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Wang C, Liu E, Zhang H, Shi H, Qiu G, Lu S, Han S, Jiang H, Liu H. Dietary Protein Optimization for Growth and Immune Enhancement in Juvenile Hybrid Sturgeon ( Acipenser baerii × A. schrenckii): Balancing Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry, and Expression of Immune-Related Genes. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:324. [PMID: 38785806 PMCID: PMC11117904 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels on growth performance, serum indices, body amino acid composition, and intestinal gene expression in juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baerii × A. schrenckii). Hybrid sturgeons (initial weight 29.21 ± 2.04 g) were fed isolipidic diets containing 30%, 33%, 36%, 39%, 42% or 45% crude protein for 12 weeks (n = 18 tanks, 30 fish/tank). Results showed significant differences between treatments, where weight gain and protein efficiency ratio peaked optimally between 35.9% and 38.3% dietary protein. Serum parameters such as glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidation levels varied significantly with changes in dietary protein levels. Specifically, the highest enzymatic activities and growth parameters were observed in groups fed with 33% to 39% protein, enhancing whole-body concentrations of lysine, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, and glutamic acid. Immune parameters such as immunoglobulin M and lysozyme activity also showed peak levels at higher protein concentrations, particularly notable at 42% for lysozyme and 36% for both component 3 and immunoglobulin M. Gene expression related to immune and growth pathways, including MyD88, TLR1, IL-8, IL-6, NF-κB, and IL1β, was significantly upregulated at protein levels of 33% to 36%, with a noted peak in expression at 39% for TLR1, IL-10, and TOR signaling genes, before diminishing at higher protein levels. Overall, the dietary protein requirement for juvenile hybrid sturgeon ranges from 35.9% to 38.3% crude protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang’an Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China; (C.W.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Entong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Honghe Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guangwen Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shaoxia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China; (C.W.)
| | - Shicheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China; (C.W.)
| | - Haibo Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Hongbai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China; (C.W.)
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Zeng X, Chen Y, Li W, Liu S. Application of fenugreek in ruminant feed: implications for methane emissions and productivity. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16842. [PMID: 38313019 PMCID: PMC10838068 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Human demand for meat and dairy products will increase as a result of economic development and population growth, and the farming of ruminants, such as cattle and sheep, will also increase. Methane (CH4) emission from the enteric fermentation of ruminant livestock is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions and a significant contributor to global warming. Meanwhile, growth performance is often limited and animals are more vulnerable to diseases in high-density, intensive farming, greatly reducing livestock productivity, so developing ways to reduce CH4 emissions and improve ruminant productivity has become a research hotspot. Studies have reported that fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) as feed additives have the potential to reduce ruminant methane and improve the productivity. However, systematic reviews of such studies are lacking. Methodology In this review, databases of Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct were used for the literature search. The initial keywords search was fenugreek or Trigonella foenum-graecum L. For more focused search, we added terms such as methane, rumen fermentation, growth, milk production and antioxidants. All were done for ruminants. The literature that conforms to the theme of this article is selected, summarized, and finally completed this article. Results By regulating the rumen microbiome (suppressing protozoans, methanogenic bacteria, and fungi), fenugreek can lower CH4 emissions according to many in vitro anaerobic fermentation experiments. Fenugreek secondary metabolites (saponins and tannins) are responsible for this impact, but it is still unclear exactly how they work. Therefore, more long-term in vivo experiments are needed to verify its efficacy. Fenugreek is also rich in alkaloids, amino acids, flavonoids, saponins and phenolic acids. These compounds have been shown to have beneficial effects on ruminant growth, lactation, and total antioxidant capacity. Therefore, fenugreek has a great opportunity to develop into a new green feed additive. Conclusions This review provides a summary of the effect of fenugreek and its bioactive compounds on rumen fermentation, CH4 emissions and production performance by ruminants. In addition, based on the available data, the possible biochemical pathway of fenugreek to reduce CH4 emissions in ruminants was described. Overall, the livestock feed industry has the opportunity to develop natural, environmentally-friendly feed additives based on fenugreek.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbiao Zeng
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijun Liu
- Shanghai Mugao Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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Tian Y, Li H, Zhang D, Wang C, Hao R, Ru X, Hu Q, Huang Y, Zhu C. Effect of marine heatwaves on juvenile greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106302. [PMID: 38113590 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have increased in frequency, intensity, and duration in recent years causing significant impacts on marine organisms and fisheries. This study explores the physiological changes of juvenile greater amberjacks (Seriola dumerili) that cope with MHWs. Results showed that physiological parameters were significantly affected by the intensity, duration of MHWs or interaction of two factors (P < 0.05). Repeated MHWs in which water temperatures were increased (24 °C to 28 °C and 32 °C) resulted in changes in enzyme activity levels (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH)), as well as the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) for antioxidant defense, immune function (acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lysozyme (LYZ)), and energy metabolism (including triglycerides (TG), glucose (GLU), aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)). The activities of enzymes, including those associated with antioxidant defense, immune function, and energy metabolism, changed significantly in relation to short-term MHWs, indicating a thermal stress response. When S. dumerili were exposed to repeated-MHWs, thermal stress responses increased at 28 °C (T28) and decreased at 32 °C (T32). These results exhibited the inability of S. dumerili to acclimate to severe thermal stress from MHWs. This study examined S. dumerili responses to MHWs and assessed the physiological adaptation of juvenile greater amberjacks to MHWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Tian
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524006, China
| | - Hang Li
- Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524006, China
| | - Dongying Zhang
- Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524006, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524006, China
| | - Ruijuan Hao
- Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524006, China.
| | - Xiaoying Ru
- Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524006, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524006, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524006, China; Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524006, China; Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Li H, Zhang Y, Xie J, Wang C, Yi D, Wu T, Wang L, Zhao D, Hou Y. Dietary Supplementation with Mono-Lactate Glyceride Enhances Intestinal Function of Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081303. [PMID: 37106866 PMCID: PMC10135088 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mono-lactate glyceride (LG) is a short-chain fatty acid ester. It has been shown that short-chain fatty acid esters play an important role in maintaining intestinal structure and function. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of mono-lactate glyceride on growth performance and intestinal morphology and function in weaned piglets. Sixteen 21-day-old weaned piglets of similar weight were distributed arbitrarily to two treatments: The control group (basal diet) and the LG group (basal diet + 0.6% mono-lactate glyceride). The experiment lasted for 21 days. On day 21 of the trial, piglets were weighed, and blood and intestinal samples were collected for further analysis. Results showed that dietary supplementation with 0.6% mono-lactate glyceride decreased (p < 0.05) the diarrhea rate and the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in the ileum and jejunum and increased (p < 0.05) the expression of intestinal tight junction protein (Occludin) and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the ileum and colon. In addition, mono-lactate glyceride supplementation could enhance intestinal mucosal growth by increasing (p < 0.05) the mRNA levels of extracellular regulated protein kinases, promote intestinal mucosal water and nutrient transport and lipid metabolism by increasing (p < 0.05) the mRNA levels of b0,+ amino acid transporter, aquaporin 3, aquaporin 10, gap junction protein alpha 1, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, and lipoprotein lipase, enhance antiviral and immune function by increasing (p < 0.05) the mRNA levels of nuclear factor kappa-B, interferon-β, mucovirus resistance protein II, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like, interferon-γ, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, and toll-like receptor 4, and enhance antioxidant capacity by increasing (p < 0.05) the mRNA levels of NF-E2-related factor 2 and glutathione S-transferase omega 2 and decreasing (p < 0.05) the mRNA level of NADPH oxidase 2. These results suggested that dietary supplementation with mono-lactate glyceride could decrease the diarrhea rate by improving intestinal antioxidant capacity, intestinal mucosal barrier, intestinal immune defense function, and intestinal mucosal water and nutrient transport. Collectively, dietary supplementation with 0.6% mono-lactate glyceride improved the intestinal function of weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbo Li
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jiaqian Xie
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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Li Y, Xiang Y, Jiang Q, Yang Y, Huang Y, Fan W, Zhao Y. Comparison of immune defense and antioxidant capacity between broodstock and hybrid offspring of juvenile shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense): Response to acute ammonia stress. Anim Genet 2022; 53:380-392. [PMID: 35304756 DOI: 10.1111/age.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is a major environmental pollutant in the aquatic system that poses a great threat to the health of shrimp. Macrobrachium nipponense, as one of the large-yield farmed shrimp, is facing germplasm degradation. Genetic improvement through hybridization is one of the effective methods to solve this problem. However, there are few studies on the effects of ammonia nitrogen on the germplasm resources of M. nipponense. In this study, the broodstock populations (Dianshan, DS) and hybrid offspring (DS ♀ × CD [Changjiang, CJ ♂ × Dongting, DT ♀], SCD) were exposed to 0, 5, or 20 mg/L of ammonia for 96 h. The survival rate of the SCD group was greater than the DS group, although there were no significant differences in weight gain rate and length gain rate (p > 0.05). The number of positive cells and apoptosis rates in the DS group were significantly greater than in the SCD group after ammonia exposure (p < 0.05). As the ammonia concentration increased, the antioxidant enzyme activities in the SCD group were significantly higher than DS group, while the hepatotoxicity enzyme activities in the SCD group were significantly lower than DS group (p < 0.05). The trends in the expression of antioxidant- and immune-related genes were generally consistent with the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Our study found that the hybrid population had stronger stress resistance than their parent populations at the same ammonia concentration. This study confirms our speculation that hybrid population has a greater advantage in antioxidant immunity, which also provides reference for the follow-up study of chronic ammonia toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqian Xiang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wujiang Fan
- Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute (Shanghai Fisheries Technology Promotion Station), Shanghai, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Huang Y, Wang S, Meng X, Chen N, Li S. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Sirtuin 1 and Its Potential Regulation of Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Response in Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides). Front Physiol 2021; 12:726877. [PMID: 34646155 PMCID: PMC8504536 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.726877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) was cloned and characterized in the present study and the influence of SIRT1 activation induced by resveratrol inclusion on the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and antioxidation was also investigated. The SIRT1 of largemouth bass, with full-length cDNA sequence of 3395bp encoding 695 amino acids, was mainly expressed in gonad, heart and liver. The analysis of multiple sequence alignment revealed that, in accordance with other species, SIRT1 of largemouth bass contained highly conserved substrate-binding site and NAD+ binding site. The result of subcellular localization displayed that SIRT1 of largemouth bass was mainly localized in the nucleus. The inclusion of 1.0 and 2.5‰ dietary RSV, a natural SIRT1 activator, significantly elevated the SIRT1 protein expression. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of AKT1 and FoxO1 followed similar pattern with that of SIRT1, indicating the activation of insulin pathway, which may result in the inhibition of lipogenesis and activation of lipolysis, and reduced hepatic triglycerides content. Additionally, the activation of SIRT1 induced by dietary RSV elevated the antioxidant capacity at both transcriptional level and enzymatic level, which was probably mediated by the transcription factor Nrf2. In above, SIRT1 was suggested to be involved in improving antioxidant capacity and alleviating hepatic lipid deposition in largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Huang
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shilin Wang
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxue Meng
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naisong Chen
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songlin Li
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Resveratrol inclusion alleviated high-dietary-carbohydrate-induced glycogen deposition and immune response of largemouth bass , Micropterus salmoides. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:165-176. [PMID: 33583445 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Excessive hepatic glycogen accumulation commonly impairs hepatocytes function and further produces negative effects on growth and health status of carnivorous fish. A 9-week feeding trial was conducted to explore the potential regulation of resveratrol (RSV) on high-carbohydrate-induced glycogen deposition and immune response of largemouth bass. Results showed that high dietary carbohydrate (10 % inclusion of starch) led to hepatic glycogen accumulation and post-prandial hyperglycemia compared with the diet with 5 % starch, which was both alleviated with the inclusion of RSV. The use of RSV promoted the expression of sirtuin 1, which was down-regulated by high dietary carbohydrate. Meanwhile, RSV inclusion promoted the expression of genes involved in insulin pathway and glycolysis and inhibited the expression of gluconeogenesis-related genes. Additionally, high dietary carbohydrate significantly reduced lysozyme content but increased complement C4 content, which were both reversed with RSV supplementation. Meanwhile, RSV inclusion inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines but promoted anti-inflammatory cytokines expression, compared with the high carbohydrate treatment. In conclusion, RSV inclusion was beneficial in alleviating high-dietary-carbohydrate-induced glycogen accumulation and immune response in largemouth bass.
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Effects of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide on immunity and apoptosis of the main immune organs in Muscovy duck reovirus-infected ducklings. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:448-456. [PMID: 33421472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide (HEP) on immunity in Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV)-infected ducklings and explore its mechanism of action, an MDRV contact-infection model was established. Then, we investigated the influence of HEP on morphology of main immune organs in MDRV-infected ducklings by HE staining, while antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, MDA), serum protein levels (TP, ALB, GLO), complement levels (C3, C4) and antibody levels (IgA, IgM, IgG) were detected. Apoptotic indexes (apoptosisi rate and FAS-L) were also quantified by TUNEL method and immunohistochemical staining. Meanwhile, FADD and CytC (apoptosis-related genes), were tested by quantitative RT-PCR. Results showed that HEP could reduce the injuries of immune organs caused by MDRV. Additionally, HEP markedly diminished MDA (p < 0.01), while significantly increased T-AOC, TP, ALB, GLO, C3, C4, IgA, IgM and IgG (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Then, HEP shifted apoptosis time to an early MDRV-infected stage and reduced apoptosis at later MDRV-infected stage. This was associated with changes of FADD and CytC. Collectively, our data suggested that HEP could reduce the immunesuppression by many ways, such as decreasing organs' injuries, improving antioxidant capacity, serum proteins levels, antibody levels and complement levels, while diminish the apoptosis by lowering the FADD and CytC.
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Neamat-Allah ANF, Mahmoud EA, Mahsoub Y. Effects of dietary white mulberry leaves on hemato-biochemical alterations, immunosuppression and oxidative stress induced by Aeromonas hydrophila in Oreochromis niloticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 108:147-156. [PMID: 33301933 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present work was designed to assess the potential hemato-biochemical protective action, immunemodulatory and antioxidant conclusions of varied concentration of white mulberry Morus alba leaves (MAL) extract supplementation on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis .niloticus). A total two hundred and forty of O. niloticus were haphazardly sorted into four groups. The control (CT) group was fed on basal diet. A group MAL1, MAL3 and MAL5 was fed on 1, 3 and 5 g/kg MAL respectively for thirty days. On day thirty one, half of replicates in each group were challenged by 0.5 ml × 108Aeromonas hydrophila where, the residual replicates were kept without challenge. A. hydrophila challenged tilapias revealed anemia that alleviated by supplementation with 5 g/kg MAL also, recovers the shift of leucogram prompted by the challenge. Elevation of alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde (ALP, ALT, AST, LDH and MDA) in CT, MAL1 and MAL3 in the challenged replicates respectively where within normal at MAL5. Supplementation with MAL5 showed more potent antioxidant and immune reaction than MAL1 and MAL3. There were a rapid increase of immunoglobulin M, lysozymes, nitric oxide, catalase and superoxide dismutase and their allied genes expression (IgM, CAT and SOD) in MAL groups with contrast in CT challenged groups. Where in challenged groups, there was suppression in genes expression of interleukins (8 and 1 beta) and interferon ɤ (IL8. IL-1β and INFɤ). Tilapias challenged by A. hydrophila unveiled plentiful surge in the percentage of mortality in CT challenged fish (80%), followed by the groups supplemented with MAL1 and MAL3 were (73.33%) where MAL5 was 20%. The mortalities have been halted from the 6th, 13th, 14th and 15th days in, MAL5, MAL3, MAL1, and CT correspondingly. These previous results could be fulfilled that using of MAL 5 g/kg protect tilapias from hemato-biochemical alterations and enhance its immune feedback, antioxidant defense and resistance against A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed N F Neamat-Allah
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 1 Al-Zeraa Street, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Essam A Mahmoud
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 1 Al-Zeraa Street, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Y Mahsoub
- Fish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Li S, Wang A, Li Z, Zhang J, Sang C, Chen N. Antioxidant defenses and non-specific immunity at enzymatic and transcriptional levels in response to dietary carbohydrate in a typical carnivorous fish, hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:109-116. [PMID: 32156583 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to explore the influence of dietary carbohydrate on antioxidant capacity and non-specific immunity of hybrid grouper, which would contribute to determine the tolerable dietary carbohydrate content. Seven diets with grade levels of carbohydrate (5.27, 8.95, 11.49, 14.37, 17.78, 20.82 and 23.65%) were fed to triplicate groups of fish for 10 weeks. Results showed that the inclusion of carbohydrate above 11.49% produced significant increased content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in liver and malondialdehyde (MDA) in both serum and liver. The specific activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) were significantly elevated with the increase of dietary carbohydrate from 8.95 to 23.65%, which may be associated with the reduced hepatic soluble protein content. However, opposite variation was observed in the expression of antioxidant related genes (SOD1 and Gpx), which was partly caused by the activation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and inhibition of Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) at the transcriptional level. The immunoglobulin M (lgM) content and activity of lysozyme and CCP in serum significantly depressed when dietary carbohydrate was above 11.49%. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8) was significantly increased with the increase of dietary carbohydrate from 5.27 to 8.95% and thereafter significantly reduced, which was consistent with the changed expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and nuclear factor κΒ (NF-κΒ). In above, high dietary carbohydrate significantly impaired the antioxidant capacity and reduced the non-specific immunity of hybrid grouper, and the tolerable dietary carbohydrate content should not exceed 11.49%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Li
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China; Research Centre of the Agriculture Ministry on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 20136, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - An Wang
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ziqiang Li
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiacan Zhang
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Chunyan Sang
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Naisong Chen
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Research Centre of the Agriculture Ministry on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 20136, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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