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Theophilopoulos J, King R, Citta A, Alford C, Dotson N, Cañete-Gibas C, Sanders C, Wiederhold N, Ligon JA, Trieu C. Cutaneous Lagenidium deciduum infection in a patient with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:515. [PMID: 38778275 PMCID: PMC11112786 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lagenidium deciduum is an oomycete that can cause infections in mammals that present similarly to pythiosis and mucormycosis. Most of the existing case reports have occurred in canines and have been fatal. In animals, medical therapy has not been successful, so surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. Lagenidium sp. infections in humans are rare. There is only one case of a human Lagenidium sp. infection in the literature, and it presented as an ocular infection. The human ocular infection was resistant to medical therapy and required a penetrating keratoplasty for cure. Additional reports of effective therapy are needed to guide management of this emerging pathogen. We present the first case of a cutaneous Lagenidium deciduum infection in a human patient, which is also the first documented case of a Lagenidium deciduum infection in an immunocompromised host of any species. CASE PRESENTATION An 18-year-old female with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia, awaiting a haploidentical stem cell transplant, presented with erythematous cutaneous lesions on her left hip and bilateral buttocks that enlarged and blackened over several days. About 1 week later, boil-like lesions appeared on her bilateral buttocks. The skin lesions were initially presumed to be bacterial in origin, so the patient was treated with clindamycin and cefepime with little improvement. Upon further investigation, fungal cultures and skin biopsies revealed aseptate hyphae, so the patient was switched to isavuconazole and amphotericin B due to concern for mucormycosis. Phenotypic characterization and DNA sequencing were performed by the Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, which identified the causal fungal organism as Lagenidium deciduum. All of her cutaneous lesions were surgically excised, and the patient was treated with micafungin, terbinafine, doxycycline, and azithromycin. Micafungin and terbinafine were continued until she achieved engraftment post-transplant. CONCLUSIONS We report the first successful treatment of a human Lagenidium infection in an immunocompromised host through a combination of aggressive surgical excision and prolonged antifungal therapy during the prolonged neutropenia associated with allogeneic stem cell transplant. Prompt diagnosis and management may prevent disseminated oomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebekah King
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Autumn Citta
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Constance Alford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Natalie Dotson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Connie Cañete-Gibas
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carmita Sanders
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nathan Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John A Ligon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Connie Trieu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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2
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Loreto ES, Tondolo JSM, Zanette RA. Treating Pythiosis with Antibacterial Drugs Targeting Protein Synthesis: An Overview. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:234. [PMID: 38667905 PMCID: PMC11051233 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article explores the effectiveness of antibacterial drugs that inhibit protein synthesis in treating pythiosis, a difficult-to-treat infection caused by Pythium insidiosum. The article highlights the susceptibility of P. insidiosum to antibacterial drugs, such as macrolides, oxazolidinones, and tetracyclines. We examine various studies, including in vitro tests, experimental infection models, and clinical case reports. Based on our synthesis of these findings, we highlight the potential of these drugs in managing pythiosis, primarily when combined with surgical interventions. The review emphasizes the need for personalized treatment strategies and further research to establish standardized testing protocols and optimize therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erico S. Loreto
- Sobresp Faculty of Health Sciences, 520 Appel Street, Santa Maria 97015-030, RS, Brazil;
| | - Juliana S. M. Tondolo
- Sobresp Faculty of Health Sciences, 520 Appel Street, Santa Maria 97015-030, RS, Brazil;
| | - Régis A. Zanette
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2600 Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil;
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3
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Jeon BS, Park MG. Morphology, phylogeny, and host range of the novel early-diverging oomycete Sirolpidium dinoletiferum sp. nov. parasitizing marine dinoflagellates. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 132:102567. [PMID: 38331547 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Oomycetes are fungus-like heterotrophic organisms with a broad environmental distribution, including marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats. They function as saprotrophs that use the remains of other organisms or as parasites of a variety of eukaryotes, including protists, diatoms, dinoflagellates, macroalgae, plants, fungi, animals, and even other oomycetes. Among the protist hosts, the taxonomy, morphology, and phylogenetic positions of the oomycete parasitoids of diatoms have been well studied; however, this information concerning the oomycete parasitoids of dinoflagellates is poorly understood. During intensive sampling along the east and west coasts of Korea in May and October 2019, a new species of oomycetes was discovered and two strains of the new parasitoid were successfully established in cultures. The new oomycete parasitoid penetrated the dinoflagellate host cell and developed to form a sporangium, which was very similar to the perkinsozoan parasitoids that infect marine dinoflagellates. The most distinctive morphological feature of the new parasitoid was a central large vacuole forming several long discharge tubes. The molecular phylogenetic tree inferred based on the small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) revealed that the new parasitoid forms a distinct branch unrelated to other described species belonging to early-diverging oomycetes. It clustered with species belonging to the genus Sirolpidium with strong support values in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (cox2) tree. Cross-infection experiments showed that infections by the new parasitoid occurred in only six genera belonging to dinoflagellates among the protists tested in this study. Based on the morphological and molecular data obtained in this study, we propose to introduce a new species, Sirolpidium dinoletiferum sp. nov., for this novel parasitoid, conservatively within the genus Sirolpidium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boo Seong Jeon
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Myung Gil Park
- LOHABE, Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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4
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Bowman J, Gull T, Ulmanis EG, Ogunbadewa AJ, Shen Z, Johnson GJ, Odemuyiwa SO. Metagenomic identification of a novel oomycete cultured from a pyogranulomatous mass on the tail of a domestic cat. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:507-513. [PMID: 37317863 PMCID: PMC10467462 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231180310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here a transiently culturable oomycete pathogen isolated from a pyogranulomatous tail mass in a cat. The organism was morphologically and genetically distinct from Lagenidium and Pythium species. Following next-generation sequencing (NGS) and assembly of contigs, initial phylogenetic analysis using fragments of the cox1 mitochondrial gene identified this specimen as Paralagenidium sp. after nucleotide alignments with sequences obtained from the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). However, further analysis of a concatenation of 13 different mitochondrial genes showed that this organism is unique and different from all known oomycetes. A negative PCR result using primers targeting known oomycete pathogens may not be enough to rule out oomycosis in a suspected case. Additionally, the use of a single gene to classify oomycetes may produce misleading results. The advent of metagenomic sequencing and NGS provides a unique opportunity to further explore the diversity of oomycetes as plant and animal pathogens beyond the current capabilities of global barcoding projects that are based on partial genomic sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Bowman
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Tamara Gull
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Anthony J. Ogunbadewa
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zhenyu Shen
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Gayle J. Johnson
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Solomon O. Odemuyiwa
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
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5
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Tsai I, Thines M. Adding a missing piece to the puzzle of oomycete phylogeny: the placement of Rhipidium interruptum ( Rhipidiaceae). Fungal Syst Evol 2023; 11:95-108. [PMID: 38562587 PMCID: PMC10983831 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2023.11.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Oomycetes are a group of fungus-like organisms, which phylogenetically comprise early diverging lineages that are mostly holocarpic, and two crown classes, the Peronosporomycetes and Saprolegniomycetes, including many well-investigated pathogens of plants and animals. However, there is a poorly studied group, the Rhipidiales, which placement amongst the crown oomycetes is ambiguous. It accommodates several taxa with a sophisticated vegetative and reproductive cycle, as well as structural organisation, that is arguably the most complex in the oomycete lineage. Despite the remarkable morphological complexity and their notable perseverance in the face of faster-growing saprotrophic oomycetes and fungi, the knowledge on Rhipidiales is limited to date, as the most complex members are not easily cultured, even by targeted approaches. This also leads to inadequate sequence data for the order, which was sourced from only the two least complex out of seven introduced genera, i.e. Sapromyces and Salispina. In the present study, ex-situ baiting was done using various fruit substrates, and naturally-shed twigs or fruits acquired from water bodies were examined. As a result of these efforts, the species Rhipidium interruptum was obtained and gross cultivation was accomplished using poplar (Populus nigra) twigs as substrate, which allowed further documentation of both asexual and sexual reproduction. This enabled phylogenetic and detailed morphological study, as well as an epitypification of the species. Phylogenetic analyses based on cox2 and nrLSU sequences revealed Rhipidium as the sister genus of Sapromyces. The morphological studies done support a conspecificity of R. interruptum and R. continuum, which might in turn be conspecific with R. americanum. Though several further studies will be required to fit the scattered missing pieces of knowledge on Rhipidiales together revealing a more complete picture of oomycete evolution, we hope that the current study can serve as a cornerstone for future investigations in the group. Citation: Tsai I, Thines M (2023). Adding a missing piece to the puzzle of oomycete phylogeny: the placement of Rhipidium interruptum (Rhipidiaceae). Fungal Systematics and Evolution 11: 95-108. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2023.11.08.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Tsai
- Evolutionary Analyses and Biological Archives, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M. Thines
- Evolutionary Analyses and Biological Archives, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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6
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Lagena—an overlooked oomycete genus with a wide range of hosts. Mycol Prog 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-022-01818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLagena has so far only been known from the scarcely reported but widespread species Lagena radicicola, which is a parasite of root epidermal cells. While it was mostly reported from a wide range of cereals and other grasses, it has been shown to affect some dicot species under, e.g. tobacco and sugar beet. Due to the wide host spectrum under laboratory conditions, there were no attempts to subdivide the genus into several species, even though some morphological differentiation was reported and the species had been found in several continents. During a survey of diatoms, we came across some parasitoids that would have previously been assumed to be members of the genus Lagenidium. The species exhibited rather narrow host specificity in nature. One species was brought into dual culture with host diatoms of the genus Ulnaria, but could not be transferred to other host genera. Surprisingly, phylogenetic analyses revealed that Lagena radicicola was in a sister clade to that formed by the diatom parasitoids, suggesting a versatile pathogenicity of the genus. Interestingly, several phylogenetic lineages only known from environmental sequencing were clustered with the species found in this study, hinting an undiscovered diversity in the genus Lagena.
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7
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Nguyen HDT, Dodge A, Dadej K, Rintoul TL, Ponomareva E, Martin FN, de Cock AWAM, Lévesque CA, Redhead SA, Spies CFJ. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenomic analysis show support for the splitting of genus Pythium. Mycologia 2022; 114:501-515. [PMID: 35522547 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2045116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The genus Pythium (nom. cons.) sensu lato (s.l.) is composed of many important species of plant pathogens. Early molecular phylogenetic studies suggested paraphyly of Pythium, which led to a formal proposal by Uzuhashi and colleagues in 2010 to split the genus into Pythium sensu stricto (s.s.), Elongisporangium, Globisporangium, Ovatisporangium (= Phytopythium), and Pilasporangium using morphological characters and phylogenies of the mt cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (cox2) and D1-D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA. Although the split was fairly justified by the delineating morphological characters, there were weaknesses in the molecular analyses, which created reluctance in the scientific community to adopt these new genera for the description of new species. In this study, this issue was addressed using phylogenomics. Whole genomes of 109 strains of Pythium and close relatives were sequenced, assembled, and annotated. These data were combined with 10 genomes sequenced in previous studies. Phylogenomic analyses were performed with 148 single-copy genes represented in at least 90% of the taxa in the data set. The results showed support for the division of Pythium s.l. The status of alternative generic names that have been used for species of Pythium in the past (e.g., Artotrogus, Cystosiphon, Eupythium, Nematosporangium, Rheosporangium, Sphaerosporangium) was investigated. Based on our molecular analyses and review of the Pythium generic concepts, we urge the scientific community to adopt the generic names Pythium, Elongisporangium, Globisporangium, and their concepts as proposed by Uzuhashi and colleagues in 2010 in their work going forward. In order to consolidate the taxonomy of these genera, some of the recently described Pythium spp. are transferred to Elongisporangium and Globisporangium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai D T Nguyen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Annette Dodge
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Kasia Dadej
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Tara L Rintoul
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Ekaterina Ponomareva
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Frank N Martin
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Salinas, California 93905, USA
| | - Arthur W A M de Cock
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C André Lévesque
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Scott A Redhead
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Christoffel F J Spies
- Plant Microbiology, Agricultural Research Council - Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
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8
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Grover M, Fasseas MK, Essmann C, Liu K, Braendle C, Félix MA, Glockling SL, Barkoulas M. Infection of C. elegans by Haptoglossa Species Reveals Shared Features in the Host Response to Oomycete Detection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:733094. [PMID: 34722333 PMCID: PMC8552708 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.733094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oomycetes are a group of eukaryotic organisms that includes many important pathogens of animals and plants. Within this group, the Haptoglossa genus is characterised by the presence of specialised gun cells carrying a harpoon-like infection apparatus. While several Haptoglossa pathogens have been morphologically described, there are currently no host systems developed to study the infection process or host responses in the lab. In this study, we report that Haptoglossa species are potent natural pathogens of Caenorhabditis nematodes. Using electron microscopy, we characterise the infection process in C. elegans and demonstrate that the oomycete causes excessive tissue degradation upon entry in the body cavity, whilst leaving the host cuticle intact. We also report that the host transcriptional response to Haptoglossa infection shares similarities with the response against the oomycete Myzocytiopsis humicola, a key example of which is the induction of chitinase-like (chil) genes in the hypodermis. We demonstrate that this shared feature of the host response can be mounted by pathogen detection without any infection, as previously shown for M. humicola. These results highlight similarities in the nematode immune response to natural infection by phylogenetically distinct oomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Grover
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael K Fasseas
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Essmann
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marie-Anne Félix
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, Paris, France
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9
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Kaczmarek A, Boguś MI. Fungi of entomopathogenic potential in Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota, and in fungal allies of the Oomycota and Microsporidia. IMA Fungus 2021; 12:29. [PMID: 34635188 PMCID: PMC8504053 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-021-00074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between entomopathogenic fungi and their insect hosts is a classic example of the co-evolutionary arms race between pathogen and target host. The present review describes the entomopathogenic potential of Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota fungi, and two groups of fungal allies: Oomycota and Microsporidia. The Oomycota (water moulds) are considered as a model biological control agent of mosquito larvae. Due to their shared ecological and morphological similarities, they had long been considered a part of the fungal kingdom; however, phylogenetic studies have since placed this group within the Straminipila. The Microsporidia are parasites of economically-important insects, including grasshoppers, lady beetles, bumblebees, colorado potato beetles and honeybees. They have been found to display some fungal characteristics, and phylogenetic studies suggest that they are related to fungi, either as a basal branch or sister group. The Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota, named the lower fungi, historically were described together; however, molecular phylogenetic and ultrastructural research has classified them in their own phylum. They are considered parasites of ants, and of the larval stages of black flies, mosquitoes and scale insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kaczmarek
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mieczysława I Boguś
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
- Biomibo, Strzygłowska 15, 04-872, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Grover M, Barkoulas M. C. elegans as a new tractable host to study infections by animal pathogenic oomycetes. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009316. [PMID: 33662043 PMCID: PMC7932123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Grover
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michalis Barkoulas
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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11
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White AG, Smart K, Hathcock T, Tillson DM, Poudel A, Rynders P, Wang C. Successful management of cutaneous paralagenidiosis in a dog treated with mefenoxam, minocycline, prednisone, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Med Mycol Case Rep 2020; 29:38-42. [PMID: 32775178 PMCID: PMC7398966 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous oomycotic infections are a rare dermatological disease primarily affecting horses and dogs. Response to medical management with antifungal therapies is poor because these organisms are not true fungi. Complete cure is unlikely if the infected tissue is unable to be completely surgically excised. This is a case report of successfully-managed cutaneous paralagenidiosis infection of the perianal tissue in an 11-month-old male intact Labrador retriever utilizing hyperbaric oxygen therapy, corticosteroids, minocycline, mefenoxam, and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia G White
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 1220 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Kimberly Smart
- BluePearl Vet Hospital, 13160 Magisterial Drive, Louisville, KY, 40223, USA
| | - Terri Hathcock
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, 264 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - D Michael Tillson
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 1220 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Anil Poudel
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, 264 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Patricia Rynders
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of the University Veterinarian, 311 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Chengming Wang
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, 264 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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12
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Shmalberg J, Moyle PS, Craft WF, Walton SA. Severe meningoencephalitis secondary to calvarial invasion of Lagenidium giganteum forma caninum in a dog. Open Vet J 2020; 10:31-38. [PMID: 32426254 PMCID: PMC7193878 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v10i1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The oomycete Lagenidiumgiganteum forma caninum is an uncommon cause of severe dermal and subcutaneous infections in dogs with possible vascular invasion and other fatal sequelae. Infection within the central nervous system of affected dogs has not been previously reported. Case Description: A 6-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog was evaluated at a referral institution with a 2-month history of suspected fungal infection in the region of the right mandibular lymph node that was refractory to surgical resection and empiric medical therapy. Physical examination identified a 6-cm fluctuant subcutaneous mass caudoventral to the ramus of the right mandible and a second firm mass in the region of the right caudal maxilla. Lesional punch biopsies were submitted for fungal culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which subsequently identified L. giganteum forma caninum infection. Initial treatment consisted of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Four weeks following initial evaluation, the patient was presented with progressive neurological signs consistent with a forebrain lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed soft-tissue, contrast-enhancing lesions ventral to the calvarium adjacent to the site of original surgical resection and throughout the brain. Humane euthanasia was elected, and postmortem examination was consistent with the extension of local disease from the right masseter muscle into the right ventral calvarium. Postmortem DNA sequencing confirmed the identity of the organism as L. giganteum forma caninum. Conclusion: This is the first reported case of intracranial lagenidiosis in the dog. PCR distinguished this species from other Lagenidium species and from oomycetes of other genera, such as Pythiuminsidiosum and Paralagenidium karlingii. Regional extension of cutaneous lagenidiosis should therefore be considered in cases with concurrent or spontaneous neurologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Shmalberg
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - Patrick S Moyle
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - William F Craft
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
| | - Stuart A Walton
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA
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13
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Abstract
The oomycetes are a class of ubiquitous, filamentous microorganisms that include some of the biggest threats to global food security and natural ecosystems. Within the oomycete class are highly diverse species that infect a broad range of animals and plants. Some of the most destructive plant pathogens are oomycetes, such as Phytophthora infestans, the agent of potato late blight and the cause of the Irish famine. Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of sequenced oomycete genomes. Here we review the latest developments in oomycete genomics and some of the important insights that have been gained. Coupled with proteomic and transcriptomic analyses, oomycete genome sequences have revealed tremendous insights into oomycete biology, evolution, genome organization, mechanisms of infection, and metabolism. We also present an updated phylogeny of the oomycete class using a phylogenomic approach based on the 65 oomycete genomes that are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie McGowan
- Genome Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - David A Fitzpatrick
- Genome Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland.
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14
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Buaya AT, Thines M. Bolbea parasitica gen. et sp. nov., a cultivable holocarpic parasitoid of the early-diverging Saprolegniomycetes. Fungal Syst Evol 2020; 6:129-137. [PMID: 32904153 PMCID: PMC7451777 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2020.06.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Holocarpic oomycetes convert their entire cytoplasm into zoospores and thus do not form dedicated sporangia or hyphal compartments for asexual reproduction. The majority of holocarpic oomycetes are obligate parasites and parasitoids of a diverse suite of organisms, among them green and red algae, brown seaweeds, diatoms, fungi, oomycetes and invertebrates. Most of them are found among the early diverging oomycetes or the Peronosporomycetes, and some in the early-diverging Saprolegniomycetes (Leptomitales). The obligate parasitism renders it difficult to study some of these organisms. Only a few members of the genus Haliphthoross. l. have been cultured without their hosts, and of the parasitoid Leptomitales, some transient cultures have been established, which are difficult to maintain. Here, the cultivation of a new holocarpic oomycete genus of the Leptomitales, Bolbea, is presented. Bolbea is parasitic to ostracods, is readily cultivable on malt extract agar, and upon contact with water converts its cytoplasm into zoospores. Its morphology and phylogenetic relationships are reported. Due to the ease of cultivation and the ready triggering of zoospore development, similar to some lagenidiaceous oomycetes, the species could be a promising model to study sporulation processes in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Buaya
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Thines
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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15
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Leptolegnia chapmanii como alternativa biológica para el control de Aedes aegypti. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 39:798-810. [PMID: 31860189 PMCID: PMC7363348 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.4598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leptolegnia chapmanii is a facultative pathogen of many species of mosquitoes, among which species of the genus Aedes, Culex and Anopheles stand out for their medical and sanitary importance. The potential of L. chapmanii as an alternative to control lies in its virulence, pathogenicity and specificity against the larval stages of mosquitoes, and because of its harmlessness to non-target species such as fish and amphibians, among others. The natural presence of L. chapmanii had been reported in Argentina, Brazil and the United States. Its presence is possible in other countries throughout the American continent. The development of protocols to produce, formulate, store and apply products based on this microorganism is one of the objectives proposed for the group of Entomopathogenic Fungi at the Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. The efficacy of L. chapmanii as controller is affected by external factors such as temperature, pH, salinity and radiation among others. The process of transfer from the research centers to industry implies many phases. In this way, our project with L. chapmanii is in an initial phase, where we are working on a laboratory scale in proof of concept. We hope to begin soon with the efficacy, efficiency, stability and ecotoxicological safety tests, at the laboratory, semi-field and field scale.
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16
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An unusual case of cutaneous feline pythiosis. Med Mycol Case Rep 2019; 26:57-60. [PMID: 31737473 PMCID: PMC6849338 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pythiosis is frequently reported in dogs and horses inhabiting tropical, subtropical and temperate areas of the USA, but the disease is rare in domestic cats. The clinical presentation of feline pythiosis includes subcutaneous masses without ulcerated tissue and involvement of the intestinal tract. Here in we report an eight-week-old female unvaccinated stray kitten with an unusual extensive circular ulcerated lesion on her left flank. The lesion did not respond favorably to administration of systemic antibiotics. Clinical specimens submitted for culture demonstrated submerged fungal-like flat colonies later identified as Pythium insidiosum, a finding also confirmed by histopathology, serology, and DNA sequencing and thus, treated with itraconazole. Since no improvement was observed, Pythium-immunotherapy was initiated. The cat responded to the latter approach and in less than 10 days, the lesion had contracted around the edges and was crusting off to reveal healthy granulation tissue. Twenty-three days after immunotherapy was initiated the original wound had shrunken significantly to a small scabbed area. However, the cat acutely developed tachypnea, lung and intestinal complications and due to her rapid deterioration, humane euthanasia was elected. Unfortunately, necropsy was not conducted. The clinical presentation reported here suggests large ulcerative cutaneous lesions caused by P. insidiosum can also occur in domestic cats. Despite reports of unsuccessful treatment results of feline pythiosis using Pythium-immunotherapy, this report suggests this approach might be helpful in similar feline cases.
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Leoro-Garzon P, Gonedes AJ, Olivera IE, Tartar A. Oomycete metabarcoding reveals the presence of Lagenidium spp. in phytotelmata. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7903. [PMID: 31632856 PMCID: PMC6796956 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The oomycete genus Lagenidium, which includes the mosquito biocontrol agent L. giganteum, is composed of animal pathogens, yet is phylogenetically closely related to the well characterized plant pathogens Phytophthora and Pythium spp. These phylogenetic affinities were further supported by the identification of canonical oomycete effectors in the L. giganteum transcriptome. In this study, culture-independent, metabarcoding analyses aimed at detecting L. giganteum in bromeliad phytotelmata (a proven mosquito breeding ground) microbiomes were performed. Two independent and complementary microbial detection strategies based on the amplification of cox1 DNA barcodes were used and produced globally concordant outcomes revealing that two distinct Lagenidium phylotypes are present in phytotelmata. A total of 23,869 high quality reads were generated from four phytotelmata, with 52%, and 11.5% of these reads taxonomically associated to oomycetes, and Lagenidium spp., respectively. Newly designed Lagenidium-specific cox1 primers combined with cloning/Sanger sequencing produced only Lagenidium spp. sequences, with a majority of variants clustering with L. giganteum. High throughput sequencing based on a Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) approach combined with broad range cox1 oomycete primers confirmed the presence of L. giganteum in phytotelmata, but indicated that a potentially novel Lagenidium phylotype (closely related to L. humanum) may represent one of the most prevalent oomycetes in these environments (along with Pythium spp.). Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that all detected Lagenidium phylotype cox1 sequences clustered in a strongly supported, monophyletic clade that included both L. giganteum and L. humanum. Therefore, Lagenidium spp. are present in phytotelmata microbiomes. This observation provides a basis to investigate potential relationships between Lagenidium spp. and phytotelma-forming plants, and reveals phytotelmata as sources for the identification of novel Lagenidium isolates with potential as biocontrol agents against vector mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Leoro-Garzon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America
| | - Andrew J Gonedes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America
| | - Isabel E Olivera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America
| | - Aurélien Tartar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America
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18
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Diversity and evolution of chitin synthases in oomycetes (Straminipila: Oomycota). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 139:106558. [PMID: 31288106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The oomycetes are filamentous eukaryotic microorganisms, distinct from true fungi, many of which act as crop or fish pathogens that cause devastating losses in agriculture and aquaculture. Chitin is present in all true fungi, but it occurs in only small amounts in some Saprolegniomycetes and it is absent in Peronosporomycetes. However, the growth of several oomycetes is severely impacted by competitive chitin synthase (CHS) inhibitors. Here, we shed light on the diversity, evolution and function of oomycete CHS proteins. We show by phylogenetic analysis of 93 putative CHSs from 48 highly diverse oomycetes, including the early diverging Eurychasma dicksonii, that all available oomycete genomes contain at least one putative CHS gene. All gene products contain conserved CHS motifs essential for enzymatic activity and form two Peronosporomycete-specific and six Saprolegniale-specific clades. Proteins of all clades, except one, contain an N-terminal microtubule interacting and trafficking (MIT) domain as predicted by protein domain databases or manual analysis, which is supported by homology modelling and comparison of conserved structural features from sequence logos. We identified at least three groups of CHSs conserved among all oomycete lineages and used phylogenetic reconciliation analysis to infer the dynamic evolution of CHSs in oomycetes. The evolutionary aspects of CHS diversity in modern-day oomycetes are discussed. In addition, we observed hyphal tip rupture in Phytophthora infestans upon treatment with the CHS inhibitor nikkomycin Z. Combining data on phylogeny, gene expression, and response to CHS inhibitors, we propose the association of different CHS clades with certain developmental stages.
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Zahedi A, Greay TL, Paparini A, Linge KL, Joll CA, Ryan UM. Identification of eukaryotic microorganisms with 18S rRNA next-generation sequencing in wastewater treatment plants, with a more targeted NGS approach required for Cryptosporidium detection. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 158:301-312. [PMID: 31051375 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While some microbial eukaryotes can improve effluent quality in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), eukaryotic waterborne pathogens are a threat to public health. This study aimed to identify Eukarya, particularly faecal pathogens including Cryptosporidium, in different treatment stages (influent, intermediate and effluent) from four WWTPs in Western Australia (WA). Three WWTPs that utilise stabilisation ponds and one WWTP that uses activated sludge (oxidation ditch) treatment technologies were sampled. Eukaryotic 18S rRNA (18S) was targeted in the wastewater samples (n = 26) for next-generation sequencing (NGS), and a mammalian-blocking primer was used to reduce the amplification of mammalian DNA. Overall, bioinformatics analyses revealed 49 eukaryotic phyla in WWTP samples, and three of these phyla contained human intestinal parasites, which were primarily detected in the influent. These human intestinal parasites either had a low percent sequence composition or were not detected in the intermediate and effluent stages and included the amoebozoans Endolimax sp., Entamoeba sp. and Iodamoeba sp., the human pinworm Enterobius vermicularis (Nematoda), and Blastocystis sp. subtypes (Sarcomastigophora). Six Blastocystis subtypes and four Entamoeba species were identified by eukaryotic 18S NGS, however, Cryptosporidium sp. and Giardia sp. were not detected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) also failed to detect Giardia, but Cryptosporidium-specific NGS detected Cryptosporidium in all WWTPs, and a total of nine species were identified, including five zoonotic pathogens. Although eukaryotic 18S NGS was able to identify some faecal pathogens, this study has demonstrated that more specific NGS approaches for pathogen detection are more sensitive and should be applied to future wastewater pathogen assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Zahedi
- Vector and Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Telleasha L Greay
- Vector and Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Andrea Paparini
- Vector and Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Kathryn L Linge
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Chemistry, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Australia; ChemCentre, PO Box 1250, Perth, Australia.
| | - Cynthia A Joll
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Chemistry, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Australia.
| | - Una M Ryan
- Vector and Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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20
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Vilela R, Humber RA, Taylor JW, Mendoza L. Phylogenetic and physiological traits of oomycetes originally identified as Lagenidium giganteum from fly and mosquito larvae. Mycologia 2019; 111:408-422. [PMID: 30985262 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1589316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We studied phylogenetic and taxonomic features of isolates identified as Lagenidium giganteum recovered from six different species of mosquito larvae. The isolates grew vigorously at 25 C, moderately at 30 C, and not at all at 37 C and developed submerged, white colonies with few short, hyaline, aerial hyphae. Cultures displayed phenotypic plasticity, with broad, hyaline hyphae strongly constricted at septa that developed oval, spherical, or amorphous segments. These developed into sporangia producing one or two exit tubes, from which evanescent gelatinous vesicles containing zoospores developed. Three isolates developed oogonia consistent with features previously described for L. giganteum. Phylogenetic analysis of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS = ITS) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COXII) sequences of L. giganteum consistently grouped into eight clusters. Four of the investigated isolates grouped with sequences of an unnamed Lagenidium species infecting nematodes. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic data, we describe the latter isolates as L. juracyae, sp. nov. In addition, we also investigated a species of Paralagenidium from a dog with lagenidiosis and describe it as new, Paralagenidium ajellopsis, sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vilela
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Av. Pres. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulla, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , 31270-901 Brazil.,b Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University , 354 Farm Lane, East Lansing , Michigan 48824
| | - Richard A Humber
- c Biological Integrated Pest Management Research, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture & Health , Ithaca , New York 14853
| | - John W Taylor
- d Department of Plant and Microbial Biology , University of California , 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley , California 94720
| | - Leonel Mendoza
- b Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University , 354 Farm Lane, East Lansing , Michigan 48824.,e Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics , Michigan State University , 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing , Michigan 48824
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Dehghanpir SD, Bemis DA, Kania SA, Sakaguchi K, Langohr I, Gaunt SD, Grooters AM, Pucheu-Haston CM. What is your diagnosis? Dermal nodules in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2019; 48:496-498. [PMID: 30973980 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon D Dehghanpir
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - David A Bemis
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Stephen A Kania
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Kanako Sakaguchi
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Ingeborg Langohr
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Stephen D Gaunt
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Amy M Grooters
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Cherie M Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Mendoza L, Vilela R, Humber RA. Taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis of the Oomycota mosquito larvae pathogen Crypticola clavulifera. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:847-855. [PMID: 30115318 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Beside the taxonomic features displayed by Crypticola clavulifera in culture and unpublished data on its phylogeny, little is known about the main phylogenetic features of this unusual mosquito pathogen. We have PCR amplified the 18S SSU rDNA, ITS, and the partial coding regions of COXII and COXI to study the phylogenetic features of this pathogen within the tree of life. Our phylogenetic data showed C. clavulifera clustered among homologous DNA sequences of the Oomycota class Saprolegniomycetes. Our study support previous taxonomic and unpublished molecular analysis, placing this unusual mosquito larvae pathogen as part of the earliest diverging cluster within the Saprolegniomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Mendoza
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA; Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA.
| | - Raquel Vilela
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA; Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Richard A Humber
- Biological Integrated Pest Management Research, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture & Health, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Osman GA, Fasseas MK, Koneru SL, Essmann CL, Kyrou K, Srinivasan MA, Zhang G, Sarkies P, Félix MA, Barkoulas M. Natural Infection of C. elegans by an Oomycete Reveals a New Pathogen-Specific Immune Response. Curr Biol 2018; 28:640-648.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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