1
|
Mao Z, Li S, Li Y, Jia T. The bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, its epidemiology, virulence factors, vaccine development, and host-pathogen interactions. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2024; 36:181-191. [PMID: 38402543 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pseudomoans plecoglossicida has been identified as a fish pathogen since 2000 and has caused serious infections in cultured Large Yellow Croakers Larimiththys crocea in coastal eastern China during recent years. METHODS Published literatures of this pathogen have been reviewed. RESULT Several strains with high genomic similarity have been isolated and identified; the bacteria induce natural infection at lower water temperatures (12.0-25.5°C) and induce numerous granulomas and nodules in the visceral organs of croakers. Researchers have investigated the epidemiology of P. plecoglossicida infection, identified major virulence factors, searched for pathogenic genes, analyzed host-pathogen interactions, and endeavored to develop efficient vaccines. CONCLUSION This paper provides an overview of these research advances to elucidate the virulence mechanisms of the pathogen and to promote vaccine development against infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Mao
- Biological and Environmental College, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Biological and Environmental College, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yiying Li
- Biological and Environmental College, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Biological and Environmental College, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang Y, Xu S, He H, Zhu X, Liu Y, Ai X, Chen Y. Mechanism of sturgeon intestinal inflammation induced by Yersinia ruckeri and the effect of florfenicol intervention. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116138. [PMID: 38394759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism by which Y. ruckeri infection induces enteritis in Chinese sturgeon remains unclear, and the efficacy of drug prevention and control measures is not only poor but also plagued with numerous issues. We conducted transcriptomic and 16 S rRNA sequencing analyses to examine the differences in the intestinal tract of hybrid sturgeon before and after Y. ruckeri infection and florfenicol intervention. Our findings revealed that Y. ruckeri induced the expression of multiple inflammatory factors, including il1β, il6, and various chemokines, as well as casp3, casp8, and multiple tumor necrosis factor family members, resulting in pathological injury to the body. Additionally, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota increased, while the abundance of Plesiomonas and Cetobacterium decreased at the genus level, altering the composition of the intestinal flora. Following florfenicol intervention, the expression of multiple apoptosis and inflammation-related genes was down-regulated, promoting tissue repair. However, the flora became further dysregulated, increasing the risk of infection. In conclusion, our analysis of the transcriptome and intestinal microbial composition demonstrated that Y. ruckeri induces intestinal pathological damage by triggering apoptosis and altering the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Florfenicol intervention can repair pathological damage, but it also exacerbates flora imbalance, leading to a higher risk of infection. These findings help elucidate the molecular mechanism of Y. ruckeri-induced enteritis in sturgeon and evaluate the therapeutic effect of drugs on intestinal inflammation in sturgeon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Key Laboratory of Sturgeon Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou Qiandao Lake Sturgeon Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311799, China
| | - Shijian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sturgeon Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou Qiandao Lake Sturgeon Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311799, China.
| | - Hao He
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang D, Zhao L, Li Q, Huang L, Qin Y, Wang P, Zhu C, Yan Q. The involvement of the T6SS vgrG gene in the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:1097-1108. [PMID: 37401135 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, the causative agent of white spot disease of large yellow croaker, has caused serious economic losses to the aquaculture industry. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a significant virulence system widely distributed among Gram-negative bacteria. VgrG, a structural and core component of T6SS, is crucial to the function of T6SS. To explore the biological profiles mediated by vgrG gene and its effects on the pathogenicity of P. plecoglossicida, the vgrG gene deletion (ΔvgrG) strain and complementary (C-ΔvgrG) strain were constructed and the differences in pathogenicity and virulence-related characteristics between different strains were analysed. The results showed that vgrG gene deletion significantly affected the virulence-related characteristics of P. plecoglossicida, including chemotaxis, adhesion, and biofilm formation. In addition, the LD50 of ΔvgrG strain was nearly 50-fold higher than that of the NZBD9 strain. Transcriptome data analysis suggested that the vgrG gene may affect the virulence of P. plecoglossicida by regulating the quorum sensing pathway to inhibit the secretion of virulence factors and affect biofilm formation. Besides, deletion of the vgrG gene may reduce bacterial pathogenicity by affecting bacterial signal transduction processes and the ability to adapt to chemotactic substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dou Yang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qi Li
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Functional Feed and Environmental Regulation of Fujian Province, Fujian Dabeinong Aquatic Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzhong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Functional Feed and Environmental Regulation of Fujian Province, Fujian Dabeinong Aquatic Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He L, Zhao L, Li Q, Huang L, Qin Y, Zhuang Z, Wang X, Huang H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Yan Q. Pseudomonas plecoglossicida fliP gene affects the immune response of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ to infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108971. [PMID: 37481102 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a pathogen that causes visceral white spot disease in a variety of teleosts. The protein encoded by fliP gene is involved in the assembly of bacterial flagella, which plays a vital role in bacterial pathogenicity. However, the roles of the fliP gene on the host immune response remain unclear. Here, we compared the pathogenicity of fliP gene-deleted (ΔfliP) strain, fliP gene-complemented (C-ΔfliP) strain and wild-type (NZBD9) strain of P. plecoglossicida to hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂), and explored the impacts of fliP gene on the immune response of hybrid grouper to P. plecoglossicida infection by using RNA-seq. In this study, the grouper in the ΔfliP strain-infected group had a 30% higher survival rate than those in the NZBD9 strain-infected group. In addition, the deletion of fliP gene decreased bacterial load in the spleen, intestine, liver as well as head kidney of hybrid grouper and the tissues damage were weakened. Moreover, the infection of hybrid grouper spleen by the ΔfliP strain induced 1,189 differential expression genes compared with the counterpart infected by NZBD9 strain. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 9 immune-related pathways, 5 signal transduction pathways, and 3 signaling molecules and interaction pathways were significantly enriched. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the ΔfliP strain mainly up-regulated the expression of inflammation related genes (IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, IL-10, CXCL8, CXCL10) and immune regulation related genes (TLR2, P65, MyD88, P85, AKT), but down-regulated the expression of cell death related genes (FoxO1, Bim, PLK2 and LDHA) during infection. Based on the above results, fliP gene contributed to the pathogenicity of P. plecoglossicida to hybrid grouper (E. fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂), deletion of fliP gene promoted the inflammation and immune response of hybrid grouper to P. plecoglossicida infection, which accelerating host clearance of pathogen and reducing tissue damages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Qi Li
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Zhixia Zhuang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Xiaoru Wang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Huabin Huang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Jiaonan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Feed for Fujian, Fujian Tianma Technology Company Limited, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350308, China
| | - Jiaolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Feed for Fujian, Fujian Tianma Technology Company Limited, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350308, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Robinson NA, Robledo D, Sveen L, Daniels RR, Krasnov A, Coates A, Jin YH, Barrett LT, Lillehammer M, Kettunen AH, Phillips BL, Dempster T, Doeschl‐Wilson A, Samsing F, Difford G, Salisbury S, Gjerde B, Haugen J, Burgerhout E, Dagnachew BS, Kurian D, Fast MD, Rye M, Salazar M, Bron JE, Monaghan SJ, Jacq C, Birkett M, Browman HI, Skiftesvik AB, Fields DM, Selander E, Bui S, Sonesson A, Skugor S, Østbye TK, Houston RD. Applying genetic technologies to combat infectious diseases in aquaculture. REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE 2023; 15:491-535. [PMID: 38504717 PMCID: PMC10946606 DOI: 10.1111/raq.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Disease and parasitism cause major welfare, environmental and economic concerns for global aquaculture. In this review, we examine the status and potential of technologies that exploit genetic variation in host resistance to tackle this problem. We argue that there is an urgent need to improve understanding of the genetic mechanisms involved, leading to the development of tools that can be applied to boost host resistance and reduce the disease burden. We draw on two pressing global disease problems as case studies-sea lice infestations in salmonids and white spot syndrome in shrimp. We review how the latest genetic technologies can be capitalised upon to determine the mechanisms underlying inter- and intra-species variation in pathogen/parasite resistance, and how the derived knowledge could be applied to boost disease resistance using selective breeding, gene editing and/or with targeted feed treatments and vaccines. Gene editing brings novel opportunities, but also implementation and dissemination challenges, and necessitates new protocols to integrate the technology into aquaculture breeding programmes. There is also an ongoing need to minimise risks of disease agents evolving to overcome genetic improvements to host resistance, and insights from epidemiological and evolutionary models of pathogen infestation in wild and cultured host populations are explored. Ethical issues around the different approaches for achieving genetic resistance are discussed. Application of genetic technologies and approaches has potential to improve fundamental knowledge of mechanisms affecting genetic resistance and provide effective pathways for implementation that could lead to more resistant aquaculture stocks, transforming global aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Robinson
- Nofima ASTromsøNorway
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Diego Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Rose Ruiz Daniels
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Andrew Coates
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ye Hwa Jin
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Luke T. Barrett
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Institute of Marine Research, Matre Research StationMatredalNorway
| | | | | | - Ben L. Phillips
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Tim Dempster
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory—Temperate and Tropical (SALTT)School of BioSciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrea Doeschl‐Wilson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Francisca Samsing
- Sydney School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of SydneyCamdenAustralia
| | | | - Sarah Salisbury
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Dominic Kurian
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Mark D. Fast
- Atlantic Veterinary CollegeThe University of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPrince Edward IslandCanada
| | | | | | - James E. Bron
- Institute of AquacultureUniversity of StirlingStirlingScotlandUK
| | - Sean J. Monaghan
- Institute of AquacultureUniversity of StirlingStirlingScotlandUK
| | - Celeste Jacq
- Blue Analytics, Kong Christian Frederiks Plass 3BergenNorway
| | | | - Howard I. Browman
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Ecosystem Acoustics GroupTromsøNorway
| | - Anne Berit Skiftesvik
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Ecosystem Acoustics GroupTromsøNorway
| | | | - Erik Selander
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Samantha Bui
- Institute of Marine Research, Matre Research StationMatredalNorway
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang D, Zhao L, Li Q, Huang L, Qin Y, Wang P, Zhu C, Yan Q. flgC gene is involved in the virulence regulation of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida and affects the immune response of Epinephelus coioides. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108512. [PMID: 36587883 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a pathogen of cultured teleosts, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida has caused significant economic losses. flgC plays an important role in encoding flagellar basal-body rod proteins. Our previous studies revealed the high expression of P. plecoglossicida flgC in infected Epinephelus coioides. To explore the role of flgC in the virulence of P. plecoglossicida and the immune response of E. coioides to the infection of P. plecoglossicida, flgC gene of P. plecoglossicida was knocked down by RNA interference (RNAi). The results showed that the flgC gene in all four mutants of P. plecoglossicida was significantly knocked down, and the mutant with the best knockdown efficiency of 94.3% was selected for subsequent studies. Compared with the NZBD9 strain of P. plecoglossicida, the flgC-RNAi strain showed a significantly decrease in chemotaxis, motility, adhesion, and biofilm formation. Furthermore, compared with the E. coioides infected with the NZBD9 strain, the infection of flgC-RNAi strain resulted in the infected E. coioides a 1.5-day delay in the time of first death and an 80% increase in survival rate, far fewer white nodules upon the spleen surfaces, and lower pathogen load in the spleens. RNAi of flgC significantly influenced the metabolome and transcriptome of the spleen in infected E. coioides. KEGG enrichment analysis exhibited that the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway was the most enriched immune pathway; the most significantly enriched metabolic pathways were associated with Linoleic acid metabolism, Choline metabolism in cancer, and Glycerophospholipid metabolism. Further combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome indicated significant correlations among pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, beta-alanine metabolism, lysosome metabolites, and related genes. These results suggested that flgC was a pathogenic gene of P. plecoglossicida; flgC was associated with the regulation of chemotaxis, motility, biofilm formation, and adhesion; flgC influenced the immune response of E. coioides to the infection of P. plecoglossicida.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dou Yang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Qi Li
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Functional Feed and Environmental Regulation of Fujian Province, Fujian Dabeinong Aquatic Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363503, China
| | - Chuanzhong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Functional Feed and Environmental Regulation of Fujian Province, Fujian Dabeinong Aquatic Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363503, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nie W, Chen X, Tang Y, Xu N, Zhang H. Potential dsRNAs can be delivered to aquatic for defense pathogens. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1066799. [PMID: 36466329 PMCID: PMC9712207 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1066799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics to facilitate resistance to pathogens in aquatic animals is a traditional method of pathogen control that is harmful to the environment and human health. RNAi is an emerging technology in which homologous small RNA molecules target specific genes for degradation, and it has already shown success in laboratory experiments. However, further research is needed before it can be applied in aquafarms. Many laboratories inject the dsRNA into aquatic animals for RNAi, which is obviously impractical and very time consuming in aquafarms. Therefore, to enable the use of RNAi on a large scale, the methods used to prepare dsRNA need to be continuously in order to be fast and efficient. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the issue of biological safety. This review summarizes the key harmful genes associated with aquatic pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and parasites) and provides potential targets for the preparation of dsRNA; it also lists some current examples where RNAi technology is used to control aquatic species, as well as how to deliver dsRNA to the target hydrobiont.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Q, Jiang B, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Xu Z, Chen X, Huang Y, Jian J, Yan Q. Involvement and characterization of NLRCs and pyroptosis-related genes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:602-611. [PMID: 36150410 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an inflammatory and programmed cell death initiated by the formation of the inflammasome, which consists of NLR, ASC, and Caspase. Pyroptosis has received growing attention due to its association with innate immunity and various diseases. However, the involvement and induction of the NLRCs and pyroptosis-related genes in fish immunity remain poorly studied. In this study, several NLRCs and pyroptosis-related genes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were identified and characterized. Their involvement in bacterial infection and expression profiles in Nile tilapia lymphocyte responses were also assessed. Overall, three NLRC members (NOD1, NOD2, and NLRC3) and five pyroptosis-related genes (ASC1, Caspase1, Gsdme, NLRP3, and NLRP14) in Nile tilapia were cloned and characterized. The transcript levels of these molecules were broadly distributed in various tissues with comparatively high expression in the gills, intestine, and spleen. Their transcripts were also induced during Streptococcus agalactiae or Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Moreover, they were primarily expressed in T cells, NCCs, and Mo/Mφ and showed antibacterial and partially antiviral responses. The present study lays a theoretical foundation for further investigation of the pyroptosis mechanisms in fish as well as the evolution of the antiviral roles of pyroptosis in vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Baijian Jiang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yongxiong Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xinjin Chen
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
He R, Wang J, Lin M, Tian J, Wu B, Tan X, Zhou J, Zhang J, Yan Q, Huang L. Effect of Ferredoxin Receptor FusA on the Virulence Mechanism of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:808800. [PMID: 35392610 PMCID: PMC8981516 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.808800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is an aerobic Gram-negative bacterium, which is the pathogen of “Visceral white spot disease” in large yellow croaker. P. plecoglossicida is a temperature-dependent bacterial pathogen in fish, which not only reduces the yield of large yellow croaker but also causes continuous transmission of the disease, seriously endangering the healthy development of fisheries. In this study, a mutant strain of fusA was constructed using homologous recombination technology. The results showed that knockout of P. plecoglossicida fusA significantly affected the ability of growth, adhesion, and biofilm formation. Temperature, pH, H2O2, heavy metals, and the iron-chelating agent were used to treat the wild type of P. plecoglossicida; the results showed that the expression of fusA was significantly reduced at 4°C, 12°C, and 37°C. The expression of fusA was significantly increased at pH 4 and 5. Cu2+ has a significant inducing effect on the expression of fusA, but Pb2+ has no obvious effect; the expression of fusA was significantly upregulated under different concentrations of H2O2. The expression of the fusA gene was significantly upregulated in the 0.5~4-μmol/l iron-chelating agent. The expression level of the fusA gene was significantly upregulated after the logarithmic phase. It was suggested that fusA included in the TBDR family not only was involved in the transport of ferredoxin but also played important roles in the pathogenicity and environment adaptation of P. plecoglossicida.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongchao He
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Miaozhen Lin
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bi Wu
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohan Tan
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianchuan Zhou
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiachen Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Qingpi Yan, ; Lixing Huang,
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Qingpi Yan, ; Lixing Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qi W, Gao Q, Tian J, Wu B, Lin M, Qi S, Yan Q, Huang L. Immune responses and inorganic ion transport regulations of Epinephelus coioides in response to L321_RS13075 gene of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:599-609. [PMID: 34968707 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a well-known pathogen of viscera granulomas disease in fish, which has led to severe economic losses. In our previous study, L321_RS13075 was predicted to be a key virulence gene of P. plecoglossicida during the host-pathogen interaction with Epinephelus coioides. To investigate the role of L321_RS13075 in the regulation of virulence in P. plecoglossicida, a L321_RS13075 knock-down strain was constructed. And a significant reduction in the ability of colonization, intracellular survival, motility, biofilm formation, and adhesion was detected in the L321_RS13075 knock-down strain. Compared with the wild-type strain, the silence of L321_RS13075 in P. plecoglossicida resulted in a significant change in the transcriptome of infected Epinephelus coioides (E. coioides). Results of COG and GO analysis on E. coioides showed that genes related to immune responses and inorganic ion transport were significantly affected by L321_RS13075 of P. plecoglossicida. Meanwhile, the interactions of the genes related to immune responses and inorganic ion transport were predicted, and the important hub genes were identified. Taken together, the results indicated that L321_RS13075 was a virulent gene of P. plecoglossicida, which significantly affected the immune responses and inorganic ion transport in E. coioides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weilu Qi
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qiancheng Gao
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jing Tian
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Bi Wu
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Miaozhen Lin
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Shanni Qi
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed, Fujian Tianma Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang Y, Jiao J, Zhao L, Zhuang Z, Wang X, Fu Q, Huang H, Huang L, Qin Y, Zhang J, Yan Q. The contribution of exbB gene to pathogenicity of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida and its interactions with Epinephelus coioides. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:610-619. [PMID: 34968708 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To study the roles of the exbB gene in Pseudomonas plecoglossicida during interactions with Epinephelus coioides, five short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were designed and synthesized to silence the exbB gene in P. plecoglossicida which resulted in significant reductions in exbB mRNA expression. The mutant with the best silencing efficiency (89.3%) was selected for further study. Silencing exbB in the exbB-RNA interference (RNAi) strain resulted in a 70% increase in the survival rate and a 3-day delay in the onset of infection in E. coioides. Silencing of the exbB gene also resulted in a significant decrease in the number of white spots on the spleen surface and in the spleen pathogen load. The results of dual RNA-seq showed that exbB silencing in P. plecoglossicida also resulted in a significant change in both the pathogen and host transcriptomes in the spleens of infected E. coioides. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that silencing exbB caused significant changes in multiple signaling molecules and interaction- and immune system-related genes in E. coioides. Gene silencing also resulted in the differential expression of flagellar assembly and the bacterial secretion system in P. plecoglossicida during the infection period, and most of the DEGs were down-regulation. These host-pathogen interactions may make it easier for E. coioides to eliminate the exbB-RNAi strain of P. plecoglossicida, suggesting a significant decrease in the pathogenicity of this strain. These results indicated that exbB was a virulence gene of P. plecoglossicida which contributed a lot in the pathogen-host interactions with E. coioides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Jiping Jiao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Zhixia Zhuang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Xiaoru Wang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Qi Fu
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Huabin Huang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Jiaonan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Feed for Fujian, Fujian Tianma Technology Company Limited, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350308, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China; College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China; Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Feed for Fujian, Fujian Tianma Technology Company Limited, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350308, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiao J, Zhao L, Huang L, Qin Y, Su Y, Zheng W, Zhang J, Yan Q. The contributions of fliG gene to the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida and pathogen-host interactions with Epinephelus coioides. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:238-248. [PMID: 34634455 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a Gram-negative aerobic rod-shaped bacterium with polar flagella. It is the causative agent of visceral white spot disease in cultured fish, resulting in serious economic losses. In our previous study, RNA sequencing showed that the expression of the fliG gene in P. plecoglossicida is significantly up-regulated during infection of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). In this study, four P. plecoglossicida RNA interference (RNAi) mutants were successfully constructed by linking four short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), which target different sites of the fliG gene, to pCM130/tac, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of the fliG gene in P. plecoglossicida were significantly decreased in four mutants. The shRNA-335 mutant (fliG-RNAi strain) showed the best silencing efficiency (88.2%) and was thus chosen for further analysis. Electron microscopy indicated that the flagella of the fliG-RNAi strain of P. plecoglossicida were shorter and finer than those of the wild type strain. The fliG-RNAi strain also showed significantly decreased mobility, chemotaxis, adhesion, and biofilm formation. Furthermore, compared with wild type strain infection, E. coioides infected with the fliG-RNAi strain exhibited a 0.5-d delay in the time of first death and 55% reduction in accumulated mortality, as well as milder splenic symptoms. RNAi of the fliG gene significantly affected the transcriptomes of both pathogen and host in the infected spleens of E. coioides. KEGG analysis revealed that the flagellar assembly pathway, bacterial chemotaxis pathway, and starch and sucrose metabolism pathway were significantly enriched in the pathogen at 3 days post infection (dpi). In contrast, the complement and coagulation cascade pathway and antigen processing and presentation pathway were significantly enriched in the host at 3 dpi. More immune-related pathways were enriched at 5 dpi and more differentially expressed genes were found in the complement and coagulation cascade and antigen processing and presentation pathways. Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, hematopoietic cell lineage, and IgA-producing intestinal immune network pathways were significantly enriched in the host at 5 dpi. These results indicate that fliG is an important virulence gene of P. plecoglossicida and contributes to the pathogenicity of P. plecoglossicida as well as pathogen-host interactions with E. coioides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Jiao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yongquan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde, Fujian, 352000, China
| | - Weiqiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde, Fujian, 352000, China
| | - Jiaonan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Feed for Fujian, Fujian Tianma Technology Company Limited, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350308, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China; State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde, Fujian, 352000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Transcriptome analysis revealed multiple immune processes and energy metabolism pathways involved in the defense response of the large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea against Pseudomonas plecoglossicida. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100886. [PMID: 34418783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) aquaculture industry is suffering substantial financial losses caused by visceral white nodules disease resulting from Pseudomonas plecoglossicida infection. However, how L. crocea responds to P. plecoglossicida infection remains largely unknown. Here, we characterized the changes in the mRNA profile in the spleen of L. crocea upon P. plecoglossicida infection and explored the related defensive strategies. Sample clustering analysis and qRT-PCR indicated that P. plecoglossicida induced profound and reproducible transcriptome remodeling in the L. crocea spleen. Many innate immune-related genes, such as IL-17 signaling molecules, chemokines and chemokine receptors, complement components, TLR5 signaling molecules, and antimicrobial peptide hepcidins (Hamps), were upregulated by P. plecoglossicida and may play important roles in the L. crocea defense against P. plecoglossicida. The antibacterial activity of Hamp2-5 against P. plecoglossicida was further confirmed by using synthetic mature peptide of Hamp2-5. Additionally, significant enrichment of "Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis", "Citrate cycle" and "Oxidative phosphorylation" pathways and a significant upregulation of all 6 rate-limiting enzyme genes (HK1, PFK, PKM, CS, IDH2, DLST) in the Glycolysis and Citrate cycle pathways in P. plecoglossicida-infected fish suggested that ATP synthesis may be accelerated to ensure energy supply in response to pathogenic infection. Altogether, our results not only identified the key immune-related genes and immune pathways that participated in the defense response of L. crocea against P. plecoglossicida, but also revealed a novel defensive strategy involving ATP synthesis in this species.
Collapse
|
14
|
He L, Wang L, Zhao L, Zhuang Z, Wang X, Huang H, Fu Q, Huang L, Qin Y, Wang P, Yan Q. Integration of RNA-seq and RNAi reveals the contribution of znuA gene to the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida and to the immune response of Epinephelus coioides. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1831-1841. [PMID: 34339054 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is an important pathogen in aquaculture and causes serious economic losses. Our previous study indicated that znuA gene might play an important role in the pathogenicity of P. plecoglossicida. Five shRNAs were designed and synthesized to silence the znuA gene of P. plecoglossicida. Two of the five mutants of P. plecoglossicida exhibited significant reduction in the expression level of znuA mRNA with different efficiencies. The mutant with the highest silencing efficiency of 89.2% was chosen for further studies. Intrapleural injection of the znuA-RNAi strain at a dose of 105 cfu/fish did not cause the death of Epinephelus coioides, and no significant signs were observed at the spleen surface of infected E. coioides, while the counterpart E. coioides infected by the same dose of wild-type strain of P. plecoglossicida all died in 5 days post-infection (dpi). The expression of znuA gene of znuA-RNAi strain in E. coioides was always lower than that in wild-type strain of P. plecoglossicida. The pathogen load in the early stage of infection was higher than that in the later stage of infection. Although the infection of the znuA-RNAi strain of P. plecoglossicida could induce the production of antibodies in E. coioides, it failed to produce a good immune protection against the infection of wild-type strain of P. plecoglossicida. Compared with the transcriptome data of E. coioides infected by the wild-type strain of P. plecoglossicida, the transcriptome data of E. coioides infected by the znuA-RNAi strain of P. plecoglossicida have altered significantly. Among them, KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the focal adhesion pathway was significantly enriched and exhibited the largest number of 302 DEMs (differentially expressed mRNAs). These results showed that the immune response of E. coioides to P. plecoglossicida infection was significantly affected by the RNAi of znuA gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le He
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Luying Wang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhixia Zhuang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoru Wang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huabin Huang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qi Fu
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Functional Feed and Environmental Regulation of Fujian Province, Fujian Dabeinong Aquatic Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hu L, Zhao L, Zhuang Z, Wang X, Fu Q, Huang H, Lin L, Huang L, Qin Y, Zhang J, Yan Q. The Effect of tonB Gene on the Virulence of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida and the Immune Response of Epinephelus coioides. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:720967. [PMID: 34484162 PMCID: PMC8415555 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.720967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is the causative agent of "visceral white spot disease" in cultured fish and has resulted in serious economic losses. tonB gene plays a crucial role in the uptake of nutrients from the outer membranes in Gram-negative bacteria. The previous results of our lab showed that the expression of tonB gene of P. plecoglossicida was significantly upregulated in the spleens of infected Epinephelus coioides. To explore the effect of tonB gene on the virulence of P. plecoglossicida and the immune response of E. coioides, tonB gene of P. plecoglossicida was knocked down by RNAi; and the differences between the wild-type strain and the tonB-RNAi strain of P. plecoglossicida were investigated. The results showed that all of the four mutants of P. plecoglossicida exhibited significant decreases in mRNA of tonB gene, and the best knockdown efficiency was 94.0%; the survival rate of E. coioides infected with the tonB-RNAi strain was 20% higher than of the counterpart infected with the wild strain of P. plecoglossicida. Meanwhile, the E. coioides infected with the tonB-RNAi strain of P. plecoglossicida carried less pathogens in the spleen and less white spots on the surface of the spleen; compared with the wild-type strain, the motility, chemotaxis, adhesion, and biofilm formation of the tonB-RNAi strain were significantly attenuated; the transcriptome data of E. coioides infected with the tonB-RNAi strain were different from the counterpart infected with the wild strain of P. plecoglossicida; the antigen processing and presentation pathway and the complement and coagulation cascade pathway were the most enriched immune pathways. The results indicated that tonB was a virulence gene of P. plecoglossicida; tonB gene was involved in the regulation of motility, chemotaxis, adhesion, and biofilm formation; tonB gene affected the immune response of E. coioides to P. plecoglossicida infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Hu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhixia Zhuang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoru Wang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qi Fu
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huabin Huang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lili Lin
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiaonan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Feed for Fujian, Fujian Tianma Technology Company Limited, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China.,Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Feed for Fujian, Fujian Tianma Technology Company Limited, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu Y, Niu Y, Ye X, Zhu C, Tong T, Zhou Y, Zhou X, Cheng L, Ren B. Staphylococcus aureus Synergized with Candida albicans to Increase the Pathogenesis and Drug Resistance in Cutaneous Abscess and Peritonitis Murine Models. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081036. [PMID: 34451500 PMCID: PMC8398722 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mixed species of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans can cause infections on skin, mucosa or bloodstream; however, mechanisms of their cross-kingdom interactions related to pathogenesis and drug resistance are still not clear. Here an increase of S. aureus proliferation and biofilm formation was observed in S. aureus and C. albicans dual-species culture, and the synergistic pathogenic effect was then confirmed in both local (cutaneous abscess) and systemic infection (peritonitis) murine models. According to the transcriptome analysis of the dual-species culture, virulence factors of S. aureus were significantly upregulated. Surprisingly, the beta-lactams and vancomycin-resistant genes in S. aureus as well as azole-resistant genes in C. albicans were also significantly increased. The synergistic effects on drug resistance to both antibacterial and antifungal agents were further proved both in vitro and in cutaneous abscess and peritonitis murine models treated by methicillin, vancomycin and fluconazole. The synergistic interactions between S. aureus and C. albicans on pathogenesis and drug resistance highlight the importance of targeting the microbial interactions in polyspecies-associated infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (T.T.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yulong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Xingchen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (T.T.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chengguang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (T.T.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ting Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (T.T.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yujie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (T.T.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (T.T.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (L.C.); (B.R.)
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (T.T.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (L.C.); (B.R.)
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (T.T.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (L.C.); (B.R.)
| |
Collapse
|