1
|
Han J, Zhuang B, Zou L, Wang D, Jiang L, Wei YL, Zhao L, Zhao L, Li C. A developmental validation of the Quick TargSeq 1.0 integrated system for automated DNA genotyping in forensic science for reference samples. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:814-828. [PMID: 38459798 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of short tandem repeats (STRs) is a global standard method for human identification. Insertion/Deletion polymorphisms (DIPs) can be used for biogeographical ancestry inference. Current DNA typing involves a trained forensic worker operating several specialized instruments in a controlled laboratory environment, which takes 6-8 h. We developed the Quick TargSeq 1.0 integrated system (hereinafter abbreviated to Quick TargSeq) for automated generation of STR and DIP profiles from buccal swab samples and blood stains. The system fully integrates the processes of DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and electrophoresis separation using microfluidic biochip technology. Internal validation studies were performed using RTyper 21 or DIP 38 chip cartridges with single-source reference samples according to the Scientific Working Group for DNA Analysis Methods guidelines. These results indicated that the Quick TargSeq system can process reference samples and generate STR or DIP profiles in approximately 2 h, and the profiles were concordant with those determined using traditional STR or DIP analysis methods. Thus, reproducible and concordant DNA profiles were obtained from reference samples. Throughout the study, no lane-to-lane or run-to-run contamination was observed. The Quick TargSeq system produced full profiles from buccal swabs with at least eight swipes, dried blood spot cards with two 2-mm disks, or 10 ng of purified DNA. Potential PCR inhibitors (i.e., coffee, smoking tobacco, and chewing tobacco) did not appear to affect the amplification reactions of the instrument. The overall success rate and concordance rate of 153 samples were 94.12% and 93.44%, respectively, which is comparable to other commercially available rapid DNA instruments. A blind test initiated by a DNA expert group showed that the system can correctly produce DNA profiles with 97.29% genotype concordance with standard bench-processing methods, and the profiles can be uploaded into the national DNA database. These results demonstrated that the Quick TargSeq system can rapidly generate reliable DNA profiles in an automated manner and has the potential for use in the field and forensic laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junping Han
- Technology Department of Chaoyang Sub-bureau, Beijing Public Security Bureau, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination, National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhuang
- Beijing CapitalBio Technology Ltd. Co., Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, Jiangsu International Joint Center of Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Daoyu Wang
- People's Public Security University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination, National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Liang Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, Jiangsu International Joint Center of Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Zhao
- Beijing CapitalBio Technology Ltd. Co., Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination, National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Caixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination, National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Laurin N, Boulianne H, Frégeau C. Comparative analysis of two Rapid DNA technologies for the processing of blood and saliva-based samples. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2023; 67:102928. [PMID: 37573630 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2023.102928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid DNA technologies recently gained significant momentum as a means to generate DNA profiles faster than with standard laboratory workflows. Initially developed for the analysis of buccal reference samples, applications are being considered for other types of forensic samples. In this study, an identical set of 150 blood and saliva-based samples was processed using two different Rapid DNA technologies, the Applied BioSystems™ RapidHIT™ ID System using the RapidINTEL™ sample cartridge and the ANDE™ 6C Rapid DNA Analysis™ System using the I-Chip. A subset of samples were subjected to alternative collection methods or sample pre-treatments to determine the optimal strategy for each instrument. An equivalent sample set was also processed using a conventional DNA analysis workflow. The sensitivity range of the two Rapid DNA technologies was comparable based on blood and saliva dilution series, with both technologies able to generate full profiles from samples typically yielding 5-10 ng of DNA when processed using conventional DNA analysis. The brand of cotton swabs used for Rapid DNA analysis had an impact on the results for both systems. Differences were observed in success rate between the two systems when processing blood (on fabrics, FTA paper or hard surfaces) and saliva-based samples (drink containers, FTA paper, chewing gum, cigarette butt filter paper) and depended on the sample type. Importantly, deviating from the manufacturer's instructions for sample collection and pre-treatment was more detrimental to the ANDE 6C results. The quality of DNA profiles, as assessed using heterozygote peak height ratios, interloci balance and artifact presence, confirmed the results to be reliable and acceptable for single source samples. Profiling results were obtained when samples were reprocessed using the same Rapid DNA technology or conventional DNA analysis. Secondary analysis using a substitute software (GeneMapper ID-X v1.5) to recover additional genetic information was shown to be feasible. Finally, a comparison between the Applied Biosystems™ RapidHIT™ ID System Software v1.3.1 and v1.3.2 was also performed. Findings of this study could assist those interested in using Rapid DNA technology for blood or saliva-based samples, in various settings and for different applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Laurin
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Forensic Science & Identification Services, Science and Strategic Policy, 1200 Vanier Parkway, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R2, Canada.
| | - Hélène Boulianne
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Forensic Science & Identification Services, National Forensic Laboratory Services, 1200 Vanier Parkway, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R2, Canada
| | - Chantal Frégeau
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Forensic Science & Identification Services, National Forensic Laboratory Services, 1200 Vanier Parkway, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kaplan MA, McDaneld CP, Brown J, Selden IM, Jiang H, Tan E, Selden R, Spradley MK, Huston S. Alternative workflows for identifying transnational missing persons. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2023; 7:100445. [PMID: 38025091 PMCID: PMC10630773 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2023.100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Mass migration and migrant death at the U.S. southern border highlight the disconnectedness of the systems for transnational decedent identifications. Death investigation cases in Texas face delays and barriers at all stages of an investigation. Additionally, fragmentation of DNA databases exacerbate challenges in comparing genetic samples from unidentified human remains (UHR) and families of the missing. We sought to pilot alternative workflows for processing UHR and family reference samples (FRS) for the identification of probable migrant decedents. Primarily using Rapid DNA, but also accredited non-CODIS DNA laboratories, the piloted approaches were conducted in parallel to existing medicolegal workflows under the relevant case jurisdictional guidance. Our data show that Rapid DNA is a valid path for anthropology laboratories to support identification hypotheses and that accredited non-CODIS forensic and genetic laboratories also can support families to identify remains, especially when families reside outside of the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly A. Kaplan
- Forensic Anthropology Center, Department of Anthropology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Chloe P. McDaneld
- Forensic Anthropology Center, Department of Anthropology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Hua Jiang
- ANDE Corporation LLC, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | | | - M Kate Spradley
- Forensic Anthropology Center, Department of Anthropology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Sara Huston
- Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research, Outreach, and Advocacy Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tan E, Selden RF. Rapid and Sensitive Human-Specific DNA Quantitation Using a Microfluidic Amplification Module at the Point-of-Care. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-6. [PMID: 38083671 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
A rapid microfluidic human-specific DNA quantitation assay module was developed for chip-based amplification of the human TH01 and Alu loci in the presence of PicoGreen. The method makes use of the thermal cycler and 488 nm Solid State laser-based optical train that are components of the fully-integrated, sample-in to results out, ANDE Rapid Nucleic Acid Analysis system. The assay was effective in quantitating human DNA from a variety of sample types, including blood, buccal, and forensic touch samples mixed with varying amounts of non-human DNA. The 28-cycle TH01 and 10-cycle Alu reactions were completed in 18 minutes and 7 minutes, respectively. The observed limit of detection (LOD) of the assay is approximately 0.3 ng, and the flexibility of assay design allows an LOD of as little as 0.005 femtograms.Clinical Relevance-We have developed a fully-integrated, sample-in to results-out, Rapid Nucleic Acid Analysis system that characterizes nucleic acid fragments (whether generated by PCR, rt-PCR, sequencing, or SNP reactions) by electrophoresis in plastic microfluidic channels. Here we describe the development, characterization, and validation of the microfluidic quantitation module. The quantitation module is the first that can be incorporated into integrated microfluidic workflows for the analysis of highly-multiplexed clinical diagnostic assays interrogating hundreds of genomic targets in a single sample. In particular, the use of a microfluidic quantitation module allows reaction volumes, thermal cycling conditions, and electrophoretic injection protocols to be determined based on nucleic acid content during and throughout fully-automated processing-dramatically enhancing the power of the fully-automated diagnostic system.
Collapse
|
5
|
Turiello R, Nouwairi RL, Landers JP. Taking the microfluidic approach to nucleic acid analysis in forensics: Review and perspectives. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2023; 63:102824. [PMID: 36592574 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Forensic laboratories are universally acknowledged as being overburdened, underfunded, and in need of improved analytical methods to expedite investigations, decrease the costs associated with nucleic acid (NA) analysis, and perform human identification (HID) at the point of need (e.g., crime scene, booking station, etc.). In response, numerous research and development (R&D) efforts have resulted in microfluidic tools that automate portions of the forensic genetic workflow, including DNA extraction, amplification, and short tandem repeat (STR) typing. By the early 2000 s, reports from the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) anticipated that microfluidic 'swab-in-profile-out' systems would be available for use at the crime scene by 2015 and the FBI's 2010 'Rapid DNA' Initiative, approved by Congress in 2017, directed this effort by guiding the development and implementation of maturing systems. At present, few fully-automated microfluidic DNA technologies are commercially available for forensic HID and their adoption by agencies interested in identification has been limited. In practice, the integration of complex laboratory processes to produce one autonomous unit, along with the highly variable nature of forensic input samples, resulted in systems that are more expensive per sample and not comparable to gold-standard identification methods in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility, and multiplex capability. This Review and Perspective provides insight into the contributing factors to this outcome; namely, we focus on the complications associated with the tremendous undertaking that is developing a sample-in-answer-out platform for HID. For context, we also describe the intricate forensic landscape that contributes to a nuanced marketplace, not easily distilled down to cases of simple supply and demand. Moving forward and considering the trade-offs associated with developing methods to compete, sometimes directly, with conventional ones, we recommend a focus shift for microfluidics developers toward the creation of innovative solutions for emerging applications in the field to increase the bandwidth of the forensic investigative toolkit. Likewise, we urge case working personnel to reframe how they conceptualize the currently available Rapid DNA tools; rather than comparing these microfluidic methods to gold-standard procedures, take advantage of their rapid and integrated modes for those situations requiring expedited identifications in an informed manner.
Collapse
|
6
|
Bruijns B, Knotter J, Tiggelaar R. A Systematic Review on Commercially Available Integrated Systems for Forensic DNA Analysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1075. [PMID: 36772114 PMCID: PMC9919030 DOI: 10.3390/s23031075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review describes and discusses three commercially available integrated systems for forensic DNA analysis, i.e., ParaDNA, RapidHIT, and ANDE. A variety of aspects, such as performance, time-to-result, ease-of-use, portability, and costs (per analysis run) of these three (modified) rapid DNA analysis systems, are considered. Despite their advantages and developmental progress, major steps still have to be made before rapid systems can be broadly applied at crime scenes for full DNA profiling. Aspects in particular that need (further) improvement are portability, performance, the possibility to analyze a (wider) variety of (complex) forensic samples, and (cartridge) costs. Moreover, steps forward regarding ease-of-use and time-to-result will benefit the broader use of commercial rapid DNA systems. In fact, it would be a profit if rapid DNA systems could be used for full DNA profile generation as well as indicative analyses that can give direction to forensic investigators which will speed up investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Bruijns
- Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, 7513 AB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Politieacademie, Arnhemseweg 348, 7334 AC Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Knotter
- Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, 7513 AB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Politieacademie, Arnhemseweg 348, 7334 AC Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Roald Tiggelaar
- NanoLab Cleanroom, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
McAndrew WP, Speaker PJ, Houck MM. Interpol review of forensic management, 2019-2022. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2023; 6:100301. [PMID: 36655022 PMCID: PMC9840933 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2022.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews and summarizes the forensic management literature from late 2019 to late 2022, covering laboratory strategic, tactical and operational decision-making, benchmarking, quality assurance, and managerial impacts from technological developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William P. McAndrew
- Department of Finance and Economics, Dahlkemper School of Business, Gannon University, USA,Corresponding author.
| | - Paul J. Speaker
- Department of Finance, John Chambers College of Business & Economics, West Virginia University, USA
| | - Max M. Houck
- Global Forensic and Justice Center, Florida International University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in biological sciences from 2019 to 2022 as a part of the 20th INTERPOL International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. Topics reviewed include rapid DNA testing, using law enforcement DNA databases plus investigative genetic genealogy DNA databases along with privacy/ethical issues, forensic biology and body fluid identification, DNA extraction and typing methods, mixture interpretation involving probabilistic genotyping software (PGS), DNA transfer and activity-level evaluations, next-generation sequencing (NGS), DNA phenotyping, lineage markers (Y-chromosome, mitochondrial DNA, X-chromosome), new markers and approaches (microhaplotypes, proteomics, and microbial DNA), kinship analysis and human identification with disaster victim identification (DVI), and non-human DNA testing including wildlife forensics. Available books and review articles are summarized as well as 70 guidance documents to assist in quality control that were published in the past three years by various groups within the United States and around the world.
Collapse
|
9
|
Rapid DNA from a Disaster Victim Identification Perspective: is it a game changer? Forensic Sci Int Genet 2022; 58:102684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
10
|
Martin B, Kaesler T, Linacre A. Analysis of rapid HIT application to touch DNA samples. J Forensic Sci 2022; 67:1233-1240. [PMID: 34978082 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapid DNA technology is being utilized for reference profiles worldwide. There is also strong data in the literature to support its use for high-template DNA sources, the same is not true for low-template sources, such as touch DNA; this is a requirement before wider implementation to forensic casework is considered. We report on the Rapid HIT Intel cartridge's ability to facilitate successful amplification of touch DNA to obtain profiles from template deposited on items commonly encountered in forensic casework. Eight items were touched in ten replicates- two were tapelifted, three swabbed, and three directly inserted. Significance was observed in the alleles amplified and RFU with respect to sample type. Three samples performed well: cable tie, fabric, and matchstick. As two of these were directly inserted, this should be considered for any sample small enough. Placement of highly absorbent substrates into the cartridge is not advised as it can cause a lysate-pull error. Heterozygote loci often presented as homozygous (32%-78% loci per profile); this was influenced by substrate type and profile RFU. Loci with larger masses exhibited higher false homozygosity also. Comparison of the donor's profile analyzed was performed against previous datasets analyzing touch DNA through standard workflow, including manual DNA extraction, PCR, and CE separation. These data show that for all substrates, except for a fabric swatch, standard processing is preferential to Rapid HIT analysis. In its current form, rapid DNA technology is not fit for the routine analysis of touch DNA samples in forensic casework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Martin
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Todd Kaesler
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Adrian Linacre
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ward D, Henry J, Taylor D. Analysis of mixed DNA profiles from the RapidHIT™ ID platform using probabilistic genotyping software STRmix™. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2022; 58:102664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
12
|
An in-field evaluation of rapid DNA instruments for disaster victim identification. Int J Legal Med 2021; 136:493-499. [PMID: 34816308 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In 2019 and 2020, disaster victim identification (DVI) simulations were conducted at the Australian Facility for Taphonomic Experimental Research. Whole and fragmented cadavers were positioned to replicate a building collapse scenario and left to decompose for up to 4 weeks. This study evaluated the utility of the ANDE™ 6C Rapid DNA System and the RapidHITTM ID System for DVI in the field and mortuary. Applying post-mortem nail and tissue biopsy samples showed promise, with the added benefit of minimally invasive collection procedures and limited preparation requirements. The preferred platform will depend on a number of factors, including its intended use and operating environment.
Collapse
|
13
|
Validation of the Applied Biosystems RapidHIT ID instrument and ACE GlobalFiler Express sample cartridge. Int J Legal Med 2021; 136:13-41. [PMID: 34643802 PMCID: PMC8511620 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid DNA platforms are fully automated systems capable of processing DNA from biological samples and interpreting the results in approximately 90 minutes with minimal human intervention. With a greater reliance on the system than on the analyst, validation data are especially needed to define the performance and limitations of commercially available Rapid DNA systems. Thus, validation studies of a Rapid DNA workflow consisting of the Applied Biosystems RapidHIT ID Instrument and RapidLINK software with a focus on the ACE GlobalFiler Express Sample Cartridge and reference buccal swabs were performed in accordance with Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods Validation Guidelines. These validation studies included assessments of sensitivity, contamination, concordance, reproducibility and repeatability, stability, inhibition, mixtures, sample reprocessing, precision, and first-pass success rate. Overall, the current Applied Biosystems RapidHIT ID Instrument with the ACE GlobalFiler Express sample cartridge was found to be a reliable tool for generation of STR profiles from reference-type buccal swabs.
Collapse
|
14
|
Barnert E, Katsanis SH, Mishori R, Wagner JK, Selden RF, Madden D, Berger D, Erlich H, Hampton K, Kleiser A, La Vaccara A, Parsons TJ, Peccerelli FA, Piñero MH, Stebbins MJ, Vásquez P, Warf CW, White TJ, Stover E, Svetaz MV. Using DNA to reunify separated migrant families. Science 2021; 372:1154-1156. [PMID: 34045324 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Barnert
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Sara H Katsanis
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials.
| | - Ranit Mishori
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Jennifer K Wagner
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Richard F Selden
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Diana Madden
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Dan Berger
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Henry Erlich
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Kathryn Hampton
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Andreas Kleiser
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | | | - Thomas J Parsons
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Fredy A Peccerelli
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | | | - Michael J Stebbins
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Patricia Vásquez
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Curren W Warf
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Thomas J White
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Eric Stover
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - M Veronica Svetaz
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Manzella AM, Carte KM, King SL, Moreno LI. Assessment of the ANDE 6C Rapid DNA system and investigative biochip for the processing of calcified and muscle tissue. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 53:102526. [PMID: 33991866 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The ANDE 6C Rapid DNA system could offer a potential alternative for the processing of calcified and soft tissue samples, often encountered in mass disaster scenarios. While originally designed for single source buccal swabs, interest in the performance of these instruments when using other types of single source samples continues to grow. To enhance the recovery of otherwise lesser quality samples, the manufacturer developed the investigative biochip, an alternative to the NDIS approved Arrestee biochip for reference sample buccal swabs. This study explores the viability of using the ANDE 6C system and the investigative biochip to process soft and calcified tissue, and uses conventional sample processing to contrast the results. Though the success rate obtained using the instrument's expert system was lower than expected - 0% muscle, 11% ribs, and 50% teeth -, the ANDE 6C offers an advantage over conventional calcified tissue processing in terms of turn-around time and processing complexity. If robust analysis parameters can be established to allow the evaluation of the generated data by a qualified analyst on a third party software platform, the use of the ANDE 6C and investigative biochip could be a suitable alternative for currently employed procedures. However, as is the case with conventional DNA typing, the quantity, age, type of biological material and quality of the exemplars could all play a role in the success of the ANDE 6C typing process. In addition, it appears as if the calcified tissue pre-processing protocol that provides the better opportunity for the ANDE 6C success is not appropriate to be carried out in the field or by non-trained personnel as special equipment as well as a certain level of exe expertise and technique is necessary. Nevertheless, disaster victim and unidentified human remain samples could be processed in a laboratory setting using the Rapid DNA ANDE 6C platform provided sufficient material is available to conduct a second, 'rescue' sample processing if necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- April M Manzella
- DNA Support Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135, USA; EnProVera, 410 Ware Blvd, Tampa, FL 33619, USA
| | - Kathryn M Carte
- DNA Support Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135, USA; EnProVera, 410 Ware Blvd, Tampa, FL 33619, USA
| | - Sheria L King
- Scientific Support Services, Royal Bahamas Police Force, East St, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - Lilliana I Moreno
- DNA Support Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ren ZL, Zhang JR, Zhang XM, Liu X, Lin YF, Bai H, Wang MC, Cheng F, Liu JD, Li P, Kong L, Bo XC, Wang SQ, Ni M, Yan JW. Forensic nanopore sequencing of STRs and SNPs using Verogen's ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit and MinION. Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:1685-1693. [PMID: 33950286 PMCID: PMC8098014 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The MinION nanopore sequencing device (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Oxford, UK) is the smallest commercially available sequencer and can be used outside of conventional laboratories. The use of the MinION for forensic applications, however, is hindered by the high error rate of nanopore sequencing. One approach to solving this problem is to identify forensic genetic markers that can consistently be typed correctly based on nanopore sequencing. In this pilot study, we explored the use of nanopore sequencing for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and short tandem repeat (STR) profiling using Verogen’s (San Diego, CA, USA) ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit. Thirty single-contributor samples and DNA standard material 2800 M were genotyped using the Illumina (San Diego, CA, USA) MiSeq FGx and MinION (with R9.4.1 flow cells) devices. With an optimized cutoff for allelic imbalance, all 94 identity-informative SNP loci could be genotyped reliably using the MinION device, with an overall accuracy of 99.958% (1 error among 2926 genotypes). STR typing was notably error prone, and its accuracy was locus dependent. We developed a custom-made bioinformatics workflow, and finally selected 13 autosomal STRs, 14 Y-STRs, and 4 X-STRs showing high consistency between nanopore and Illumina sequencing among the tested samples. These SNP and STR loci could be candidates for panel design for forensic analysis based on nanopore sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Lin Ren
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Rong Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Meng Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Liu
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing, 100089, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Feng Lin
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Bai
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Chun Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Cheng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ding Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Kong
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chen Bo
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Qi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Ni
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiang-Wei Yan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hinton N, Springstead T, Wright K, McNamara KP. Evaluation of rapid DNA using ANDE™ in a technical exploitation Level 2 laboratory workflow. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:1879-1888. [PMID: 33885155 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A trial of rapid DNA (rDNA), a fully automated DNA profiling system, within a technical exploitation (TE) workflow is an important endeavor. In the 2019 Ardent Defender (AD) exercise, the Deployable Technical Analysis Laboratory (DTAL), of the Canadian Department of National Defence (DND), evaluated the use of rDNA using ANDE™. Sixteen samples were processed during a pre-exercise "controlled" setting, 44 samples were from an "uncontrolled" environment during the exercise, and 22 samples were buccal swabs. The proportion of profiles suitable for upload to ANDE™ was 95.5% of buccal samples (21/22), 66.7% controlled samples, and 15.9% for uncontrolled samples. A considerable difference was observed in the proportions of complete DNA profiles obtained from all exploited items between the controlled (58.3%) and uncontrolled (15.9%) trials and in the proportions of samples where no DNA was detected (16.7% controlled trial vs. 56.8% uncontrolled trial). Overall, the trials highlighted the potential to gain identity intelligence using rDNA within a TE workflow and revealed the impact of operational constraints and the need to improve certain TE practices to gain the most benefit from rDNA. It also demonstrated the benefit of including an uncontrolled component for a more realistic indication of rDNA effectiveness in operational settings and highlighted operational practices impacting rDNA success. Mixture deconvolution was difficult as current guidelines do not consider some of the stochastic effects produced by the rDNA analysis; however, overall, the study demonstrated that rDNA using the ANDE™ instrument could be successfully incorporated into a TE workflow within a deployable laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hinton
- Deployable Technical Analysis Laboratory, Department of National Defence, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tyson Springstead
- Deployable Technical Analysis Laboratory, Department of National Defence, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kirsty Wright
- Australia Defence Force, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Kevin P McNamara
- Deployable Technical Analysis Laboratory, Department of National Defence, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hakim HM, Khan HO, Lalung J, Nelson BR, Chambers GK, Edinur HA. Autosomal STR Profiling and Databanking in Malaysia: Current Status and Future Prospects. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101112. [PMID: 32977385 PMCID: PMC7597947 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Science and technology are extensively used in criminal investigation. From the mid- to late-1980s, one of the scientific discoveries that has had a particularly remarkable impact on this field has been the use of highly variable DNA sequence regions (minisatellites) in the human genome for individual identification. The technique was initially referred to as DNA fingerprinting, but is now more widely referred to as DNA profiling. Since then, many new developments have occurred within this area of science. These include the introduction of new genetic markers (microsatellites also known as short tandem repeats/STRs), the use of the polymerase chain reaction for target amplification, the development of DNA databases (databanking), and the advancement and/or improvement of genotyping protocols and technologies. In 2019, we described the progress of DNA profiling and DNA databanking in Malaysia for the first time. This report included information on DNA analysis regulations and legislation, STR genotyping protocols, database management, and accreditation status. Here, we provide an update on the performance of our DNA databank (numbers of DNA profiles and hits) plus the technical issues associated with correctly assigning the weight of evidence for DNA profiles in an ethnically diverse population, and the potential application of rapid DNA testing in the country. A total of 116,534 DNA profiles were obtained and stored in the Forensic DNA Databank of Malaysia (FDDM) by 2019, having increased from 70,570 in 2017. The number of hits increased by more than three-fold in just two years, where 17 and 69 hits between the DNA profiles stored in the FDDM and those from crime scenes, suspects, detainees, drug users, convicts, missing persons, or volunteers were recorded in 2017 and 2019, respectively. Forensic DNA analysis and databanking are thus progressing well in Malaysia and have already contributed to many criminal investigations. However, several other issues are discussed here, including the need for STR population data for uncharacterized population groups, and pilot trials for adopting rapid DNA profiling technology. These aspects should be considered by policy makers and law enforcement agencies in order to increase the reliability and efficiency of DNA profiling in criminal cases and in kinship analysis in Malaysia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hashom Mohd Hakim
- DNA Databank Division (D13), Criminal Investigation Department, Royal Malaysian Police, Cheras 43200, Selangor, Malaysia;
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (H.M.H.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Hussein Omar Khan
- DNA Databank Division (D13), Criminal Investigation Department, Royal Malaysian Police, Cheras 43200, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Japareng Lalung
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Bryan Raveen Nelson
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Geoffrey Keith Chambers
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand;
| | - Hisham Atan Edinur
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
- Forensic Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Correspondence: (H.M.H.); (H.A.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kitayama T, Fukagawa T, Watahiki H, Mita Y, Fujii K, Unuma K, Sakurada K, Uemura K, Sekiguchi K, Mizuno N. Evaluation of Rapid DNA system for buccal swab and disaster victim identification samples. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2020; 46:101713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
20
|
Ragazzo M, Melchiorri S, Manzo L, Errichiello V, Puleri G, Nicastro F, Giardina E. Comparative Analysis of ANDE 6C Rapid DNA Analysis System and Traditional Methods. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E582. [PMID: 32456006 PMCID: PMC7288309 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid DNA analysis is an ultrafast and fully automated DNA-typing system, which can produce interpretable genetic profiles from biological samples within 90 minutes. This "swab in-profile out" method comprises DNA extraction, amplification by PCR multiplex, separation and detection of DNA fragments by capillary electrophoresis. The aim of study was the validation of the Accelerated Nuclear DNA Equipment (ANDE) 6C system as a typing method for reference samples according to the ISO/IEC 17025 standard. Here, we report the evaluation of the validity and reproducibility of results by the comparison of the genetic profiles generated by the ANDE 6C System with those generated by standard technologies. A quantity of 104 buccal swabs were analyzed both through the ANDE 6C technology and the traditional method (DNA extraction and quantification, amplification and separation by capillary electrophoresis). Positive typing was observed in 97% of cases for ANDE 6C technology with only three buccal swabs failing to reveal interpretable signals. Concordance was determined by comparing the allele calls generated by ANDE 6C and conventional technology. Comparison of 2800 genotypes revealed a concordance rate of 99.96%. These results met the ISO/IEC 17025 requirements, enabling us to receive the accreditation for this method. Finally, rapid technology has certainly reached a level of reliability which has made its use in laboratories of forensic genetics a reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ragazzo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (V.E.); (G.P.)
| | - Stefano Melchiorri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (V.E.); (G.P.)
| | - Laura Manzo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (V.E.); (G.P.)
| | - Valeria Errichiello
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (V.E.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulio Puleri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (V.E.); (G.P.)
| | | | - Emiliano Giardina
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (V.E.); (G.P.)
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gin K, Tovar J, Bartelink EJ, Kendell A, Milligan C, Willey P, Wood J, Tan E, Turingan RS, Selden RF. The 2018 California Wildfires: Integration of Rapid DNA to Dramatically Accelerate Victim Identification. J Forensic Sci 2020; 65:791-799. [PMID: 32128817 PMCID: PMC7318200 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In November 2018, Butte County, California, was decimated by the Camp Fire, the deadliest wildfire in state history. Over 150,000 acres were destroyed, and at its peak, the fire consumed eighty acres per minute. The speed and intensity of the oncoming flames killed scores of people, and weeks before the fire was contained, first responders began searching through the rubble of 18,804 residences and commercial buildings. As with most mass disasters, conventional identification modalities (e.g., fingerprints, odontology, hardware) were utilized to identify victims. The intensity and duration of the fire severely degraded most of the remains, and these approaches were useful in only 22 of 84 cases. In the past, the remaining cases would have been subjected to conventional DNA analysis, which may have required months to years. Instead, Rapid DNA technology was utilized (in a rented recreational vehicle outside the Sacramento morgue) in the victim identification effort. Sixty-nine sets of remains were subjected to Rapid DNA Identification and, of these, 62 (89.9%) generated short tandem repeat profiles that were subjected to familial searching; essentially all these profiles were produced within hours of sample receipt. Samples successfully utilized for DNA identification included blood, bone, liver, muscle, soft tissue of unknown origin, and brain. In tandem with processing of 255 family reference samples, 58 victims were identified. This work represents the first use of Rapid DNA Identification in a mass casualty event, and the results support the use of Rapid DNA as an integrated tool with conventional disaster victim identification modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Gin
- Sacramento County Coroner's Office4800 BroadwaySacramentoCA95820
| | - Jason Tovar
- Sacramento County Coroner's Office4800 BroadwaySacramentoCA95820
| | - Eric J. Bartelink
- Department of AnthropologyCalifornia State University400 West First StreetChicoCA95929
| | - Ashley Kendell
- Department of AnthropologyCalifornia State University400 West First StreetChicoCA95929
| | - Colleen Milligan
- Department of AnthropologyCalifornia State University400 West First StreetChicoCA95929
| | - P. Willey
- Department of AnthropologyCalifornia State University400 West First StreetChicoCA95929
| | - James Wood
- Sonoma County Sheriff‐Coroner Office3336 Chanate RoadSanta RosaCA95404
| | - Eugene Tan
- ANDE Corporation266 Second AvenueWalthamMA024551
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Romsos EL, French JL, Smith M, Figarelli V, Harran F, Vandegrift G, Moreno LI, Callaghan TF, Brocato J, Vaidyanathan J, Pedroso JC, Amy A, Stoiloff S, Morillo VH, Czetyrko K, Johnson ED, de Tagyos J, Murray A, Vallone PM. Results of the 2018 Rapid DNA Maturity Assessment. J Forensic Sci 2020; 65:953-959. [PMID: 31985834 PMCID: PMC11034630 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Three commercially available integrated rapid DNA instruments were tested as a part of a rapid DNA maturity assessment in July of 2018. The assessment was conducted with sets of blinded single-source reference samples provided to participants for testing on the individual rapid platforms within their laboratories. The data were returned to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for review and analysis. Both FBI-defined automated review (Rapid DNA Analysis) and manual review (Modified Rapid DNA Analysis) of the datasets were conducted to assess the success of genotyping the 20 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) core STR loci and full profiles generated by the instruments. Genotype results from the multiple platforms, participating laboratories, and STR typing chemistries were combined into a single analysis. The Rapid DNA Analysis resulted in a success rate of 80% for full profiles (85% for the 20 CODIS core loci) with automated analysis. Modified Rapid DNA Analysis resulted in a success rate of 90% for both the CODIS 20 core loci and full profiles (all attempted loci per chemistry). An analysis of the peak height ratios demonstrated that 95% of all heterozygous alleles were above 59% heterozygote balance. For base-pair sizing precision, the precision was below the standard 0.5 bp deviation for both the ANDE 6C System and the RapidHIT 200.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Romsos
- Applied Genetics Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8314
| | | | - Mark Smith
- Arizona Department Public Safety, 2102 West Encanto Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85009
| | - Vincent Figarelli
- Arizona Department Public Safety, 2102 West Encanto Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85009
| | - Frederick Harran
- Bensalem Township Police Department, 2400 Byberry Road, Bensalem, PA, 19020
| | - Glenn Vandegrift
- Bensalem Township Police Department, 2400 Byberry Road, Bensalem, PA, 19020
| | - Lilliana I Moreno
- Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA, 22135
| | - Thomas F Callaghan
- Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA, 22135
| | - Joanie Brocato
- Louisiana State Police Crime Laboratory, 376 East Airport Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70806
| | - Janaki Vaidyanathan
- Louisiana State Police Crime Laboratory, 376 East Airport Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70806
| | - Juan C Pedroso
- Miami Beach Police Department, 1100 Washington Ave, Miami Beach, FL, 33139
| | - Andrea Amy
- Miami Beach Police Department, 1100 Washington Ave, Miami Beach, FL, 33139
| | - Stephanie Stoiloff
- Miami-Dade Police Department, Forensic Services Bureau, 9105 NW 25th Street, Doral, FL, 33172
| | - Victor H Morillo
- Miami-Dade Police Department, Forensic Services Bureau, 9105 NW 25th Street, Doral, FL, 33172
| | - Karina Czetyrko
- Miami-Dade Police Department, Forensic Services Bureau, 9105 NW 25th Street, Doral, FL, 33172
| | - Elizabeth D Johnson
- United States Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory Defense Forensic Science Center, 4930 North 31st Street, Forest Park, GA, 30297
| | - Jessica de Tagyos
- United States Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory Defense Forensic Science Center, 4930 North 31st Street, Forest Park, GA, 30297
| | - Ashley Murray
- United States Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory Defense Forensic Science Center, 4930 North 31st Street, Forest Park, GA, 30297
| | - Peter M Vallone
- Applied Genetics Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8314
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Butler JM, Willis S. Interpol review of forensic biology and forensic DNA typing 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:352-367. [PMID: 33385135 PMCID: PMC7770417 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in biological sciences from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.
Collapse
|
24
|
Turingan RS, Tan E, Jiang H, Brown J, Estari Y, Krautz-Peterson G, Selden RF. Developmental Validation of the ANDE 6C System for Rapid DNA Analysis of Forensic Casework and DVI Samples. J Forensic Sci 2020; 65:1056-1071. [PMID: 32040208 PMCID: PMC7383818 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A developmental validation was performed to demonstrate reliability, reproducibility, and robustness of the ANDE Rapid DNA Identification System for processing of crime scene and disaster victim identification (DVI) samples. A total of 1705 samples were evaluated, including blood, oral epithelial samples from drinking containers, samples on FTA and untreated paper, semen, bone, and soft tissues. This study was conducted to address the FBI’s Quality Assurance Standards on developmental validation and to accumulate data from a sufficient number of unique donors and sample types to meet NDIS submission requirements for acceptance of the ANDE Expert System for casework use. To date, no Expert System has been approved for such samples, but the results of this study demonstrated that the automated Expert System performs similarly to conventional laboratory data analysis. Furthermore, Rapid DNA analysis demonstrated accuracy, precision, resolution, concordance, and reproducibility that were comparable to conventional processing along with appropriate species specificity, limit of detection, performance in the presence of inhibitors. No lane‐to‐lane or run‐to‐run contamination was observed, and the system correctly identified the presence of mixtures. Taken together, the ANDE instrument, I‐Chip consumable, FlexPlex chemistry (a 27‐locus STR assay compatible with all widely used global loci, including the CODIS core 20 loci), and automated Expert System successfully processed and interpreted more than 1200 unique samples with over 99.99% concordant CODIS alleles. This extensive developmental validation data provides support for broad use of the system by agencies and accredited forensic laboratories in single‐source suspect‐evidence comparisons, local database searches, and DVI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugene Tan
- ANDE Corporation, 266 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA, 02451
| | - Hua Jiang
- ANDE Corporation, 266 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA, 02451
| | - Jessi Brown
- ANDE Corporation, 266 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA, 02451
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Turingan RS, Brown J, Kaplun L, Smith J, Watson J, Boyd DA, Steadman DW, Selden RF. Identification of human remains using Rapid DNA analysis. Int J Legal Med 2019; 134:863-872. [PMID: 31781850 PMCID: PMC7181457 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid identification of human remains following mass casualty events is essential to bring closure to family members and friends of the victims. Unfortunately, disaster victim identification, missing persons identification, and forensic casework analysis are often complicated by sample degradation due to exposure to harsh environmental conditions. Following a mass disaster, forensic laboratories may be overwhelmed by the number of dissociated portions that require identification and reassociation or compromised by the event itself. The interval between the disaster and receipt of victim samples at a laboratory is critical in that sample quality deteriorates as the postmortem interval increases. When bodies decompose due to delay in collection, transport, and sample processing, DNA becomes progressively fragmented, adversely impacting identification. We have previously developed a fully automated, field-forward Rapid DNA identification system that produces STR profiles (also referred to as DNA IDs or DNA fingerprints) from buccal and crime scene samples. The system performs all sample processing and data interpretation in less than 2 h. Here, we present results on Rapid DNA identification performed on several tissue types (including buccal, muscle, liver, brain, tooth, and bone) from exposed human bodies placed above ground or stored in a morgue/cooler, two scenarios commonly encountered following mass disasters. We demonstrate that for exposed remains, buccal swabs are the sample of choice for up to 11 days exposure and bone and tooth samples generated excellent DNA IDs for the 1-year duration of the study. For refrigerated remains, all sample types generated excellent DNA IDs for the 3-month testing period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessi Brown
- ANDE Corporation, 266 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Ludmila Kaplun
- ANDE Corporation, 266 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Jake Smith
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jenna Watson
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Derek A Boyd
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Dawnie Wolfe Steadman
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|