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Fan Y, Shi B. Endophytic Fungi from the Four Staple Crops and Their Secondary Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6057. [PMID: 38892244 PMCID: PMC11173346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are present in every plant, and crops are no exception. There are more than 50,000 edible plant species on the planet, but only 15 crops provide 90 percent of the global energy intake, and "the big four"-wheat, rice, maize and potato-are staples for about 5 billion people. Not only do the four staple crops contribute to global food security, but the endophytic fungi within their plant tissues are complex ecosystems that have been under scrutiny. This review presents an outline of the endophytic fungi and their secondary metabolites in four staple crops: wheat, rice, maize and potato. A total of 292 endophytic fungi were identified from the four major crops, with wheat having the highest number of 157 endophytic fungi. Potato endophytic fungi had the highest number of secondary metabolites, totaling 204 compounds, compared with only 23 secondary metabolites from the other three crops containing endophytic fungi. Some of the compounds are those with specific structural and pharmacological activities, which may be beneficial to agrochemistry and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baobao Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China;
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2
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Lin W, Jiang Q, Dong Y, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Gao B, Zhu D. Plant endophytic fungi exhibit diverse biotransformation pathways of mogrosides and show great potential application in siamenoside I production. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:42. [PMID: 38653936 PMCID: PMC11039582 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes, as an untapped resource of glycoside hydrolase biocatalysts, need to be further developed. Mogroside V, the primary active compound in Siraitia grosvenorii fruit, can be converted into other various bioactive mogrosides by selective hydrolysis of glucose residues at C3 and C24 positions. In present study, 20 fungal strains were randomly selected from our endophytic fungal strain library to assess their capability for mogroside V transformation. The results revealed that relatively high rate (30%) endophytic fungal strains exhibited transformative potential. Further analysis indicated that endophytic fungi could produce abundant mogrosides, and the pathways for biotransforming mogroside V showed diverse. Among the given fungal endophytes, Aspergillus sp. S125 almost completely converted mogroside V into the end-products mogroside II A and aglycone within just 2 days of fermentation; Muyocopron sp. A5 produced rich intermediate products, including siamenoside I, and the end-product mogroside II E. Subsequently, we optimized the fermentation conditions for Aspergillus sp. S125 and Muyocopron sp. A5 to evaluate the feasibility of large-scale mogroside V conversion. After optimization, Aspergillus sp. S125 converted 10 g/L of mogroside V into 4.5 g/L of mogroside II A and 3.6 g/L of aglycone after 3 days of fermentation, whereas Muyocopron sp. A5 selectively produced 4.88 g/L of siamenoside I from 7.5 g/L of mogroside V after 36 h of fermentation. This study not only identifies highly effective biocatalytic candidates for mogrosides transformation, but also strongly suggests the potential of plant endophytic fungi as valuable resources for the biocatalysis of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Lin
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Qiang Jiang
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Yamin Dong
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Yiwen Xiao
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Boliang Gao
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Du Zhu
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
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3
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Xie T, Shen S, Hu R, Li W, Wang J. Screening, Identification, and Growth Promotion of Antagonistic Endophytes Associated with Chenopodium quinoa Against Quinoa Pathogens. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1839-1852. [PMID: 37948615 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-22-0419-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Fungal disease is one of the important reasons for crop yield reduction. Isolation of important endophytes with biocontrol and growth-promoting effects is of great significance for the exploitation of beneficial microbial resources and the biological control of crop fungal diseases. In this study, endophytes from roots, stems, and leaves of quinoa at different growth and development stages were isolated and purified; then the antagonistic activity and growth-promoting characteristics of antagonistic endophytes were determined. Finally, the antagonistic endophytes were identified by morphological characteristics and ITS/16S rRNA sequence analysis. Our results showed that 122 endophytic fungi and 371 endophytic bacteria were isolated from quinoa, of which three endophytic fungi and seven endophytic bacteria were screened that had inhibitory activity against quinoa pathogenic fungi. Most of the antagonistic strains could produce indole-3 acetic acid and had the ability to dissolve organic phosphorus. In addition, the bacterial suspension of endophytic bacteria had the ability to promote the seed germination and plant growth of quinoa. The endophytic fungi with antagonistic activity were identified as Penicillium raperi and P. pulvillorum; the endophytic bacteria were identified as Bacillus paralicheniformis, B. tequilensis, and B. velezensis, respectively. The strains of quinoa endophytes in this study can provide rich microbial resources and a theoretical basis for biological control of plant fungal diseases and agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyan Xie
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Qaidam Vocational and Technical College, Delingha 817099, Qinghai, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
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Kumar V, Prasher IB. Seasonal variation and tissues specificity of endophytic fungi of Dillenia indica L. and their extracellular enzymatic activity. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:341. [PMID: 35593972 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes are microbes that live inside the tissues of plants without causing any disease. Many of these belonging to fungi have been exploited earlier for their biological activities. This study focused on the exploration and characterization of culturable endophytic fungi inhabiting the medicinal plant Dillenia indica L. during four different seasons (summer, monsoon, autumn, and winter) from 2018 to 2019. A total of 2360 segments from different parts (leaves, fruits, and stem) were screened to isolate endophytic fungi. During the study, 25 species of fungi belonging to 20 genera were isolated from the selected plant. The identification of these fungi was validated at morphological, microscopic, and molecular levels. Results indicate the plant has the highest affinity for Daldinia eschscholtzii, followed by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Cladosporium cladosporioides. Further, the percent frequency was highest in leaves, followed by stem and fruits. The results were further supported by a similar trend of colonization rate for different plant parts. The monsoon season had the highest number of isolates (312), followed by summer (208), winter (164), and autumn (114). Species diversity was highest during the monsoon season and lowest during the winter. These fungi also produce amylase, lipase, protease, asparaginase, cellulase, and ligninolytic enzymes. This study focused only on culturable fungal endophytes, yet the scope can be extended for other non-culturable microbes and their interaction by using high-throughput genomics and novel next-generation sequencing (NGS) tools. The results indicate that Dillenia indica L. harbors novel endophytic fungi having industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Mycology and Plant Pathology Lab., Department of Botany, Panjab University Chandigarh, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - I B Prasher
- Mycology and Plant Pathology Lab., Department of Botany, Panjab University Chandigarh, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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5
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Xiao Y, Zhang Z, Liang W, Gao B, Wang Y, Chang J, Zhu D. Endophytic fungi from Dongxiang wild rice ( Oryza rufipogon Griff .) show diverse catalytic potential for converting glycyrrhizin. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:79. [PMID: 35251882 PMCID: PMC8882211 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi inhabiting niche environments are novel biocatalyst resources that need to be exploited urgently. In this study, 63 endophytic fungi isolated from Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) were tested to assess their potentials to transform glycyrrhizin (GL) into glycyrrhetinic acid monoglucuronide (GAMG) or glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), of which 12 strains were shown to have β-d-glucuronidase activity. Based on morphological characteristics and rDNA ITS sequence analysis, the strains S59, L138, L55 and R57 with high GL molar conversion rates (55%, 45%, 65% and 89%) were further identified as Microsphaeropsis arundinis S59, Penicillium rubens L138, Aspergillus flavus L55 and Eupenicillium javanicum R57, respectively. These four strains with four different types of GL conversion processes were identified, i.e., (1) GL → GAMG in M. arundinis S59, (2) GL → GAMG and GA in A. flavus L55, (3) GL → GA in P. rubens L138, and (4) GL → GAMG → GA in E. javanicum R57, in which the bioconversion type (4) is reported for the first time. The study not only provided abundant and diverse β-d-glucuronidase resources that can be used for GL bioconversion, especially for GAMG biosynthesis from endophytic fungi, but also expanded our knowledge of potential roles of endophytes as new biocatalysts in biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 China
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Weizhong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Boliang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Jun Chang
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Du Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 China
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
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6
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Gao B, Xiao Y, Zhang Q, Sun J, Zhang Z, Zhu D. Concurrent production of glycyrrhetic acid 3- O-mono-β-d-glucuronide and lignocellulolytic enzymes by solid-state fermentation of a plant endophytic Chaetomium globosum. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:88. [PMID: 34540556 PMCID: PMC8442819 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-mono-β-d-glucuronide (GAMG) as an important derivative of glycyrrhizin (GL) shows stronger biological activities and higher sweetness than GL. The biotransformation process is considered as an efficient strategy for GAMG production, due to its mild reaction, high production efficiency and environmentally friendly status. In this study, licorice straw was used for the first time as a medium for GAMG and lignocellulosic enzyme production via solid-state fermentation (SSF) of endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum DX-THS3. The fermentation conditions including particle size, temperature, seed age, inoculum size, and moisture of substrate were optimized. Furthermore, additional nitrogen sources and carbon sources were screened for GAMG production by C. globosum DX-THS3 of SSF. Under optimal fermentation conditions, the percent conversion of glycyrrhizin reached 90% in 15 days, whereas the control needed 35 days to achieve the same result. The productivity of optimization (P = 2.1 mg/g/day) was 2.33-fold that of non-optimization (P = 0.9 mg/g/day). Meanwhile, high activities of filter paper enzyme (FPase) (245.80 U/g), carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) (33.67 U/g), xylanase (83.44 U/g), and β-glucuronidase activity (271.42 U/g) were obtained faster than those in the control during SSF. Our study provides a novel and efficient strategy for GAMG production and indicates C. globosum DX-THS3 as a potential producer of lignocellulolytic enzymes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40643-021-00441-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boliang Gao
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Yiwen Xiao
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China.,Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Junru Sun
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Du Zhu
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China.,Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 China
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7
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Dos Santos GD, Gomes RR, Gonçalves R, Fornari G, Maia BHLNS, Schmidt-Dannert C, Gaascht F, Glienke C, Schneider GX, Colombo IR, Degenhardt-Goldbach J, Pietsch JLM, Costa-Ribeiro MCV, Vicente VA. Molecular Identification and Antimicrobial Activity of Foliar Endophytic Fungi on the Brazilian Pepper Tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) Reveal New Species of Diaporthe. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3218-3229. [PMID: 34213615 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The presence of endophytes promotes the biosynthesis of secondary plant metabolites. In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from Schinus terebinthifolius to investigate their diversity and antimicrobial activity. A total of 272 endophytic fungi was obtained. These belonged to nine different genera: Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Pestalotiopsis, Phyllosticta, Xylaria, and Cryptococcus. Notably, Diaporthe foliorum was introduced as a new species, with accompanying morphological descriptions, illustrations, and a multigene phylogenetic analysis (using ITS, TEF1, TUB, HIS, and CAL). Among the 26 fungal morphotypes evaluated for antimicrobial activity, five strains had inhibitory effects against pathogenic microorganisms. Xylaria allantoidea CMRP1424 extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Diaporthe terebinthifolii CMRP1430 and CMRP1436 showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and C. albicans. Meanwhile, D. foliorum CMRP1321 and D. malorum CMRP1438 extracts inhibited C. albicans alone. Three classes of chemical compounds were identified in D. foliorum CMRP1438 extracts: ferric chloride, potassium hydroxide, and vanillin-sulfuric acid. In conclusion, the endophytic isolates were able to produce bioactive agents with pharmaceutical potential as antibacterial and antifungal agents. As such, they may provide fresh leads in the search for new, biological sources of drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana D Dos Santos
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Renata R Gomes
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Rosana Gonçalves
- Undergraduate Student in Biomedicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gheniffer Fornari
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Beatriz H L N S Maia
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Claudia Schmidt-Dannert
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Francois Gaascht
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Gabriela X Schneider
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Israella R Colombo
- Undergraduate Student in Biomedicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - João L M Pietsch
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Magda C V Costa-Ribeiro
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Vania A Vicente
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil.
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Zhang ZB, Du SY, Ji B, Ji CJ, Xiao YW, Yan RM, Zhu D. New Helvolic Acid Derivatives with Antibacterial Activities from Sarocladium oryzae DX-THL3, an Endophytic Fungus from Dongxiang Wild Rice ( Oryza rufipogon Griff.). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071828. [PMID: 33805102 PMCID: PMC8037696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new helvolic acid derivatives (named sarocladilactone A (1), sarocladilactone B (2) and sarocladic acid A (3a)), together with five known compounds (6,16-diacetoxy-25-hy- droxy-3,7-dioxy-29-nordammara-1,17(20)-dien-21-oic acid (3b), helvolic acid (4), helvolinic acid (5), 6-desacetoxy-helvolic acid (6) and 1,2-dihydrohelvolic acid (7)), were isolated from the endophytic fungus DX-THL3, obtained from the leaf of Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated via HR-MS, extensive 1D and 2D NMR analysis and comparison with reported data. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 exhibited potent antibacterial activities. In particular, sarocladilactone B (2), helvolinic acid (5) and 6-desacetoxy-helvolic acid (6) exhibited strongly Staphylococcus aureus inhibitory activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 4, 1 and 4 μg/mL, respectively. The structure–activity relationship (SAR) of these compounds was primarily summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropical Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (Z.-B.Z.); (S.-Y.D.); (Y.-W.X.); (R.-M.Y.)
| | - Si-Yao Du
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropical Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (Z.-B.Z.); (S.-Y.D.); (Y.-W.X.); (R.-M.Y.)
| | - Bo Ji
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China;
| | - Chang-Jiu Ji
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
- Correspondence: (C.-J.J.); (D.Z.); Tel.: +86-15279850892 (C.-J.J.); +86-79188121934 (D.Z.)
| | - Yi-Wen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropical Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (Z.-B.Z.); (S.-Y.D.); (Y.-W.X.); (R.-M.Y.)
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China;
| | - Ri-Ming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropical Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (Z.-B.Z.); (S.-Y.D.); (Y.-W.X.); (R.-M.Y.)
| | - Du Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropical Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (Z.-B.Z.); (S.-Y.D.); (Y.-W.X.); (R.-M.Y.)
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China;
- Correspondence: (C.-J.J.); (D.Z.); Tel.: +86-15279850892 (C.-J.J.); +86-79188121934 (D.Z.)
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Liu YL, Tang JR, Li Y, Zhou HK. First Report of Bipolaris oryzae Causing Leaf Spot on Cultivated Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon) in China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:1857. [PMID: 33434039 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-20-2529-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) has been widely studied and cultivated in China in recent years due to its antioxidant activities and health-promoting effects. In December 2018, leaf spot disease on wild rice (O. rufipogon cv. Haihong-12) was observed in Zhanjiang (20.93 N, 109.79 E), China. The early symptom was small purple-brown lesions on the leaves. Then, the once-localized lesions coalesced into a larger lesion with a tan to brown necrotic center surrounded by a chlorotic halo. The diseased leaves eventually died. Disease incidence was higher than 30%. Twenty diseased leaves were collected from the fields. The margin of diseased tissues was cut into 2 × 2 mm2 pieces, surface-disinfected with 75% ethanol for 30 s and 2% sodium hypochlorite for 60 s, and then rinsed three times with sterile water before isolation. The tissues were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and incubated at 28 °C in the dark for 4 days. Pure cultures were produced by transferring hyphal tips to new PDA plates. Fifteen isolates were obtained. Two isolates (OrL-1 and OrL-2) were subjected to further morphological and molecular studies. The colonies of OrL-1 and OrL-1 on PDA were initially light gray, but it became dark gray with age. Conidiophores were single, straight to flexuous, multiseptate, and brown. Conidia were oblong, slightly curved, and light brown with four to nine septa, and measured 35.2-120.3 µm × 10.3-22.5 µm (n = 30). The morphological characteristics of OrL-1 and OrL-2 were consistent with the description on Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker (Manamgoda et al. 2014). The ITS region, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and translation elongation factor (EF-1α) were amplified using primers ITS1/ITS4, GDF1gpp1/GDR1 gdp2 (Berbee et al. 1999), and EF-1α-F/EF-1α-R EF-1/EF-2 (O'Donnell 2000), respectively. Amplicons of OrL-1 and OrL-2 were sequenced and submitted to GenBank (accession nos. MN880261 and MN880262, MT027091 and MT027092, and MT027093 and MT027094). The sequences of the two isolates were 99.83%-100% identical to that of B. oryzae (accession nos. MF490854,MF490831,MF490810) in accordance with BLAST analysis. A phylogenetic tree was generated on the basis of concatenated data from the sequences of ITS, GAPDH, and EF-1α via Maximum Likelihood method, which clustered OrL-1 and OrL-2 with B. oryzae. The two isolates were determined as B. oryzae by combining morphological and molecular characteristics. Pathogenicity test was performed on OrL-1 in a greenhouse at 24 °C to 30 °C with 80% relative humidity. Rice (cv. Haihong-12) with 3 leaves was grown in 10 pots, with approximately 50 plants per pot. Five pots were inoculated by spraying a spore suspension (105 spores/mL) onto leaves until runoff occurred, and five pots were sprayed with sterile water and used as controls. The test was conducted three times. Disease symptoms were observed on leaves after 10 days, but the controls remained healthy. The morphological characteristics and ITS sequences of the fungal isolates re-isolated from the diseased leaves were identical to those of B. oryzae. B. oryzae has been confirmed to cause leaf spot on Oryza sativa (Barnwal et al. 2013), but as an endophyte has been reported in O. rufipogon (Wang et al. 2015).. Thus, this study is the first report of B. oryzae causing leaf spot in O. rufipogon in China. This disease has become a risk for cultivated wild rice with the expansion of cultivation areas. Thus, vigilance is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lian Liu
- Guangdong Ocean University, 74780, Mazhang District Huguangyan East Road 1, Zhanjiang, China, 524088;
| | - Jian Rong Tang
- Guangdong Ocean University, 74780, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China;
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Ocean University, 74780, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China;
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Zhang X, Xu Z, Ma J, Zhou D, Xu J. Phylogenetic Diversity, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Culturable Endophytic Fungi Associated with Mangrove Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:479-489. [PMID: 33386937 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A total of 96 isolates were obtained from 375 segments, isolated from the healthy roots, stems, leaves, hypocotyls and flowers of Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir. collected at the Dong Zhai Gang Mangrove Garden on Hainan Island, and 20 independent representative isolates were identified using a combination of morphological and molecular approaches. The most frequent endophytic fungal species isolated were Diaporthe phaseolorum (relative frequency = 31.2%). The Shannon-Wiener diversity and Simpson's diversity index both showed that stems possessed the highest diversity compared to the other tissues estimated. Ethyl acetate extracts and the isolated metabolites were tested for antimicrobial activity using the serial dilution technique and for antioxidant activity using 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging capacity assays, respectively. The fungal isolate HL18 (Gelasinospora endodonta) cultured on Czapek's agar (CA) displayed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities and was significantly active against Escherichia coli (MIC = 0.0625 mg ml-1). Antioxidant assays showed that most of the fungal isolates (60.0%) exhibited some degree of antioxidant capacity (%RSA > 50%). The stain HL14 (Pestalotiopsis mangiferae) grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) exhibited the highest DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging capability with IC50 values of 0.717 ± 0.012 mg ml-1 and 0.787 ± 0.027 mg ml-1, respectively. Furthermore, five known secondary metabolites 1-5 were isolated and identified from HL-14. Compounds 1 and 5 exhibited weak antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.,School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiankun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China. .,School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Fan S, Miao L, Li H, Lin A, Song F, Zhang P. Illumina-based analysis yields new insights into the diversity and composition of endophytic fungi in cultivated Huperzia serrata. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242258. [PMID: 33211760 PMCID: PMC7676737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi play an important role in plant growth. The composition and structure of endophytes vary in different plant tissues, which are specific habitats for endophyte colonization. To analyze the diversity and structural composition of endophytic fungi from toothed clubmoss (Huperzia serrata) that was artificially cultivated for 3 years, we investigated endophytic fungi from the roots, stems and leaves using comparative sequence analysis of the ITS2 region of the fungal rRNA genes sequenced with high-throughput sequencing technology. Seven fungal phyla were identified, and fungal diversity and structure varied across different tissues, with the most distinctive community features found in the roots. A total of 555 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected, and 198 were common to all samples, and 43, 16, 16 OTUs were unique to the root, stem, leaf samples, respectively. Taxonomic classification showed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were dominant phyla, and Cladosporium, Oidiodendron, Phyllosticta, Sebacina and Ilyonectria were dominant genera. The relative abundance heat map at the genus level suggested that H. serrata had characteristic endophytic fungal microbiomes. Line discriminant analysis effect size analysis and principal coordinate analysis demonstrated that fungal communities were tissue-type and tissue-site specific. Overall, our study provides new insights into the complex composition of endophytic fungi in H. serrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Fan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, Center for the Conservation and Utilization of Medicinal Plant Resources, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyun Miao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Haodong Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, Center for the Conservation and Utilization of Medicinal Plant Resources, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Aihua Lin
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, Center for the Conservation and Utilization of Medicinal Plant Resources, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Fajun Song
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, Center for the Conservation and Utilization of Medicinal Plant Resources, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, Center for the Conservation and Utilization of Medicinal Plant Resources, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Zhang Q, Gao B, Xiao Y, Yang H, Wang Y, Du L, Zhu D. Purification and characterization of a novel β-glucuronidase precisely converts glycyrrhizin to glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-β-D-glucuronide from plant endophytic Chaetomium globosum DX-THS3. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:782-792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Du W, Yao Z, Li J, Sun C, Xia J, Wang B, Shi D, Ren L. Diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Securinega suffruticosa in the Yellow River Delta. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229589. [PMID: 32155163 PMCID: PMC7064225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehd is an excellent natural secondary shrub in the Shell Islands of Yellow River Delta. The roots of S. suffruticosa have high medicinal value and are used to treat diseases, such as neurasthenia and infant malnutrition. Any organism that is isolated from this species is of immense interest due to its potential novel bioactive compounds. In this research, the distribution and diversity of culturable endophytic fungi in S. suffruticosa were studied, and the endophytic fungi with antimicrobial activity were screened. A total of 420 endophytic fungi isolates were obtained from the S. suffruticosa grown in Shell Islands, from which 20 genera and 35 species were identified through morphological and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analyses. Chaetomium, Fusarium, Cladosporium, and Ceratobasidium were the dominant genera. The high species richness S (42), Margalef index D' (5.6289), Shannon-Wiener index H' (3.1000), Simpson diversity index Ds (0.9459), PIE index (0.8670), and evenness Pielou index J (0.8719) and a low dominant index λ (0.0541) indicated the high diversity of endophytic fungi in S. suffruticosa, the various species of endophytic fungi with obvious tissue specificity. The inhibition percentages of the 12 species of such endophytic fungi against Colletotrichum siamense were 3.6%-26.3%. C. globosum, Fusarium sp.3, and C. ramotenellum had a high antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were between 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL. Alkaloid content detection indicated that endophytic fungi had a high alkaloid content, whereas the alkaloid contents of C. globosum and Fusarium sp.3 reached 0.231% and 0.170%, respectively. Members belonging to the endophytic fungal community in the S. suffruticosa of Shell Islands that may be used as antagonists and antibacterial agents for future biotechnology applications were identified for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Du
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Wild Plant Resources Development and Application of Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fragile Ecological Belt of Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- * E-mail: (WD); (CS)
| | - Zhigang Yao
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Wild Plant Resources Development and Application of Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Li
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Chunlong Sun
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Wild Plant Resources Development and Application of Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fragile Ecological Belt of Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- * E-mail: (WD); (CS)
| | - Jiangbao Xia
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Baogui Wang
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Dongli Shi
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Lili Ren
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
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14
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Du L, Gao B, Liang J, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Zhu D. Microparticle-enhanced Chaetomium globosum DX-THS3 β-d-glucuronidase production by controlled fungal morphology in submerged fermentation. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:100. [PMID: 32099741 PMCID: PMC7005231 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid monoglucuronide (GAMG) is a novel and low-calorie sweetener that is widely applied in the food industry. This study aimed to enhance the production of fungal β-d-glucuronidase (GUS) via a novel fermentation technique by evaluating the effects of the various microparticles on Chaetomium globosum DX-THS3 GUS production. Results showed that the silica microparticle greatly affected the morphology of DX-THS3 strain relative to the other microparticles. Microbial structure imaging results showed that the smallest average diameter of fungal pellets was achieved (0.7 ± 0.1 mm) by adding 10 g/L (600 mesh) of silica. The diameter of the control was 3.0 ± 0.5 mm in shake flask fermentation. The GUS activity and biomass of DX-THS3 reached 680 U/mL and 4.2 g/L, respectively, with the use of 10 g/L of silica microparticles, whereas those of the control were 210 U/mL and 2.8 g/L via shake flask fermentation. The findings in this study may provide a potential strategy for designing the morphology of filamentous fungi using microparticles in the industrial production of GAMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqing Du
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Boliang Gao
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - JinFeng Liang
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Yiwen Xiao
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Du Zhu
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 China
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15
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Yang G, Li P, Meng L, Xv K, Dong F, Qiu Y, He L, Lin L. Diversity and communities of culturable endophytic fungi from different tree peonies (geoherbs and non-geoherbs), and their biosynthetic potential analysis. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49 Suppl 1:47-58. [PMID: 30166266 PMCID: PMC6328841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To know more about the potential roles of endophytic fungi in the formation mechanism of Daodi medicinal material, diversity and communities of culturable endophytic fungi in three types of tree peonies were investigated. Endophytic fungi of three types of tree peonies were isolated and identified. The diversity was analyzed. Bayesian trees constructed by MrBayes 3.2.6 after phylogenetic analysis of the ITS sequences. The endophytic fungi potential for synthesis of natural products was assessed by means of detecting NRPS and PKS gene sequences. In total, 364 endophytic fungi isolates representing 26 genera were recovered from Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan’, Paeonia ostii ‘Luoyang Feng Dan’, and Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’. More culturable endophytic fungi appeared in P. suffruticosa ‘Luoyang Hong’ (206) compared with P. ostii ‘Feng Dan’ (60) and P. ostii ‘Luoyang Feng Dan’ (98). The fungal community of P. ostii ‘Feng Dan’ had the highest richness and diversity. PKSs and NRPS detection rates of endophytic fungi from P. ostii ‘Feng Dan’ are both the highest among the three types of tree peonies. Results indicate that endophytic fungus is an important factor of Daodi Cortex Moutan forming, and endophytic fungi in peony are related to genuineness of Cortex Moutan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Yang
- Henan University of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Li
- Henan University of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifen Meng
- Henan University of Science and Technology, College of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyi Xv
- Luoyang No.1 Senior High School, Class Nine, Grade Three, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Faming Dong
- Henan University of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Henan University of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei He
- Henan University of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lin
- Henan University of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
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16
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Mishra VK, Passari AK, Chandra P, Leo VV, Kumar B, Uthandi S, Thankappan S, Gupta VK, Singh BP. Determination and production of antimicrobial compounds by Aspergillus clavatonanicus strain MJ31, an endophytic fungus from Mirabilis jalapa L. using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and TD-GC-MS analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186234. [PMID: 29049321 PMCID: PMC5648158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants are reported as potent
producers of diverse classes of secondary metabolites. In the present study, an
endophytic fungi, Aspergillus clavatonanicus strain MJ31,
exhibiting significant antimicrobial activity was isolated from roots of
Mirabilis jalapa L., was identified by sequencing three
nuclear genes i.e. internal transcribed spacers ribosomal RNA (ITS rRNA), 28S
ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA) and translation elongation factor 1- alpha (EF 1α).
Ethyl acetate extract of strain MJ31displayed significant antimicrobial
potential against Bacillus subtilis, followed by
Micrococccus luteus and Staphylococcus
aureus with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.078, 0.156
and 0.312 mg/ml respectively. In addition, the strain was evaluated for its
ability to synthesize bioactive compounds by the amplification of polyketide
synthase (PKS) and non ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes. Further, seven
antibiotics (miconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, ampicillin, streptomycin,
chloramphenicol, and rifampicin) were detected and quantified using
UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Additionally, thermal desorption-gas chromatography mass
spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) analysis of strain MJ31 showed the presence of 28
volatile compounds. This is the first report on A.
clavatonanicus as an endophyte obtained from
M. jalapa. We conclude that
A. clavatonanicus strain MJ31 has prolific
antimicrobial potential against both plant and human pathogens and can be
exploited for the discovery of new antimicrobial compounds and could be an
alternate source for the production of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar Mishra
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of
Biotechnology, Aizawl, Mizoram University, Mizoram, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Passari
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of
Biotechnology, Aizawl, Mizoram University, Mizoram, India
| | - Preeti Chandra
- SAIF, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow,
India
| | - Vincent Vineeth Leo
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of
Biotechnology, Aizawl, Mizoram University, Mizoram, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- SAIF, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow,
India
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Biocatalysts Lab, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sugitha Thankappan
- Biocatalysts Lab, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn
University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
- Molecular Glyco-biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, National
University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bhim Pratap Singh
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of
Biotechnology, Aizawl, Mizoram University, Mizoram, India
- * E-mail:
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Zhou P, Wu Z, Tan D, Yang J, Zhou Q, Zeng F, Zhang M, Bie Q, Chen C, Xue Y, Luo Z, Wang J, Zhu H, Zhang Y. Atrichodermones A-C, three new secondary metabolites from the solid culture of an endophytic fungal strain, Trichoderma atroviride. Fitoterapia 2017; 123:18-22. [PMID: 28947170 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An endophytic fungal strain named Trichoderma atroviride was isolated from the bulb of Lycoris radiata. Following cultivation on rice medium, a novel 3-amino-5-hydroxy-5-vinyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one dimer, atrichodermone A (1), a new cyclopentenone derivative, atrichodermone B (2), and a new sesquiterpene, atrichodermone C (3), together with three known cyclopentenone derivatives (4-6) were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic (UV, IR, ECD, HRESIMS, and NMR) data analyses, and absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined by comparing their experimental ECD spectra with structurally similar compounds and computational analyses of their electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HL60 and U937 cell lines, as well as anti-inflammatory effect against the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaodi Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Tan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Bie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbo Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengwei Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Mishra VK, Passari AK, Leo VV, Singh BP. Molecular Diversity and Detection of Endophytic Fungi Based on Their Antimicrobial Biosynthetic Genes. Fungal Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-34106-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Al-Amoudi S, Essack M, Simões MF, Bougouffa S, Soloviev I, Archer JAC, Lafi FF, Bajic VB. Bioprospecting Red Sea Coastal Ecosystems for Culturable Microorganisms and Their Antimicrobial Potential. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14090165. [PMID: 27626430 PMCID: PMC5039536 DOI: 10.3390/md14090165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms that inhabit unchartered unique soil such as in the highly saline and hot Red Sea lagoons on the Saudi Arabian coastline, represent untapped sources of potentially new bioactive compounds. In this study, a culture-dependent approach was applied to three types of sediments: mangrove mud (MN), microbial mat (MM), and barren soil (BS), collected from Rabigh harbor lagoon (RHL) and Al-Kharrar lagoon (AKL). The isolated bacteria were evaluated for their potential to produce bioactive compounds. The phylogenetic characterization of 251 bacterial isolates based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing, supported their assignment to five different phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Planctomycetes. Fifteen putative novel species were identified based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other strain sequences in the NCBI database, being ≤98%. We demonstrate that 49 of the 251 isolates exhibit the potential to produce antimicrobial compounds. Additionally, at least one type of biosynthetic gene sequence, responsible for the synthesis of secondary metabolites, was recovered from 25 of the 49 isolates. Moreover, 10 of the isolates had a growth inhibition effect towards Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas syringae. We report the previously unknown antimicrobial activity of B. borstelensis, P. dendritiformis and M. salipaludis against all three indicator pathogens. Our study demonstrates the evidence of diverse cultured microbes associated with the Red Sea harbor/lagoon environments and their potential to produce antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha Al-Amoudi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Magbubah Essack
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Marta F Simões
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- Biology Department, Edge Hill University, St. Helens Road, Lancashire, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK.
| | - Salim Bougouffa
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Irina Soloviev
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - John A C Archer
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Feras F Lafi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Vladimir B Bajic
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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