essence of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory and has always been the focus of modern Chinese medicine. Based on dozens of classic and commonly used TCM herbs with recognized medicinal properties, the present study just aimed to investigate the feasibility and reliability of medicinal property discriminant by using 1H-NMR spectrometry, which provided a mass of spectral data showing holistic chemical profile for multivariate analysis and data mining, including principal component analysis (PCA), Fisher linear discriminant analysis (FLDA), and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). By using FLDA for two-class recognition, a large majority of test herbs (59/61) were properly discriminated as cold or hot group, and the only two exceptions were Chuanbeimu (Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus) and Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex), suggesting that medicinal properties interrelate with flavor and body tropism, and all these factors together bring up medicinal property and efficacy. While by performing CDA, 98.4% of the original grouped herbs and 77.0% of the leave-one-out cross-validated grouped cases were correctly classified. The findings demonstrated that discriminant analysis based on holistic chemical profiling data by 1H-NMR spectrometry may provide a powerful alternative to have a deeper understanding of TCM medicinal property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenna Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Qiao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Faxin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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26
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The Impact of a Fish Cannery Wastewater Discharge on the Bacterial Community Structure and Sanitary Conditions of Marine Coastal Sediments. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of fish cannery discharge (FCD) on bacteria in marine coastal sediments were investigated. Redox potentials were measured, and granulometry was determined by wet ASTM sieving, and with the Sedigraph method. Prokaryotic abundance (PA) was determined by epifluorescence microscopy (DAPI staining), and faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) enumerated with the multiple test tube and most probable number method. Total lipids were determined gravimetrically, and sterols analysed by GC/MSD. Bacterial community composition was determined after total DNA isolation, Illumina MiSeq amplification, and SILVAngs processing pipeline. The FCD was rich in lipids, heterotrophic prokaryotes and FIB. The bacterial community of the FCD was dominated by Firmicutes and Gammaproteobacteria and many potentially pathogenic bacteria. Highly porosusgravelly sands clogged with fish remains transitioned to less permeable sandy muds away from the FCD. All sediments were anoxic with extremely negative potentials around the outfall. High surface PA and FIB spread 300 m from the outfall. Gammaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria appeared in all sediments. Sulfurovum and Anaerolineaceae characterized the most polluted locations where gammaproteobacterial Woeseiaceae/JTB255 marine benthic group declined. Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes characterized surface sediments, while Chloroflexi and Deltaproteobacteria prevailed in deeper layers. The FCD enriched sediments in lipids and allochthonous bacteria degrading sanitary quality, lowering the permeability, redox potential, and bacterial diversity.
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27
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Savoca S, Capillo G, Mancuso M, Faggio C, Panarello G, Crupi R, Bonsignore M, D'Urso L, Compagnini G, Neri F, Fazio E, Romeo T, Bottari T, Spanò N. Detection of artificial cellulose microfibers in Boops boops from the northern coasts of Sicily (Central Mediterranean). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:455-465. [PMID: 31323590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pollution deriving from textile wastes, including industrial and household waste, is recently of great interest due to their environmental impacts. Anthropogenic and synthetic fibers are responsible for negative effects on the quality of water and soil, and, also, their presence damages plant and animal health. In this work, the authors revealed the occurrence of man-made cellulose fibers in specimens of Boops boops from the Northern Sicilian coasts. Bogue was chosen as target species as it has been used as an indicator within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD 2008/56/EC) in order to value the "microplastics status" in the stomach contents. Of the 30 specimens examined, 63.3% of these had ingested fibers items. The number of fibers ranged from 1 to 10 per specimens with an average of 2.7 items/specimen. Fibers length ranged from 0.5 to 30 mm, most of them were black (95%), and a small percentage was red (5%). The ingestion of man-made cellulose fibers, observed for the first time, in Boops boops in the Mediterranean Sea wake-up call and it should attract the attention of the EU for new guidelines where this new type of contaminant is classified harmful as well as plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Savoca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Monique Mancuso
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM) - CNR Section of Messina, Spianata San Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Centro Interdipartimentale della Sicilia, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Panarello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Martina Bonsignore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Luisa D'Urso
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Compagnini
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Science and Earth Science, Messina University, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Science and Earth Science, Messina University, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Romeo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Centro Interdipartimentale della Sicilia, Italy; Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, ISPRA, 98057, Milazzo, (ME), Italy
| | - Teresa Bottari
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM) - CNR Section of Messina, Spianata San Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Centro Interdipartimentale della Sicilia, Italy
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy
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Świacka K, Maculewicz J, Smolarz K, Szaniawska A, Caban M. Mytilidae as model organisms in the marine ecotoxicology of pharmaceuticals - A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113082. [PMID: 31472454 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Growing production and consumption of pharmaceuticals is a global problem. Due to insufficient data on the concentration and distribution of pharmaceuticals in the marine environment, there are no appropriate legal regulations concerning their emission. In order to understand all aspects of the fate of pharmaceuticals in the marine environment and their effect on marine biota, it is necessary to find the most appropriate model organism for this purpose. This paper presents an overview of the ecotoxicological studies of pharmaceuticals, regarding the assessment of Mytilidae as suitable organisms for biomonitoring programs and toxicity tests. The use of mussels in the monitoring of pharmaceuticals allows the observation of changes in the concentration and distribution of these compounds. This in turn gives valuable information on the amount of pharmaceutical pollutants released into the environment in different areas. In this context, information necessary for the assessment of risks related to pharmaceuticals in the marine environment are provided based on what effective management procedures can be developed. However, the accumulation capacity of individual Mytilidae species, the bioavailability of pharmaceuticals and their biological effects should be further scrutinized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Świacka
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Smolarz
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Anna Szaniawska
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Espinosa Ruiz C, Morghese M, Renda G, Gugliandolo C, Esteban MA, Santulli A, Messina CM. Effects of BDE-47 exposure on immune-related parameters of Mytilus galloprovincialis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 215:105266. [PMID: 31401474 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The persistent pollutants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been demonstrated to produce several negative effects on marine organisms. Although Mytilus galloprovincialis was extensively studied as model system, the effects of PBDEs on the innate immune system of mussels remains unclear. In this study, except for the control treatment, specimens of M. galloprovincialis were fed with microalgae treated with increasing concentrations of PBDEs (maximum level 100 ng L-1 of BDE-47 per day). BDE-47 treatment was maintained for 15 days and then the animals were fed with the same control diet, without contaminants, for 15 days. Samples of haemolymph (HL) were obtained at T0, T15 and T30 days of the experiment to evaluate different parameters related to immunity, such as neutral red retention time, and peroxidase, protease, antiprotease, lysozyme and bactericidal activities. BDE-47 exposure for 15 days affected both the stability of haemocytes and humoral parameters. In addition, the obtained results indicated that, at 30 days, after 15 days of culture without contaminant, the immune parameters were still affected, as some of them did not return to the basal levels, and others remained stimulated. Overall the results indicate that BDE-47 exposures at environmentally realistic levels may affect various aspects of immune function in M. galloprovincialis, acting as stressor that can compromise the general welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal Espinosa Ruiz
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Sea Science, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Maria Morghese
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Sea Science, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Renda
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Sea Science, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Concetta Gugliandolo
- University of Messina, Dept. of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Messina University, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - M A Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Dept. Cell Biology and Histology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, Spain
| | - Andrea Santulli
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Sea Science, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy; Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Marine Biology Institute, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Concetta M Messina
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Sea Science, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy.
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Bottari T, Savoca S, Mancuso M, Capillo G, GiuseppePanarello G, MartinaBonsignore M, Crupi R, Sanfilippo M, D'Urso L, Compagnini G, Neri F, Romeo T, Luna GM, Spanò N, Fazio E. Plastics occurrence in the gastrointestinal tract of Zeus faber and Lepidopus caudatus from the Tyrrhenian Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:408-416. [PMID: 31426175 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the occurrence of plastic pollution in two commercially important marine teleosts (Zeus faber and Lepidopus caudatus) from the northern coasts of Sicily (Tyrrhenian Sea). Plastics occurrence in the gastrointestinal tract was higher in Lepidopus caudatus (78.1%) than Zeus faber (51.4%). Debris characterization, carried out by micro-Raman spectroscopy, allowed identified the main types of found polymers as: polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), nylon and, to a lesser extent, polyethylene (PE). Of the two fish species studied, the silver scabbardfish appeared to be the more vulnerable to plastic ingestion. Our study represents a starting point that may pave the way for future investigation of the fate, accumulation and transfer of plastic debris to upper trophic levels, to verify their potential toxicity and to better understand strategies to mitigate this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bottari
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM) - CNR, Spianata San Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Centro Interdipartimentale della Sicilia, Italy
| | - Serena Savoca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Monique Mancuso
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM) - CNR, Spianata San Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Centro Interdipartimentale della Sicilia, Italy
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe GiuseppePanarello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Martina MartinaBonsignore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marilena Sanfilippo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Luisa D'Urso
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Compagnini
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Science and Earth Science, Messina University, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Romeo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Centro Interdipartimentale della Sicilia, Italy; Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, ISPRA, 98057, Milazzo (ME), Italy
| | - Gian Marco Luna
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM) - CNR, Spianata San Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy; Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM) - CNR, Section of Ancona, Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy.
| | - Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Science and Earth Science, Messina University, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Hwang C, Chang CH, Burch M, Fernandes M, Kildea T. Effects of Epiphytes and Depth on Seagrass Spectral Profiles: Case Study of Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152701. [PMID: 31362358 PMCID: PMC6696022 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses are a crucial indicator species of coastal marine ecosystems that provide substratum, shelter, and food for epiphytic algae, invertebrates, and fishes. More accurate mapping of seagrasses is essential for their survival as a long-lasting natural resource. Before reflectance spectra could properly be used as remote sensing endmembers, factors that may obscure the detection of reflectance signals must be assessed. The objectives in this study are to determine the influence of (1) epiphytes, (2) water depth, and (3) seagrass genus on the detection of reflectance spectral signals. The results show that epiphytes significantly dampen bottom-type reflectance throughout most of the visible light spectrum, excluding 670–679 nm; the depth does influence reflectance, with the detection of deeper seagrasses being easier, and as the depth increases, only Heterozostera increase in the exact “red edge” wavelength at which there is a rapid change in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. These findings helped improve the detection of seagrass endmembers during remote sensing, thereby helping protect the natural resource of seagrasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charnsmorn Hwang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung Chung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hua Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung Chung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
- Global Water Quality Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
| | - Michael Burch
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Milena Fernandes
- Australian Water Quality Centre, SA Water, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Tim Kildea
- Australian Water Quality Centre, SA Water, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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Andreyeva AY, Efremova ES, Kukhareva TA. Morphological and functional characterization of hemocytes in cultivated mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and effect of hypoxia on hemocyte parameters. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:361-367. [PMID: 30974218 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The circulating hemocytes of cultivated marine mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were investigated using light microscopy and flow cytometry. In mussels two cell types, granulocytes and agranulocytes, were identified based on the existence of two subpopulations of cells differing by size and granularity level on light-scattered plots. Light microscopic observation confirmed the presence of cells with cytoplasmic granules and cells without granulation in hemolymph of mussels. The main type of cells in hemolymph were agranular cells amounting 78.4 ± 8.9% in mussels. Flow cytometry showed that the agranular hemocytes of the mollusks produce significantly less reactive oxygen species compared to granulocytes. Mussel were exposed for 24 h of hypoxia and immune functions including hemocyte mortality, proliferation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were analysed using flow cytometric methods. Granulocyte number was higher at low oxygen concentration than that at normoxia; agranulocytes number decreased, in contrast. The ROS production after hypoxic treatment was decreased compared to normoxia level. No significant changes in hemocyte mortality and proliferation were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Andreyeva
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave 14, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - E S Efremova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave 14, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - T A Kukhareva
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave 14, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Biogeographical Patterns of Endolithic Infestation in an Invasive and an Indigenous Intertidal Marine Ecosystem Engineer. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11050075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
By altering the phenotypic properties of their hosts, endolithic parasites can modulate the engineering processes of marine ecosystem engineers. Here, we assessed the biogeographical patterns of species assemblages, prevalence and impact of endolithic parasitism in two mussel species that act as important ecosystem engineers in the southern African intertidal habitat, Perna perna and Mytilus galloprovincialis. We conducted large-scale surveys across three biogeographic regions along the South African coast: the subtropical east coast, dominated by the indigenous mussel, P. perna, the warm temperate south coast, where this species coexists with the invasive Mediterranean mussel, M. galloprovincialis, and the cool temperate west coast dominated by M. galloprovincialis. Infestation increased with mussel size, and in the case of M. galloprovincialis we found a significantly higher infestation in the cool temperate bioregion than the warm temperate region. For P. perna, the prevalence of infestation was higher on the warm temperate than the subtropical region, though the difference was marginally non-significant. On the south coast, there was no significant difference in infestation prevalence between species. Endolith-induced mortality rates through shell collapse mirrored the patterns for prevalence. For P. perna, endolith species assemblages revealed clear grouping by bioregions. Our findings indicate that biogeography affects cyanobacteria species composition, but differences between biogeographic regions in their effects are driven by environmental conditions.
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