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Zhang Q, Liu L, Wang Y, Liu Q, Zhang M, Zhang X, Tang Z, Ding X, Zhang X, Shao L, Zhou Z, Wang S. Genetic identification of human remains from the Korean War. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:1356-1369. [PMID: 38549469 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
The genetic identification of skeletal remains from Chinese People's Volunteers (CPVs) of the Korean War has been challenging because of the degraded DNA samples and the lack of living close relatives. This study established a workflow for identifying CPVs by combining Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable regions I and II, autosomal STRs (aSTRs), and identity-informative SNPs (iiSNPs). A total of 20 skeletal remains of CPVs and 46 samples from their alleged relatives were collected. The success rate of DNA extraction from human remains was 100%. Based on Y-STRs, six remains shared the same male lineages with their alleged relatives. Meanwhile, mtDNA genotyping supports two remains sharing the same maternal lineages with their alleged relatives. Likelihood ratios (LRs) were further obtained from 27 aSTRs and 94 iiSNPs or 1936 iiSNPs to confirm their relationship. All joint pedigree LRs were >100. Finally, six remains were successfully identified. This pilot study for the systematic genetic identification of CPVs from the Korean War can be applied for the large-scale identification of CPVs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhen Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qiqi Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Minli Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhaobing Tang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoran Ding
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - XiuJuan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Liting Shao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
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Pedroza Matute S, Turvey K, Iyavoo S. Advancing human genotyping: The Infinium HTS iSelect Custom microarray panel (Rita) development study. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2024; 71:103049. [PMID: 38653142 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), as the most prevalent type of variation in the human genome, play a pivotal role in influencing human traits. They are extensively utilized in diverse fields such as population genetics, forensic science, and genetic medicine. This study focuses on the 'Rita' BeadChip, a custom SNP microarray panel developed using Illumina Infinium HTS technology. Designed for high-throughput genotyping, the panel facilitates the analysis of over 4000 markers efficiently and cost-effectively. After careful clustering performed on a set of 1000 samples, an evaluation of the Rita panel was undertaken, assessing its sensitivity, repeatability, reproducibility, precision, accuracy, and resistance to contamination. The panel's performance was evaluated in various scenarios, including sex estimation and parental relationship assessment, using GenomeStudio data analysis software. Findings show that over 95 % of the custom BeadChip assay markers were successful, with better performance of transitions over other mutations, and a considerably lower success rate for Y chromosome loci. An exceptional call rate exceeding 99 % was demonstrated for control samples, even with DNA input as low as 0.781 ng. Call rates above 80 % were still obtained with DNA quantities under 0.1 ng, indicating high sensitivity and suitability for forensic applications where DNA quantity is often limited. Repeatability, reproducibility, and precision studies revealed consistency of the panel's performance across different batches and operators, with no significant deviations in call rates or genotyping results. Accuracy assessments, involving comparison with multiple available genetic databases, including the 1000 Genome Project and HapMap, denoted over 99 % concordance, establishing the Rita panel's reliability in genotyping. The contamination study revealed insights into background noise and allowed the definition of thresholds for sample quality evaluation. Multiple metrics for differentiating between negative controls and true samples were highlighted, increasing the reliability of the obtained results. The sex estimation tool in GenomeStudio proved highly effective, correctly assigning sex in all samples with autosomal loci call rates above 97 %. The parental relationship assessment of family trios highlighted the utility of GenomeStudio in identifying genotyping errors or potential Mendelian inconsistencies, promoting the application of arrays such as Rita in kinship testing. Overall, this evaluation confirms the Rita microarray as a robust, high-throughput genotyping tool, underscoring its potential in genetic research and forensic applications. With its custom content and adaptable design, it not only meets current genotyping demands but also opens avenues for further research and application expansion in the field of genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiera Turvey
- IDna Genetics Limited, Scottow Enterprise Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR10 5FB, United Kingdom
| | - Sasitaran Iyavoo
- IDna Genetics Limited, Scottow Enterprise Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR10 5FB, United Kingdom; School of Chemistry, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7TS, United Kingdom.
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3
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Cho S, Shin E, Park YG, Choi SH, Choe EK, Bae JH, Lee JE, Lee SD. A novel approach of kinship determination based on the physical length of genetically shared regions of chromosomes. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:577-587. [PMID: 38180716 PMCID: PMC11024047 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determination of genetic relatedness between individuals plays a crucial role in resolving numerous civil cases involving familial relationships and in forensic investigation concerning missing persons. Short tandem repeats (STRs), known for their high degree of DNA polymorphism, have traditionally been the primary choice of DNA markers in genetic testing, but their application for kinships testing is limited to cases involving close kinship. SNPs have emerged as promising supplementary markers for kinship determination. Nevertheless, the challenging remains in discriminating between third-degree or more distant relatives, such as first cousins, using SNPs. OBJECTIVE To investigate a kinship analysis method for distant degree of familial relationships using high-density SNP data. METHODS A high-density SNP data from 337 individuals of Korean families using Affymetrix Axiom KORV1.0-96 Array was obtained for this study. SNPs were aligned by chromosomal positions, and identity-by-state (IBS) was determined, and then shared regions as consecutive SNPs with IBS of 1 or 2 were investigated. The physical lengths of these IBS segments were measured and summed them to create an Index, as a measure of kinship. RESULTS The kinship was determined by the physical length of shared chromosomal regions that are distinguished by each kinship. Using this method, the relationship was able be distinguished up to the fourth degree of kinship, and non-relatives were clearly distinguished from true relatives. We also found a potential for this approach to be used universally, regardless of microarray platforms for SNP genotyping and populations. CONCLUSION This method has a potential to determine the different degree of kinship between individuals and to distinguish non-relatives from true relatives, which can be of great help for practical applications in kinship determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Cho
- Institute of Forensic and Anthropological Science, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Seung Ho Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Ho Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Soong Deok Lee
- Institute of Forensic and Anthropological Science, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Ma G, Wang Q, Cong B, Li S. An approach to unified formulae for likelihood ratio calculation in pairwise kinship analysis. Front Genet 2024; 15:1226228. [PMID: 38384715 PMCID: PMC10879572 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1226228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The likelihood ratio (LR) can be an efficient means of distinguishing various relationships in forensic fields. However, traditional list-based methods for derivation and presentation of LRs in distant or complex relationships hinder code editing and software programming. This paper proposes an approach for a unified formula for LRs, in which differences in participants' genotype combinations can be ignored for specific identification. This formula could reduce the difficulty of by-hand coding, as well as running time of large-sample-size simulation. Methods: The approach is first applied to a problem of kinship identification in which at least one of the participants is alleged to be inbred. This can be divided into two parts: i) the probability of different identical by descent (IBD) states according to the alleged kinship; and ii) the ratio of the probability that specific genotype combination can be detected assuming the alleged kinship exists between the two participants to the similar probability assuming that they are unrelated, for each state. For the probability, there are usually recognized results for common identification purposes. For the ratio, subscript letters representing IBD alleles of individual A's alleles are used to eliminate differences in genotype combinations between the two individuals and to obtain a unified formula for the ratio in each state. The unification is further simplified for identification cases in which it is alleged that both of the participants are outbred. Verification is performed to show that the results obtained with the unified and list-form formulae are equivalent. Results: A series of unified formulae are derived for different identification purposes, based on which an R package named KINSIMU has been developed and evaluated for use in large-size simulations for kinship analysis. Comparison between the package with two existing tools indicated that the unified approach presented here is more convenient and time-saving with respect to the coding process for computer applications compared with the list-based approach, despite appearing more complicated. Moreover, the method of derivation could be extended to other identification problems, such as those with different hypothesis sets or those involving multiple individuals. Conclusion: The unified approach of LR calculation can be beneficial in kinship identification field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanju Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Cong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hainan Tropical Forensic Medicine Academician Workstation, Haikou, China
| | - Shujin Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Cui W, Chen M, Yang Y, Cai M, Lan Q, Xie T, Zhu B. Applications of 1993 single nucleotide polymorphism loci in forensic pairwise kinship identifications and inferences. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2023; 65:102889. [PMID: 37247510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2023.102889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Kinship testing plays critical roles in criminal investigations, missing person searches, civil disputes, as well as identifying disaster victims. The existing commonly used short tandem repeat (STR) loci have limited effectiveness in the identification of second-degree and more distant kinships. In this study, a total of 1993 SNP loci of 119 Chinese Han individuals from eight families were sequenced on the MGISEQ-2000RS platform. The system powers of this panel for kinship identifications were evaluated based on both the likelihood ratio (LR) and identical by state (IBS) methods. The results indicated that this panel could be used as an effective tool to kinship analyses including paternity testing, full sibling testing, second-degree kinships, and first cousin kinship analyses. Both the LR and IBS methods could be applied in distinguishing first-degree and second-degree pairs from unrelated individuals. Based on the 1993 SNP loci, LR>1000 and LR<0.001 are recommended as the thresholds of identifying first-cousin kinships from unrelated individuals, and the system power of such thresholds was 0.9470. Besides, kinship coefficients for different kinship pairs were estimated and then were used to predict the kinships for pairwise individuals. This panel performs an effective kinship inference power for the predictions of first-degree, second-degree kinships and unrelated individual pairs, while presenting low sensitivity in the prediction of first-cousin kinships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cui
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Golden Bridge Big Data Technology Co., LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Meiming Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Lan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Xie
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Du Q, Ma G, Lu C, Wang Q, Fu L, Cong B, Li S. Development and evaluation of a novel panel containing 188 microhaplotypes for 2nd-degree kinship testing in the Hebei Han population. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2023; 65:102855. [PMID: 36947934 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2023.102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Distant kinship identification is one of the critical problems in forensic genetics. As a new type of genetic marker defined and discussed in the last decade, the microhaplotype (MH) has drawn much attention in such identification owing to its specific advantages to traditional short tandem repeat (STR) or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. In this study, MH markers were screened step by step from the 1000 Genomes Project database, and a novel multiplex panel containing 188 MHs (in which 181 are reported the first time, while 1 was reported in a previous study and the other 6 have partial overlaps with known markers) was constructed for application in 2nd- and 3rd-degree kinship identification. Along with the construction, a novel MH nomenclature was proposed, in which the SNP position information they contained was taken into account to eliminate the possibility that the same locus was named differently interlaboratory. After a series of evaluations, the panel was shown to have good sequencing accuracy, high sensitivity, species specificity, and resistance to anti-PCR inhibitors or degradation. Population data of the 188 MHs were calculated based on the genetic information of 221 unrelated Hebei Han individuals, and the effective number of alleles (Ae) ranged from 2.0925 to 8.2634 (with an average of 2.9267). For the whole system, the cumulative matching probability (CMP), the cumulative power of exclusion in paternity testing of duos (CPEduo) and that of trios (CPEtrio) reached 2.8422 × 10-137, 1-1.3109 × 10-21, and 1-2.8975 × 10-39, respectively, indicating that this panel was satisfactory for individual identification and paternity testing. Then, the efficiency of the 188 MHs in 2nd- and 3rd-degree kinship testing was studied based on 30 extended families consisting of 179 2nd-degree and 121 3rd-degree relatives, as well as simulations of 0.5 million pairs of those two kinships. The results showed that clear opinions would be given in 83.36% of 2nd-degree identifications with a false rate less than 10-5, when the confirming and excluding thresholds of cumulative likelihood ratio (CLR) were set as 104 and 10-4, respectively. This panel is still not sufficient to solve the problem of 3rd-degree kinship identification alone, and approximately 300 or 870 MH loci would be needed in 2nd- or 3rd-degree kinship identification, respectively, to achieve a system efficiency not less than 0.99 with such a threshold set; such necessary numbers would be used only as a reference in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Du
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 361 Zhong Shan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guanju Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 361 Zhong Shan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chaolong Lu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 361 Zhong Shan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 361 Zhong Shan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lihong Fu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 361 Zhong Shan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Cong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 361 Zhong Shan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shujin Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 361 Zhong Shan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Youn BJ, Cho WC, Yoo S, Lee K, Kim CH. Identification of novel SNP markers for kinship analysis in the Korean population. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 342:111541. [PMID: 36565683 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Kinship testing using genetic markers such as short tandem repeats (STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is crucial for forensic analysis. Although STR markers have superior discriminatory power due to their highly polymorphic properties, they have several weak points in determining extended distant or complex relationships because of high mutation rates and low success rates in degraded samples. Therefore, SNPs are regarded as promising tools in forensic science because they have low mutation rates and small amplicon sizes. Herein, we propose an SNP panel consisting of 1400 autosomal SNPs obtained from the Korean National Standard Reference Variome (KoVariome) database. To evaluate its performance, in-silico analysis was performed using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 21 Korean families. Subsequently, to estimate pairwise relatedness, kinship coefficients were calculated using PLINK, and Welch's one-way ANOVA test with Games-Howell's pairwise comparison test was performed. As a result, the average kinship coefficients of first- (parent-offspring and full siblings), second- (grandparent-grandchildren and aunt/uncle-niece/nephew), and third- (first cousin and grandniece/grandnephew) degree relatives, and unrelated were 0.24, 0.11, - 0.054, and - 0.0082, respectively. Consequently, relatives (first and second degree) were distinguished from non-relatives; however, further studies are required to investigate more effective SNP markers for discriminating extended kinship. Nevertheless, the results of this study go beyond the scope of screening using the discovered 1400 SNPs in Korean families and suggest the applicability of kinship analysis in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Ju Youn
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, 10 Ipchun-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26460, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Cheol Cho
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, 10 Ipchun-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26460, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Suyeon Yoo
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, 10 Ipchun-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26460, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungmyung Lee
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, 10 Ipchun-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26460, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Cho Hee Kim
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, 10 Ipchun-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26460, the Republic of Korea.
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8
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Classical and Non-Classical HLA Alleles as Supplementary Markers in Indirect Kinship Parentage Testing. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A civil paternity investigation involving the parents of the deceased alleged father in order to establish a family relationship is presented. On the basis of the 23 autosomal short tandem repeat (aSTR) genotyping results, conclusive proof of paternity was not achieved, as the probability of paternity (W) was calculated to 0.99988. Additional genetic data of 17 classical and non-classical human leukocyte alleles (HLA) typing by next-generation sequencing (NGS) at a high-resolution level supported the hypothesis of grandpaternity over the hypothesis of coincidental paternal obligate allele (POA) sharing (total WaSTR&HLA = 0.9999998). The present study demonstrates the utility of 17 HLA genetic markers-typing in the solution of deficiency cases of disputed parentage.
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An Application of ITO Analysis in Secondary Kinship Identification. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4381979. [PMID: 35813415 PMCID: PMC9270131 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4381979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective As the methods of the paternity and kinship testing have been developed, the second-degree and more distant relationships remain challenging in forensic science. Currently, the ITO method is the mainstream method to clarify the kinship between two individuals. Methods In this study, the ITO algorithm was used to calculate the uncle-nephew index based on 55 autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) loci that were universally used for forensic identification. 19 STRs loci in Y chromosome were used for verification of the kinship. Results The cumulative uncle-nephew index between A and B was calculated to 0.993 by the analysis of the genotyping results of 21 STRs. When genotyping results of the other 34 STRs were added to the calculation algorithm, the cumulative uncle-nephew index between A and B was promoted to 227.928. Meanwhile, genotyping results of 17 Y-STRs loci showed that A and B shared the same Y-STRs haplotype that was in accord with the paternal inheritance law. Conclusion The biological uncle-nephew relationship between A and B are identified by applying the statistical principles and genetic technologies.
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Xu Q, Wang Z, Kong Q, Wang X, Huang A, Li C, Liu X. Improving the System Power of Complex Kinship Analysis by Combining Multiple Systems. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2022; 60:102741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Pilli E, Tarallo R, Riccia PL, Berti A, Novelletto A. Kinship assignment with the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit: Sources of error in simulated and real cases. Sci Justice 2022; 62:1-9. [PMID: 35033321 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kinship recognition between anonymous DNA samples is becoming a relevant issue in forensics, more so with the increasing number of DNA profiles in databanks. Also, NGS-based genotyping is being increasingly used in routine personal identification, to simultaneously type large numbers of markers of different kind. In the present work, we explored computationally and experimentally the performance of the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit in identifying the true relationship between two anonymous samples, distinguishing it from other possible relationships. We analyzed with Familias R series of 10,000 pairs with 9 different simulated relationships, corresponding to different degrees of autosomal sharing. For each pair we obtained likelihood ratios for five kinship hypotheses vs. unrelatedness, and used their ranking to identify the preferred relationship. We also typed 21 subjects from two pedigrees, representing from parent-child to 4th cousins relationships. As expected, the power for identifying the true relationship decays in the order of autosomal sharing. Parent-child and full siblings can be robustly identified against other relationships. For half-siblings the chance of reaching a significant conclusion is already small. For more distant relationships the proportion of cases correctly and significantly identified is 10% or less. Bidirectional errors in kinship attribution include the suggestion of relatedness when this does not exist (10-50%), and the suggestion of independence in pairs of individuals more than 4 generations apart (25-60%). The real cases revealed a relevant effect of genotype miscalling at some loci, which could only be partly avoided by modulating the analysis parameters. In conclusion, with the exception of first degree relatives, the kit can be useful to inform additional investigations, but does not usually provide probatory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pilli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro La Riccia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Berti
- Reparto Carabinieri Investigazioni Scientifiche, Sezione di Biologia, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Novelletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Zhou J, Wang Y, Xu E. Research progress on application of microhaplotype in forensic genetics. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021; 50:777-782. [PMID: 35347913 PMCID: PMC8931617 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a novel genetic marker, microhaplotype can be applied in the field of forensic genetics. Microhaplotype has the advantages of high polymorphism, low mutation rate, no stutter products and short amplification fragments. Microhaplotype can effectively detect mixture, and quantitatively analyze the contributors of mixture. DNA with severe fragmentation can be successfully genotyped by microhaplotype. It can be used as ancestry informative marker to effectively divide the global continental population according to genetic structure. Microhaplotype system can provide more information than traditional short tandem repeat and help to identify complex relationships. It can provide new ideas for tumor source identification, cell line identification and prenatal paternity testing. Here we review the applications of microhaplotype, intending to provide references for forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- 1. Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Wang
- 1. Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Enping Xu
- 1. Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- 2. Forensic Science Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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13
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Zhao GB, Ma GJ, Zhang C, Kang KL, Li SJ, Wang L. BGISEQ-500RS sequencing of a 448-plex SNP panel for forensic individual identification and kinship analysis. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 55:102580. [PMID: 34454122 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Next generation sequencing (NGS)-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping is widely used in the field of forensics. SNP genotyping data from several NGS platforms have been published, but forensic application trials of DNA nanoball sequencing platforms have been very limited. In this work, we developed a 448-plex SNP panel on the BGISEQ-500RS platform. The sequencing metrics of a total of 261 samples that were sequenced with this panel are reported in detail. The average sequencing depth was 8373 × and the average heterozygosity of the 448-plex assay was 0.85. Sensitivity analysis showed that 325 SNPs were successfully genotyped with as little as 50 pg of genomic DNA, with the mean quality score of the sequencing data above Q30. Forensic parameters were calculated based on the data of 142 unrelated Chinese Han individuals and the combined matching probability was as low as 5.21 × 10-101. Kinship analyses based on experiments and computer simulations showed that the 448-panel was as effective as the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit for second-degree kinship identification, and when the two panels were merged, the related pairs were almost completely distinguished from unrelated pairs. The 448-plex SNP panel on the BGISEQ-500RS platform provides a powerful tool for forensic individual identification and kinship analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Bin Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Guan-Ju Ma
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Ke-Lai Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Shu-Jin Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | - Le Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China.
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14
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Wu R, Chen H, Li R, Zang Y, Shen X, Hao B, Wang Q, Sun H. Pairwise kinship testing with microhaplotypes: Can advancements be made in kinship inference with these markers? Forensic Sci Int 2021; 325:110875. [PMID: 34166816 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Kinship testing based on genetic relatedness is one of the major tasks in forensic genetics. Although short tandem repeats (STRs) are the "gold standard" biomarkers for relationship testing, microhaplotypes (MHs) have also emerged as viable options for kinship elucidation. In this work, the kinship testing efficiency of 54 highly polymorphic MHs was studied in two extended families consisting of parent-offspring, full siblings, grandparent-grandchildren, uncle/aunt-nephew/nieces, and first cousins. In addition, ten-thousand pairs of different degrees of relationships were simulated using various datasets including 54 MHs, 27 STRs plus 94 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were included in the ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit (ForenSeq), 54 MHs plus loci in ForenSeq, and different subsets of 417-published MHs. The panels' system effectiveness in the kinship analysis were accessed by likelihood ratio distributions. The results showed that 54 MHs could be used in first-degree relationship testing with high reliability. The effectiveness of 54 MHs was slightly lower than ForenSeq but only by a narrow margin. Both 54 MHs and ForenSeq were not sufficient for distant relationship testing, and approximately 200 microhaplotypes with an average expected heterozygosity (He) = 0.79 were enough to determine second-degree relationships, but a panel of 417 MHs with an average He = 0.72 was not sufficient to first cousins testing according to the simulation analysis. In conclusion, 54 MHs could be used to serve as supplement markers for kinship testing; and well-established STR markers plus well-performing microhaplotype markers may become collective tools in forensic applications, though an enlarged pool of forensic markers is needed for distant relationship testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riga Wu
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Ran Li
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yu Zang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Shen
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Bo Hao
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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15
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Ren ZL, Zhang JR, Zhang XM, Liu X, Lin YF, Bai H, Wang MC, Cheng F, Liu JD, Li P, Kong L, Bo XC, Wang SQ, Ni M, Yan JW. Forensic nanopore sequencing of STRs and SNPs using Verogen's ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit and MinION. Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:1685-1693. [PMID: 33950286 PMCID: PMC8098014 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The MinION nanopore sequencing device (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Oxford, UK) is the smallest commercially available sequencer and can be used outside of conventional laboratories. The use of the MinION for forensic applications, however, is hindered by the high error rate of nanopore sequencing. One approach to solving this problem is to identify forensic genetic markers that can consistently be typed correctly based on nanopore sequencing. In this pilot study, we explored the use of nanopore sequencing for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and short tandem repeat (STR) profiling using Verogen’s (San Diego, CA, USA) ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit. Thirty single-contributor samples and DNA standard material 2800 M were genotyped using the Illumina (San Diego, CA, USA) MiSeq FGx and MinION (with R9.4.1 flow cells) devices. With an optimized cutoff for allelic imbalance, all 94 identity-informative SNP loci could be genotyped reliably using the MinION device, with an overall accuracy of 99.958% (1 error among 2926 genotypes). STR typing was notably error prone, and its accuracy was locus dependent. We developed a custom-made bioinformatics workflow, and finally selected 13 autosomal STRs, 14 Y-STRs, and 4 X-STRs showing high consistency between nanopore and Illumina sequencing among the tested samples. These SNP and STR loci could be candidates for panel design for forensic analysis based on nanopore sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Lin Ren
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Rong Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Meng Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Liu
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing, 100089, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Feng Lin
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Bai
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Chun Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Cheng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ding Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Kong
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chen Bo
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Qi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Ni
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiang-Wei Yan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Long J. Parentage analysis using genome-wide high-density SNP microarray. Gene 2021; 785:145605. [PMID: 33771603 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parentage analysis is a technology that uses genetic methods to verify or exclude relationships between individuals. STR technology is often used in parentage analysis. We received three sets of samples from three families. Each set of samples consisted of a male individual and a female individual. Their test requirements were meant to determine whether they were a paternity relationship, a sibling relationship, or grandparent-grandchild relationship. However, only one STR locus mismatch was detected in each group. Other family members to assist in testing could not be identified; therefore, other methods were needed to assist in judgment. Using high-density SNP microarrays, we analyzed the feasibility of its application in paternity analysis. RESULTS A total of 180 samples were tested, including 100 unrelated samples, and 74 samples from 30 families, and six samples from three families. The data were analyzed, grouped according to the chromosome of SNP, and the mismatching rate was counted. The total mismatching rate of SNP in unrelated individuals was 8-10 times higher than that of parent-child individuals. Individuals with a total mismatch rate of more than 5.3% were defined as individuals with no kinship, and the individuals with a total mismatch rate of less than 0.6% were defined as the individuals with a parent-child relationship. CONCLUSIONS Through the use of high-density gene chips for analysis, we also completed an auxiliary analysis of the kinship of the three families. The gene chip is a better method for auxiliary analysis of the kinship between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Long
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Qinzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Qinzhou, Guangxi 535099, PR China; Laboratory of Forensic, Judicial Authentication Institute of Qinzhou Jin Hai Wan, Qinzhou, Guangxi 535099, PR China; Qinzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology on Endemic Diseases, Qinzhou, Guangxi 535099, PR China.
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17
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Li R, Shen X, Chen H, Peng D, Wu R, Sun H. Developmental validation of the MGIEasy Signature Identification Library Prep Kit, an all-in-one multiplex system for forensic applications. Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:739-753. [PMID: 33523251 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Analyzing genetic markers in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes is helpful in various forensic applications, such as individual identifications and kinship analyses. However, most commercial kits detect these markers separately, which is time-consuming, laborious, and more error-prone (mislabelling, contamination, ...). The MGIEasy Signature Identification Library Prep Kit (hereinafter "MGIEasy identification system"; MGI Tech, Shenzhen, China) has been designed to provide a simple, fast, and robust way to detect appropriate markers in one multiplex PCR reaction: 52 autosomal STRs, 27 X-chromosomal STRs, 48 Y-chromosomal STRs, 145 identity-informative SNPs, 53 ancestry-informative SNPs, 29 phenotype-informative SNPs, and the hypervariable regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Here, we validated the performance of MGIEasy identification system following the guidelines of the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), assessing species specificity, sensitivity, mixture identification, stability under non-optimal conditions (degraded samples, inhibitor contamination, and various substrates), repeatability, and concordance. Libraries prepared using MGIEasy identification system were sequenced on a MGISEQ-2000 instrument (MGI Tech). MGIEasy-derived STR, SNP, and mtDNA genotypes were highly concordant with CE-based STR genotypes (99.79%), MiSeq FGx-based SNP genotypes (99.78%), and Sanger-based mtDNA genotypes (100%), respectively. This system was strongly human-specific, resistant to four common PCR inhibitors, and reliably amplified both low quantities of DNA (as low as 0.125 ng) and degraded DNA (~ 150 nt). Most of the unique alleles from the minor contributor were detected in 1:10 male-female and male-male mixtures; some minor Y-STR alleles were even detected in 1:1000 male-female mixtures. MGIEasy also successfully directly amplified markers from blood stains on FTA cards, filter papers, and swabs. Thus, our results demonstrated that MGIEasy identification system was suitable for use in forensic analyses due to its robust and reliable performance on samples of varying quality and quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Shen
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Peng
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Riga Wu
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Ma G, Cong B, Li S. AUCP: An indicator for system effectiveness of panels in pairwise distant kinship identification. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 316:110539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Garafutdinov RR, Sakhabutdinova AR, Slominsky PA, Aminev FG, Chemeris AV. A new digital approach to SNP encoding for DNA identification. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 317:110520. [PMID: 33031982 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Identification of individuals has become an urgent problem for mankind. In the last three decades, STR-based DNA identification has actively evolved along with traditional biometric methods. Nonetheless, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are now of great interest and a number of relevant SNP panels have been proposed for DNA identification. Here, a simple approach to SNP data digitization that can provide assigning a unique genetic identification number (GIN) to each person is proposed. The key points of this approach are as follows: 1) SNP data are digitized as whole 4-bit boxes in the most convenient binary format, where character "1" (YES) is assigned to revealed nucleotides, and character "0" (NO) to missing nucleotides after SNP-typing; 2) all SNPs should be considered tetra-allelic. Calculations showed that a 72-plex SNP panel is enough to provide the population with unique GINs, which can be represented in digital (binary or hexadecimal) or graphic (linear or two-dimensional) formats. Simple software for SNP data processing and GINs creation in any format was written. It is likely that the national and global GIN databases will facilitate the solution of problems related to identification of individuals or human biological materials. The proposed approach may be extended to other living organisms as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravil R Garafutdinov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054, prosp. Oktyabrya, 71, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.
| | - Assol R Sakhabutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054, prosp. Oktyabrya, 71, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
| | - Petr A Slominsky
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123182, Kurchatov sq. 2, Moscow, Russia
| | - Farit G Aminev
- Bashkir State University, 450076, Zaki Validi str., 32, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
| | - Alexey V Chemeris
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054, prosp. Oktyabrya, 71, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
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20
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Liu Y, Jin X, Mei S, Lan Q, Fang Y, Liu C, Zhu B. A set of novel multi‐allelic SNPs for forensic application developed through massively parallel sequencing and its examples of population genetic studies. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:2036-2046. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Liu
- Multi‐Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification; Department of Forensic Genetics School of Forensic Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaoye Jin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi P. R. China
- College of Forensic Medicine Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Shuyan Mei
- Multi‐Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification; Department of Forensic Genetics School of Forensic Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Qiong Lan
- Multi‐Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification; Department of Forensic Genetics School of Forensic Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yating Fang
- Multi‐Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification; Department of Forensic Genetics School of Forensic Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Multi‐Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification; Department of Forensic Genetics School of Forensic Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Multi‐Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification; Department of Forensic Genetics School of Forensic Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi P. R. China
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21
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Jin X, Zhang X, Shen C, Liu Y, Cui W, Chen C, Guo Y, Zhu B. A Highly Polymorphic Panel Consisting of Microhaplotypes and Compound Markers with the NGS and Its Forensic Efficiency Evaluations in Chinese Two Groups. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091027. [PMID: 32883034 PMCID: PMC7565596 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel genetic markers like microhaplotypes and compound markers show promising potential in forensic research. Based on previously reported single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphism loci, 29 genetic markers including 22 microhaplotypes and seven compound markers were identified. Genetic distributions of the 29 loci in five continental populations, Kazak and Mongolian groups in China were investigated. We found that the expected heterozygosity values of these 29 loci were >0.4 in these populations, indicating these loci were relatively high polymorphisms. Population genetic analyses of five continental populations showed that five loci displayed relatively high genetic variations among these continental populations and could be useful markers for ancestry analysis. In summary, the 29 loci displayed relatively high genetic diversities in continental populations and Chinese two groups and could be informative loci for forensic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Jin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (Y.G.)
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Xingru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (Y.G.)
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Chunmei Shen
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China;
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Wei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (Y.G.)
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (Y.G.)
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (Y.G.)
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (C.C.); (Y.G.)
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-61648787
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22
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Development and application of a nonbinary SNP-based microhaplotype panel for paternity testing involving close relatives. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 46:102255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Pairwise kinship testing with a combination of STR and SNP loci. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 46:102265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Zvénigorosky V, Sabbagh A, Gonzalez A, Fausser JL, Palstra F, Romanov G, Solovyev A, Barashkov N, Fedorova S, Crubézy É, Ludes B, Keyser C. The limitations of kinship determinations using STR data in ill-defined populations. Int J Legal Med 2020; 134:1981-1990. [PMID: 32318826 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The likelihood ratio (LR) method is commonly used to determine kinship in civil, criminal, or forensic cases. For the past 15 years, our research group has also applied LR to ancient STR data and obtained kinship results for collections of graves or necropolises. Although we were able to reconstruct large genealogies, some pairs of individuals showed ambiguous results. Second-degree relationships, half-sibling pairs for example, were often inconsistent with detected first-degree relationships, such as parent/child or brother/sister pairs. We therefore set about providing empirical estimations of the error rates for the LR method in living populations with STR allelic diversities comparable to that of the ancient populations we had previously studied. We collected biological samples in the field in North-Eastern Siberia and West Africa and studied more than 800 pairs of STR profiles from individuals with known relationships. Because commercial STR panels were constructed for specific regions (namely Europe and North America), their allelic makeup showed a significant deficit in diversity when compared to European populations, replicating a situation often faced in ancient DNA studies. We assessed the capacity of the LR method to confirm known relationships (effectiveness) and its capacity to detect those relationships (reliability). Concerns over the effectiveness of LR determinations are mostly an issue in forensic studies, while the reliability of the detection of kinship is an issue for the study of necropolises or other large gatherings of unidentified individuals, such as disaster victims or mass graves. We show that the application of LR to both test populations highlights specific issues (both false positives and false negatives) that prevent the confirmation of second-degree kinship or even full siblingship in small populations. Up to 29% of detected full sibling relationships were either overestimated half-sibling relationships or underestimated parent-offspring relationships. The error rate for detected half-sibling relationships was even higher, reaching 41%. Only parent-offspring pairs were reliably detected or confirmed. This implies that, in populations that are small, ill-defined, or for which the STR loci analyzed are inappropriate, an examiner might not be able to distinguish a pair of full siblings from a pair of half-siblings. Furthermore, half-sibling pairs might be overlooked altogether, an issue that is exacerbated by the common confusion, in many languages and cultures, between half-siblings and full siblings. Consequently, in the study of ancient populations, human remains of unknown origins, or poorly surveyed modern populations, we recommend a conservative approach to kinship determined by LR. Next-generation sequencing data should be used when possible, but the costs and technology involved might be prohibitive. Therefore, in potentially contentious situations or cases lacking sufficient external information, uniparental markers should be analyzed: ideally, complete mitochondrial genomes and Y-chromosome haplotypes (STR, SNP, and/or sequencing).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Zvénigorosky
- CNRS FRE 2029-BABEL,, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France. .,Strasbourg Institute of Legal Medicine, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Audrey Sabbagh
- UMR 261 MERIT, IRD, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Friso Palstra
- UMR 261 MERIT, IRD, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Georgii Romanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Science-Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia
| | - Aisen Solovyev
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia.,Institute for Humanitarian Studies and Problems of Indigenous Peoples of the North, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia
| | - Nikolay Barashkov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Science-Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia
| | - Sardana Fedorova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Science-Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia
| | - Éric Crubézy
- CNRS UMR 5288 AMIS, Toulouse Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- CNRS FRE 2029-BABEL,, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Christine Keyser
- CNRS FRE 2029-BABEL,, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Strasbourg Institute of Legal Medicine, Strasbourg, France
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Liu Q, Ma G, Du Q, Lu C, Fu L, Wang Q, Fu G, Li S, Cong B. Development of an NGS panel containing 42 autosomal STR loci and the evaluation focusing on secondary kinship analysis. Int J Legal Med 2020; 134:2005-2014. [PMID: 32314064 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a feasible technique to detect considerably more markers and simultaneously obtain length and sequence information in a single reaction. In this study, we developed an NGS panel including 42 commonly used autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) and amelogenin on the Illumina MiSeq FGx™. Sequencing accuracy was validated by the consistency of 2800M Control DNA detected using the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit and Sanger sequencing. Nomenclature incompatibility was found between NGS-STR and CE-STR typing at 9 loci (D3S3045, D6S477, D7S3048, D9S925, D14S608, D17S1290, D18S535, D21S1270, GATA198B05), despite the correct sequence. The difference was caused by the two different methods of identifying motif sequence and a one-to-one correspondence can be found. We evaluated the panel by investigating consistency, sequencing sensitivity and the effectiveness of the 2nd-degree relationship identification. Herein, we present sequencing results from 58 unrelated individuals of the Hebei Han population. The total discrimination power (TDP) and cumulative probability of exclusion for trio paternity testing (CPEtrio) of the 42 NGS-STR panels reached 1-2.84 × 10-57 and 1-9.87 × 10-21, respectively. By family simulation and likelihood ratio (LR) calculation, this panel was shown to have effectiveness for the 2nd-degree kinship identification similar to the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit and certain advantages compared with it due to the relatively small number of loci. As expected, it provides new data for the development of NGS-STR typing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Liu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanju Ma
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Du
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaolong Lu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Fu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangping Fu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujin Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Cong
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China.
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Cho S, Kim MY, Lee JH, Lee HY, Lee SD. Large-scale identification of human bone remains via SNP microarray analysis with reference SNP database. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 47:102293. [PMID: 32276230 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are valuable markers complementary to conventional forensic short tandem repeat (STR) markers in genetic typing, with potential advantages in challenging forensic casework. With the advent of high-throughput technologies, such as microarrays and massively parallel sequencing, the use of SNP typing has now expanded to large-scale forensic applications. Herein, a forensic case is presented to demonstrate the usefulness of SNP typing in identifying large-scale human bone remains with reference database construction. A total of 402 bone remains were recovered from an island in the Jeju Province of Korea where a massive disaster occurred in 1948. The first phase of the identification process was accomplished via conventional DNA typing methods including autosomal and Y-chromosomal STR typing, and mitochondrial DNA sequencing, which resulted in the identification of 74 of 402 remains. The second phase of the identification involved the remaining 327 unidentified remains using SNP typing as a supplementary tool based on Affymetrix resequencing array. The SNP markers of 782 family members were also analyzed and a reference database was constructed for comparison. An additional 51 bone remains were identified in the second phase. SNP data obtained from the supplementary genotyping yielded additional genetic information as well as contributed to kinship testing to determine the second degrees of relationship. In addition SNPs are useful in discriminating ambiguous relationship when only STR data are available. A software program developed for SNP typing system enabled efficient kinship analysis for large-scale forensic identification. The results and the casework are described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Cho
- Institute of Forensic and Anthropological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon-Young Kim
- Institute of Forensic and Anthropological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwan Young Lee
- Institute of Forensic and Anthropological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soong Deok Lee
- Institute of Forensic and Anthropological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Wang M, Du W, He G, Wang S, Zou X, Liu J, Liu C, Liu C, Wang Z. Revisiting the genetic background and phylogenetic structure of five Sino-Tibetan-speaking populations: insights from autosomal InDels. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 295:969-979. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Liu J, Liu Y, Yan J. A case of mother-daughter relationship with five inconsistencies with hereditary pattern out of 56 autosomal short tandem repeat markers. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Liu X, Zhao Z, Xu Q, Zhang J, Li C. Analysis of full- and half-siblings using a combined system of STR, InDel and SNP markers. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hollard C, Ausset L, Chantrel Y, Jullien S, Clot M, Faivre M, Suzanne É, Pène L, Laurent FX. Automation and developmental validation of the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Preparation kit for high-throughput analysis in forensic laboratories. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 40:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Wang M, Wang Z, He G, Liu J, Wang S, Qian X, Lang M, Li J, Xie M, Li C, Hou Y. Developmental validation of a custom panel including 165 Y-SNPs for Chinese Y-chromosomal haplogroups dissection using the ion S5 XL system. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 38:70-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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