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Liu Z, Guo Y, Qin C, Mu X, Zhang J. High-Throughput Sequencing Analysis Revealed a Preference for Animal-Based Food in Purple Sea Urchins. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:623. [PMID: 39194561 DOI: 10.3390/biology13080623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Sea urchins play an important role in marine ecosystems. Owing to limitations in previous research methods, there has been insufficient understanding of the food sources and ecological functional value of purple sea urchins, leading to considerable controversy regarding their functional positioning. We focused on Daya Bay as the research area, utilizing stable isotope technology and high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA and 18S rDNA to analyze sea urchins and their potential food sources in stone and algae areas. The results showed that the δ13C range of purple sea urchins in the stone area is -11.42~-8.17‱, and the δ15N range is 9.15~10.31‱. However, in the algal area, the δ13C range is -13.97~-12.44‱, and the δ15N range is 8.75~10.14‱. There was a significant difference in δ13C between the two areas (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in δ15N (p > 0.05). The main food source for purple sea urchins in both areas is sediment. The sequencing results of 18S rDNA revealed that, in the algal area, the highest proportion in the sea urchin gut was Molluska (57.37%). In the stone area, the highest proportion was Arthropoda (76.71%). The sequencing results of 16S rDNA revealed that, in the algal area, Bacteroidetes was the dominant group in the sea urchin gut (28.87%), whereas, in the stone area, Proteobacteria was the dominant group (37.83%). Diversity detection revealed a significant difference in the number of gut microbes and eukaryotes between the stone and algal areas (p < 0.05). The results revealed that the main food source of purple sea urchins in both areas is sediment, but the organic nutritional value is greater in the algal area, and the richness of microbiota and eukaryotes in the gut of purple sea urchins in the stone area is greater. These results indicated that purple sea urchins are likely omnivores and that the area where they occur impacts their growth and development. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the restoration of wild purple sea urchin resources and the selection of areas for restocking and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerui Liu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yu Guo
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Chuanxin Qin
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China
| | - Xiaohui Mu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Hu G, Yin L, Luo X, Miao Y, Yu J. A Duplex PCR Assay for Rapid Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Chryseobacterium in Large Yellow Croaker Fish. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:508-516. [PMID: 38708669 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Chryseobacterium cause an increasing number of diseases in fish, resulting in great economic losses in aquaculture. In addition, the disease infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae or Chryseobacterium exhibited the similar clinical symptoms in aquatic animals. However, there is no effective means for the simultaneous detection of co-infection and discrimination them for these two pathogens. Here, we developed a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on the outer membrane protein A (ompA) gene of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Chryseobacterium. The specificity and validity of the designed primers were confirmed experimentally using simplex PCR. The expected amplicons for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Chryseobacterium had a size of 663 and 1404 bp, respectively. The optimal condition for duplex PCR were determined to encompass a primer concentration of 0.5 μM and annealing temperature of 57°C. This method was analytical specific with no amplification being observed from the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli, Vibrio harveyi, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, Aeromonas hydrophila and Acinetobacter johnsonii. The limit of detection was estimated to be 20 fg of genomic DNA for Chryseobacterium and 200 fg for Klebsiella pneumoniae, or 100 colony-forming units (CFU) of bacterial cells in both cases. The duplex PCR was capable of simultaneously amplifying target fragments from genomic DNA extracted from the bacteria and fish liver. For practical validation of the method, 20 diseased fish were collected from farms, among which 4 samples were PCR-positive for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Chryseobacterium. The duplex PCR method developed here is time-saving, specific, convenient, and may prove to be an invaluable tool for molecular detection and epidemiological investigation of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Chryseobacterium in the field of aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaowei Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Longfei Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xi Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yingjie Miao
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Jianyun Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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Wang C, Li PF, Hu DG, Wang H. Effect of Clostridium butyricum on intestinal microbiota and resistance to Vibrio alginolyticus of Penaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108790. [PMID: 37169113 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) feeding on intestinal microorganisms and protection against infection by Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) in Penaeus vannamei (P. vannamei). We set up two groups, CG30 (fed normal feed) and CB30 (fed feed supplemented with C. butyricum), for the 30d C. butyricum feeding test, and four groups, CG (CG30 group injected with PBS), CB (CB30 group injected with PBS), VACG (CG30 group injected with V. alginolyticus), and VACB (CB30 group injected with V. alginolyticus), for the 24h infection test. The protective effect of C. butyricum against acute V. alginolyticus infection in P. vannamei was explained in terms of survival, histopathology, changes in enzyme activity, transcriptome analysis, and immune-related genes. We found that feeding C. butyricum significantly altered intestinal microbial populations' abundance and significantly reduced Vibrio spp. In the V. alginolyticus stress test, C. butyricum improved the survival rate and alleviated pathological changes in hepatopancreatic tissues, alleviated the reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenoloxidase (PO) activity caused by infection, and increased the lysozyme content in P. vannamei. VACB group compared with the VACG group, 1730 up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 2029 down-regulated DEGs were screened. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that dietary supplementation with C. butyricum suppressed the upregulation of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) transcription factors and the downregulation of prophenoloxidase (proPO), alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), and anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) induced by V. alginolyticus infection. In conclusion, feed supplementation with C. butyricum changed P. vannamei's population ratio of intestinal microorganisms. Moreover, C. butyricum has the potential to act as an inhibitor of V. alginolyticus infection and enhance the resistance of P. vannamei to V. alginolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation, Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Department of Horticulture, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation, Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation, Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Department of Horticulture, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China.
| | - Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation, Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
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