1
|
Janda JM, Duman M. Expanding the Spectrum of Diseases and Disease Associations Caused by Edwardsiella tarda and Related Species. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1031. [PMID: 38792860 PMCID: PMC11124366 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Edwardsiella, previously residing in the family Enterobacteriaceae and now a member of the family Hafniaceae, is currently composed of five species, although the taxonomy of this genus is still unsettled. The genus can primarily be divided into two pathogenic groups: E. tarda strains are responsible for almost all human infections, and two other species (E. ictaluri, E. piscicida) cause diseases in fish. Human infections predominate in subtropical habitats of the world and in specific geospatial regions with gastrointestinal disease, bloodborne infections, and wound infections, the most common clinical presentations in decreasing order. Gastroenteritis can present in many different forms and mimic other intestinal disturbances. Chronic gastroenteritis is not uncommon. Septicemia is primarily found in persons with comorbid conditions including malignancies and liver disease. Mortality rates range from 9% to 28%. Most human infections are linked to one of several risk factors associated with freshwater or marine environments such as seafood consumption. In contrast, edwardsiellosis in fish is caused by two other species, in particular E. ictaluri. Both E. ictaluri and E. piscicida can cause massive outbreaks of disease in aquaculture systems worldwide, including enteric septicemia in channel catfish and tilapia. Collectively, these species are increasingly being recognized as important pathogens in clinical and veterinary medicine. This article highlights and provides a current perspective on the taxonomy, microbiology, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of this increasingly important group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Michael Janda
- Kern County Public Health Laboratory, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
| | - Muhammed Duman
- Aquatic Animal Disease Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reis FYT, Rocha VP, Janampa-Sarmiento PC, Costa HL, Egger RC, Passos NC, de Assis CHS, Carneiro SP, Santos ÁF, Silva BA, Dorella FA, Leibowitz MP, Luz RK, Pierezan F, Gallani SU, Tavares GC, Figueiredo HCP. Edwardsiella tarda in Tambaqui ( Colossoma macropomum): A Pathogenicity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Genetic Analysis of Brazilian Isolates. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2910. [PMID: 37760310 PMCID: PMC10526069 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is a crucial pathogenic bacterium in tropical aquaculture. This bacterium was recently isolated from tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), a commercially important fish species in Brazil. This study assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility, pathogenicity, and genetic diversity of the tambaqui-derived E. tarda isolates. Fourteen bacterial isolates isolated from tambaqui were identified as E. tarda by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and dnaJ gene sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted against seven drugs using the disc diffusion assay. The pathogenicity test conducted by intraperitoneal injection of 2.4 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU) fish-1 of E. tarda (ED38-17) into tambaqui juveniles eventually revealed that neither clinical signs nor death were present. However, splenomegaly and whitish areas in the spleen and kidneys were observed. The histological investigation also revealed granulomatous splenitis, nephritis, and hepatitis occurring internally. Repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR fingerprinting separated the 14 isolates into three genetic groups. The antibiogram revealed that all E. tarda isolates were wild-type (WT) to florfenicol (FLO), norfloxacin (NOR), neomycin (NEO), erythromycin (ERY), and oxytetracycline (OXY); however, some were non-wild-type to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (7.1%) and amoxicillin (21.4%). Therefore, through experimental infection, E. tarda ED38-17 could induce pathogenic effects in C. macropomum. Additionally, three distinct genetic types were found, and the E. tarda isolates were WT to FLO, NOR, NEO, ERY, and OXY. These findings raise awareness of a bacteria causing unseen lesions, a pathogen that will potentially impact tambaqui aquaculture in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Yan Tavares Reis
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (F.Y.T.R.); (V.P.R.)
| | - Victória Pontes Rocha
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (F.Y.T.R.); (V.P.R.)
| | - Peter Charrie Janampa-Sarmiento
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (F.Y.T.R.); (V.P.R.)
| | - Henrique Lopes Costa
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (F.Y.T.R.); (V.P.R.)
| | - Renata Catão Egger
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (F.Y.T.R.); (V.P.R.)
| | - Naísa Cristine Passos
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (F.Y.T.R.); (V.P.R.)
| | - Carlos Henrique Santos de Assis
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (F.Y.T.R.); (V.P.R.)
| | - Sarah Portes Carneiro
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (F.Y.T.R.); (V.P.R.)
| | - Ágna Ferreira Santos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Brendhal Almeida Silva
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (F.Y.T.R.); (V.P.R.)
| | - Fernanda Alves Dorella
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (F.Y.T.R.); (V.P.R.)
| | - Márcia Pimenta Leibowitz
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (F.Y.T.R.); (V.P.R.)
| | - Ronald Kennedy Luz
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Pierezan
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Umeda Gallani
- Postgraduate Program in Aquaculture, Nilton Lins University, Manaus 69058-030, AM, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Campos Tavares
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (F.Y.T.R.); (V.P.R.)
| | - Henrique César Pereira Figueiredo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (F.Y.T.R.); (V.P.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goh KW, Abdul Kari Z, Wee W, Zakaria NNA, Rahman MM, Kabir MA, Abdul Hamid NK, Tahiluddin AB, Kamarudin AS, Téllez–Isaías G, Wei LS. Exploring the roles of phytobiotics in relieving the impacts of Edwardsiella tarda infection on fish: a mini-review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1149514. [PMID: 37476823 PMCID: PMC10355809 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1149514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiellosis caused by Edwardsiella tarda resulted in significant economic losses in aquaculture operations worldwide. This disease could infect a wide range of hosts, including freshwater, brackish water, and marine aquatic animals. Currently, antibiotics and vaccines are being used as prophylactic agents to overcome Edwardsiellosis in aquaculture. However, application of antibiotics has led to antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria, and the antibiotic residues pose a threat to public health. Meanwhile, the use of vaccines to combat Edwardsiellosis requires intensive labor work and high costs. Thus, phytobiotics were attempted to be used as antimicrobial agents to minimize the impact of Edwardsiellosis in aquaculture. These phytobiotics may also provide farmers with new options to manage aquaculture species' health. The impact of Edwardsiellosis in aquaculture worldwide was elaborated on and highlighted in this review study, as well as the recent application of phytobiotics in aquaculture and the status of vaccines to combat Edwardsiellosis. This review also focuses on the potential of phytobiotics in improving aquatic animal growth performance, enhancing immune system function, and stimulating disease resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wendy Wee
- Center of Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nik Nur Azwanida Zakaria
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Agro-Based Industry, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Albaris B. Tahiluddin
- College of Fisheries, Mindanao State University-Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography, Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines
| | - Ahmad Syazni Kamarudin
- School of Animal Science, Aquatic Science and Environment, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Besut Campus, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Lee Seong Wei
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han Z, Ge L, Wen S, Sun J. Dysfunction of the intestinal physical barrier in the intestinal inflammation of tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis, induced by Shewanella algae infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108900. [PMID: 37315911 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial intestinal inflammation occurs frequently in cultured fish. However, research on the dysfunction of the intestinal physical barrier in fish intestinal inflammation is scarce. In this study, intestinal inflammation in tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis was induced by Shewanella algae and the intestinal permeability was investigated. Gene expression patterns in inflammatory factors, tight junction molecules, and keratins 8 and 18 in the intestines were further explored. Histological examinations of the middle intestines showed that S. algae induced pathological lesions of intestinal inflammation and significantly increased the total number of mucous cells (p < 0.01). Ultrastructural observation in the middle intestines showed that intercellular spaces between epithelial cells were significantly wider in infected fish compared with the control (p < 0.01). The positive result of fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of S. algae in the intestine. Enhanced Evans blue exudation and increased levels of serum d-lactate and intestinal fatty acid binding protein were suggestive of increased intestinal barrier permeability. The mRNA levels of four pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-6, IL-8, IL-β, and TNF-α, were significantly increased after S. algae infection at most tested time points (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), while there was an alternating increasing and decreasing trend in the gene expression patterns of IL-10, TGF-β, TLR-2, AP-1, and CASP-1. The mRNA expression of tight junction molecules (claudin-1, claudin-2, ZO-1, JAM-A, and MarvelD3) and keratins 8 and 18 in the intestines was significantly decreased at 6, 12, 24, 48, or 72 h post infection (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). In conclusion, S. algae infection induced intestinal inflammation accompanied by increased intestinal permeability in tongue sole, and tight junction molecules and keratins were probably associated with the pathological process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Han
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Lunhua Ge
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Siyi Wen
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Jingfeng Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang L, Wang F, Jia L, Yan H, Gao L, Tian Y, Su X, Zhang X, Lv C, Ma Z, Xue Y, Lin Q, Wang K. Edwardsiella piscicida infection reshapes the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of big-belly seahorses: mechanistic insights of synergistic actions of virulence factors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1135588. [PMID: 37215132 PMCID: PMC10193291 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of Edwardsiella piscicida-induced enteritis is essential for global aquaculture. In the present study, we identified E. piscicida as a lethal pathogen of the big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) and revealed its pathogenic pattern and characteristics by updating our established bacterial enteritis model and evaluation system. Conjoint analysis of metagenomic and metabolomic data showed that 15 core virulence factors could mutually coordinate the remodeling of intestinal microorganisms and host metabolism and induce enteritis in the big-belly seahorse. Specifically, the Flagella, Type IV pili, and Lap could significantly increase the activities of the representative functional pathways of both flagella assembly and bacterial chemotaxis in the intestinal microbiota (P < 0.01) to promote pathogen motility, adherence, and invasion. Legiobactin, IraAB, and Hpt could increase ABC transporter activity (P < 0.01) to compete for host nutrition and promote self-replication. Capsule1, HP-NAP, and FarAB could help the pathogen to avoid phagocytosis. Upon entering epithelial cells and phagocytes, Bsa T3SS and Dot/Icm could significantly increase bacterial secretion system activity (P < 0.01) to promote the intracellular survival and replication of the pathogen and the subsequent invasion of the neighboring tissues. Finally, LPS3 could significantly increase lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis (P < 0.01) to release toxins and kill the host. Throughout the pathogenic process, BopD, PhoP, and BfmRS significantly activated the two-component system (P < 0.01) to coordinate with other VFs to promote deep invasion. In addition, the levels of seven key metabolic biomarkers, Taurine, L-Proline, Uridine, L-Glutamate, Glutathione, Xanthosine, and L-Malic acid, significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and they can be used for characterizing E. piscicida infection. Overall, the present study systematically revealed how a combination of virulence factors mediate E. piscicida-induced enteritis in fish for the first time, providing a theoretical reference for preventing and controlling this disease in the aquaculture of seahorses and other fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lele Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Longwu Jia
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Hansheng Yan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Longkun Gao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yanan Tian
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaolei Su
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Chunhui Lv
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhenhao Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Research and Development Center of Science, Technology and Industrialization of Seahorses, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu J, Shao R, Lan Y, Liao X, Zhang J, Mai K, Ai Q, Wan M. Vitamin D 3 protects turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) from bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:25-33. [PMID: 34450270 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports that vitamin D3 (VD3) possesses immunomodulatory properties besides its classical actions in calcium and bone homeostasis. In this study, juvenile turbots were fed with the diets containing 0 IU/kg VD3 or the optimum dose of 400 IU/kg VD3 for 8 weeks. To investigate the effects of VD3 on anti-infectious immunity in fish, 107 CFU Edwardsiella tarda was injected intraperitoneally to each juvenile turbot after the feeding trial. Our results showed that the mortality of infected turbots with dietary VD3 was much lower than that in VD3 deficient group, and the supplementation of dietary VD3 significantly reduced the bacterial load in the spleen of infected turbots. Further analysis demonstrated that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in haemocytes and lysozyme activity in serum was elevated, and the responses of T cells and B cells were modulated in VD3-supplemented turbots. Moreover, the inflammation was significantly exacerbated in the infected turbots fed with 0 IU/kg VD3 compared to the fish fed with 400 IU/kg VD3. In addition, the head kidney macrophages (HKMs) in turbots were isolated and incubated with VD3in vitro, the results showed that VD3 significantly promoted the bactericidal activity in HKMs. In conclusion, our study has shown clear evidence that VD3 positively regulates the innate and adaptive immunity in fish, which is beneficial to the defense in fish against pathogen infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yawen Lan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinmeng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Wan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen D, Peng S, Chen D, Yang F, Liu J, Wang J, Liu Q, Huang X, Ouyang P, Wang K, Li Z, Geng Y. Low lethal doses of Streptococcus iniae caused enteritis in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:654-662. [PMID: 32561456 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In aquaculture, the incidence of enteritis due to Streptococcus iniae infection in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) has increased in recent years. The pathogenesis of S. iniae is largely unknown due to the paucity of experimental studies on fish intestinal inflammation. In this study, S. iniae infection of A. baerii juveniles was induced by anal intubation of 0.15 mL at a low lethal dose (2 × 107 CFU/mL). Intestinal pathology and gene expression studies were conducted within 10 days of the experiment. Histopathological examination showed severe intestinal lesions, inflammatory cell infiltration, intestinal submucosa edema, epithelial cell shedding and necrosis. Predominant symptoms of exudative inflammation, metamorphic inflammation and proliferative inflammation on days 1-3, 4-6, and 7-10 post infection were shown, respectively. Ultrastructural observations also revealed fractured microvilli and shedding on days 4-6. Intestinal villi gradually repaired during the subsequent 7-10 days post infection. Expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1β were up-regulated on days 1-3 followed by a significant decrease on day 5, ultimately reaching control levels on day 10 post infection. A similar pattern was shown in mucus cells, involving mucin secretion and expression of the mucin encoding gene, Mucin-2. These results showed the cellular response to S. iniae infection associated with inflammatory genes expression in the Siberian sturgeon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Defang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shuang Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Daiyu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qiwei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yi Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|