|
1
|
Liang K, Zhang M, Liang J, Zuo X, Jia X, Shan J, Li Z, Yu J, Xuan Z, Luo L, Zhao H, Gan S, Liu D, Qin Q, Wang Q. M1-type polarized macrophage contributes to brain damage through CXCR3.2/CXCL11 pathways after RGNNV infection in grouper. Virulence 2024; 15:2355971. [PMID: 38745468 PMCID: PMC11123556 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2355971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) is the most complex system of the body. The CNS, especially the brain, is generally regarded as immune-privileged. However, the specialized immune strategies in the brain and how immune cells, specifically macrophages in the brain, respond to virus invasion remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the potential immune response of macrophages in the brain of orange-spotted groupers (Epinephelus coioides) following red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection. We observed that RGNNV induced macrophages to produce an inflammatory response in the brain of orange-spotted grouper, and the macrophages exhibited M1-type polarization after RGNNV infection. In addition, we found RGNNV-induced macrophage M1 polarization via the CXCR3.2- CXCL11 pathway. Furthermore, we observed that RGNNV triggered M1 polarization in macrophages, resulting in substantial proinflammatory cytokine production and subsequent damage to brain tissue. These findings reveal a unique mechanism for brain macrophage polarization, emphasizing their role in contributing to nervous tissue damage following viral infection in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaishan Liang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minlin Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiantao Liang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Zuo
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianze Jia
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhong Shan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongyang Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijie Xuan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Luo
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihong Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songyong Gan
- Guangdong Marine Fishery Experiment Center, Agro-tech Extension Center of Guangdong Province, Huizhou, China
| | - Ding Liu
- Guangdong Havwii Agricultural Group Co. Ltd, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Fishery Institute of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Fishery Institute of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Kembou-Ringert JE, Hotio FN, Steinhagen D, Thompson KD, Surachetpong W, Rakus K, Daly JM, Goonawardane N, Adamek M. Knowns and unknowns of TiLV-associated neuronal disease. Virulence 2024; 15:2329568. [PMID: 38555518 PMCID: PMC10984141 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2329568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) is associated with pathological changes in the brain of infected fish, but the mechanisms driving the virus's neuropathogenesis remain poorly characterized. TiLV establishes a persistent infection in the brain of infected fish even when the virus is no longer detectable in the peripheral organs, rendering therapeutic interventions and disease management challenging. Moreover, the persistence of the virus in the brain may pose a risk for viral reinfection and spread and contribute to ongoing tissue damage and neuroinflammatory processes. In this review, we explore TiLV-associated neurological disease. We discuss the possible mechanism(s) used by TiLV to enter the central nervous system (CNS) and examine TiLV-induced neuroinflammation and brain immune responses. Lastly, we discuss future research questions and knowledge gaps to be addressed to significantly advance this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Japhette E. Kembou-Ringert
- Department of infection, immunity and Inflammation, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fortune N. Hotio
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kim D. Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, UK
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krzysztof Rakus
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janet M. Daly
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Niluka Goonawardane
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mikolaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Pethe A, Joshi S, Ali Dar T, Poddar NK. Revisiting the role of phospholipases in alzheimer's: crosstalk with processed food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39002140 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2377290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipases such as phospholipase-A, phospholipase-B, phospholipase-C and phospholipase-D are important functional enzymes of the cell membrane responsible for a variety of functions such as signal transduction, production of lipid mediators, metabolite digestion and playing a pathological role in central nervous system diseases. Phospholipases have shown an association with Alzheimer's disease and these enzymes have found a correlation with several metabolic pathways that can lead to the activation of inflammatory signals via astrocytes and microglial cells. We also highlighted unhealthy practices like smoking and consuming processed foods, rich in nitroso compounds and phosphatidic acid, which contribute to neuronal damage in AD through phospholipases. A few therapeutic approaches such as the use of inhibitors of phospholipase-D,phospholipase A2 as well as autophagy-mediated inhibition have been discussed to control the onset of AD. This paper serves as a crosstalk between phospholipases and their role in neurodegenerative pathways as well as their influence on other biomolecules of lipid membranes, which are acquired through unhealthy diets and possible methods to treat these anomalies occurring due to their metabolic disorder involving phospholipases acting as major signaling molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atharv Pethe
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Siddhi Joshi
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Liu Q, Li Y, Cao Y, Gu L, Li T, Liu Y, Song J, Wang W, Wang X, Li B, Liu S. Transcriptome Analysis of Brain and Skin Reveals Immune Responses to Acute Hypoxia and Reoxygenation in Pseudobagrus ussuriensis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:246. [PMID: 38254415 PMCID: PMC10812553 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudobagrus ussuriensis is an unscaled fish that is more susceptible to skin damage than scaled fish. To investigate the impacts of hypoxia and reoxygenation on skin and brain immunity, juvenile P. ussuriensis were subjected to hypoxia conditions (DO: 0.8 ± 0.05 mg/L) for durations of 0, 3, 6, and 12 h, followed by 12 h of reoxygenation (DO > 6 mg/L). Histological analysis showed a significant increase in the number of skin mucosal cells after 12 h of hypoxia and a significant decrease after 12 h of reoxygenation when compared to the control group. As the duration of hypoxia increased, an increase in antioxidant (SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA) and immune (cortisol, LZM) physiological parameters of the skin and brain appeared. The results of transcriptomic studies showed that the number of differential genes was greater in skin than in brain. Most of the immune pathways in both tissues under hypoxia conditions were all nonspecific immunity (TNF, IL-17, chemokines), while both tissues maintained their homeostasis through active energy supply and cell cycle regulation. Meanwhile, both physiological parameters and RNA transcriptome results showed that 12 h of reoxygenation could not completely eliminate the negative effects of 12 h of hypoxia. This study offers new insights into the immune responses of P. ussuriensis skin and brain during acute hypoxia and reoxygenation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Yuxing Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Yang Cao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Libo Gu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Tongyao Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Jing Song
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Weiwei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xianzong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Bugao Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Shaozhen Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Jinzhong 030800, China
| |
Collapse
|