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Wang Y, Liu J, Xiao H, Sun H, Hu H, Ma X, Zhang A, Zhou H. Dietary intakes of vitamin D promote growth performance and disease resistance in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1189-1203. [PMID: 38427282 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD3) is an essential nutrient for fish and participates in a variety of physiological activities. Notably, both insufficient and excessive supplementation of VD3 severely impede fish growth, and the requirements of VD3 for fish vary considerably in different species and growth periods. The present study aimed to evaluate the appropriate requirements of VD3 for juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) according to growth performance and disease prevention capacity. In this study, diets containing six supplemental levels of VD3 (0, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, and 4800 IU/kg diet) were formulated to investigate the effect(s) of VD3 on the growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, and antimicrobial ability in juvenile grass carp. Compared with the VD3 deficiency group (0 IU/kg), the supplementation of 300-2400 IU/kg VD3 significantly enhanced growth performance and increased antioxidant enzyme activities in the fish liver. Moreover, dietary supplementation of VD3 significantly improved the intestinal health by manipulating the composition of intestinal microbiota in juvenile grass carp. In agreement with this notion, the mortality of juvenile grass carp fed with dietary VD3 was much lower than that in VD3 deficient group upon infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. Meanwhile, dietary supplementation of 300-2400 IU/kg VD3 reduced bacterial load in the spleen and head kidney of the infected fish, and 1200 IU/kg VD3 supplementation could decrease enteritis morbidity and increase lysozyme activities in the intestine. These findings strengthened the essential role of dietary VD3 in managing fish growth and antimicrobial capacity. Additionally, based on weight gain ratio and lysozyme activities, the appropriate VD3 requirements for juvenile grass carp were estimated to be 1994.80 and 2321.80 IU/kg diet, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Xiao
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengyi Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Anying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China.
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Han P, Tang J, Xu X, Meng P, Wu K, Sun B, Song X. Identification of the grass carp interleukin-23 receptor and its proinflammatory role in intestinal inflammation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130946. [PMID: 38521334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The interleukin 23 receptor (IL-23R) is associated with a variety of inflammatory diseases in humans and other mammals. However, whether IL-23R is involved in inflammatory diseases in teleost fish is less understood. Thus, to investigate the potential involvement of IL-23R in fish inflammatory diseases, the full-length cDNA of IL-23R from grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella was cloned and used to generate a recombinant protein (rgcIL-23R) containing the extracellular domain of IL-23R, against which a polyclonal antibody (rgcIL-23R pAb) was then developed. qPCR analysis revealed that IL-23R mRNA was significantly upregulated in most grass carp tissues in response to infection with Gram-negative Aeromonas hydrophila. Treatment with rgcIL-23R significantly induced IL-17A/F1 expression in C. idella kidney (CIK) cells. By contrast, knockdown of IL-23R caused significant decreases in IL-23R, STAT3, and IL-17N expression in CIK cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Similarly, rgcIL-23R pAb treatment effectively inhibited the LPS-induced increase in the expression of IL-23 subunit genes and those of the IL-23/IL-17 pathway in CIK cells. Furthermore, intestinal symptoms identical to those caused by A. hydrophila were induced by anal intubation with rgcIL-23R, but suppressed by rgcIL-23R pAb. Therefore, these results suggest that IL-23R has a crucial role in the regulation of intestinal inflammation and, thus, is a promising target for controlling inflammatory diseases in farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Han
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Tang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xufang Xu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pengkun Meng
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kang Wu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bingyao Sun
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xuehong Song
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Lyu L, Wen H, Li Y, Wang X, Li J, Zuo C, Yan S, Qi X. PGE2 functions in ovoviviparous teleost black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii): evolutionary status between parturition and ovulation†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:140-153. [PMID: 37812450 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish have evolved various reproductive strategies including oviparity, viviparity, and ovoviviparity, which undoubtedly affect the survival of the whole species continuity. As the final step in reproduction, parturition in viviparous vertebrate and ovulation in oviparous teleost seem to share a similar mechanism, when prostaglandins (PGs) act as the trigger to launch the whole process. In the present study, ovoviviparous teleost black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) is employed as the research object. Intraperitoneal injection showed that PGE2 (500 μg/kg) could activate the delivery reactions in perinatal black rockfish. RNA-seq data of ovary in perinatal period revealed transcriptional change in cell junction, inflammation, and apoptosis, which is related to mammal parturition and teleost ovulation. Further results proved the positive correlation between ptger EP2 and previous mentioned pathways. Subsequent experiment proved that PGE2 was able to induce the ovulation and spawning in unfertilized individuals, which had a bilayer follicular structure compared to monolayer follicular in perinatal period black rockfish. Both unfertilized and perinatal ovary matrix could response to PGE2 stimulation. In conclusion, the function of PGE2 in activating both parturition and ovulation in a relatively different pathways conserved with viviparity or oviparity provided novel evidence of the evolutionary status of ovoviviparous vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Jianshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Chenpeng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Shaojing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
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Wu H, Fu Q, Teng Y, Mu P, Chen J, Chen X. The identification and expression of an interleukin-21 receptor in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10121-10129. [PMID: 37921979 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08827-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We identified a homologue of IL-21R (LcIL-21R) in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea, Lc). Our investigation focused on understanding the molecular structural features and immune function of LcIL-21R. METHODS We cloned the LcIL-21R gene from the genome of Larimichthys crocea by RT‒PCR, and the molecular and structural characteristics of LcIL-21R were analyzed by a series of protein analysis tools. We used real-time PCR to investigate the tissue distribution of LcIL-21R, and LcIL-21R gene expression regulation was also measured in head kidney leukocytes under trivalent bacterial vaccine or poly (I:C) stimulation. RESULTS The open reading frame (ORF) of the LcIL-21R gene is 1629 bp long and encodes a precursor protein of 542 amino acids (aa), with a 23-aa signal peptide and a 519-aa mature peptide containing four putative N-glycosylation sites. LcIL-21R has two fibronectin type III (FNIII)-like domains (D1 and D2), a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic region. A conserved WSXWS motif was also found in the D2 domain. The predicted structure of the extracellular region of LcIL-21R (LcIL-21R-Ex) is highly similar to that of human IL-21R. LcIL-21R was constitutively expressed in all tissues examined, and LcIL-21R mRNA levels were increased in the head kidney and spleen upon inactivated trivalent bacterial vaccine or poly(I:C) stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that LcIL-21R shares structural and functional properties with IL-21Rs found in other vertebrates, indicating its potential involvement in the IL-21-mediated immune response to pathogenic infections. These findings contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary conservation of IL-21 signaling and its role in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qiuling Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Yan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Pengfei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jingjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No.15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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Yuan G, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Jia Z, Chen K, Wang J, Feng H, Zou J. The Biological Functions and Intestinal Inflammation Regulation of IL-21 in Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella) during Infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. Cells 2023; 12:2276. [PMID: 37759501 PMCID: PMC10528265 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL) 21 is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. In fish, the biological functions and cell source of IL-21 remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed qRT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescent microscopy to examine the expression of IL-21 at the mRNA and protein levels. We found that il21 expression was induced in the primary head kidney leukocytes of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by heat-inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) and LPS and in tissues after infection with A. hydrophila. Recombinant IL-21 protein produced in the CHO-S cells was effective in elevating the expression of antibacterial genes, including β-defensin and lysozyme, and, interestingly, inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, we investigated the response of the IL-21 expressing cells to A. hydrophila infection. Immunofluorescent assay showed that IL-21 protein was detected in the CD3γ/δ T cells and was markedly accumulated in the anterior, middle and posterior intestine. Collectively, the results indicate that IL-21 plays an important role in regulating the intestinal inflammation induced by bacterial infection in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (G.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.J.); (K.C.); (J.W.)
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (G.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.J.); (K.C.); (J.W.)
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (G.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.J.); (K.C.); (J.W.)
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (G.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.J.); (K.C.); (J.W.)
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Kangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (G.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.J.); (K.C.); (J.W.)
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (G.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.J.); (K.C.); (J.W.)
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China;
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (G.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.J.); (K.C.); (J.W.)
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China
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Yang Y, Zhu X, Liu Y, Xu N, Ai X, Zhang H. Effects of diets rich in Agaricus bisporus polysaccharides on the growth, antioxidant, immunity, and resistance to Yersinia ruckeri in channel catfish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108941. [PMID: 37463648 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
To promote the application of Agaricus bisporus polysaccharides (ABPs) in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) culture, we evaluated the effects of ABPs on the growth, immunity, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of channel catfish. When the amount of ABPs was 250 mg/kg, channel catfish's weight gain and specific growth rates increased significantly while the feed coefficient decreased. We also found that adding ABPs in the feed effectively increased the activities of ACP, MDA, T-SOD, AKP, T-AOC, GSH, and CAT enzymes and immune-related genes such as IL-1β, Hsp70, and IgM in the head kidney of channel catfish. Besides, long-term addition will not cause pathological damage to the head kidney. When the amount of ABPs was over 125 mg/kg, the protection rate of channel catfish was more than 60%. According to the intestinal transcriptome analysis, the addition of ABPs promoted the expression of intestinal immunity genes and growth metabolism-related genes and enriched multiple related KEEG pathways. When challenged by Yersinia ruckeri infection, the immune response of channel catfish fed with ABPs was intenser and quicker. Additionally, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that the composition of the intestinal microbial community of channel catfish treated with ABPs significantly changed, and the abundance of microorganisms beneficial to channel catfish growth, such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidota increased. In conclusion, feeding channel catfish with ABPs promoted growth, enhanced immunity and antioxidant, and improved resistance to bacterial infections. Our current results might promote the use of ABPs in channel catfish and even other aquacultured fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Xia Zhu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China.
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Zhang Y, Su J. Interleukin-2 family cytokines: An overview of genes, expression, signaling and functional roles in teleost. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:104645. [PMID: 36696924 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-2 (IL-2) family cytokines include IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21, which share γ chain (γc) subunit in receptors. The IL-2 family cytokines have unique biological effects that regulate differentiation, survival and activation of multiple lymphocyte lineages. Deficiency of IL-2 family signaling pathway in mammals prevents CD4+ T cells from developing effector functions and CD8+ T cells from developing immunological memory. In the present review, we addressed available information from teleost IL-2 family cytokines and discussed implications in teleost immunity. Also, we described and discussed their expression profiles, receptors, signaling transductions and functions. In teleost, IL-2 family has 5 members (IL-2, IL-4/13, IL-7, IL-15, IL-21) without IL-9, and their receptors share a common γc subunit and include other 6 subunits (IL-2Rβ1/2, IL-4Rα1/2, IL-13Rα1/2, IL-7Rα, IL-15Rα, and IL-21Rα1/2). Some paralogues have changes in domain structure and show differential expression, modulation, functions. IL-2 family cytokines constitutively express in many immune associated tissues and are largely induced after pathogenic microbial stimulation. In general, there are relatively conserved functions in the IL-2 family throughout vertebrates, and many of the key IL-2 family members are important in lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, development, inflammation from fishes to mammals. This review will give an update on the effective information of teleost IL-2 family cytokines. Thus, it will provide a source of reference for other researchers/readers and inspire further interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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8
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Feng J, Jia Z, Yuan G, Zhu X, Liu Q, Wu K, Wang J, Zou J. Expression and functional characterization of three β-defensins in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:104616. [PMID: 36565823 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
β-defensins (BDs) are a group of cysteine-rich cationic antimicrobial peptides and play important roles in the first line of defense against infection. In this study, the expression and antibacterial activities of three grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (Ci) β-defensin (BD) peptides were comparatively investigated. Expression analysis reveals that CiBD1-3 were constitutively expressed in tissues, with the highest expression detected in the skin. The CiBD-1 transcripts were more abundant than CiBD-2 and CiBD-3. In the primary head kidney leukocytes, CiBDs were induced by PHA, LPS, poly(I:C) and cytokines such as IL-1β and IFN-γ. In vivo challenge of fish with Aeromonas hydrophila resulted in the up-regulation of CiBDs in the head kidney and hindgut. To determine the biological activities, recombinant CiBD proteins were produced in the HEK293-F cells and purified for the minimum inhibitory concentration assay. It was found that all three recombinant CiBD proteins were effective to inhibit the growth of Gram-negative fish bacterial pathogens including Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Flavobacterium columnare and Klebsiella pneumoniae and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. CiBD-2 and CiBD-3 were more effective than CiBD-1. Our results demonstrate that all the three CiBDs have broad antibacterial activity against fish bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Gaoliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Kaizheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China.
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9
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Gao S, Han C, Ye H, Chen Q, Huang J. Transcriptome analysis of the spleen provides insight into the immunoregulation of Scortum barcoo under Streptococcus agalactiae infection. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 245:114095. [PMID: 36116237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Jade perch (Scortum barcoo) is a freshwater fish with substantial economic value, which has been widely cultivated all over the world. However, with the intensification and expansion of farming, several bacterial and viral diseases have occurred in jade perch. To understand the immune response of jade perch against Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS), we performed a histopathological examination and transcriptome sequencing of jade perch spleen after artificial bacterial infection. GBS infection can cause structural changes and even necrosis of the jade perch spleen, which may affect the survival of infected individuals. A total of 144,458 unigenes were obtained through de novo assembly of spleen transcriptome. Among them, 1821 unigenes were identified as DEGs, including 1415 up-regulated and 406 down-regulated unigenes in the infection group. Moreover, the analysis of GO and KEGG revealed that many GO terms and pathways were involved in the host immune response, such as Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and TNF signaling pathway. In addition, according to transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis, the expression levels of many cytokines that participate in the inflammatory response changed a lot after GBS infection. Overall, this transcriptomic analysis provided valuable information for studying the immune response of jade perch against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songze Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chong Han
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 51006, PR China.
| | - Hangyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, MEE, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Jianrong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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10
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Wei H, Qiu X, Lv M, Liu X. Expression analysis of grass carp Foxp3 and its biologic effects on CXCL-8 transcription in non-lymphoid cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 134:104447. [PMID: 35597302 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Teleost Forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) expression was discovered not only in regulatory T cells (Tregs) but also in other cells. Compared to the extensive study on its roles in lymphoid cells, the expression pattern and biological roles of Foxp3 in non-lymphoid cells have not been elucidated in both mammals and fish species. In the present study, grass carp Foxp3 (gcFoxp3) mRNA expression was detected in different cell types, showing that it has a moderate expression level in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) and grass carp fibroblast-like kidney cells (CIK cells). Interestingly, gcFoxp3 mRNA and protein expression could be significantly stimulated by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) in CIK cells, indicating its participation in poly I:C-induced immune response in non-lymphoid cells. To further investigate the function of gcFoxp3, its overexpression plasmid was constructed and transfected into CIK cells. After 24 h of transfection, grass carp C-X-C chemokine ligand (CXCL) 8 (gcCXCL-8) mRNA expression was elevated, implying the modulatory role of gcFoxp3 in gcCXCL-8 mRNA expression. This notion was further supported by the features of gcCXCL-8 promoter which contained a putative Foxp3 binding site at -2196 to -2190 region. Poly I:C or overexpression of gcFoxp3 obviously stimulated gcCXCL-8 promoter activity and deletion of gcFoxp3 binding region on the promoter abolished this stimulation, revealing that Foxp3 is pivotal for transcription of CXCL-8 induced by poly I:C. In conclusion, our results collectively demonstrate expression pattern of teleost Foxp3, and illuminate novel immune function of fish Foxp3 in regulating chemokine transcription in non-lymphoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wei
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingyang Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Lv
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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11
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Jiang Z, Jia Y, Zhang J, Li X, Dong C. Effect of secondary attack by Aeromonas hydrophila on the expression level of hif genes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:907-917. [PMID: 35385592 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (hifs) are involved in infectious diseases inflammatory reactions, and immune regulation. Common carp, a representative allotetraploid species that has undergone genome-wide replication events, has important research value. In this study, common carp were infected twice with Aeromonas hydrophila. Liver tissues of common carp were collected at 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 3 days, 7 days post-first infection and 4 h, 12 h, 24 h post-second infection. The mRNA levels of hif genes were determined at different time points. The hif2a-2, hif3a-2, hif3b-1 and hif3b-2 expression levels in the infected group were upregulated when compared with those in the control group, whereas the expression levels of other genes were downregulated after the second infection. This indicates that the effect of A. hydrophila infection on gene expression pattern is dependent on the host, pathogen, infected tissue and gene. Pressure analysis of the hif gene family revealed that the non-synonymous substitution to synonymous substitution ratio of 12 hif genes was <1, which indicated that they were in a state of purification and selection. Combined with the differences between copy genes, the polyclonal antibodies against Hif1b-1 and Hif1b-2 were successfully prepared in this study. Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression of Hif1b-1 and Hif1b-2 reached to the highest level 48 h after the first infection. After the second A. hydrophila infection, the protein expression levels of Hif1b-1 and Hif1b-2 reached the highest levels at 4 and 48 h, respectively. This may indicate that the Hif1b-1 and Hif1b-2 genes in common carp play an important role in the immune mechanism at the protein level. The findings of this study will lay the foundation for future studies on the immune regulatory function of common carp hif genes, which may aid in devising novel therapeutic strategies for common carp diseases, such as A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Jiang
- Research Center on Legal Issues Concerning Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers, College of Fishery, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yingying Jia
- Research Center on Legal Issues Concerning Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers, College of Fishery, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiangfan Zhang
- Research Center on Legal Issues Concerning Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers, College of Fishery, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Research Center on Legal Issues Concerning Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers, College of Fishery, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chuanju Dong
- Research Center on Legal Issues Concerning Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers, College of Fishery, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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12
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Li D, Cui Z, Zhao F, Zhu X, Tan A, Deng Y, Lai Y, Huang Z. Characterization of snakehead (Channa argus) interleukin-21: Involvement in immune defense against two pathogenic bacteria, in leukocyte proliferation, and in activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:207-217. [PMID: 35278639 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a crucial immune regulatory molecule, belongs to the common γ-chain family of type I cytokines, and exerts pleiotropic effects on multiple immune cell types in mammals. However, the characteristics and functions of fish IL-21 remain unclear. To further investigate the molecular mechanism of IL-21 in teleosts, we first cloned and identified the IL-21 gene (designated shIL-21) of the snakehead (Channa argus). The full-length open reading frame of shIL-21 is 438 bp in length, and encodes a predicted protein of 145 amino acid residues. A sequence analysis showed that shIL-21 has the typical structural characteristics of other IL-21 proteins, containing four α-helices and four conserved cysteine residues. In a phylogenetic analysis, shIL-21 clustered within a subgroup of IL-21 proteins from other teleost species and shared its closest evolutionary relationship with that of Lates calcarifer. The expression analysis showed that shIL-21 was ubiquitously expressed in all the healthy snakehead tissues tested, albeit at different levels. After infection with Nocardia seriolae or Aeromonas schubertii, the relative expression of shIL-21 was mainly upregulated in the head kidney and spleen in vivo. Similarly, after stimulation with the three pathogen analogues lipoteichoic acid, lipopolysaccharides, and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, the expression of shIL-21 was also induced in head kidney leukocytes in vitro. A recombinant shIL-21 protein was expressed and purified, and promoted the proliferation of head kidney leukocytes, induced the expression of genes encoding critical signaling molecules in the Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, including JAK1, JAK3, STAT1, and STAT3, and induced the expression of endogenous shIL-21 and genes encoding several key proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and IL-1β). Taken together, these preliminary findings suggest that shIL-21 is involved in the immune defense against bacterial infection, in leukocyte proliferation, and in the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway. They thus extend the functional studies of IL-21 in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhengwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Xueqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Aiping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yuting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yingtiao Lai
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
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13
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Qiu X, Sun H, Wang D, Ren J, Wang X, Zhang A, Yang K, Zhou H. Stimulus-Specific Expression, Selective Generation and Novel Function of Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella) IL-12 Isoforms: New Insights Into the Heterodimeric Cytokines in Teleosts. Front Immunol 2021; 12:734535. [PMID: 34603315 PMCID: PMC8481787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of a p35 subunit specific to IL-12 and a p40 subunit shared with IL-23. In this study, we unveiled the existence of two p35 paralogues in grass carp (named gcp35a and gcp35b). Notably, gcp35a and gcp35b displayed distinct inducible expression patterns, as poly I:C merely induced the gene expression of gcp35a but not gcp35b, while recombinant grass carp interferon-gamma (rgcIfn-γ) only enhanced the transcription of gcp35b but not gcp35a. Moreover, the signaling mechanisms responsible for the inducible expression of gcp35a and gcp35b mRNA were elucidated. Because of the existence of three grass carp p40 genes (gcp40a, gcp40b and gcp40c) and two p35 paralogues, six gcIl-12 isoforms were predicted by 3D modeling. Results showed that gcp40a and gcp40b but not gcp40c had the potential for forming heterodimers with both gcp35 paralogues via the disulfide bonds. Non-reducing electrophoresis experiments further disclosed that only gcp40b but not gcp40a or gcp40c could form heterodimers with gcp35 to produce secretory heterodimeric gcp35a/gcp40b (gcIl-12AB) and gcp35b/gcp40b (gcIl-12BB), which prompted us to prepare their recombinant proteins. These two recombinant proteins exhibited their extensive regulation on Ifn-γ production in various immune cells. Intriguingly, both gcIl-12 isoforms significantly enhanced the transcription of il-17a/f1 and il-22 in lymphocytes, and their regulation on il-17a/f1 expression was mediated by Stat3/Rorγt signaling, supporting the potential of gcIl-12 isoforms for inducing Th17-like responses. Additionally, stimulatory effects of gcIl-12 isoforms on il-17a/f1 and ifn-γ expression were attenuated by gcTgf-β1 via suppressing the activation of Stat3 signaling, implying that their signaling could be manipulated. In brief, our works provide new insights into the inducible expression pattern, heterodimeric generation and functional novelty of Il-12 isoforms in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingqi Ren
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Anying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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14
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Xia B, Shen X, He Y, Pan X, Liu FL, Wang Y, Yang F, Fang S, Wu Y, Duan Z, Zuo X, Xie Z, Jiang X, Xu L, Chi H, Li S, Meng Q, Zhou H, Zhou Y, Cheng X, Xin X, Jin L, Zhang HL, Yu DD, Li MH, Feng XL, Chen J, Jiang H, Xiao G, Zheng YT, Zhang LK, Shen J, Li J, Gao Z. SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-like pathological damages and constitutes an antiviral target. Cell Res 2021; 31:847-860. [PMID: 34112954 PMCID: PMC8190750 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine storm and multi-organ failure are the main causes of SARS-CoV-2-related death. However, the origin of excessive damages caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains largely unknown. Here we show that the SARS-CoV-2 envelope (2-E) protein alone is able to cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-like damages in vitro and in vivo. 2-E proteins were found to form a type of pH-sensitive cation channels in bilayer lipid membranes. As observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, heterologous expression of 2-E channels induced rapid cell death in various susceptible cell types and robust secretion of cytokines and chemokines in macrophages. Intravenous administration of purified 2-E protein into mice caused ARDS-like pathological damages in lung and spleen. A dominant negative mutation lowering 2-E channel activity attenuated cell death and SARS-CoV-2 production. Newly identified channel inhibitors exhibited potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and excellent cell protective activity in vitro and these activities were positively correlated with inhibition of 2-E channel. Importantly, prophylactic and therapeutic administration of the channel inhibitor effectively reduced both the viral load and secretion of inflammation cytokines in lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE-2). Our study supports that 2-E is a promising drug target against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xurui Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feipu Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sui Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zilei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoli Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuqing Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangrui Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hao Chi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangqu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Xin
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming-Hua Li
- Kunming National High-level Biosafety Research Center for Non-human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Li Feng
- Kunming National High-level Biosafety Research Center for Non-human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiekai Chen
- Center for Cell Fate and Lineage (CCLA), Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Joint School of Life Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gengfu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- Kunming National High-level Biosafety Research Center for Non-human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Lei-Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jingshan Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jia Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Zhongshan Institute of Drug Discovery, Institution for Drug Discovery Innovation, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhaobing Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Zhongshan Institute of Drug Discovery, Institution for Drug Discovery Innovation, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Xu J, Wang J, Min Q, Wang W, Qin Y, Lei L, Gao Q, Zou J. Characterisation of IL-21 and IL-21Rα in grass carp: IL-21-producing cells are upregulated during Flavobacterium columnare infection. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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