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Liu X, Yang C, Chen X, Han X, Liu H, Zhang X, Xu Q, Yang X, Liu C, Chen L, Liu C. A novel 193-plex MPS panel integrating STRs and SNPs highlights the application value of forensic genetics in individual identification and paternity testing. Hum Genet 2024; 143:371-383. [PMID: 38499885 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-024-02658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has emerged as a promising technology for targeting multiple genetic loci simultaneously in forensic genetics. Here, a novel 193-plex panel was designed to target 28 A-STRs, 41 Y-STRs, 21 X-STRs, 3 sex-identified loci, and 100 A-SNPs by employing a single-end 400 bp sequencing strategy on the MGISEQ-2000™ platform. In the present study, a series of validations and sequencing of 1642 population samples were performed to evaluate the overall performance of the MPS-based panel and its practicality in forensic application according to the SWGDAM guidelines. In general, the 193-plex markers in our panel showed good performance in terms of species specificity, stability, and repeatability. Compared to commercial kits, this panel achieved 100% concordance for standard gDNA and 99.87% concordance for 14,560 population genotypes. Moreover, this panel detected 100% of the loci from 0.5 ng of DNA template and all unique alleles at a 1:4 DNA mixture ratio (0.2 ng minor contributor), and the applicability of the proposed approach for tracing and degrading DNA was further supported by case samples. In addition, several forensic parameters of STRs and SNPs were calculated in a population study. High CPE and CPD values greater than 0.9999999 were clearly demonstrated and these results could be useful references for the application of this panel in individual identification and paternity testing. Overall, this 193-plex MPS panel has been shown to be a reliable, repeatable, robust, inexpensive, and powerful tool sufficient for forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Chengliang Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, China
| | - Xiaolong Han
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, China
| | - Xingkun Zhang
- DeepReads Biotech, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Quyi Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, China
| | - Xingyi Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, China
| | - Changhui Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
- National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510230, China.
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Liu J, Li S, Su Y, Wen Y, Qin L, Zhao M, Hui M, Jiang L, Chen X, Hou Y, Wang Z. A proof-of-principle study: The potential application of MiniHap biomarkers in ancestry inference based on the QNome nanopore sequencing. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2024; 68:102947. [PMID: 37862770 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2023.102947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Haplotyped SNPs convey forensic-related information, and microhaplotypes (MHs), as the most representative of this kind of marker, have proved the potential value for human forensics. In recent years, nanopore sequencing technology has developed rapidly, with its outstanding ability to sequence long continuous DNA fragments and obtain phase information, making the detection of longer haplotype marker possible. In this proof-of-principle study, we proposed a new type of forensic marker, MiniHap, based on five or more SNPs within a molecular distance less than 800 bp, and investigated the haplotype data of 56 selected MiniHaps in five Chinese populations using the QNome nanopore sequencing. The sequencing performance, allele (haplotype) frequencies, forensic parameters, effective number of alleles (Ae), and informativeness (In) were subsequently calculated. In addition, we performed principal component analysis (PCA), phylogenetic tree, and structure analysis to investigate the population genetic relationships and ancestry components among the five investigated populations and 26 worldwide populations. MiniHap-04 exhibited remarkable forensic efficacy, with 148 haplotypes reported and the Ae was 66.9268. In addition, the power of discrimination (PD) was 0.9934, the probability of exclusion (PE) was 0.9898, and the In value was 0.7893. Of the 56 loci, 85.71% had PD values above 0.85, 66.07% had PE values above 0.54, 67.86% had Ae values over 7.0%, and 55.36% were with In values above 0.2 across all samples, indicating that most of the MiniHaps are suitable for individual identification, paternity testing, mixture deconvolution, and ancestry inference. Moreover, the results of PCA, phylogenetic tree and structure analysis demonstrated that this MiniHap panel had the competency in continental population ancestry inference, but the differentiation within intracontinental/linguistically restricted subpopulations was not ideal. Such findings suggested that the QNome device for MiniHap detection was feasible and this novel marker has the potential in ancestry inference. Yet, the establishment of a more comprehensive database with sufficient reference population data remains necessary to screen more suitable MiniHaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Suyu Li
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yonglin Su
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yufeng Wen
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Liu Qin
- Qitan Technology Ltd., Chengdu 610044, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minxiao Hui
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lirong Jiang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiacan Chen
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yiping Hou
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Yang C, He M, Liu C, Liu X, Lun M, Su Q, Han X, Liu H, Wang M, Chen L, Liu C. Development and validation of a custom panel including 114 InDels using massively parallel sequencing for forensic application. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1704-1713. [PMID: 37622566 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels) have particular characteristics, such as a relatively low mutation rate, small amplicon size, and no stutter artifacts when genotyped via the capillary electrophoresis platform. It would be an important complementary tool for individual identification and certain kinship analyses. At present, massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has shown excellent application value in forensic studies. Therefore, in this study, we developed a custom MPS InDel panel that contains 114 InDels [77 autosomal InDels (A-InDels), 32 X-chromosomal InDels (X-InDels), and 5 Y-chromosomal InDels) based on previous studies. To assess this panel's performance, several validation experiments were performed, including sensitivity, inhibitor, degraded DNA testing, species specificity, concordance, repeatability, case-type samples, and population studies. The results showed that the lowest DNA input was 0.25 ng. All genotypes were obtained in the presence of 80 ng/µL humic acid, 2000 µmol/L calcium, 3000 µmol/L EDTA and indigo. In degraded DNA testing, 90% of loci could be detected for 16-day-old formalin-fixed hearts. In addition, this panel has good species specificity. The values of combined power of discrimination and the combined power of exclusion for 77 A-InDels were 1-3.9951 × 10-32 and 1-4.2956 × 10-7 , respectively. The combined mean exclusion chance for 32 X-InDels was 0.99999 in trios and 0.99904 in duos. The validation results indicate that this newly developed MPS multiplex system is a robust tool for forensic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Meiyun He
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Changhui Liu
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xueyuan Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Miaoqiang Lun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qin Su
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Han
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Zhao M, Cui W, Xu H, Zhang Y, Zhu B. Unveiling the genetic landscape of high-altitude adaptive ethnic groups with polymorphic markers: Implications of comprehensive forensic appraisals and population genetic investigations. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21229. [PMID: 38027587 PMCID: PMC10656254 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deletion/insertion polymorphisms (DIPs), a novel class of biomarker, have been widely utilized in forensic areas for individual identification, paternity tests, and ancestral origin inference due to its applicability to degraded samples and low mutation rates. Despite the availability of a well-established commercial kit, the Investigator® DIPplex kit (Qiagen), certain loci exhibit limited levels of polymorphisms in East Asian populations, particularly in Chinese populations. Objective This dissertation seeks to undertake a comprehensive evaluation about the forensic efficiency of a self-developed multiplex amplification system in high-altitude adaptive ethnic groups of China. Healthy unrelated Tibetan individuals residing in Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province were genotyped using previously reported 43 deletion/insertion polymorphism loci. Forensic statistical analyses including allele frequencies and forensic parameters were conducted in the two Tibetan groups, and the genetic relatedness of the studied groups with reference populations from the 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3 were investigated. Results Forensic statistical results showed that the polymorphism information content values of the 43 deletion/insertion polymorphism loci in the two Tibetan groups exceeded 0.35. Moreover, the combined power of discrimination using the 43 deletion/insertion polymorphism loci was calculated to be 0.9999999999999999984 in the Qinghai Tibetan group and 0.9999999999999999921 in the Tibet Tibetan group. The cumulative power of exclusion using the 43 deletion/insertion polymorphism loci was calculated to be 0.999782512 in the Qinghai Tibetan group and 0.999886205 in the Tibet Tibetan group. Analysis of population genetics demonstrated that the two studied Tibetan groups shared close genetic relationships with East Asia populations. Conclusion The set of 43 deletion/insertion polymorphism loci exhibited remarkable forensic efficacy, rendering it a promising tool for forensic practice. Population genetic analyses indicated that the two Tibetan groups had closer genetic affinities to East Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunying Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Zhao GB, Miao L, Wang M, Yuan JH, Wei LH, Feng YS, Zhao J, Kang KL, Zhang C, Ji AQ, He G, Wang L. Developmental validation of a high-resolution panel genotyping 639 Y-chromosome SNP and InDel markers and its evolutionary features in Chinese populations. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:611. [PMID: 37828453 PMCID: PMC10568895 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Uniparental-inherited haploid genetic marker of Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNP) have the power to provide a deep understanding of the human evolutionary past, forensic pedigree, and bio-geographical ancestry information. Several international cross-continental or regional Y-panels instead of Y-whole sequencing have recently been developed to promote Y-tools in forensic practice. However, panels based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) explicitly developed for Chinese populations are insufficient to represent the Chinese Y-chromosome genetic diversity and complex population structures, especially for Chinese-predominant haplogroup O. We developed and validated a 639-plex panel including 633 Y-SNPs and 6 Y-Insertion/deletions, which covered 573 Y haplogroups on the Y-DNA haplogroup tree. In this panel, subgroups from haplogroup O accounted for 64.4% of total inferable haplogroups. We reported the sequencing metrics of 354 libraries sequenced with this panel, with the average sequencing depth among 226 individuals being 3,741×. We illuminated the high level of concordance, accuracy, reproducibility, and specificity of the 639-plex panel and found that 610 loci were genotyped with as little as 0.03 ng of genomic DNA in the sensitivity test. 94.05% of the 639 loci were detectable in male-female mixed DNA samples with a mix ratio of 1:500. Nearly all of the loci were genotyped correctly when no more than 25 ng/μL tannic acid, 20 ng/μL humic acid, or 37.5 μM hematin was added to the amplification mixture. More than 80% of genotypes were obtained from degraded DNA samples with a degradation index of 11.76. Individuals from the same pedigree shared identical genotypes in 11 male pedigrees. Finally, we presented the complex evolutionary history of 183 northern Chinese Hans and six other Chinese populations, and found multiple founding lineages that contributed to the northern Han Chinese gene pool. The 639-plex panel proved an efficient tool for Chinese paternal studies and forensic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Bin Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Lei Miao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jia-Hui Yuan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lan-Hai Wei
- School of Ethnology and Anthropology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Inner Mongolia, 010028, China
| | - Yao-Sen Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Ke-Lai Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - An-Quan Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Guanglin He
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Le Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100038, China.
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Yang SB, Lee JE, Lee HY. Forensic genetic analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and microhaplotypes in Koreans through next-generation sequencing using precision ID identity panel. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:1281-1293. [PMID: 37440105 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forensic DNA analysis has seen remarkable advancements with the advent of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). In particular, NGS analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) offers significant advantages in the analysis of challenging samples compared to conventional STR analysis. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the SNPs of the Precision ID Identity Panel, a commercially available NGS panel for personal identification, by generating genetic profiles of 298 Koreans and comparing them with other global populations. METHODS A total of 124 SNPs, including 90 autosomal and 34 Y-SNPs, were analyzed using the Precision ID Identity Panel, and forensic parameters, microhaplotypes, and population differences were investigated. RESULTS The NGS data were successfully obtained from 298 Koreans. The analysis of forensic parameters exhibited a low combined match probability of 1.532 × 10- 34, which is comparable to that obtained from commonly used STR analysis. Additionally, the microhaplotype analysis revealed that the use of 16 microhaplotypes provided higher discriminatory power compared to single target SNPs. Furthermore, the adoption of microhaplotype data resulted in an increase of over 20% in expected heterozygosity at five loci. Inter-population analysis showed a close genetic relationship between Koreans and individuals from China and Myanmar in East and Southeast Asia, which are geographically adjacent to Korea. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that the Precision ID Identity panel can be a useful alternative where traditional STR typing is not feasible. Also, the data from our study will be useful as a reference for Koreans in forensic investigations and the prosecution of criminal justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Bin Yang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwan Young Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute of Forensic and Anthropological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Liu J, Su Y, Wen Y, Jiang L, Li S, Zhao M, Chen X, Wang Z. Massively parallel sequencing of 74 microhaplotypes and forensic characteristics in three Chinese Sino-Tibetan populations. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2023; 66:102905. [PMID: 37301091 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2023.102905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microhaplotype (MH), as an emerging type of forensic genetic marker in recent years, has the potential to support multiple forensic applications, especially for mixture deconvolution and biogeographic ancestry inference. Herein, we investigated the genotype data of 74 MHs included in a novel MH panel, the Ion AmpliSeq MH-74 Plex Microhaplotype Research Panel, in three Chinese Sino-Tibetan populations (Han, Tibetan, and Yi) using the Ion Torrent semiconductor sequencing. The sequencing performance, allele frequencies, effective number of alleles (Ae), informativeness (In), and forensic parameters were subsequently estimated and calculated. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) and structure analysis were performed to explore the population relationships among the three populations and the ancestry component distribution. Overall, this novel MH panel is robust and reliable, and has an excellent sequencing performance. The Ae values ranged from 1.0126 to 7.0855 across all samples, and 75.68 % of MHs had Ae values >2.0000. Allele frequencies at some loci varied considerably among the three studied populations, and the mean In value was 0.0195. Moreover, the genetic affinity between Tibetans and Yis was closer than that between Tibetans and Hans. The aforementioned results suggest that the Ion AmpliSeq MH-74 Plex Microhaplotype Research Panel is highly polymorphic in three investigated populations and could be used as an effective tool for human forensics. Although these 74 MHs have demonstrated the competency in continental population stratification, a higher resolution for distinguishing intracontinental subpopulations and a more comprehensive database with sufficient reference population data still remain to be accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yonglin Su
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
| | - Yufeng Wen
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lirong Jiang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Suyu Li
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiacan Chen
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Fattorini P, Previderè C, Livieri T, Zupanc T, Pajnič IZ. SNP analysis of challenging bone DNA samples using the HID-Ion AmpliSeq™ Identity Panel: facts and artefacts. Int J Legal Med 2023:10.1007/s00414-023-03019-9. [PMID: 37212920 PMCID: PMC10247551 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PCR-MPS is an emerging tool for the analysis of low-quality DNA samples. In this study, we used PCR-MPS to analyse 32 challenging bone DNA samples from three Second World War victims, which previously yielded no results in conventional STR PCR-CE typing. The Identity Panel was used with 27 cycles of PCR. Despite that we only had an average of 6.8 pg of degraded DNA as template, 30 out of 32 libraries (93.8%) produced sequencing data for about 63/90 autosomal markers per sample. Out of the 30 libraries, 14 (46.7%) yielded single source genetic profiles in agreement with the biological identity of the donor, whereas 12 cases (40.0%) resulted in SNP profiles that did not match or were mixed. The misleading outcomes for those 12 cases were likely due to hidden exogenous human contamination, as shown by the higher frequencies of allelic imbalance, unusual high frequencies of allelic drop-ins, high heterozygosity levels in the consensus profiles generated from challenging samples, and traces of amplified molecular products in four out of eight extraction negative controls. Even if the source and the time of the contamination were not identified, it is likely that it occurred along the multi-step bone processing workflow. Our results suggest that only positive identification by statistical tools (e.g. likelihood ratio) should be accepted as reliable; oppositely, the results leading to exclusion should be treated as inconclusive because of potential contamination issues. Finally, strategies are discussed for monitoring the workflow of extremely challenging bone samples in PCR-MPS experiments with an increased number of PCR cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fattorini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Previderè
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Livieri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tomaž Zupanc
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Zupanič Pajnič
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Joo SM, Kwon YL, Moon MH, Shin KJ. Genetic investigation of 124 SNPs in a Myanmar population using the Precision ID Identity Panel and the Illumina MiSeq. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2023; 63:102256. [PMID: 37058993 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have become popular in forensic genetics as an alternative to short tandem repeats (STRs). The Precision ID Identity Panel (Thermo Fisher Scientific), consisting of 90 autosomal SNPs and 34 Y-chromosomal SNPs, enabled human identification studies on global populations through next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, most previous studies on the panel have used the Ion Torrent platform, and there are few reports on the Southeast Asian population. Here, a total of 96 unrelated males from Myanmar (Yangon) were analyzed with the Precision ID Identity Panel on a MiSeq (Illumina) using an in-house TruSeq compatible universal adapter and a custom variant caller, Visual SNP. The sequencing performance evaluated by locus balance and heterozygote balance was comparable to that of the Ion Torrent platform. For 90 autosomal SNPs, the combined match probability (CMP) was 6.994 × 10-34, lower than that of 22 PowerPlex Fusion autosomal STRs (3.130 × 10-26). For 34 Y-SNPs, 14 Y-haplogroups (mostly O2 and O1b) were observed. We found 51 cryptic variations (42 haplotypes) around target SNPs, of which haplotypes corresponding to 33 autosomal SNPs decreased CMP. Interpopulation analysis revealed that the Myanmar population is genetically closer to the East and Southeast Asian populations. In conclusion, the Precision ID Identity Panel can be successfully analyzed on the Illumina MiSeq and provides high discrimination power for human identification in the Myanmar population. This study broadened the accessibility of the NGS-based SNP panel by expanding the available NGS platforms and adopting a robust NGS data analysis tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Joo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Lim Kwon
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyeon Moon
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Shin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Zhao C, Xu H, Fang Y, Zhao M, Lan Q, Chen M, Mei S, Zhu B. Systematic selections and forensic application evaluations of 111 individual identification SNPs in the Chinese Inner Mongolia Manchu group. Front Genet 2022; 13:944580. [PMID: 36134022 PMCID: PMC9483854 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.944580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) possesses a promising application in forensic individual identification due to its wide distribution in the human genome and the ability to carry out the genotyping of degraded biological samples by designing short amplicons. Some commonly used individual identification SNPs are less polymorphic in East Asian populations. In order to improve the individual identification efficiencies in East Asian populations, SNP genetic markers with relatively higher polymorphisms were selected from the 1,000 Genome Project phase III database in East Asian populations. A total of 111 individual identification SNPs (II-SNPs) with the observed heterozygosity values greater than 0.4 were screened in East Asian populations, and then, the forensic efficiencies of these selected SNPs were also evaluated in Chinese Inner Mongolia Manchu group. The observed heterozygosity and power of discrimination values at 111 II-SNPs in the Inner Mongolia Manchu group ranged from 0.4011 to 0.7005, and 0.5620 to 0.8025, respectively, and the average value of polymorphism information content was greater than 0.3978. The cumulative match probability and combined probability of exclusion values at II-SNPs were 7.447E-51 and 1-4.17E-12 in the Inner Mongolia Manchu group, respectively. The accumulative efficiency results indicated that the set of II-SNPs could be used as a potential tool for forensic individual identification and parentage testing in the Manchu group. The sequencing depths ranged from 781× to 12374×. And the mean allele count ratio and noise level were 0.8672 and 0.0041, respectively. The sequencing results indicated that the SNP genetic marker detection based on the massively parallel sequencing technology for SNP genetic markers had high sequencing performance and could meet the sequencing requirements of II-SNPs in the studied group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Zhao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yating Fang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Lan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Mei
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Bofeng Zhu,
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11
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Fang Y, Mei S, Zhang Y, Teng R, Tai Y, Zhu B. Forensic and genetic landscape explorations of Chinese Kyrgyz group based on autosomal SNPs, Y-chromosomal SNPs and STRs. Gene 2022; 832:146552. [PMID: 35569771 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To assess the effect of population genetic polymorphism on forensic research, we investigated the genetic polymorphisms of Chinese Kyrgyz group (n = 98) and evaluated forensic application values in Chinese Kyrgyz group and other 26 reference populations at 90 autosomal SNPs, and then combined with 34 SNPs and 37 STRs on Y chromosome to reveal the genetic background of Kyrgyz group in autosomal and Y-chromosomal inheritances, respectively. The 90 autosomal SNPs and 34 Y-chromosomal SNPs were sequenced base on next generation sequencing technology, and 37 Y-chromosomal STRs were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis platform. The results showed that cumulative power of discrimination and cumulative power of exclusion of 90 autosomal SNPs in the panel met the application need of forensic genetics in Kyrgyz group. The forensic effectivenesses of the panel were high in all 27 populations, although there were genetic differences among these populations. The forensic effectiveness of the panel was relatively higher in the European populations, but relatively lower in the African populations. The population genetic results indicated that the Kyrgyz group had the relatively closer genetic relationships with the reference East Asian populations at autosomal SNPs, and there were gene exchanges between the Kyrgyz group and East Asian, European populations based on the analytical results of autosomal SNPs, Y-chromosomal SNPs and STRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Fang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Shuyan Mei
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yunying Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rui Teng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yunchun Tai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
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12
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Unlocking the potential of forensic traces: Analytical approaches to generate investigative leads. Sci Justice 2022; 62:310-326. [PMID: 35598924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Forensic investigation involves gathering the information necessary to understand the criminal events as well as linking objects or individuals to an item, location or other individual(s) for investigative purposes. For years techniques such as presumptive chemical tests, DNA profiling or fingermark analysis have been of great value to this process. However, these techniques have their limitations, whether it is a lack of confidence in the results obtained due to cross-reactivity, subjectivity and low sensitivity; or because they are dependent on holding reference samples in a pre-existing database. There is currently a need to devise new ways to gather as much information as possible from a single trace, particularly from biological traces commonly encountered in forensic casework. This review outlines the most recent advancements in the forensic analysis of biological fluids, fingermarks and hair. Special emphasis is placed on analytical methods that can expand the information obtained from the trace beyond what is achieved in the usual practices. Special attention is paid to those methods that accurately determine the nature of the sample, as well as how long it has been at the crime scene, along with individualising information regarding the donor source of the trace.
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13
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Adnan A, Anwar A, Simayijiang H, Farrukh N, Hadi S, Wang CC, Xuan JF. The Heart of Silk Road "Xinjiang," Its Genetic Portray, and Forensic Parameters Inferred From Autosomal STRs. Front Genet 2021; 12:760760. [PMID: 34976009 PMCID: PMC8719170 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.760760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China (XUARC) harbors almost 50 ethnic groups including the Uyghur (UGR: 45.84%), Han (HAN: 40.48%), Kazakh (KZK: 6.50%), Hui (HUI: 4.51%), Kyrgyz (KGZ: 0.86%), Mongol (MGL: 0.81%), Manchu (MCH: 0.11%), and Uzbek (UZK: 0.066%), which make it one of the most colorful regions with abundant cultural and genetic diversities. In our previous study, we established allelic frequency databases for 14 autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) for four minority populations from XUARC (MCH, KGZ, MGL, and UZK) using the AmpFlSTR® Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit. In this study, we genotyped 2,121 samples using the GoldenEye™ 20A Kit (Beijing PeopleSpot Inc., Beijing, China) amplifying 19 autosomal STR loci for four major ethnic groups (UGR, HAN, KZK, and HUI). These groups make up 97.33% of the total XUARC population. The total number of alleles for all the 19 STRs in these populations ranged from 232 (HAN) to 224 (KZK). We did not observe any departures from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in these populations after sequential Bonferroni correction. We did find minimal departure from linkage equilibrium (LE) for a small number of pairwise combinations of loci. The match probabilities for the different populations ranged from 1 in 1.66 × 1023 (HAN) to 6.05 × 1024 (HUI), the combined power of exclusion ranged from 0.999 999 988 (HUI) to 0.999 999 993 (UGR), and the combined power of discrimination ranged from 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 983 (HAN) to 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 997 (UGR). Genetic distances, principal component analysis (PCA), STRUCTURE analysis, and the phylogenetic tree showed that genetic affinity among studied populations is consistent with linguistic, ethnic, and geographical classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Adnan
- Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University of Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Institute of Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Adeel Anwar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Halimureti Simayijiang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Noor Farrukh
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University of Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sibte Hadi
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University of Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chuan-Chao Wang
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Institute of Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin-Feng Xuan
- Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Jin XY, Liu YF, Cui W, Chen C, Zhang XR, Huang J, Zhu BF. Development a multiplex panel of AISNPs, multi-allelic InDels, microhaplotypes and Y-SNP/InDel loci for multiple forensic purposes via the NGS. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:632-644. [PMID: 34859475 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recently, next generation sequencing showed the promising application value in forensic research. In this study, we constructed a multiplex system of different molecular genetic markers based on the previous selected AISNPs, multi-allelic InDels, microhaplotypes and Y-SNP/InDel loci and evaluated forensic efficiencies of the system in Chinese Shaanxi Han, Hui and Mongolian groups via the NGS platform. Ancestry informative analyses of Shaanxi Han, Hui and Mongolian groups revealed that most Mongolian individuals could be differentiated from Shaanxi Hans and Huis based on the selected AISNPs. Multi-allelic InDels and microhaplotypes showed the multiple allele variations and possessed relatively high genetic polymorphisms in these three groups, indicating these loci could also provide higher forensic efficiencies for individual identification and paternity testing. Based on Y-SNPs, different haplogroup distributions were observed among Shaanxi Han, Hui and Mongolian groups. In conclusion, the self-developed system could be used to simultaneously carry out the individual identification, paternity analysis, mixture deconvolution, forensic ancestry information analysis and Y chromosomal haplogroup inference, which could provide more investigative clues in forensic practices. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ye Jin
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Fang Liu
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cui
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chong Chen
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Ru Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Feng Zhu
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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15
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Zhao GB, Ma GJ, Zhang C, Kang KL, Li SJ, Wang L. BGISEQ-500RS sequencing of a 448-plex SNP panel for forensic individual identification and kinship analysis. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 55:102580. [PMID: 34454122 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Next generation sequencing (NGS)-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping is widely used in the field of forensics. SNP genotyping data from several NGS platforms have been published, but forensic application trials of DNA nanoball sequencing platforms have been very limited. In this work, we developed a 448-plex SNP panel on the BGISEQ-500RS platform. The sequencing metrics of a total of 261 samples that were sequenced with this panel are reported in detail. The average sequencing depth was 8373 × and the average heterozygosity of the 448-plex assay was 0.85. Sensitivity analysis showed that 325 SNPs were successfully genotyped with as little as 50 pg of genomic DNA, with the mean quality score of the sequencing data above Q30. Forensic parameters were calculated based on the data of 142 unrelated Chinese Han individuals and the combined matching probability was as low as 5.21 × 10-101. Kinship analyses based on experiments and computer simulations showed that the 448-panel was as effective as the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit for second-degree kinship identification, and when the two panels were merged, the related pairs were almost completely distinguished from unrelated pairs. The 448-plex SNP panel on the BGISEQ-500RS platform provides a powerful tool for forensic individual identification and kinship analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Bin Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Guan-Ju Ma
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Ke-Lai Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Shu-Jin Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | - Le Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China.
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16
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An alternate workflow for preparing Precision ID Ancestry and Identity Panel libraries for Illumina sequencing. Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:1717-1726. [PMID: 33665703 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are well-established for forensic applications. Although they are not compatible with existing criminal databases, they offer some advantages over short tandem repeat (STR) markers including smaller amplicons, no stutter artifacts, and biogeographic ancestry and phenotype predictions. The Precision ID NGS System, a commercial workflow by Thermo Fisher Scientific, offers a streamlined solution for genotyping forensically relevant SNPs using next-generation sequencing. The Precision ID Ancestry and Identity Panels combined target 289 SNPs, and their sensitivity, reproducibility, and accuracy have been evaluated by the forensic community. The aim of this study was to develop an alternative workflow to genotype these SNP panels using Illumina chemistry. Commercial genomic DNAs (gDNAs) (n, 3) were amplified using three uracil-tolerant polymerase master mixes. Resulting amplicons were prepared into libraries using the KAPA Hyper Prep Kit (KAPA Biosystems) and sequenced via Illumina's MiniSeq. Reads were analyzed using a published analysis pipeline to compile final genotypes with read depth information. Phusion U Multiplex PCR Master Mix (Thermo Fisher Scientific) statistically outperformed the other master mixes tested (P <0.0001), with respect to the number of SNPs genotyped. To ensure a workflow using Phusion U would be compatible across diverse samples, we optimized PCR cycle number using the same commercial gDNAs (n, 3), reference buccal swabs (n, 3), and environmental (household dust) samples (n, 6). Using the developed workflow, 93.9% of all SNPs were successfully genotyped across sample types. Implementation of the developed workflow should be straightforward for forensic laboratories and suitable for processing reference and casework samples.
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17
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Turchi C, Previderè C, Bini C, Carnevali E, Grignani P, Manfredi A, Melchionda F, Onofri V, Pelotti S, Robino C, Sorçaburu-Ciglieri S, Tagliabracci A, Fattorini P. Assessment of the Precision ID Identity Panel kit on challenging forensic samples. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 49:102400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Liu Y, Jin X, Mei S, Xu H, Zhao C, Lan Q, Xie T, Fang Y, Li S, Zhu B. Insights into the genetic characteristics and population structures of Chinese two Tibetan groups using 35 insertion/deletion polymorphic loci. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 295:957-968. [PMID: 32333170 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Studying the genetic structure of each ethnic group is helpful to clarify the genetic background and trace back to the ethnic origin. Tibetan people have lived in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (mean elevation over 4500 m) for generations, and have well adapted to the high-altitude environment. Due to the relatively closed geographical environment, Tibetans have preserved their representative physical characteristics and genetic information, thereby become an important research group in human genetics. In this study, genetic characteristics and population structures of two Tibetan groups (Qinghai Tibetans and Tibet Tibetans) were revealed by 35 insertion/deletion polymorphism (DIP) loci, aiming to provide valuable genetic information for population genetic differentiation analyses and forensic identifications. The combined discrimination power, cumulative exclusion probability and combined match probability of the 35 DIP loci in Qinghai Tibetan and Tibet Tibetan groups were 0.9999999999999945, 0.9988, 5.56623 × 10-15; and 0.9999999999999904, 0.9990, 9.69071 × 10-15, respectively, indicating that the panel possessed a strong capability for Tibetan personal identifications. Population differentiations and genetic relationship analyses among the two studied Tibetan groups and other 27 comparison populations were carried out using the Nei's DA genetic distances, population pairwise genetic distances F-statistics (FST), analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), phylogenetic tree reconstruction, principal component analysis and STRUCTURE methods. Results demonstrated that the most intimate genetic relationships existed in these two Tibetan groups; and genetic similarities between two Tibetan groups and the populations from East Asia were much stronger than that between the Tibetan groups and other geographical populations. Furthermore, forensic ancestral informativeness assessments suggested that several loci could be regarded as ancestry informative markers inferring individual biogeographic origins as well as contributing to forensic anthropology and population genetic researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Liu
- Multi‑Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification; Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoye Jin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.,College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Shuyan Mei
- Multi‑Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification; Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Multi‑Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification; Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Congying Zhao
- Multi‑Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification; Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiong Lan
- Multi‑Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification; Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tong Xie
- Multi‑Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification; Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yating Fang
- Multi‑Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification; Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shuanglin Li
- Multi‑Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification; Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Multi‑Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification; Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China. .,Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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19
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Wang Z, Wang L, Liu J, Ye J, Hou Y. Characterization of sequence variation at 30 autosomal STRs in Chinese Han and Tibetan populations. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:194-201. [PMID: 31916267 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technologies have the ability to reveal sequence variations within STR alleles as well as their nominal allele lengths, which have traditionally been detected by CE instruments. Recently, Thermo Fisher Scientific has updated the MPS-STR panel, named the Precision ID GlobalFiler next-generation sequencing (NGS) STR Panel version 2, with primers redesigned to add two pentanucleotide tandem repeat loci and profile interpretation supported by the Converge software. Using the Ion Chef System, the Ion S5XL System, and the Converge software, genetic variations were characterized within STR repeat and flanking regions of 30 autosomal STR markers in 115 unrelated individuals from two Chinese population groups (58 Tibetans and 57 Hans). Nineteen STRs demonstrated a relative increase in diversity with the variant sequence alleles compared with those of traditional nominal length alleles. In total, 390 alleles were identified by their sequences compared with 258 alleles that were identified by length. Of these 92 sequence variants found within the STR repeat regions, 40 variants were located in STR flanking regions. Additionally, the agreement of the results with CE data was evaluated, as was the ability of this new MPS panel to analyze case-type (11 samples) and artificially degraded samples (seven samples in triplicate). The results generated from this study illustrate that extensive sequence variation exists in commonly used STR markers in the selected population samples and indicate that this NGS STR panel has the potential to be used as an effective tool for human forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Hou
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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20
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Liu J, Ye Z, Wang Z, Zou X, He G, Wang M, Wang S, Hou Y. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Chinese Han and Li ethnic populations from Hainan Island by 30 autosomal insertion/deletion polymorphisms. Forensic Sci Res 2019; 7:189-195. [PMID: 35784419 PMCID: PMC9245983 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2019.1672933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
With the characteristics of low mutation rate, length variation and short amplicon size, insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels) have the advantages of both short tandem repeats (STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Herein, people of two ethnicities from Hainan Island were genotyped for the first time using the Investigator DIPplex kit. We investigated the forensic parameters of the 30 InDels and the phylogenetic relationships among different populations. The accumulated powers of discrimination and powers of exclusion were 0.999 999 999 9646 and 0.9897 in the Hainan Han population and 0.999 999 999 9292 and 0.9861 in the Hainan Li population, respectively. Additionally, population comparisons among geographically, ethnically and linguistically diverse populations via cluster heatmap, multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis, phylogenetic tree and STRUCTURE analyses demonstrated that the Hainan Han population had genetic similarities to the other Han, She and Tujia populations, while the Hainan Li population had close genetic relationships to the Zhuang and Miao groups; both populations had a high degree of genetic differentiation from most Turkic-speaking populations. Aforementioned results suggested that the 30 autosomal InDels are highly polymorphic and informative, which are suitable for human identification and population genetics. Four hundred and forty-five Chinese individuals from two ethnicities (Hainan Han and Hainan Li) were firstly analyzed by 30 autosomal InDels included in the Investigator DIPplex panel. Forensic parameters of the 30 InDels in the two populations showed high polymorphism and universality for human identification purposes. The Investigator DIPplex panel had a certain capacity of differentiating intercontinental populations and different language populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziwei Ye
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Zou
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanglin He
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Hou
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sun L, Liu Q, Li S, Ma G, Wang Z, Ma C, Cong B, Fu L. A new strategy to confirm the identity of tumour tissues using single-nucleotide polymorphisms and next-generation sequencing. Int J Legal Med 2019; 134:399-409. [PMID: 31811377 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With growing cancer morbidity, forensics cases in which archived tumour tissues can be used as biological samples are increasing, and an effective method to identify the body source of tumour tissues is needed. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be a promising biomarker to identify the source of tumour tissues because of their low mutation rate and small amplicon size. Next-generation sequencing techniques offers the ability to detect hundreds of SNPs in a single run. The Precision ID Identity Panel (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) detects 90 autosomal SNPs for individual identification and 34 lineage-informative SNPs on Y chromosome using the Ion PGM system (Thermo Fisher Scientific). In this study, we evaluated performance of the panel for individual identification of tumour tissues. One hundred and fifty pairs of tumour tissues and corresponding normal tissues were analysed. Loss of heterozygosity was detected only in tumour tissues. The identity-by-state (IBS) scoring system was adopted to identify the body source of tumour tissues. The IBS score, as well as the number of loci with 2 alleles (A2), 1 allele (A1) and 0 alleles (A0) shared, were analysed within each tumour-normal pair, unrelated individual pairs, parent-offspring pairs and full-sibling pairs. According to the probability distribution, threshold of A2 in the range of 69 to 89 could achieve accuracy > 99% in identifying the source of tumour tissues. Thus, we developed a new strategy (process and criteria) to identify the source of tumour tissues that could be used in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang, China
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Forensic Science Center of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shujin Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guanju Ma
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhandong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chunling Ma
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Cong
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Lihong Fu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Brazilian forensic casework analysis through MPS applications: Statistical weight-of-evidence and biological nature of criminal samples as an influence factor in quality metrics. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 303:109938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sun L, Fu L, Liu Q, Zhou J, Ma C, Cong B, Li S. Population data using Precision ID Identity Panel in a Chinese Han population from Hebei Province. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 42:e27-e29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Avila E, Felkl AB, Graebin P, Nunes CP, Alho CS. Forensic characterization of Brazilian regional populations through massive parallel sequencing of 124 SNPs included in HID ion Ampliseq Identity Panel. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 40:74-84. [PMID: 30780121 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Use of Massive Parallel Sequencing (MPS) techniques has been investigated by forensic community aiming introduction of such methods in routine forensic casework analyses. Interesting features presented by MPS include high-throughput, ability to simultaneous genotyping of significant number of samples and forensic markers, workflow automation, among others. Emergence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as forensic relevant markers was facilitated in this process, since concurrent typing of larger marker sets is necessary for obtaining same levels of individual discrimination provided by other marker categories. In this context, HID Ion Ampliseq Identity Panel is a commercial solution with forensic purposes comprising simultaneous analysis of 90 highly informative autosomal SNPs and 34 Y -chromosome superior clade SNPs for male lineage haplotyping. SNP typing can be obtained with smaller amplicons, and this panel was designed for efficient processing of critical or challenging forensic samples. In this work, a sample of 432 individuals from all five Brazilian geopolitical regions was evaluated with this panel, in order to access feasibility of this panel use in a national basis. Results obtained for all five regions, including forensic parameters, show that this marker set can be efficiently employed for Brazilian nationals in human identification or kinship determination applications, due to high levels of genetic discriminative information content displayed by Brazilians. Interpopulation comparison studies were executed among Brazilian regional populations and 26 worldwide populations, in order to access genetic stratification occurrence. Some levels of population structure were identified, and impact on database design was discussed. Y-chromosome haplotyping of Brazilian samples revealed high levels of European ancestry in Brazilian male lineages, and utility of haplotyping in real forensic casework is addressed. Finally, genotyping and sequencing efficiency with this panel were addressed, as an effort to appraise the adequacy of this panel use in Brazilian national forensic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Avila
- Setor Técnico-Científico, Superintendência Regional de Polícia Federal do RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia INCT Ciências Forenses, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Aline Brugnera Felkl
- Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pietra Graebin
- Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Paiva Nunes
- Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Clarice Sampaio Alho
- Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia INCT Ciências Forenses, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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