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Wiciński M, Fajkiel-Madajczyk A, Kurant Z, Liss S, Szyperski P, Szambelan M, Gromadzki B, Rupniak I, Słupski M, Sadowska-Krawczenko I. Ashwagandha's Multifaceted Effects on Human Health: Impact on Vascular Endothelium, Inflammation, Lipid Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Outcomes-A Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2481. [PMID: 39125360 PMCID: PMC11314093 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera, commonly known as Ashwagandha, has been popular for many years. Numerous studies have shown that the extract of this plant, due to its wealth of active substances, can induce anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, adaptogenic, anti-arthritic, anti-stress, and antimicrobial effects. This review examines the impact of Ashwagandha extract on the vascular endothelium, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular outcomes. Studies have shown that Ashwagandha extracts exhibit an anti-angiogenic effect by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced capillary sprouting and formation by lowering the mean density of microvessels. Furthermore, the results of numerous studies highlight the anti-inflammatory role of Ashwagandha extract, as the action of this plant causes a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, withanolides, present in Ashwagandha root, have shown the ability to inhibit the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. Research results have also proved that W. somnifera demonstrates cardioprotective effects due to its antioxidant properties and reduces ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis. It seems that this plant can be successfully used as a potential treatment for several conditions, mainly those with increased inflammation. More research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms by which the substances contained in W. somnifera extracts can act in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wiciński
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.W.); (Z.K.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Anna Fajkiel-Madajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.W.); (Z.K.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Zuzanna Kurant
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.W.); (Z.K.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Sara Liss
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.W.); (Z.K.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Paweł Szyperski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.W.); (Z.K.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Monika Szambelan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.W.); (Z.K.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Bartłomiej Gromadzki
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.W.); (Z.K.); (S.L.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Iga Rupniak
- Department of Neonatology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (I.R.); (I.S.-K.)
| | - Maciej Słupski
- Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Iwona Sadowska-Krawczenko
- Department of Neonatology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (I.R.); (I.S.-K.)
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Eissa ESH, Khattab MS, Elbahnaswy S, Elshopakey GE, Alamoudi MO, Aljàrari RM, Munir MB, Kari ZA, Naiel MAE. The effects of dietary Spirulina platensis or curcumin nanoparticles on performance, body chemical composition, blood biochemical, digestive enzyme, antioxidant and immune activities of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:215. [PMID: 38773537 PMCID: PMC11106962 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Recently, prioritize has been given to using natural phytogenic or nano compounds as growth promoters and immunostimulants in fish diets as an alternative to antibiotics. AIMS The main propose of this trial was to determine the impact of supplementing diets with spirulina or curcumin nanoparticles on the performance and health indicators of Nile tilapia fingerlings. METHODS In a 56-day feeding trial, 180 tilapia fingerlings were assigned into three main groups, as follows: 1st, control group, 2nd, Spirulina platensis (SP; 5 g kg-1 diet) and 3rd, curcumin nanoparticles (CUR-NPs; 30 mg kg-1 diet). KEY RESULTS Incorporating tilapia diets with SP or CUR-NPs significantly improved performance, body chemical analysis, blood biochemical and hematological indices, digestive enzyme activities, and antioxidant and immunostimulant features compared to the control. CONCLUSION Fortified tilapia diets with CUR-NPs or SP efficiently boost the productivity and health of Nile tilapia fingerlings. IMPLICATIONS The research introduces new practical solutions for applying safe feed additives as alternatives to antibiotics in tilapia farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed Hemdan Eissa
- Fish Research Centre, Faculty of Agricultural Environmental Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, 45511, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Samia Elbahnaswy
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Gehad E Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Muna Omer Alamoudi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabab Mohamed Aljàrari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad B Munir
- Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali, Sinaut Campus, Tutong, TB1741, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Zulhisyam A Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli, 17600, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed A E Naiel
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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Trivedi SP, Dwivedi S, Trivedi A, Khan AA, Singh S, Yadav KK, Kumar V, Dwivedi S, Tiwari V, Awasthi Y. Dietary inclusion of Withania somnifera and Asparagus racemosus induces growth, activities of digestive enzymes, and transcriptional modulation of MyoD, MyoG, Myf5, and MRF4 genes in fish, Channa punctatus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 271:110944. [PMID: 38237655 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The present study explores growth potential of two medicinal herbs, Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha or 'A') and Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari or 'S') after their dietary inclusion in fish, Channa punctatus (13.5 ± 2 g; 11.5 ± 1 cm). Three hundred well-acclimatized fish were distributed into 10 groups- C (Control), S1 (1% S), S2 (2% S), S3 (3% S), A1 (1% A), A2 (2% A), A3 (3% A), AS1 (1% A and S), AS2 (2% A and S), and AS3 (3% A and S), each having 10 specimens. Fish were fed with these diets for 60 days. The study was performed in triplicate. Growth indices- weight gain (WG), specific growth rate percentage (SGR%), feed intake (FI), and condition factor (CF), after 30 and 60 days, were found significantly (p < 0.05) up-regulated in all the groups, except S1, when compared to the C. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in final body weight (FBW) was noticed in all the groups, except S1, after 60 days. Relative to the control group, activities of lipase and amylase in the gut tissue were elevated in all groups, at both sampling times, with the exception of lipase in S1 at 60 days, and amylase in S1 at day 30 and day 60 and S2 at day 60. The mRNA expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) was also found to be significantly (p < 0.05) up-regulated with the highest fold changes recorded in AS3 for myoD (3.93 ± 0.91); myoG (6.71 ± 0.30); myf5 (4.40 ± 0.33); MRF4 (4.94 ± 0.21) in comparison to the C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil P Trivedi
- Centre of Excellence in Fish Nutrigenomics, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India.
| | - Shikha Dwivedi
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Abha Trivedi
- Department of Animal Science, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly 243006, India
| | - Adeel Ahmad Khan
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Shefalee Singh
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Kamlesh K Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Bakkha Kheda, Unnao 209801, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Isabella Thoburn PG College, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Shraddha Dwivedi
- Department of Zoology, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Govt. Girls P. G. College, Aliganj, Lucknow, India
| | - Vidyanand Tiwari
- Institute of Food Processing and Technology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Yashika Awasthi
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Zahran E, Ahmed F, Hassan Z, Ibrahim I, Khaled AA, Palić D, El Sebaei MG. Toxicity Evaluation, Oxidative, and Immune Responses of Mercury on Nile Tilapia: Modulatory Role of Dietary Nannochloropsis oculata. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1752-1766. [PMID: 37491615 PMCID: PMC10859351 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the potential ameliorative effect of a dietary immune modulator, Nannochloropsis oculata microalga, on the mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced toxicity of Nile tilapia. Nile tilapia (45-50 g) were fed a control diet or exposed to ¼ LC50 of HgCl2 (0.3 mg/L) and fed on a medicated feed supplemented with N. oculata (5% and 10% (50 or 100 g/kg dry feed)) for 21 days. Growth and somatic indices, Hg2+ bioaccumulation in muscles, and serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were investigated. Antioxidant and stress-related gene expression analyses were carried out in gills and intestines. Histopathological examinations of gills and intestines were performed to monitor the traits associated with Hg2+ toxicity or refer to detoxification. Hg2+ toxicity led to significant musculature bioaccumulation, inhibited AChE activity, downregulated genes related to antioxidants and stress, and elicited histopathological changes in the gills and intestine. Supplementation with N. oculata at 10% was able to upregulate the anti-oxidative-related genes while downregulated the stress apoptotic genes in gills and intestines compared to the unexposed group. In addition, minor to no histopathological traits were detected in the gills and intestines of the N. oculata-supplemented diets. Our data showed the benefit of dietary N. oculata in suppressing Hg2+ toxicity, which might support its efficacy as therapeutic/preventive agent to overcome environmental heavy metal pollution in aquatic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Zahran
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Fatma Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Hassan
- Fish Disease Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
| | - Iman Ibrahim
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Khaled
- Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dušan Palić
- Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Mahmoud G El Sebaei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Palaniyappan S, Sridhar A, Kari ZA, Téllez-Isaías G, Ramasamy T. Potentials of Aloe barbadensis inclusion in fish feeds on resilience to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in freshwater fish Labeo rohita. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:1435-1459. [PMID: 37996691 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic bacterial pathogens can cause severe economic loss in aquaculture industry. An opportunistic pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila is responsible for Motile Aeromonas Septicemia, leading to high mortality rates in fish. The present study was focused on the efficacy of Aloe barbadensis replacing fishmeal diets on hematological, serum biochemical, antioxidant, histopathological parameters, and disease resistance against A. hydrophila infection in Labeo rohita. Isonitrogenous fishmeal replaced diets (FMR) were prepared with varying levels of A. barbadensis at D1 (0%) (control), D2 (25%), D3 (50%), D4 (75%) and D5 (100%) then fed to L. rohita. After 60 days of post-feeding, the experimental fish were challenged with A. hydrophila. Blood and organs were collected and examined at 1- and 15-days post infection (dpi). The results demonstrated that on 1 dpi, white blood cells (WBC), total protein, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were significantly increased in D3 diet fed groups. The D2 and D3 diet fed group showed decreasing trends of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and antioxidant enzymes activity on 15 dpi. The histopathological architecture results clearly illustrated that the D3 diet fed group had given a higher protective effect by reducing the pathological changes associated with A. hydrophila infection in liver, intestine and muscle. Higher percentage of survival rate was also observed in D3 diet fed group. Therefore, the present study suggested that the dietary administration of A. barbadensis up to 50% fishmeal replacement (D3 diet) can elicit earlier antioxidant activity, innate immune response and improve survival rate in L. rohita against A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivagaami Palaniyappan
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun Sridhar
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Malaysia
| | | | - Thirumurugan Ramasamy
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Abdel-Tawwab M, Abo Selema TAM, Khalil RH, El-Sabbagh N, Eldessouki EAA, Fawzy RM, Abd El-Naby AS. The growth performance, antioxidant and immune responses, and disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei fed on diets supplemented with Indian ginseng (Withania somnifera). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:19-27. [PMID: 35921930 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were fed on diets containing varying doses of Withania somnifera aqueous extract (WSAE) at a rate of 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg feed for 56 days. After the feeding trial, shrimps in all groups were challenged with the exposure to Vibrio harveyi for ten days during which animals' mortality was observed. It is noted that the dietary WSAE linearly and quadratically stimulated shrimp's growth indices particularly at the treatment of 2.0 g/kg feed. Compared to the control group, the WSAE-fed L. vannamei had significantly higher villi length, villi width, and absorption area particularly in the treatment of 2.0 g/kg feed. Furthermore, L. vannamei fed on WSAE-enriched diets consumed more feed and exhibited higher total proteolytic activity, lipase, and α-amylase activities as compared with the control group. The dietary WSAE at escalating levels linearly and quadratically enhanced the antioxidant activity (serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity, and reduced glutathione) and the immune response (total hemocyte counts, total protein, lysozyme, and phagocytic activity). Similarly, the mRNA expression levels of cMn-SOD, CAT, and GPx genes were linearly and quadratically upregulated in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei fed on WSAE-enriched diets (especially in the 2.0 g/kg feed treatment), while their lowest levels were significantly observed in the control group. On the other hand, malondialdehyde levels were significantly decreased in WSAE-supplemented shrimp groups, and its highest levels were observed in animals fed on the control diet. After the bacterial exposure, the survival rates of L. vannamei fed on 1.0 and 2.0 g WSAE/kg feed (61.3% and 66.7%, respectively) were higher than those in the control animals. Taken together, the results obtained herein indicate that inclusion of WSAE in diets of L. vannamei effectively enhanced the growth, antioxidant biomarkers, immune response, and resistance to the V. harveyi infection, particularly at the treatment of 2.0 g/kg feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, 44662, Egypt.
| | - Talal A M Abo Selema
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Riad H Khalil
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Nasser El-Sabbagh
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A A Eldessouki
- Department of Fish Health and Disease, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Reham M Fawzy
- Department of Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agricultural Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt
| | - Asmaa S Abd El-Naby
- Department of Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agricultural Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt
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Fang W, Liu Y, Chen Q, Xu D, Liu Q, Cao X, Hao T, Zhang L, Mai K, Ai Q. Palmitic acid induces intestinal lipid metabolism disorder, endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation by affecting phosphatidylethanolamine content in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. Front Immunol 2022; 13:984508. [PMID: 36059525 PMCID: PMC9437641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, intestinal homeostatic imbalance has emerged as a growing health challenge worldwide. Accumulating evidence reveals that excessive intake of saturated fatty acid (SFA) induces intestinal homeostatic imbalance. However, the potential molecular mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, we found that palm oil or palmitic acid (PA) treatment disturbed lipid metabolism homeostasis and triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation in the intestine or intestinal cells of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Interestingly, PA treatment significantly decreased phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) content in the intestinal cells. PE supplementation decreased triglyceride content in the intestinal cells induced by PA treatment by inhibiting fatty acid uptake and lipogenesis. PE supplementation suppressed ER stress. Meanwhile, PE supplementation alleviated inflammatory response through p38 MAPK-p65 pathway, reducing the damage of intestinal cells caused by PA treatment to some extent. Our work revealed that intestinal homeostatic imbalance caused by PA treatment was partly due to the decrease of PE content. PE consumption might be a nutritional strategy to regulate intestinal homeostasis in fish and even human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiuchi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiangde Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiufei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Hao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
- Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Qinghui Ai,
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Jamalludin NB, Manshoor N. Ethnobotanical importance, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological properties of Withania somnifera. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2022.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera belongs to the family of Solanaceae. It is widely used by the locals, especially in India, as a medicinal plant. W. somnifera is rich in alkaloid and steroidal lactone that account for various pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to review all the evidence on the ethnobotanical perspective of W. somnifera in some countries. This review also analyses the bioactive compounds that account for the pharmacological activities. The online medical literature databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar were used to search articles up to March 2022. W. somnifera is widely used in Asian and African countries like India and South Africa, Pakistan, Egypt, Jordan, and Lesotho. In India, W. somnifera is prepared by boiling and crushing the leaves and roots to make a tonic poultice, juice, and paste to treat bacterial infections and bruises. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that W. somnifera exerts pharmacological effects such as anti-Parkinson’s, anti-Alzheimer’s, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, antiarthritic, and antibacterial properties. Withaferin A and withanolide are the major bioactive compounds contributing to the pharmacological effects. W. somnifera is a valuable plant that has been used in traditional medicine systems for a long time and is supported by its wide range of pharmacological activities. The extensive medicinal uses of W. somnifera are a sign of its great potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Bariah Jamalludin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurhuda Manshoor
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lee PT, Yamamoto FY, Low CF, Loh JY, Chong CM. Gut Immune System and the Implications of Oral-Administered Immunoprophylaxis in Finfish Aquaculture. Front Immunol 2022; 12:773193. [PMID: 34975860 PMCID: PMC8716388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.773193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal immune system plays an important role in immune homeostasis regulation. It regulates the symbiotic host-microbiome interactions by training and developing the host's innate and adaptive immunity. This interaction plays a vital role in host defence mechanisms and at the same time, balancing the endogenous perturbations of the host immune homeostasis. The fish gastrointestinal immune system is armed with intricate diffused gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) that establish tolerance toward the enormous commensal gut microbiome while preserving immune responses against the intrusion of enteric pathogens. A comprehensive understanding of the intestinal immune system is a prerequisite for developing an oral vaccine and immunostimulants in aquaculture, particularly in cultured fish species. In this review, we outline the remarkable features of gut immunity and the essential components of gut-associated lymphoid tissue. The mechanistic principles underlying the antigen absorption and uptake through the intestinal epithelial, and the subsequent immune activation through a series of molecular events are reviewed. The emphasis is on the significance of gut immunity in oral administration of immunoprophylactics, and the different potential adjuvants that circumvent intestinal immune tolerance. Comprehension of the intestinal immune system is pivotal for developing effective fish vaccines that can be delivered orally, which is less labour-intensive and could improve fish health and facilitate disease management in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Fernando Y Yamamoto
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, United States
| | - Chen-Fei Low
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Jiun-Yan Loh
- Centre of Research for Advanced Aquaculture (CORAA), UCSI University, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Chou-Min Chong
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Van Doan H, Hoseinifar SH, Harikrishnan R, Khamlor T, Punyatong M, Tapingkae W, Yousefi M, Palma J, El-Haroun E. Impacts of pineapple peel powder on growth performance, innate immunity, disease resistance, and relative immune gene expression of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:311-319. [PMID: 33845121 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week growth trial was conducted to examine the efficacy of pineapple peel powder (PAPP) on growth rate and immunity of Nile tilapia, O. niloticus. Three hundred Nile tilapia (20.91 ± 0.11 g) were fed five diets containing different levels of PAPP at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 g kg-1 PAPP, respectively. After four and eight weeks of the feeding trial, growth rates, and immune responses were tested. A challenge test using Streptococcus agalactiae and relative immune gene expression were performed after eight weeks of PAPP feeding. It was found that skin mucus and serum lysozyme, skin mucus and serum peroxidase, alternative complement, phagocytosis, and respiratory burst activities were significantly increased with the addition of PAPP. The maximum (P ≤ 0.05) innate immune values were noted in fish fed 10 g kg-1 PAPP. Similarly, the up-regulation of IL1, IL8, and LBP gene expressions were also detected in fish fed PAPP diets, with the maximum value was found in 10 g kg-1 PAPP fed fish. The relative percentage of survival (RPS) of Oreochromis niloticus after the challenge test were (56.00%, 72.00%, 60.00%, and 44.00%) for the 5, 10, 20 and 40 g kg-1 PAPP diets, respectively. Fish fed the 10 g kg-1 PAPP supplemented diet achieved the highest (P < 0.05) survival rate against S. agalactiae. Growth and feed efficiency were outstandingly (P < 0.05) enhanced in the PAPP groups. In conclusion, PAPP can be potentially used as a feed additive in Nile tilapia culture under Biofloc system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Trisadee Khamlor
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Montri Punyatong
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Morteza Yousefi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Jorge Palma
- CCMAR, Universidad Do Algarve, FCT, Edificio 7, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ehab El-Haroun
- Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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