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Marques M, Sierra-Garcia IN, Leitão F, Martins J, Patinha C, Pinto G, Cunha Â. Rhizosphere-xylem sap connections in the olive tree microbiome: implications for biostimulation approaches. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae152. [PMID: 38906841 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Climate change is endangering olive groves. Farmers are adapting by exploring new varieties of olive trees and examining the role of microbiomes in plant health.The main objectives of this work were to determine the primary factors that influence the microbiome of olive trees and to analyze the connection between the rhizosphere and endosphere compartments. METHODS AND RESULTS The rhizosphere and xylem sap microbiomes of two olive tree varieties were characterized by next-generation 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and soil descriptors were analyzed. Bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of olive trees were more diverse than those found in the xylem sap. Pseudomonadota, Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, and Bacillota were the dominant phyla in both compartments. At the genus level, only very few taxa were shared between soil and sap bacterial communities. CONCLUSIONS The composition of the bacteriome was more affected by the plant compartment than by the olive cultivar or soil properties, and a direct route from the rhizosphere to the endosphere could not be confirmed. The large number of plant growth-promoting bacteria found in both compartments provides promising prospects for improving agricultural outcomes through microbiome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Marques
- CESAM & Department of Biology University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - I Natalia Sierra-Garcia
- CESAM & Department of Biology University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Frederico Leitão
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal
| | - João Martins
- CESAM & Department of Biology University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
- Department of Geosciences & Geobiotec, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Carla Patinha
- Department of Geosciences & Geobiotec, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Glória Pinto
- CESAM & Department of Biology University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Ângela Cunha
- CESAM & Department of Biology University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
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2
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He C, Zhang M, Li X, He X. Seasonal dynamics of phyllosphere epiphytic microbial communities of medicinal plants in farmland environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1328586. [PMID: 38239215 PMCID: PMC10794659 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1328586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The phyllosphere of plants is inhabited by various microorganisms, which play a crucial role in plant physiological metabolism. Currently, there is limited research on the dynamic effects of species and seasons on plant phyllosphere microbial community diversity and microbial interactions. Methods In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the leaf surface parasitic microorganisms of five medicinal plants (Bupleurum chinense, Atractylodes lancea, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Astragalus membranaceus, and Lonicera japonica). Results The results showed that bacteria and fungi clustered into 3,898 and 1,572 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), respectively. Compared to host species, seasons had a more significant impact on the a diversity of bacteria and fungi. The heterogeneity of phyllosphere microbial communities was greater in winter compared to summer. Key species analysis at the OTU level and Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated significant preferences in microbial interactions under plant and seasonal backgrounds. The network connections between bacterial and fungal communities significantly increased during seasonal transitions compared to connections with plants. Discussion This study enhances our understanding of the composition and ecological roles of plant-associated microbial communities in small-scale agricultural environments. Additionally, it provides valuable insights for assessing the biodiversity of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xianen Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueli He
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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3
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Dong X, Jiang F, Duan D, Tian Z, Liu H, Zhang Y, Hou F, Nan Z, Chen T. Contrasting Effects of Grazing in Shaping the Seasonal Trajectory of Foliar Fungal Endophyte Communities on Two Semiarid Grassland Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1016. [PMID: 37888272 PMCID: PMC10608051 DOI: 10.3390/jof9101016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are harboured in the leaves of every individual plant host and contribute to plant health, leaf senescence, and early decomposition. In grasslands, fungal endophytes and their hosts often coexist with large herbivores. However, the influence of grazing by large herbivores on foliar fungal endophyte communities remains largely unexplored. We conducted a long-term (18 yr) grazing experiment to explore the effects of grazing on the community composition and diversity of the foliar fungal endophytes of two perennial grassland species (i.e., Artemisia capillaris and Stipa bungeana) across one growing season. Grazing significantly increased the mean fungal alpha diversity of A. capillaris in the early season. In contrast, grazing significantly reduced the mean fungal alpha diversity of endophytic fungi of S. bungeana in the late season. Grazing, growing season, and their interactions concurrently structured the community composition of the foliar fungal endophytes of both plant species. However, growing season consistently outperformed grazing and environmental factors in shaping the community composition and diversity of both plant species. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the foliar endophytic fungal community diversity and composition differed in response to grazing between A. capillaris and S. bungeana during one growing season. The focus on this difference will enhance our understanding of grazing's impact on ecological systems and improve land management practices in grazing regions. This variation in the effects of leaf nutrients and plant community characteristics on foliar endophytic fungal community diversity and composition may have a pronounced impact on plant health and plant-fungal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.D.); (F.J.); (D.D.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Feifei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.D.); (F.J.); (D.D.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Dongdong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.D.); (F.J.); (D.D.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.H.); (Z.N.)
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.D.); (F.J.); (D.D.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Huining Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.D.); (F.J.); (D.D.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Yinan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.D.); (F.J.); (D.D.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.D.); (F.J.); (D.D.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.D.); (F.J.); (D.D.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.D.); (F.J.); (D.D.); (Z.T.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (F.H.); (Z.N.)
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Wentzien NM, Fernández-González AJ, Villadas PJ, Valverde-Corredor A, Mercado-Blanco J, Fernández-López M. Thriving beneath olive trees: The influence of organic farming on microbial communities. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3575-3589. [PMID: 37520283 PMCID: PMC10372477 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil health and root-associated microbiome are interconnected factors involved in plant health. The use of manure amendment on agricultural fields exerts a direct benefit on soil nutrient content and water retention, among others. However, little is known about the impact of manure amendment on the root-associated microbiome, particularly in woody species. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of ovine manure on the microbial communities of the olive rhizosphere and root endosphere. Two adjacent orchards subjected to conventional (CM) and organic (OM) management were selected. We used metabarcoding sequencing to assess the bacterial and fungal communities. Our results point out a clear effect of manure amendment on the microbial community. Fungal richness and diversity were increased in the rhizosphere. The fungal biomass in the rhizosphere was more than doubled, ranging from 1.72 × 106 ± 1.62 × 105 (CM) to 4.54 × 106 ± 8.07 × 105 (OM) copies of the 18 S rRNA gene g-1 soil. Soil nutrient content was also enhanced in the OM orchard. Specifically, oxidable organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate, phosphorous, potassium and sulfate concentrations were significantly increased in the OM orchard. Moreover, we predicted a higher abundance of bacteria in OM with metabolic functions involved in pollutant degradation and defence against pathogens. Lastly, microbial co-occurrence network showed more positive interactions, complexity and shorter geodesic distance in the OM orchard. According to our results, manure amendment on olive orchards represents a promising tool for positively modulating the microbial community in direct contact with the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria M. Wentzien
- Soil and Plant Microbiology Department, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Fernández-González
- Soil and Plant Microbiology Department, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo J. Villadas
- Soil and Plant Microbiology Department, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Soil and Plant Microbiology Department, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain
- Crop Protection Department, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-López
- Soil and Plant Microbiology Department, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain
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Gharsallah H, Ksentini I, Frikha-Gargouri O, Hadj Taieb K, Ben Gharsa H, Schuster C, Chatti-Kolsi A, Triki MA, Ksantini M, Leclerque A. Exploring Bacterial and Fungal Biodiversity in Eight Mediterranean Olive Orchards ( Olea europaea L.) in Tunisia. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041086. [PMID: 37110509 PMCID: PMC10145363 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide array of bacteria and fungi are known for their association with pests that impact the health of the olive tree. The latter presents the most economically important cultivation in Tunisia. The microbial diversity associated with olive orchards in Tunisia remains unknown and undetermined. This study investigated microbial diversity to elucidate the microbial interactions that lead to olive disease, and the bio-prospects for potential microbial biocontrol agents associated with insect pests of economic relevance for olive cultivation in the Mediterranean area. Bacterial and fungal isolation was made from soil and olive tree pests. A total of 215 bacterial and fungal strains were randomly isolated from eight different biotopes situated in Sfax (Tunisia), with different management practices. 16S rRNA and ITS gene sequencing were used to identify the microbial community. The majority of the isolated bacteria, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Alcaligenes, and Providencia, are typical of the olive ecosystem and the most common fungi are Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium. The different olive orchards depicted distinct communities, and exhibited dissimilar amounts of bacteria and fungi with distinct ecological functions that could be considered as promising resources in biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Gharsallah
- Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Olive Tree Genetic Resources, Olive Tree Institute, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Ines Ksentini
- Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Olive Tree Genetic Resources, Olive Tree Institute, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Frikha-Gargouri
- Laboratory of Biopesticides, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Karama Hadj Taieb
- Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Olive Tree Genetic Resources, Olive Tree Institute, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Ben Gharsa
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina Schuster
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Amel Chatti-Kolsi
- Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Olive Tree Genetic Resources, Olive Tree Institute, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Triki
- Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Olive Tree Genetic Resources, Olive Tree Institute, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Mohieddine Ksantini
- Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Olive Tree Genetic Resources, Olive Tree Institute, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Andreas Leclerque
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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6
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Melloni R, Cardoso EJBN. Microbiome Associated with Olive Cultivation: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:897. [PMID: 36840245 PMCID: PMC9963204 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
International research has devoted much effort to the study of the impacts caused to the soil by different management practices applied to olive cultivation. Such management involves techniques considered conventional, including the control of spontaneous plants with herbicides or machines, inorganic fertilizers, and pesticides to control pests and diseases. Equally, some producers use sustainable techniques, including drastic pruning, the use of cultivars that are tolerant to diseases and adverse climates, the use of organic conditioners in the soil, the maintenance of vegetation cover with spontaneous plants, and the use of inoculants, among others. In both conventional and sustainable/organic management, the effects on soil quality, crop development, and production are accessed through the presence, activity, and/or behavior of microorganisms, microbial groups, and their processes in the soil and/or directly in the crop itself, such as endophytes and epiphytes. Thus, our present review seeks to assemble research information, not only regarding the role of microorganisms on growth and development of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.). We looked mainly for reviews that reveal the impacts of different management practices applied in countries that produce olive oil and olives, which can serve as a basis and inspiration for Brazilian studies on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Melloni
- Institute of Natural Research, Federal University of Itajubá (Unifei), Itajubá 37500-903, MG, Brazil
| | - Elke J. B. N. Cardoso
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP), Piracicaba 13418-260, SP, Brazil
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7
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Šigutová H, Šigut M, Pyszko P, Kostovčík M, Kolařík M, Drozd P. Seasonal Shifts in Bacterial and Fungal Microbiomes of Leaves and Associated Leaf-Mining Larvae Reveal Persistence of Core Taxa Regardless of Diet. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0316022. [PMID: 36629441 PMCID: PMC9927363 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03160-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are key mediators of interactions between insect herbivores and their host plants. Despite a substantial interest in studying various aspects of these interactions, temporal variations in microbiomes of woody plants and their consumers remain understudied. In this study, we investigated shifts in the microbiomes of leaf-mining larvae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) and their host trees over one growing season in a deciduous temperate forest. We used 16S and ITS2 rRNA gene metabarcoding to profile the bacterial and fungal microbiomes of leaves and larvae. We found pronounced shifts in the leaf and larval microbiota composition and richness as the season progressed, and bacteria and fungi showed consistent patterns. The quantitative similarity between leaf and larval microbiota was very low for bacteria (~9%) and decreased throughout the season, whereas fungal similarity increased and was relatively high (~27%). In both leaves and larvae, seasonality, along with host taxonomy, was the most important factor shaping microbial communities. We identified frequently occurring microbial taxa with significant seasonal trends, including those more prevalent in larvae (Streptococcus, Candida sake, Debaryomyces prosopidis, and Neoascochyta europaea), more prevalent in leaves (Erwinia, Seimatosporium quercinum, Curvibasidium cygneicollum, Curtobacterium, Ceramothyrium carniolicum, and Mycosphaerelloides madeirae), and frequent in both leaves and larvae (bacterial strain P3OB-42, Methylobacterium/Methylorubrum, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Cutibacterium, and Botrytis cinerea). Our results highlight the importance of considering seasonality when studying the interactions between plants, herbivorous insects, and their respective microbiomes, and illustrate a range of microbial taxa persistent in larvae, regardless of their occurrence in the diet. IMPORTANCE Leaf miners are endophagous insect herbivores that feed on plant tissues and develop and live enclosed between the epidermis layers of a single leaf for their entire life cycle. Such close association is a precondition for the evolution of more intimate host-microbe relationships than those found in free-feeding herbivores. Simultaneous comparison of bacterial and fungal microbiomes of leaves and their tightly linked consumers over time represents an interesting study system that could fundamentally contribute to the ongoing debate on the microbial residence of insect gut. Furthermore, leaf miners are ideal model organisms for interpreting the ecological and evolutionary roles of microbiota in host plant specialization. In this study, the larvae harbored specific microbial communities consisting of core microbiome members. Observed patterns suggest that microbes, especially bacteria, may play more important roles in the caterpillar holobiont than generally presumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Šigutová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šigut
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyszko
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kostovčík
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drozd
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Kakagianni M, Tsiknia M, Feka M, Vasileiadis S, Leontidou K, Kavroulakis N, Karamanoli K, Karpouzas DG, Ehaliotis C, Papadopoulou KK. Above- and below-ground microbiome in the annual developmental cycle of two olive tree varieties. FEMS MICROBES 2023; 4:xtad001. [PMID: 37333440 PMCID: PMC10117799 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The olive tree is a hallmark crop in the Mediterranean region. Its cultivation is characterized by an enormous variability in existing genotypes and geographical areas. As regards the associated microbial communities of the olive tree, despite progress, we still lack comprehensive knowledge in the description of these key determinants of plant health and productivity. Here, we determined the prokaryotic, fungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) microbiome in below- (rhizospheric soil, roots) and above-ground (phyllosphere and carposphere) plant compartments of two olive varieties 'Koroneiki' and 'Chondrolia Chalkidikis' grown in Southern and Northern Greece respectively, in five developmental stages along a full fruit-bearing season. Distinct microbial communities were supported in above- and below-ground plant parts; while the former tended to be similar between the two varieties/locations, the latter were location specific. In both varieties/locations, a seasonally stable root microbiome was observed over time; in contrast the plant microbiome in the other compartments were prone to changes over time, which may be related to seasonal environmental change and/or to plant developmental stage. We noted that olive roots exhibited an AMF-specific filtering effect (not observed for bacteria and general fungi) onto the rhizosphere AMF communities of the two olive varieties/locations/, leading to the assemblage of homogenous intraradical AMF communities. Finally, shared microbiome members between the two olive varieties/locations include bacterial and fungal taxa with putative functional attributes that may contribute to olive tree tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrsini Kakagianni
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Temponera str, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Myrto Tsiknia
- Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Maria Feka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Sotirios Vasileiadis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Kleopatra Leontidou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Nektarios Kavroulakis
- Institute for Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “ELGO-Dimitra”, Agrokipio-Souda, 73164 Chania, Greece
| | - Katerina Karamanoli
- Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Karpouzas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Constantinos Ehaliotis
- Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Kalliope K Papadopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
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Pajares‐Murgó M, Garrido JL, Perea AJ, López‐García Á, Alcántara JM. Biotic filters driving the differentiation of decomposer, epiphytic and pathogenic phyllosphere fungi across plant species. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Pajares‐Murgó
- Dept of Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Univ. de Jaén Jaén Spain
- Inst. Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (IISTA) Granada Spain
| | - José L. Garrido
- Dept of Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC Granada Spain
- Dept of Ecología Evolutiva, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), CSIC Sevilla Spain
| | - Antonio J. Perea
- Dept of Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Univ. de Jaén Jaén Spain
- Inst. Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (IISTA) Granada Spain
| | - Álvaro López‐García
- Dept of Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Univ. de Jaén Jaén Spain
- Dept of Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), CSIC Granada Spain
- Inst. Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (IISTA) Granada Spain
| | - Julio M. Alcántara
- Dept of Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Univ. de Jaén Jaén Spain
- Inst. Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (IISTA) Granada Spain
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10
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Shen Z, Liu X, Yang J, Wang Y, Yao K, Huo Q, Fu Y, Wei Y, Guo B. The temporal and spatial endophytic fungal community of Huperzia serrata: diversity and relevance to huperzine A production by the host. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:281. [PMID: 36424543 PMCID: PMC9686072 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants maintain the steady-state balance of the mutually beneficial symbiosis relationship with their endophytic fungi through secondary metabolites. Meanwhile endophytic fungi can serve as biological inducers to promote the biosynthesis and accumulation of valuable secondary metabolites in host plants through a variety of ways. The composition and structure of endophytic fungal community are affected by many factors, including tissues, seasons and so on. In this work, we studied the community diversity, temporal and spatial pattern of endophytic fungi detected from the roots, stems and leaves of Huperzia serrata in different seasons. The correlation between endophytic fungi and huperzine A (HupA) content in plants was analyzed. RESULTS A total of 7005 operational taxonomic units were detected, and all strains were identified as 14 phyla, 54 classes, 140 orders, 351 families and 742 genera. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the diversity of endophytic fungi in stem and leaf was higher than that in root, and the diversity in summer (August) was lower than that in other months. NMDS analysis showed that the endophytic fungal communities of leaves, stems and roots were significantly different, and the root and leaf communities were also different between four seasons. Through correlation analysis, it was found that 33 genera of the endophytic fungi of H. serrata showed a significant positive correlation with the content of HupA (p < 0.05), of which 13 genera (Strelitziana, Devriesia, Articulospora, Derxomyces, Cyphellophora, Trechispora, Kurtzmanomyces, Capnobotryella, Erythrobasidium, Camptophora, Stagonospora, Lachnum, Golubevia) showed a highly significant positive correlation with the content of HupA (p < 0.01). These endophytic fungi may have the potential to promote the biosynthesis and accumulation of HupA in plant. CONCLUSIONS This report is the first time to analyze the diversity of endophytic fungi in tissues of H. serrata in different seasons, which proves that there is variability in different tissues and seasonal distribution patterns. These findings provide references to the study of endophytic fungi of H. serrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhui Shen
- grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Xubing Liu
- grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Jia Yang
- grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Yanli Wang
- grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Kai Yao
- grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Qingmiao Huo
- grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Yanping Fu
- grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Yahui Wei
- grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Bin Guo
- grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
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11
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Hladnik M, Unković N, Janakiev T, Grbić ML, Arbeiter AB, Stanković S, Janaćković P, Gavrilović M, Rančić D, Bandelj D, Dimkić I. An Insight into an Olive Scab on the "Istrska Belica" Variety: Host-Pathogen Interactions and Phyllosphere Mycobiome. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02131-4. [PMID: 36307735 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The olive tree is one of the most important agricultural plants, affected by several pests and diseases that cause a severe decline in health status leading to crop losses. Olive leaf spot disease caused by the fungus Venturia oleaginea can result in complete tree defoliation and consequently lower yield. The aim of the study was to obtain new knowledge related to plant-pathogen interaction, reveal mechanisms of plant defense against the pathogen, and characterize fungal phyllosphere communities on infected and symptomless leaves that could contribute to the development of new plant breeding strategies and identification of novel biocontrol agents. The highly susceptible olive variety "Istrska Belica"' was selected for a detailed evaluation. Microscopy analyses led to the observation of raphides in the mesophyll and parenchyma cells of infected leaves and gave new insight into the complex V. oleaginea pathogenesis. Culturable and total phyllosphere mycobiota, obtained via metabarcoding approach, highlighted Didymella, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, and Alternaria species as overlapping between infected and symptomless leaves. Only Venturia and Erythrobasidium in infected and Cladosporium in symptomless samples with higher abundance showed statistically significant differences. Based on the ecological role of identified taxa, it can be suggested that Cladosporium species might have potential antagonistic effects on V. oleaginea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Hladnik
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies (FAMNIT), University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, Sl-6000, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Nikola Unković
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Janakiev
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Alenka Baruca Arbeiter
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies (FAMNIT), University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, Sl-6000, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Slaviša Stanković
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Peđa Janaćković
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Gavrilović
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Rančić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia
| | - Dunja Bandelj
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies (FAMNIT), University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, Sl-6000, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Ivica Dimkić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11158, Belgrade, Serbia.
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12
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Transcriptome Analyses in a Selected Gene Set Indicate Alternative Oxidase (AOX) and Early Enhanced Fermentation as Critical for Salinity Tolerance in Rice. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162145. [PMID: 36015448 PMCID: PMC9415304 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plants subjected to stress need to respond rapidly and efficiently to acclimatize and survive. In this paper, we investigated a selected gene set potentially involved in early cell reprogramming in two rice genotypes with contrasting salinity tolerance (Pokkali tolerant and IR29 susceptible) in order to advance knowledge of early molecular mechanisms of rice in dealing with salt stress. Selected genes were evaluated in available transcriptomic data over a short period of 24 h and involved enzymes that avoid ROS formation (AOX, UCP and PTOX), impact ATP production (PFK, ADH and COX) or relate to the antioxidant system. Higher transcript accumulation of AOX (ROS balancing), PFK and ADH (alcohol fermentation) was detected in the tolerant genotype, while the sensitive genotype revealed higher UCP and PTOX transcript levels, indicating a predominant role for early transcription of AOX and fermentation in conferring salt stress tolerance to rice. Antioxidant gene analyses supported higher oxidative stress in IR29, with transcript increases of cytosolic CAT and SOD from all cell compartments (cytoplasm, peroxisome, chloroplast and mitochondria). In contrast, Pokkali increased mRNA levels from the AsA-GSH cycle as cytosolic/mitochondrial DHAR was involved in ascorbate recovery. In addition, these responses occurred from 2 h in IR29 and 10 h in Pokkali, indicating early but ineffective antioxidant activity in the susceptible genotype. Overall, our data suggest that AOX and ADH can play a critical role during early cell reprogramming for improving salt stress tolerance by efficiently controlling ROS formation in mitochondria. We discuss our results in relation to gene engineering and editing approaches to develop salinity-tolerant crops.
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13
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de Oliveira AA, Ramalho MDO, Moreau CS, Campos AEDC, Harakava R, Bueno OC. Exploring the diversity and potential interactions of bacterial and fungal endophytes associated with different cultivars of olive (Olea europaea) in Brazil. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127128. [PMID: 35868260 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The olive crop has expanded in the southeastern region of South America, particularly in Brazil. Thus, the objectives of this study were to identify the diversity of endophytic microorganisms associated with olive leaves with culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, to explore which factors influence the composition and abundance of this microbial community, to identify the trophic mode of these fungi by FunGuild and, to verify type associations between bacterial and fungal communities. Leaf samples were collected from 93 plants in nine locations in the Brazilian states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. Leaves were first superficially disinfected before fungal isolation and next-generation metabarcoding sequencing was completed targeting the 16S rRNA regions for bacteria and ITS1 for fungi. In total, 800 isolates were obtained, which were grouped into 191 morphotypes and molecularly identified, resulting in 38 genera, 32 of which were recorded for the first time in cultivated olive trees in Brazil. For the isolated fungi, the most abundant trophic level was pathotrophic and for the culture-independent method was unidentified followed by symbiotrophic. The metabarcoding results revealed that factors such as plant age, altitudinal gradient, and geographic location can influence the microbial community of commercial olive plants, while the specific cultivar did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Aparecida de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) - Institute of Biosciences - Campus Rio Claro, Department of General and Applied Biology. Center for Social Insect Studies, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil; Biological Institute of São Paulo - Vila Mariana, São Paulo, SP 04014-002, Brazil.
| | | | - Corrie Saux Moreau
- Cornell University, Department of Entomology, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Cornell University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Ricardo Harakava
- Biological Institute of São Paulo - Vila Mariana, São Paulo, SP 04014-002, Brazil
| | - Odair Correa Bueno
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) - Institute of Biosciences - Campus Rio Claro, Department of General and Applied Biology. Center for Social Insect Studies, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
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14
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Song M, Sun B, Li R, Zhang Z, Bai Z, Zhuang X. Dynamic succession patterns and interactions of phyllospheric microorganisms during NO x exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128371. [PMID: 35150993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The phyllosphere plays a role in alleviating air pollution, potentially leveraging the native microorganisms for further enhancement. It remains unclear how phyllospheric microorganisms respond to nitrogen oxide (NOx) pollution and participate in abatement. Here, we exposed Schefflera octophylla to NOx to reveal microbial succession patterns and interactions in the phyllosphere. During exposure, phyllospheric ammonium (NH4+-N) significantly increased, with different alpha diversity changes between bacteria and fungi. Community successions enclosed core taxa with relatively excellent tolerance, represented by bacterial genera (Norcardiodes, Aeromicrobium) and fungal genera (Talaromyces, Acremonium). The exposure eliminated specific pathogens (e.g., Zymoseptoria) and benefitted plant growth-promoting populations (e.g., Talaromyces, Exiguobacterium), which might favor plant disease control, improve plant health and thus buffer NOx pollution. Cooccurrence networks revealed more negative correlations among bacteria and closer linkages among fungi during exposure. Our results also showed a functional shift from the predominance of pathotrophs to saprotrophs. Our study identified microbial successions and interactions during NOx pollution and thus enlightened prospective taxa and potential roles of phyllospheric microorganisms in NOx remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Xiongan Institute of Innovation, Xiongan New Area 071000, China.
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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15
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Liber JA, Minier DH, Stouffer-Hopkins A, Van Wyk J, Longley R, Bonito G. Maple and hickory leaf litter fungal communities reflect pre-senescent leaf communities. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12701. [PMID: 35127279 PMCID: PMC8801177 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal communities are known to contribute to the functioning of living plant microbiomes as well as to the decay of dead plant material and affect vital ecosystem services, such as pathogen resistance and nutrient cycling. Yet, factors that drive structure and function of phyllosphere mycobiomes and their fate in leaf litter are often ignored. We sought to determine the factors contributing to the composition of communities in temperate forest substrates, with culture-independent amplicon sequencing of fungal communities of pre-senescent leaf surfaces, internal tissues, leaf litter, underlying humus soil of co-occurring red maple (Acer rubrum) and shagbark hickory (Carya ovata). Paired samples were taken at five sites within a temperate forest in southern Michigan, USA. Fungal communities were differentiable based on substrate, host species, and site, as well as all two-way and three-way interactions of these variables. PERMANOVA analyses and co-occurrence of taxa indicate that soil communities are unique from both phyllosphere and leaf litter communities. Correspondence of endophyte, epiphyte, and litter communities suggests dispersal plays an important role in structuring fungal communities. Future work will be needed to assess how this dispersal changes microbial community functioning in these niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A. Liber
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States,Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Douglas H. Minier
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Anna Stouffer-Hopkins
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Judson Van Wyk
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Reid Longley
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
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16
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Bashir I, War AF, Rafiq I, Reshi ZA, Rashid I, Shouche YS. Phyllosphere microbiome: Diversity and functions. Microbiol Res 2021; 254:126888. [PMID: 34700185 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phyllosphere or aerial surface of plants represents the globally largest and peculiar microbial habitat that inhabits diverse and rich communities of bacteria, fungi, viruses, cyanobacteria, actinobacteria, nematodes, and protozoans. These hyperdiverse microbial communities are related to the host's specific functional traits and influence the host's physiology and the ecosystem's functioning. In the last few years, significant advances have been made in unravelling several aspects of phyllosphere microbiology, including diversity and microbial community composition, dynamics, and functional interactions. This review highlights the current knowledge about the assembly, structure, and composition of phyllosphere microbial communities across spatio-temporal scales, besides functional significance of different microbial communities to the plant host and the surrounding environment. The knowledge will help develop strategies for modelling and manipulating these highly beneficial microbial consortia for furthering scientific inquiry into their interactions with the host plants and also for their useful and economic utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Aadil Farooq War
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iflah Rafiq
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zafar A Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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17
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Gakuubi MM, Munusamy M, Liang ZX, Ng SB. Fungal Endophytes: A Promising Frontier for Discovery of Novel Bioactive Compounds. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:786. [PMID: 34682208 PMCID: PMC8538612 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For years, fungi have served as repositories of bioactive secondary metabolites that form the backbone of many existing drugs. With the global rise in infections associated with antimicrobial resistance, in addition to the growing burden of non-communicable disease, such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular ailments, the demand for new drugs that can provide an improved therapeutic outcome has become the utmost priority. The exploration of microbes from understudied and specialized niches is one of the promising ways of discovering promising lead molecules for drug discovery. In recent years, a special class of plant-associated fungi, namely, fungal endophytes, have emerged as an important source of bioactive compounds with unique chemistry and interesting biological activities. The present review focuses on endophytic fungi and their classification, rationale for selection and prioritization of host plants for fungal isolation and examples of strategies that have been adopted to induce the activation of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters to enhance the biosynthetic potential of fungal endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Muthee Gakuubi
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (M.M.G.); (M.M.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
| | - Madhaiyan Munusamy
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (M.M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Zhao-Xun Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
| | - Siew Bee Ng
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (M.M.G.); (M.M.)
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18
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Nelson JM, Hauser DA, Li FW. The diversity and community structure of symbiotic cyanobacteria in hornworts inferred from long-read amplicon sequencing. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:1731-1744. [PMID: 34533221 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Nitrogen-fixing endosymbioses with cyanobacteria have evolved independently in five very different plant lineages. Expanding knowledge of these symbioses promises to improve the understanding of symbiosis evolution and broaden the toolkit for agricultural engineering to reduce artificial fertilizer use. Here we focused on hornworts, a bryophyte lineage in which all members host cyanobacteria, and investigated factors shaping the diversity of their cyanobiont communities. METHODS We sampled hornworts and adjacent soils in upstate New York throughout the hornwort growing season. We included all three sympatric hornwort species in the area, allowing us to directly compare partner selectivity. To profile cyanobacteria communities, we established a metabarcoding protocol targeting rbcL-X with PacBio long reads. RESULTS The hornwort cyanobionts detected were phylogenetically diverse, including clades that do not contain other known plant symbionts. We found significant overlap between hornwort cyanobionts and soil cyanobacteria, a pattern not previously reported in other plant-cyanobacteria symbioses. Cyanobiont communities differed between host plants only centimeters apart, but we did not detect an effect of sampling time or host species on the cyanobacterial community structure. CONCLUSIONS This study expands the phylogenetic diversity of known symbiotic cyanobacteria. Our analyses suggest that hornwort cyanobionts have a tight connection to the soil background, and we found no evidence that time within growing season, host species, or distance at the scale of meters strongly govern cyanobacteria community assembly. This study provides a critical foundation for further study of the ecology, evolution, and interaction dynamics of plant-cyanobacteria symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fay-Wei Li
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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19
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Faticov M, Abdelfattah A, Roslin T, Vacher C, Hambäck P, Blanchet FG, Lindahl BD, Tack AJM. Climate warming dominates over plant genotype in shaping the seasonal trajectory of foliar fungal communities on oak. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1770-1783. [PMID: 33960441 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Leaves interact with a wealth of microorganisms. Among these, fungi are highly diverse and are known to contribute to plant health, leaf senescence and early decomposition. However, patterns and drivers of the seasonal dynamics of foliar fungal communities are poorly understood. We used a multifactorial experiment to investigate the influence of warming and tree genotype on the foliar fungal community on the pedunculate oak Quercus robur across one growing season. Fungal species richness increased, evenness tended to decrease, and community composition strongly shifted during the growing season. Yeasts increased in relative abundance as the season progressed, while putative fungal pathogens decreased. Warming decreased species richness, reduced evenness and changed community composition, especially at the end of the growing season. Warming also negatively affected putative fungal pathogens. We only detected a minor imprint of tree genotype and warming × genotype interactions on species richness and community composition. Overall, our findings demonstrate that warming plays a larger role than plant genotype in shaping the seasonal dynamics of the foliar fungal community on oak. These warming-induced shifts in the foliar fungal community may have a pronounced impact on plant health, plant-fungal interactions and ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Faticov
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20A, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz, A-8010, Austria
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7044, Uppsala, SE-756 51, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Hambäck
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20A, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - F Guillaume Blanchet
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
- Département de Mathématique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
- Département des Sciences de la Santé Communautaire, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Björn D Lindahl
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7014, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Ayco J M Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20A, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
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20
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Wang P, Kong X, Chen H, Xiao Y, Liu H, Li X, Zhang Z, Tan X, Wang D, Jin D, Deng Y, Cernava T. Exploration of Intrinsic Microbial Community Modulators in the Rice Endosphere Indicates a Key Role of Distinct Bacterial Taxa Across Different Cultivars. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:629852. [PMID: 33664718 PMCID: PMC7920960 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.629852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities associated with the plant phyllosphere and endosphere can have both beneficial as well as detrimental effects on their hosts. There is an ongoing debate to which extend the phyllosphere and endosphere microbiome assembly is controlled by the host plant how pronounced cultivar effects are. We investigated the bacterial and fungal communities from the phyllosphere and endosphere of 10 different rice cultivars grown under identical environmental conditions in the frame of a targeted approach to identify drivers of community assembly. The results indicated that the endophytic bacterial communities were clearly separated into two groups. The α-diversity and microbial network complexity within Group I were significantly lower than in Group II. Moreover, the genera Nocardioides, Microvirga, and Gaiella were significantly more abundant in Group II and only present in the interaction networks of this group. These three genera were significantly correlated with α- and β-diversity of the endophytic bacterial community and thus identified as major drivers of the endosphere community. We have identified keystone taxa that shape endophytic bacterial communities of different rice cultivars. Our overall findings provide new insights into plant-microbe interactions, and may contribute to targeted improvements of rice varieties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Kong
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsong Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Biology of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Youlun Xiao
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xinqiu Tan
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Diandong Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Decai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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21
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Illuminating Olea europaea L. endophyte fungal community. Microbiol Res 2021; 245:126693. [PMID: 33482404 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A wide array of fungal endophytes is known to inhabit plant tissues and were recently recognized as essential for plant health. A better description of the scarcely known endophyte microbiota in olive tree phyllosphere is the first step for elucidating the microbial interactions that lead to olive disease establishment. In this work, the fungal endophytic community of the phyllosphere of different olive tree cultivars (Cobrançosa, Galega vulgar, Madural, Picual, Verdeal Transmontana) is revealed by using a metabarcoding strategy targeting ITS1 barcode. A total of 460 OTUs were obtained, increasing the broad view of fungal endophytes inhabiting the olive tree phyllosphere, in particular yeast endophytes. New endophytes were persistently found in all cultivar tissues. Different olive tree cultivars depicted distinct endophyte communities. Olive cultivars exhibited dissimilar amounts of fungi with distinct ecological functions, which could explain at least in part their differential susceptibility/tolerance to olive diseases.
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22
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Endophytic Fungi as Potential Biological Control Agents against Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Alentejo Region. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120420. [PMID: 33256028 PMCID: PMC7760588 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Grapevine trunk diseases are the most widespread fungal diseases, affecting grapevines in all the major growing regions of the world, and their complete eradication is still not possible. Aiming to search alternatives to avoid the spread and high incidence of these diseases, the present work identified in vineyards within the Alentejo region the grapevine fungal community and among it the fungi responsible for those diseases. Grapevine fungal community showed a wide variety of fungi, nine of them previously described as grapevine trunk diseases-associated fungi. Almost all these fungi were detected in symptomatic and asymptomatic plants, which shows the importance of investigating the interactions of fungal communities and confirms the need for early diagnosis of these diseases. The potential of endophytic fungi as bio-control agents was tested against grapevine trunk diseases-associated fungi. These tests were performed among identified endophytes and grapevine trunk diseases phytopathogenic fungi, and all the endophyte fungi showed potential as biocontrol agents. Our findings suggest that endophytes are promising candidates for their use in biological control due to their antagonistic activity against the mycelia growth of grapevine trunk diseases-associated fungi. Abstract Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are the most widespread fungal diseases, affecting grapevines in all the major growing regions of the world, and their complete eradication is still not possible. Aiming to search alternatives to avoid the spread and high incidence of these diseases, the present work intended to molecularly identify the grapevine endophytic community, the phytopathogenic fungi associated with GTDs in vineyards within the Alentejo region, and to test potential antagonist microorganisms as biological control candidates against GTDs-associated fungi. Grapevine endophytic community showed a wide variety of fungi in GTDs’ asymptomatic and symptomatic plants, nine of them previously described as GTDs-associated fungi. GTDs prevalent fungi identified in symptomatic plants were Diaporthe sp., Neofusicoccum sp., and H. viticola. Almost all these fungi were also detected in asymptomatic plants, which shows the importance of investigating the interactions of fungal communities and confirms the need for early diagnosis of these diseases. Direct inhibition antagonism tests were performed among identified endophytes and GTDs phytopathogenic fungi, and all the endophyte fungi showed potential as biocontrol agents. Our findings suggest that endophytes are promising candidates for their use in biological control due to their antagonistic activity against the mycelia growth of some GTDs-associated fungi.
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23
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Nicoletti R, Di Vaio C, Cirillo C. Endophytic Fungi of Olive Tree. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1321. [PMID: 32872625 PMCID: PMC7565531 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the general interest connected with investigations on biodiversity in natural contexts, more recently the scientific community has started considering occurrence of endophytic fungi in crops in the awareness of the fundamental role played by these microorganisms on plant growth and protection. Crops such as olive tree, whose management is more and more frequently based on the paradigm of sustainable agriculture, are particularly interested in the perspective of a possible applicative employment, considering that the multi-year crop cycle implies a likely higher impact of these symbiotic interactions. Aspects concerning occurrence and effects of endophytic fungi associated with olive tree (Olea europaea) are revised in the present paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Nicoletti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Claudio Di Vaio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Chiara Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
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24
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Fan Y, Gao L, Chang P, Li Z. Endophytic fungal community in grape is correlated to foliar age and domestication. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The composition of endophytic communities has been shown to depend on grape genotypes and viticultural managements in leaves, stems, and berries of grape, but there have been relatively few reports exploring fungal endophytes associated with wild grape and foliar age.
Methods
The regions of internally transcribed spacer (ITS) were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq to determine the diversity of fungal endophytes associated with European grape (Vitis vinifera cv. Red Globe) and Chinese wild grape (Vitis amurensis cv. Shuangyou) in young and mature leaves.
Results
A total of 3 phyla, 23 classes, 51 orders, 97 families, and 150 fungal genera were identified. Young leaves have significantly higher diversity and richness than that in mature leaves in both cultivars. Endophytic fungal diversity was greater in wild grapevines (119 genera) than in cultivated grapevines (81 genera) in both young and mature leaves. Endophytic fungal community structure was also significantly different between young leaves and mature leaves as well as in both cultivars based on statistical tests of ANOSIM and MRPP.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that endophytic fungal communities were strongly affected by foliar age and domestication, which are crucial factors in establishing symbiotic associations with a selective enrichment for specific endophytes.
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25
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Jia Q, Qu J, Mu H, Sun H, Wu C. Foliar endophytic fungi: diversity in species and functions in forest ecosystems. Symbiosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-019-00663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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26
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Kosawang C, Sørensen H, Kjær ED, Dilokpimol A, McKinney LV, Collinge DB, Nielsen LR. Defining the twig fungal communities of Fraxinus species and Fraxinus excelsior genotypes with differences in susceptibility to ash dieback. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Janakiev T, Dimkić I, Unković N, Ljaljević Grbić M, Opsenica D, Gašić U, Stanković S, Berić T. Phyllosphere Fungal Communities of Plum and Antifungal Activity of Indigenous Phenazine-Producing Pseudomonas synxantha Against Monilinia laxa. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2287. [PMID: 31632384 PMCID: PMC6779809 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
European plum (Prunus domestica L.) is a significant commercial crop in Serbia in terms of total fruit production, and is traditionally processed into slivovitz brandy. The brown rot disease caused by Monilinia laxa drastically reduces plum yield almost every year. Fungal communities associated with leaves and fruits of four local Serbian plum cultivars (Požegača, Ranka, Čačanska Lepotica and Čačanska Rodna) were investigated in two phenological stages during early (May) and late (July) fruit maturation. Alpha diversity indices showed that fungal communities were heterogeneous and Beta diversity indicated that autochthonous fungal communities depended upon seasonal changes and the cultivars themselves. The phylum Ascomycota was the most abundant in all samples, with relative abundance (RA) between 46% in the Požegača cultivar (May) and 89% in the Lepotica cultivar (July). The most abundant genus for all plum cultivars in May was Aureobasidium, with RA from 19.27 to 33.69%, followed by Cryptococcus, with 4.8 to 48.80%. In July, besides Cryptococcus, different genera (Metschnikowia, Fusarium, and Hanseniaspora) were dominant on particular cultivars. Among all cultivable fungi, molecular identification of eleven M. laxa isolates from four plum cultivars was performed simultaneously. Bacterial isolates from the plum phyllosphere were tested for their potential antifungal activity against indigenous M. laxa isolates. The most potent antagonist P4/16_1, which significantly reduced mycelial growth of M. laxa, was identified as Pseudomonas synxantha. Further characterization of P4/16_1 revealed the production of volatile organic compounds and phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA). Crude benzene extract of PCA exhibited 57-63% mycelial growth inhibition of M. laxa. LC/MS analysis of the crude extract confirmed the presence of phenazine derivatives amongst other compounds. Scanning electron microscopy revealed morpho-physiological changes in the hyphae of M. laxa isolates caused by the cell culture and the P. synxantha P4/16_1 crude benzene extract. This is the first report of antagonistic activity of P. synxantha against M. laxa induced by diffusible and volatile antifungal compounds, and it appears to be a promising candidate for further investigation for potential use as a biocontrol agent against brown rot-causing fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Janakiev
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivica Dimkić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Unković
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Dejan Opsenica
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš Gašić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Tanja Berić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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28
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Materatski P, Varanda C, Carvalho T, Dias AB, Campos MD, Gomes L, Nobre T, Rei F, Félix MDR. Effect of Long-Term Fungicide Applications on Virulence and Diversity of Colletotrichum spp. Associated to Olive Anthracnose. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8090311. [PMID: 31470646 PMCID: PMC6784085 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the presence and variability of Colletotrichum spp. was evaluated by comparing fungal isolates obtained from olive trees under long-time phytosanitary treatments with trees without any phytosanitary treatments (treated and untreated, respectively). Olive fruits of trees of the highly susceptible ‘Galega vulgar’ cultivar growing in the Alentejo region were used as samples. From the 210 olive trees sampled (half from treated and half from untreated orchards), 125 (59.5%) presented Colletotrichum spp., with a significant lower number of infected trees in treated (39) when compared to untreated orchards (86). The alignment and analysis of beta-tubulin (tub2), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin (ACT), chitin synthase (CHS-1) and histone H3 (HIS-3) gene sequences allowed the identification of all 125 isolates as belonging to the C. acutatum complex. The vast majority of the isolates (124) were identified as C. nymphaeae and one isolate, from an untreated tree, was identified as C. godetiae. Isolates were divided into five different groups: Group A: 39 isolates from treated trees matched in 100% with C. nymphaeae sequences from the database; Group B: 76 isolates from untreated trees matched in 100% with C. nymphaeae sequences from the database; Group C: one isolate from untreated trees presenting a single nucleotidic difference in the HIS-3 sequence; Group D: eight isolates from untreated trees presenting differences in two nucleotides in the tub2 sequences that changed the protein structure, together with differences in two specific nucleotides of the GAPDH sequences; Group E: one isolate, from untreated olive trees, matched 100% with C. godetiae sequences from the database in all genes. Considering the similarities of the sampled areas, our results show that the long-time application of fungicides may have caused a reduction in the number of olive trees infected with Colletotrichum spp. but an increase in the number of fruits positive to Colletotrichum spp. within each tree, which may suggest different degrees of virulence of Colletotrichum isolates from trees growing different management regimes. It is imperative that the fungicides described as causing resistance are applied at appropriate times and intervals, since their efficiency decreases when applied incorrectly and new and more virulent species may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Materatski
- ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Carla Varanda
- ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Teresa Carvalho
- INIAV - Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I. P. Estrada de Gil Vaz, Apartado 6, 7351-901 Elvas, Portugal
| | - António Bento Dias
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural, ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria Doroteia Campos
- ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Luis Gomes
- ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Tânia Nobre
- ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Fernando Rei
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria do Rosário Félix
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
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29
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Varanda CMR, Materatski P, Landum M, Campos MD, Félix MDR. Fungal Communities Associated with Peacock and Cercospora Leaf Spots in Olive. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8060169. [PMID: 31212781 PMCID: PMC6630884 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Venturia oleaginea and Pseudocercospora cladosporioides are two of the most important olive fungal pathogens causing leaf spots: peacock spot, and cercosporiosis, respectively. In the present study, fungal communities associated with the presence of these pathogens were investigated. Overall, 300 symptomatic and asymptomatic trees from different cultivars were sampled from Alentejo, Portugal. A total of 788 fungal isolates were obtained and classified into 21 OTUs; Ascomycota was clearly the predominant phylum (96.6%). Trees from cultivar 'Galega vulgar' showed a significant higher fungal richness when compared to 'Cobrançosa', which in turn showed significant higher values than 'Picual'. Concerning plant health status, symptomatic plants showed significant higher fungal richness, mainly due to the high number of isolates of the pathogens V. oleaginea and P. cladosporioides. In terms of fungal diversity, there were two major groups: ca. 90% of the isolates found in symptomatic plants belonged to V. oleaginea, P. cladosporioides, Chalara sp., and Foliophoma sp. while ca. 90% of the isolates found in asymptomatic plants, belonged to Alternaria sp. and Epicoccum sp. This study highlights the existence of different fungal communities in olive trees, including potential antagonistic organisms that can have a significant impact on diseases and consequently on olive production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M R Varanda
- ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Patrick Materatski
- ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Landum
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Maria Doroteia Campos
- ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Maria do Rosário Félix
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
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