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Rbbani G, Murshed R, Siriyappagouder P, Sharko F, Nedoluzhko A, Joshi R, Galindo-Villegas J, Raeymaekers JAM, Fernandes JMO. Embryonic temperature has long-term effects on muscle circRNA expression and somatic growth in Nile tilapia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1369758. [PMID: 39149515 PMCID: PMC11324953 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1369758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryonic temperature has a lasting impact on muscle phenotype in vertebrates, involving complex molecular mechanisms that encompass both protein-coding and non-coding genes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of regulatory RNAs that play important roles in various biological processes, but the effect of variable thermal conditions on the circRNA transcriptome and its long-term impact on muscle growth plasticity remains largely unexplored. To fill this knowledge gap, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of circRNAs in fast muscle of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) subjected to different embryonic temperatures (24°C, 28°C and 32°C) and then reared at a common temperature (28°C) for 4 months. Nile tilapia embryos exhibited faster development and subsequently higher long-term growth at 32°C compared to those reared at 28°C and 24°C. Next-generation sequencing data revealed a total of 5,141 unique circRNAs across all temperature groups, of which 1,604, 1,531, and 1,169 circRNAs were exclusively found in the 24°C, 28°C and 32°C groups, respectively. Among them, circNexn exhibited a 1.7-fold (log2) upregulation in the 24°C group and a 1.3-fold (log2) upregulation in the 32°C group when compared to the 28°C group. Conversely, circTTN and circTTN_b were downregulated in the 24°C groups compared to their 28°C and 32°C counterparts. Furthermore, these differentially expressed circRNAs were found to have multiple interactions with myomiRs, highlighting their potential as promising candidates for further investigation in the context of muscle growth plasticity. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that may underlie muscle growth plasticity in response to thermal variation in fish, with important implications in the context of climate change, fisheries and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Rbbani
- Genomics Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Riaz Murshed
- Genomics Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Fedor Sharko
- Paleogenomics Laboratory, European University at Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Paleogenomics Laboratory, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Nedoluzhko
- Paleogenomics Laboratory, European University at Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Jorge Galindo-Villegas
- Genomics Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Joost A M Raeymaekers
- Genomics Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Jorge M O Fernandes
- Genomics Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Su F, Huo D, Yang H, Sun L. CircRNA8388 functions as the sponge for miR-2392 during intestinal regeneration in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133302. [PMID: 38909735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus can expel internal organs under stress and regenerate them subsequently. However, growth is delayed during regeneration, significantly impacting the industry. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded circular RNA molecules produced through alternative splicing of mRNA precursors. They play crucial roles in regulating gene expression via the ceRNA mechanism. In this study, circRNA profiles of control and regenerated intestines were constructed. A total of 15,874 circRNAs were identified, with a length of 300-350 nucleotides (nt) being the most abundant. Sanger sequencing confirmed the circular structure of circRNA398. Compared with the normal intestine, 50 and 83 differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs) were identified in the regenerated intestine at 1 and 3 days post evisceration (dpe), respectively. Gene ontology (GO) terms for signal transduction and development regulation were most significantly enriched in 1dpeVScon and 3dpeVScon treatments, respectively. The dual-luciferase assay revealed that circRNA8388 functions as a sponge for miR-2392, participating in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In conclusion, these findings will contribute to the enhancement of the non-coding RNA database for echinoderms and lay the groundwork for future investigations into circRNA regulation during intestinal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science & Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Da Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science & Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science & Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lina Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science & Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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3
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Massu A, Mahanil K, Limkul S, Phiwthong T, Boonanuntanasarn S, Teaumroong N, Somboonwiwat K, Boonchuen P. Identification of immune-responsive circular RNAs in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) upon yellow head virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109246. [PMID: 38013134 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subclass of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) formed through a process known as back-splicing. They play a crucial role in the genetic regulation of various biological processes. Currently, circRNAs have been identified as participants in the antiviral response within mammalian cells. However, circRNAs in shrimp infected with the yellow head virus (YHV) remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to identify circRNAs in the hemocytes of Litopenaeus vannamei during YHV infection. We discovered 358 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs), with 177 of them being up-regulated and 181 down-regulated. Subsequently, eight DECs, including circ_alpha-1-inhibitor 3, circ_CDC42 small effector protein 2, circ_hemicentin 2, circ_integrin alpha V, circ_kazal-type proteinase inhibitor, circ_phenoloxidase 3, circ_related protein rab-8B, and circ_protein toll-like, were randomly selected for analysis of their expression patterns during YHV infection using qRT-PCR. Furthermore, the circRNAs' characteristics were confirmed through PCR, RNase R treatment, and Sanger sequencing, all of which were consistent with the features of circRNAs. These findings contribute to a better understanding of circRNAs' involvement in the antiviral response in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarin Massu
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Mahanil
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Sirawich Limkul
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Tannatorn Phiwthong
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Neung Teaumroong
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Kunlaya Somboonwiwat
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Boonchuen
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Shen Z, Qiu Q, Tong X, Pan J, Zhu M, Hu X, Gong C. BmNPV circular RNA-encoded peptide VSP39 promotes viral replication. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:299-310. [PMID: 36563818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CircRNAs are covalently closed single-stranded circular RNA molecules, which are not easily degraded by endonucleases and play vital roles in many biological processes. Currently, most studies on circRNAs focus on endogenous circRNAs in cells, and there are few studies on virus-encoded circRNAs. In this study, a viral circRNA (circRNA-000010) derived from the region (-/bp: 114514-115,319) of the complementary strand of Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) genome was identified with the circRNA-sequencing. The authenticity of viral circRNA-000010 was further confirmed by reverse transcription PCR, reverse transcription-rolling circle amplification (TCA), in situ hybridization, immunofluorescent staining, and Northern blotting. The results of overexpression and knockdown experiments showed that circRNA-000010 promoted viral replication. Furthermore, a viral small peptide VSP39 with 39 amino acid residues translated by circRNA-000010 but not its linear molecule was confirmed. Finally, VSP39 was found to promote viral replication. Our findings indicated that a viral circRNA encoded by BmNPV promoted viral replication. These findings will provide new clues for further understanding coding information of the BmNPV genome and open a new insight for investigating host-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zhang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zeen Shen
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qunnan Qiu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinyu Tong
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun Pan
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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5
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Gong Z, Shi R, Chen S, Wang N. CircRNA Identification and CircRNA-miRNA-mRNA Network in Cynoglossus semilaevis Sexual Size Dimorphism. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101451. [PMID: 36290355 PMCID: PMC9598273 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Sexual size dimorphism (SSD), which is the sexual differences in body size, has been widely reported in various species including fishes. For Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), a flatfish exhibiting typically female-biased SSD, little is known for its epigenetic regulation mechanism, especially the role of circRNAs. Here, we identified the differently expressed abundances of circRNAs in females, males, and pseudo-males to explore the potential functions of circRNAs in Chinese tongue sole SSD. In total, 14,745 novel circRNAs were screened, among which 1461 DE circRNAs were identified from the brain, gonad, liver, and muscle in female, male, and pseudo-male individuals. The ceRNA network was subsequently constructed, including 10 circRNAs, 26 mRNAs, and 11 miRNAs. These DE mRNAs were mainly related to the mRNA surveillance pathway, metabolic pathways, and cellular senescence. Importantly, the ceRNA network has revealed that several circRNAs such as novel_circ_004374 and novel_circ_014597 may regulate homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (hipk2) expression by sponging miR-130-x. It is also worth exploring whether or how novel_circ_008696 regulates SET Domain Containing 2, histone lysine methyltransferase (setd2), which in turn affects the epigenetic patterns of different sexual individuals. The present study not only enriches the knowledge on the potential roles of circRNA in the physiological process, but also provides new clues for the explanation of fish SSD. In future studies, the precise function and involvement of circRNAs in female-biased SSD will require more efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Gong
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Na Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence:
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6
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Zhu M, Dai Y, Tong X, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Cheng J, Jiang Y, Yang R, Wang X, Cao G, Xue R, Hu X, Gong C. Circ-Udg Derived from Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 Promotes Viral Replication. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0094322. [PMID: 35770986 PMCID: PMC9431488 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00943-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) has caused great losses to the gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) industry. Previous studies showed that certain DNA viruses can encode circular RNAs (circRNAs) to regulate virus infection, which provides new clues for the treatment of viral disease. Whether CyHV-2 can encode circRNAs is still unknown. Here, 10 CyHV-2-derived circRNAs were identified, and the function of circ-udg, a circRNA derived from the CyHV-2 uracil DNA glycosylase (udg) gene, was studied. Although the expression level of circ-udg was lower than that of the parental gene, udg, its expression level was elevated in tandem with the proliferation of CyHV-2 and udg. In vitro experiments confirmed that circ-udg could promote the proliferation of CyHV-2. Moreover, circ-udg could encode a truncated UDG protein consisting of 147-amino-acid residues (termed circ-udg-P147). Both UDG and circ-udg-P147 were found to promote CyHV-2 proliferation, but the promoting effect of circ-udg on CyHV-2 proliferation was attenuated after circ-udg lost the ability to encode circ-udg-P147. Also, circ-udg-P147 could not change the transcription level of the udg gene. Interestingly, the UDG protein level was increased by circ-udg-P147. These results deepen the understanding of the genetic information carried by the genome of CyHV-2 and provide a new target for the treatment of gibel carp bleeding disease caused by CyHV-2. IMPORTANCE The outbreak of C. auratus gibelio gill hemorrhagic disease caused by CyHV-2 brought great losses to the gibel carp industry. Therefore, exploring the interaction between CyHV-2 and host and the molecular mechanism of viral infection is of great significance in preventing and treating the gibel carp gill hemorrhagic disease. Although some progress has been made in the study of CyHV-2, the mechanism of interaction between CyHV-2 and crucian carp is still unclear. In this study, we found that CyHV-2 can encode circRNA to regulate virus replication. Our study provides novel information on CyHV-2 functional genomics, a reference for research into the circRNA of other viruses, and theoretical guidance for preventing and treating gibel carp bleeding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaping Dai
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Tong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Dafeng District Aquaculture Technical Extension Station of Yancheng City, Yancheng, China
| | - Jiali Cheng
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiting Jiang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruolin Yang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangli Cao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Renyu Xue
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Dafeng District Aquaculture Technical Extension Station of Yancheng City, Yancheng, China
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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7
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Bai Y, Ding X, Liu Z, Shen J, Huang Y. Identification and functional analysis of circRNAs in the skeletal muscle of juvenile and adult largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 42:100969. [PMID: 35150971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel emerging type of endogenous regulatory non-coding RNA molecules with a covalent closed-loop configuration, which exerts important functions in multiple biological processes. CircRNAs are known to regulate gene expression as functional regulators interacting with miRNAs by sponge, which have been reported to regulate skeletal muscle development. Nevertheless, the information of circRNAs involved in regulating muscle growth and development in fish is largely unknown. Here, we first identified 312 and 511 circRNAs in skeletal muscle of juvenile and adult largemouth bass (LMB) using RNA sequencing, respectively. The differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs) analysis showed that there are 44 DE-circRNAs at two different skeletal muscle growth stages. Six circRNAs were chosen randomly and their relative expression levels in juvenile and adult LMB were confirmed by real-time PCR, indicating that these circRNAs were existed authenticity. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis showed that these hose genes (their linear mRNAs) of DE-circRNAs were mainly enriched in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton signaling pathways. The circRNA-miRNA interaction regulatory networks indicated that one circRNA can regulate one or more miRNA. For instance, more than 30 miRNAs were regulated by two circRNAs (circRNA389 and circRNA399). Of them, the muscle-related miRNAs including the let-7 family, miR-133 and miR-26 and so on were found acting as miRNAs sponge regulated by circRNAs, indicating the roles of circRNAs in regulating muscle growth-related genes expression. Overall, these findings will not only broaden our understanding of circRNAs regulation mechanisms underlying muscle growth and development in LMB but also provides a novel clue for further functional research in carnivorous fish genetic breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xinyu Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Zezhong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Junfei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
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8
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Bin Li, Yan R, Liu X, Meng Z, Meng P, Wang Y, Huang Y. CircRNAs Biogenesis, Functions, and Its Research Progress in Aquaculture. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Wang G, Sun Q, Wang H, Liu H. Identification and characterization of circRNAs in the liver of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 124:104185. [PMID: 34174243 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs, play an important role in regulating various biological processes. In the present study, circRNAs from the Megalobrama amblycephala liver were identified at five different time points post Aeromonas hydrophila using RNA-seq technology. A total of 250 circRNAs were identified, of which 106 were differentially expressed (DE) in ten pairwise comparisons. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the parental genes of DE circRNAs were enriched in phagocytosis, complement and coagulation cascades, and Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis pathways. According to ceRNA hypothesis, the interaction network of circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs was constructed. Moreover, WGCNA was conducted, and five specific modules significantly related to bacterial infection were identified. All the above results reveal the important role of circRNAs in immune response, which enriches the information of circRNAs in teleost, and helps to understand the immune response mechanism of M. amblycephala to A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/ Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qianhui Sun
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/ Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanling Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/ Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/ Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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10
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Liu L, Chen Y, Diao J, Luo L, Gao Z. Identification and Characterization of Novel circRNAs Involved in Muscle Growth of Blunt Snout Bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810056. [PMID: 34576220 PMCID: PMC8467684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of endogenous RNAs, have been recognized to play important roles in the growth of animals. However, the regulatory mechanism of circRNAs on fish muscle growth is still unclear. In this study, we performed whole transcriptome analysis of skeletal muscles from two populations with different growth rates (fast-growing and slow-growing) of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), an important fish species for aquaculture. The selected circRNAs were validated by qPCR and Sanger sequencing. Pairs of circRNA–miRNA–mRNA networks were constructed with the predicted differentially expressed (DE) pairs, which revealed regulatory roles in muscle myogenesis and hypertrophy. As a result, a total of 445 circRNAs were identified, including 42 DE circRNAs between fast-growing (FG) and slow-growing (SG) groups. Many of these DE circRNAs were related with aminoglycan biosynthetic and metabolic processes, cytokinetic processes, and the adherens junction pathway. The functional prediction results showed that novel_circ_0001608 and novel_circ_0002886, competing to bind with dre-miR-153b-5p and dre-miR-124-6-5p, might act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to control MamblycephalaGene14755 (pik3r1) and MamblycephalaGene10444 (apip) level, respectively, thus playing an important regulatory role in muscle growth. Overall, these results will not only help us to further understand the novel RNA transcripts in M. amblycephala, but also provide new clues to investigate the potential mechanism of circRNAs regulating fish growth and muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Liu
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Engineering Technology Research Center for Fish Breeding and Culture in Hubei Province, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.L.); (Y.C.); (J.D.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Engineering Technology Research Center for Fish Breeding and Culture in Hubei Province, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.L.); (Y.C.); (J.D.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinghan Diao
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Engineering Technology Research Center for Fish Breeding and Culture in Hubei Province, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.L.); (Y.C.); (J.D.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lifei Luo
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Engineering Technology Research Center for Fish Breeding and Culture in Hubei Province, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.L.); (Y.C.); (J.D.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); or (Z.G.); Tel.: +86-2787282113 (Z.G.); Fax: +86-2787282114 (Z.G.)
| | - Zexia Gao
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Engineering Technology Research Center for Fish Breeding and Culture in Hubei Province, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.L.); (Y.C.); (J.D.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); or (Z.G.); Tel.: +86-2787282113 (Z.G.); Fax: +86-2787282114 (Z.G.)
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11
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Function of Circular RNAs in Fish and Their Potential Application as Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137119. [PMID: 34281172 PMCID: PMC8268770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an emerging class of regulatory RNAs with a covalently closed-loop structure formed during pre-mRNA splicing. Recent advances in high-throughput RNA sequencing and circRNA-specific computational tools have driven the development of novel approaches to their identification and functional characterization. CircRNAs are stable, developmentally regulated, and show tissue- and cell-type-specific expression across different taxonomic groups. They play a crucial role in regulating various biological processes at post-transcriptional and translational levels. However, the involvement of circRNAs in fish immunity has only recently been recognized. There is also broad evidence in mammals that the timely expression of circRNAs in muscle plays an essential role in growth regulation but our understanding of their expression and function in teleosts is still very limited. Here, we discuss the available knowledge about circRNAs and their role in growth and immunity in vertebrates from a comparative perspective, with emphasis on cultured teleost fish. We expect that the interest in teleost circRNAs will increase substantially soon, and we propose that they may be used as biomarkers for selective breeding of farmed fish, thus contributing to the sustainability of the aquaculture sector.
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12
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Yu H, Mi C, Wang Q, Zou W, Dai G, Zhang T, Zhang G, Xie K, Wang J, Shi H. Comprehensive Analyses of circRNA Expression Profiles and Function Prediction in Chicken Cecums After Eimeria tenella Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:628667. [PMID: 33777841 PMCID: PMC7988198 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.628667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is an important intestinal parasitic disease that causes great economic losses to the global poultry production industry. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are long non-coding RNAs that play important roles in various infectious diseases and inflammatory responses. However, the expression profiles and functions of circRNAs during Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) infection remain unclear. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was carried out to detect circRNAs in chicken cecal tissues from the control (JC), resistant (JR), and susceptible (JS) groups on day 4.5 postinfection (pi), respectively. A total of 104 circRNAs were differentially expressed, including 47 circRNAs between the JS and JC groups, 38 between the JR and JS groups, and 19 between the JR and JC groups. Functional analyses indicated that these differentially expressed circRNAs were involved in pathways related to E. tenella infection; the adaptive immune response was enriched in the JS vs JC group, the NF-kappa B signaling and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathways were enriched in the JS vs JC and JR vs JC groups, while the B cell receptor signaling pathway was enriched in only the JR vs JC group. Moreover, the coexpression network of differentially expressed circRNAs and mRNAs suggested that circRNA2202 and circRNA0759 associated with DTX1 in the JS vs JC group, circRNA4338 associated with VPREB3 and CXCL13L3 in the JR vs JC group, and circRNA2612 associated with IL8L1 and F2RL2 in the JR vs JS group were involved in the immune response upon E. tenella infection. In conclusion, our results provide valuable information on the circRNAs involved in the progression of chicken E. tenella infection and advance our understanding of the circRNA regulatory mechanisms of host resistance and susceptibility to E. tenella infection in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changhao Mi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Genxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kaizhou Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huiqiang Shi
- Technical Research Department, Jiangsu Jinghai Poultry Group Co. Ltd., Haimen, China
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhong Y, Guo S, Zhu Y, Guo J, Fu Y, Li M. CircRNA profiling reveals circ880 functions as miR-375-3p sponge in medaka gonads. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 38:100797. [PMID: 33714082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been regarded as regulators in the biological processes of various species. However, there is no report about circRNAs in the gonads of model fish medaka (Oryzias latipes). In this study, 1157 and 1570 circRNAs were obtained in the ovary and testis by RNA-sequencing. The characteristics of circRNAs were explored in sequence length, exon composition, and chromosome position. 24 circRNAs were significantly up or down-regulated in the testis compared to the ovary, 9 of which were verified by qRT-PCR. Interestingly, circ452 was highly expressed in the testis while circ880 expression exhibited sexual dimorphism. In situ hybridization (ISH) revealed that circ452 and circ880 were expressed in meiotic germ cells, and circ880 was also abundant in spermatogonia. In addition, dual-luciferase reporter assay manifested that circ880 and Oldnd can combine with miR-375-3p. Overall, these results provide emerging circRNA libraries and open new avenues for future investigation of circRNAs in medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shaoyu Guo
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jing Guo
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuanshuai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Mingyou Li
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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14
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Cao M, Yan X, Su B, Yang N, Fu Q, Xue T, Song L, Li Q, Li C. Integrated Analysis of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Networks in the Intestine of Sebastes schlegelii Following Edwardsiella tarda Challenge. Front Immunol 2021; 11:618687. [PMID: 33552082 PMCID: PMC7857051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.618687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sebastes schlegelii, an important aquaculture species, has been widely cultured in East Asian countries. With the increase in the cultivation scale, various diseases have become major threats to the industry. Evidence has shown that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have remarkable functions in the interactions between pathogens and their hosts. However, little is known about the mechanisms of circular RNAs (circRNAs) and coding RNAs in the process of preventing pathogen infection in the intestine in teleosts. In this study, we aimed to uncover the global landscape of mRNAs, circRNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs) in response to Edwardsiella tarda infection at different time points (0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h) and to construct regulatory networks for exploring the immune regulatory mechanism in the intestine of S. schlegelii. In total, 1,794 mRNAs, 87 circRNAs, and 79 miRNAs were differentially expressed. The differentially expressed RNAs were quantitatively validated using qRT-PCR. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that most of the differentially expressed mRNA genes and the target genes of ncRNAs were related to immune signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB signal pathway, pathogen recognition receptors related to signaling pathways (Toll-like receptors and Nod-like receptors), and the chemokine signaling pathway. Based on these differentially expressed genes, 624 circRNA-miRNA pairs and 2,694 miRNA-mRNA pairs were predicted using the miRanda software. Integrated analyses generated 25 circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction networks. In a novel_circ_0004195/novel-530/IκB interaction network, novel_530 was upregulated, while its two targets, novel_circ_0004195 and IκB, were downregulated after E. tarda infection. In addition, two circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks related to apoptosis (novel_circ_0003210/novel_152/apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 1) and interleukin (novel_circ_0001907/novel_127/interleukin-1 receptor type 2) were also identified in our study. We thus speculated that the downstream NF-κB signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, and apoptosis pathway might play vital roles in the immune response in the intestine of S. schlegelii. This study revealed a landscape of RNAs in the intestine of S. schlegelii during E. tarda infection and provided clues for further study on the immune mechanisms and signaling networks based on the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in S. schlegelii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xu Yan
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Baofeng Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Song
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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15
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Zhang W, Qin P, Gong X, Huang L, Wang C, Chen G, Chen J, Wang L, Lv Z. Identification of circRNAs in the Liver of Whitespotted Bamboo Shark ( Chiloscyllium plagiosum). Front Genet 2020; 11:596308. [PMID: 33362857 PMCID: PMC7759564 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.596308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whitespotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum), a member of the cartilaginous fish family, has an extremely large liver and demonstrates a strong regeneration ability and immune regulation. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) is an important class of non-coding RNAs. Increasing evidences suggest that circRNAs are a kind of potential regulators. Recently, researchers have isolated and identified different circRNAs from various species, while few reports were on the circRNAs of C. plagiosum. In this study, we have identified a total of 4,558 circRNAs in the liver of C. plagiosum. This finding suggests that circRNAs are not evenly distributed in the chromosomes and follow the GT-AG rule during cyclization. Alternative back-splicing might exist in shark circRNAs as shown by the authenticity identification of predicted circRNAs. The binding strength of circRNAs (<2,000 bp) and the detected miRNAs in shark liver were simultaneously analyzed to construct an mRNA–miRNA–circRNA network for the Glutathione S-transferase P1 gene, and the circRNA authenticity was simultaneously verified. Our data provide not only novel insights into the rich existence of circRNAs in marine animals, but also a basis for characterizing functions of identified circRNAs in the liver homeostasis of C. plagiosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Hangzhou Hongqiao Sino-Science Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Chan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiqian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqing Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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