1
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Angst G, Potapov A, Joly FX, Angst Š, Frouz J, Ganault P, Eisenhauer N. Conceptualizing soil fauna effects on labile and stabilized soil organic matter. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5005. [PMID: 38886372 PMCID: PMC11183196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fauna is highly abundant and diverse in soils worldwide, but surprisingly little is known about how it affects soil organic matter stabilization. Here, we review how the ecological strategies of a multitude of soil faunal taxa can affect the formation and persistence of labile (particulate organic matter, POM) and stabilized soil organic matter (mineral-associated organic matter, MAOM). We propose three major mechanisms - transformation, translocation, and grazing on microorganisms - by which soil fauna alters factors deemed essential in the formation of POM and MAOM, including the quantity and decomposability of organic matter, soil mineralogy, and the abundance, location, and composition of the microbial community. Determining the relevance of these mechanisms to POM and MAOM formation in cross-disciplinary studies that cover individual taxa and more complex faunal communities, and employ physical fractionation, isotopic, and microbiological approaches is essential to advance concepts, models, and policies focused on soil organic matter and effectively manage soils as carbon sinks, nutrient stores, and providers of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Angst
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology & Biogeochemistry, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University, Benátská 2, Praha 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Anton Potapov
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz, Postfach 300 154, 02806, Görlitz, Germany
| | - François-Xavier Joly
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Šárka Angst
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Frouz
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology & Biogeochemistry, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University, Benátská 2, Praha 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pierre Ganault
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Laboratoire ECODIV USC INRAE 1499, Université de Rouen Normandie, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Rouen, France
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Wu B, Jiao X, Sun A, Li F, He JZ, Hu HW. Precipitation seasonality and soil pH drive the large-scale distribution of soil invertebrate communities in agricultural ecosystems. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad131. [PMID: 37838473 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil invertebrates contribute significantly to vital ecosystem functions such as the breakdown of organic matter and cycling of essential nutrients, but our knowledge of their large-scale distribution in agricultural systems is limited, which hinders our ability to robustly predict how they will respond to future global change scenarios. Here, we employed metabarcoding analysis of eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes to examine the diversity and community composition of invertebrates in 528 sorghum rhizosphere and bulk soils, collected from 53 experimental field sites across China. Our results revealed that Nematoda, Arthropoda and Annelida were the dominant soil invertebrate groups in agroecosystems. Among all the climatic and soil parameters we examined, precipitation seasonality (i.e. the irregular distribution of precipitation during a normal year) had the strongest relationship with the richness of soil invertebrates, with an increase in soil invertebrate richness predicted with increasing precipitation seasonality. Mean annual precipitation and soil pH were the most important predictors of soil invertebrate community structure, with numerous invertebrate phylotypes showing either significantly positive or negative relationships with these two variables. Our findings suggest that shifts in precipitation patterns and soil pH, induced by future climate change and agricultural practices, will have important consequences for the distribution of soil invertebrate communities, with implications for agricultural ecosystem sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxue Wu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiao
- College of Resource and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 03003, China
| | - Anqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Bristol D, Hassan K, Blankinship JC, Nielsen UN. Responses of nematode abundances to increased and reduced rainfall under field conditions: A meta‐analysis. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Bristol
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Kamrul Hassan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia
- Department of Entomology Sylhet Agricultural University Sylhet Bangladesh
| | | | - Uffe N. Nielsen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia
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4
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Beet CR, Hogg ID, Cary SC, McDonald IR, Sinclair BJ. The Resilience of Polar Collembola (Springtails) in a Changing Climate. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:100046. [PMID: 36683955 PMCID: PMC9846479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2022.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the resilience of polar biota to climate change is essential for predicting the effects of changing environmental conditions for ecosystems. Collembola are abundant in terrestrial polar ecosystems and are integral to food-webs and soil nutrient cycling. Using available literature, we consider resistance (genetic diversity; behavioural avoidance and physiological tolerances; biotic interactions) and recovery potential for polar Collembola. Polar Collembola have high levels of genetic diversity, considerable capacity for behavioural avoidance, wide thermal tolerance ranges, physiological plasticity, generalist-opportunistic feeding habits and broad ecological niches. The biggest threats to the ongoing resistance of polar Collembola are increasing levels of dispersal (gene flow), increased mean and extreme temperatures, drought, changing biotic interactions, and the arrival and spread of invasive species. If resistance capacities are insufficient, numerous studies have highlighted that while some species can recover from disturbances quickly, complete community-level recovery is exceedingly slow. Species dwelling deeper in the soil profile may be less able to resist climate change and may not recover in ecologically realistic timescales given the current rate of climate change. Ultimately, diverse communities are more likely to have species or populations that are able to resist or recover from disturbances. While much of the Arctic has comparatively high levels of diversity and phenotypic plasticity; areas of Antarctica have extremely low levels of diversity and are potentially much more vulnerable to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare R. Beet
- Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato - University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ian D. Hogg
- Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato - University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Canadian High Arctic Research Station, Polar Knowledge Canada, Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada
| | - S. Craig Cary
- Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato - University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ian R. McDonald
- Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato - University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Brent J. Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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5
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Semenov MV, Krasnov GS, Semenov VM, van Bruggen A. Mineral and Organic Fertilizers Distinctly Affect Fungal Communities in the Crop Rhizosphere. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030251. [PMID: 35330253 PMCID: PMC8949291 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi represent a diverse group of organisms that play an essential role in maintaining soil health and ecosystem functioning. Plant root exudates form nutrient-rich niches that harbor specific fungal communities, or so-called rhizosphere mycobiomes. The long-term application of fertilizers supplies the soil with nutrients that may override the plant-related effects on rhizosphere fungal communities. Here, we assessed the effect of contrasting fertilization regimes on the composition, diversity, and abundance of bulk soil and rhizosphere mycobiomes of potato, white mustard, and maize under NPK (mineral fertilizers) or fresh cattle manure (organic fertilizers). Mineral and organic fertilizers led to distinct fungal communities in the rhizospheres of all studied crops, and the plant-related effects on the mycobiome were overridden by the effect of fertilization. The abundances of Ascomycota and Olpidiomycota were higher under manure, while the abundances of Basidiomycota and Monoblepharomycota increased under NPK. Manure input strongly increased fungal abundance but decreased fungal diversity and the total number of species. NPK had a slight effect on fungal diversity, but significantly increased the relative abundances of fungal phytopathogens, such as Alternaria and Fusarium. Our study shows that that potential plant species effects on the abundance and diversity of the rhizosphere mycobiomes are governed by long-term fertilization. Fertilization management could therefore be used to manipulate rhizosphere fungal communities and soilborne pathogen suppressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Semenov
- Department of Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, 119017 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vyacheslav M. Semenov
- Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science of RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Ariena van Bruggen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0680, USA;
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Aguilar-Trigueros CA, Boddy L, Rillig MC, Fricker MD. Network traits predict ecological strategies in fungi. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:2. [PMID: 37938271 PMCID: PMC9723744 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-021-00085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Colonization of terrestrial environments by filamentous fungi relies on their ability to form networks that can forage for and connect resource patches. Despite the importance of these networks, ecologists rarely consider network features as functional traits because their measurement and interpretation are conceptually and methodologically difficult. To address these challenges, we have developed a pipeline to translate images of fungal mycelia, from both micro- and macro-scales, to weighted network graphs that capture ecologically relevant fungal behaviour. We focus on four properties that we hypothesize determine how fungi forage for resources, specifically: connectivity; relative construction cost; transport efficiency; and robustness against attack by fungivores. Constrained ordination and Pareto front analysis of these traits revealed that foraging strategies can be distinguished predominantly along a gradient of connectivity for micro- and macro-scale mycelial networks that is reminiscent of the qualitative 'phalanx' and 'guerilla' descriptors previously proposed in the literature. At one extreme are species with many inter-connections that increase the paths for multidirectional transport and robustness to damage, but with a high construction cost; at the other extreme are species with an opposite phenotype. Thus, we propose this approach represents a significant advance in quantifying ecological strategies for fungi using network information.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Aguilar-Trigueros
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Altensteinstraße 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - L Boddy
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, CF10 3AX, Cardiff, UK
| | - M C Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Altensteinstraße 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - M D Fricker
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB, Oxford, UK
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7
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Abu Bakar N, Lau Yii Chung B, Smykla J, Karsani SA, Alias SA. Protein homeostasis, regulation of energy production and activation of DNA damage-repair pathways are involved in the heat stress response of Pseudogymnoascus spp. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:1849-1864. [PMID: 34528369 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteome changes can be used as an instrument to measure the effects of climate change, predict the possible future state of an ecosystem and the direction in which is headed. In this study, proteomic and GO functional enrichment analysis of six Pseudogymnoascus spp. isolated from various global biogeographical regions were carried out to determine their response to heat stress. In total, 2,122 proteins were identified with high confidence. Comparative quantitative analysis showed that changes in proteome profiles varied greatly between isolates from different biogeographical regions. Although the identities of the proteins that changed varied between the different regions, the functions they governed were similar. Gene Ontology analysis showed enrichment of proteins involved in multiple protective mechanisms, including the modulation of protein homeostasis, regulation of energy production, and activation of DNA damage and repair pathways. Our proteomic analysis did not show any clear relationship between protein changes and the strains' biogeographical origins. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurlizah Abu Bakar
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, C308, Institute of Advanced Studies Building, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,National Antarctic Research Centre, B303, Institute of Advanced Studies Building, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Benjamin Lau Yii Chung
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jerzy Smykla
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aisyah Alias
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, C308, Institute of Advanced Studies Building, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,National Antarctic Research Centre, B303, Institute of Advanced Studies Building, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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8
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Meyer S, Kundel D, Birkhofer K, Fliessbach A, Scheu S. Soil microarthropods respond differently to simulated drought in organic and conventional farming systems. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10369-10380. [PMID: 34367581 PMCID: PMC8328414 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In Central Europe, summer droughts are increasing in frequency which threatens production and biodiversity in agroecosystems. The potential of different farming systems to mitigate detrimental drought effects on soil animals is largely unknown. We investigated the effects of simulated drought on the abundance and community composition of soil microarthropods (Collembola and Oribatida and Meso-, Pro-, and Astigmata) in winter wheat fields under long-term conventional and organic farming in the DOK trial, Switzerland. We simulated drought by excluding 65% of the ambient precipitation during the wheat-growing season from March to June 2017. The abundance of Collembola and Oribatida declined more consistently in conventionally managed fields compared to organically managed fields under simulated drought. The abundance of Collembola as well as Meso-, Pro- and Astigmata, but not the abundance of Oribatida, increased in deeper soil layers due to simulated drought, suggesting vertical migration as a drought avoidance strategy. The species composition of Oribatida communities, but not of Collembola communities, differed significantly between drought treatments and between farming systems. Soil carbon content was a major factor structuring Oribatida communities. Our results suggest that organic farming buffers negative effects of drought on soil microarthropods, presumably due to higher soil carbon content and associated higher soil moisture and improved soil structure. This potential of organic farming systems to mitigate consequences of future droughts on soil biodiversity is promising and needs further exploration across larger climatic and spatial scales and should be extended to other groups of soil biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Meyer
- Animal EcologyJ.F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Dominika Kundel
- EcologyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Department of Soil SciencesResearch Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL)FrickSwitzerland
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of EcologyBrandenburg University of TechnologyCottbusGermany
| | - Andreas Fliessbach
- Department of Soil SciencesResearch Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL)FrickSwitzerland
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Animal EcologyJ.F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land UseUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
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9
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Abu Bakar N, Karsani SA, Alias SA. Fungal survival under temperature stress: a proteomic perspective. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10423. [PMID: 33362961 PMCID: PMC7747687 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increases in knowledge of climate change generally, and its impact on agricultural industries specifically, have led to a greater research effort aimed at improving understanding of the role of fungi in various fields. Fungi play a key role in soil ecosystems as the primary agent of decomposition, recycling of organic nutrients. Fungi also include important pathogens of plants, insects, bacteria, domestic animals and humans, thus highlighting their importance in many contexts. Temperature directly affects fungal growth and protein dynamics, which ultimately will cascade through to affect crop performance. To study changes in the global protein complement of fungi, proteomic approaches have been used to examine links between temperature stress and fungal proteomic profiles. SURVEY METHODOLOGY AND OBJECTIVES A traditional rather than a systematic review approach was taken to focus on fungal responses to temperature stress elucidated using proteomic approaches. The effects of temperature stress on fungal metabolic pathways and, in particular, heat shock proteins (HSPs) are discussed. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the effects of temperature stress on fungal proteomes. CONCLUDING REMARKS Elucidating fungal proteomic response under temperature stress is useful in the context of increasing understanding of fungal sensitivity and resilience to the challenges posed by contemporary climate change processes. Although useful, a more thorough work is needed such as combining data from multiple -omics platforms in order to develop deeper understanding of the factor influencing and controlling cell physiology. This information can be beneficial to identify potential biomarkers for monitoring environmental changes in soil, including the agricultural ecosystems vital to human society and economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurlizah Abu Bakar
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- National Antarctic Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aisyah Alias
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- National Antarctic Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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10
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Ankrom KE, Franco ALC, Fonte SJ, Gherardi LA, de Tomasel CM, Andriuzzi WS, Shaw EA, Sala OE, Wall DH. Ecto- and endoparasitic nematodes respond differently across sites to changes in precipitation. Oecologia 2020; 193:761-771. [PMID: 32656605 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes are among the greatest consumers of primary production in terrestrial ecosystems. Their feeding strategies can be divided into endoparasites and ectoparasites that differ substantially, not only in their damage potential to host tissue and primary production, but also in their susceptibility to environmental changes. Climate change is predicted to increase variability of precipitation in many systems, yet the effects on belowground biodiversity and associated impacts on primary productivity remain poorly understood. To examine the impact of altered precipitation on endo- and ectoparasitic soil nematodes, we conducted a 2-year precipitation manipulation study across an arid, a semiarid, and a mesic grassland. Plant parasite feeding type abundance, functional guilds, and herbivory index in response to precipitation were evaluated. Responses of endo- and ectoparasites to increased precipitation varied by grassland type. There was little response of ectoparasites to increased precipitation although their population declined at the mesic site with increased precipitation. The abundance of endoparasites remained unchanged with increasing precipitation at the arid site, increased at the semiarid, and decreased at the mesic site. The herbivory index followed closely the trends seen in the endoparasites response by stagnating at the arid site, increasing at the semiarid, and decreasing at the mesic site. Our findings suggest that altered precipitation has differing effects on plant parasite feeding strategies as well as functional guilds. This may have important implications for grassland productivity, as plant parasite pressure may exacerbate the effects of climate change on host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine E Ankrom
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Biology, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - André L C Franco
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Biology, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Steven J Fonte
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Laureano A Gherardi
- School of Life Sciences and Global Drylands Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | | | - Walter S Andriuzzi
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Biology, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - E Ashley Shaw
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Biology, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Osvaldo E Sala
- School of Life Sciences, School of Sustainability and Global Drylands Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Diana H Wall
- Department of Biology and School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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11
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Garcia MO, Templer PH, Sorensen PO, Sanders-DeMott R, Groffman PM, Bhatnagar JM. Soil Microbes Trade-Off Biogeochemical Cycling for Stress Tolerance Traits in Response to Year-Round Climate Change. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:616. [PMID: 32477275 PMCID: PMC7238748 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Winter air temperatures are rising faster than summer air temperatures in high-latitude forests, increasing the frequency of soil freeze/thaw events in winter. To determine how climate warming and soil freeze/thaw cycles affect soil microbial communities and the ecosystem processes they drive, we leveraged the Climate Change across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in the northeastern United States, where replicate field plots receive one of three climate treatments: warming (+5°C above ambient in the growing season), warming in the growing season + winter freeze/thaw cycles (+5°C above ambient +4 freeze/thaw cycles during winter), and no treatment. Soil samples were taken from plots at six time points throughout the growing season and subjected to amplicon (rDNA) and metagenome sequencing. We found that soil fungal and bacterial community composition were affected by changes in soil temperature, where the taxonomic composition of microbial communities shifted more with the combination of growing-season warming and increased frequency of soil freeze/thaw cycles in winter than with warming alone. Warming increased the relative abundance of brown rot fungi and plant pathogens but decreased that of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, all of which recovered under combined growing-season warming and soil freeze/thaw cycles in winter. The abundance of animal parasites increased significantly under combined warming and freeze/thaw cycles. We also found that warming and soil freeze/thaw cycles suppressed bacterial taxa with the genetic potential for carbon (i.e., cellulose) decomposition and soil nitrogen cycling, such as N fixation and the final steps of denitrification. These new soil communities had higher genetic capacity for stress tolerance and lower genetic capacity to grow or reproduce, relative to the communities exposed to warming in the growing season alone. Our observations suggest that initial suppression of biogeochemical cycling with year-round climate change may be linked to the emergence of taxa that trade-off growth for stress tolerance traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria O. Garcia
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Patrick O. Sorensen
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca Sanders-DeMott
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Peter M. Groffman
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, United States
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12
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Roos RE, Birkemoe T, Asplund J, Ľuptáčik P, Raschmanová N, Alatalo JM, Olsen SL, Klanderud K. Legacy effects of experimental environmental change on soil micro‐arthropod communities. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Erik Roos
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 Ås1432Norway
| | - Tone Birkemoe
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 Ås1432Norway
| | - Johan Asplund
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 Ås1432Norway
| | - Peter Ľuptáčik
- Institute of Biology and Ecology Faculty of Science Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Košice Slovakia
| | - Natália Raschmanová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology Faculty of Science Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Košice Slovakia
| | - Juha M. Alatalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences College of Arts and Sciences Qatar University P.O. Box 2713 Doha Qatar
- Environmental Science Center Qatar University P.O. Box 2713 Doha Qatar
| | - Siri Lie Olsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Gaustadalléen 21 Oslo0349Norway
| | - Kari Klanderud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 Ås1432Norway
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13
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Portela MB, Rodrigues EI, de Sousa Rodrigues Filho CADSR, Rezende CF, de Oliveira TSD. Do ecological corridors increase the abundance of soil fauna? ECOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2019.1690933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliesé Idalino Rodrigues
- Department of Biology, Center for Education Open and Distance, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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Melguizo-Ruiz N, Jiménez-Navarro G, De Mas E, Pato J, Scheu S, Austin AT, Wise DH, Moya-Laraño J. Field exclusion of large soil predators impacts lower trophic levels and decreases leaf-litter decomposition in dry forests. J Anim Ecol 2019; 89:334-346. [PMID: 31494934 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Shifts in densities of apex predators may indirectly affect fundamental ecosystem processes, such as decomposition, by altering patterns of cascading effects propagating through lower trophic levels. These top-down effects may interact with anthropogenic impacts, such as climate change, in largely unknown ways. We investigated how changes in densities of large predatory arthropods in forest leaf-litter communities altered lower trophic levels and litter decomposition. We conducted our experiment in soil communities that had experienced different levels of long-term average precipitation. We hypothesized that altering abundances of apex predators would have stronger effects on soil communities inhabiting dry forests, due to lower secondary productivity and greater resource overexploitation by lower trophic levels compared to wet forests. We experimentally manipulated abundances of the largest arthropod predators (apex predators) in field mesocosms replicated in the leaf-litter community of Iberian beech forests that differed in long-term mean annual precipitation by 25% (three dry forests with MAP < 1,250 mm and four wet forests with MAP > 1,400 mm). After one year, we assessed abundances of soil fauna in lower trophic levels and indirect impacts on leaf-litter decomposition using litter of understorey hazel, Corylus avellana. Reducing densities of large predators had a consistently negative effect on final abundances of the different trophic groups and several taxa within each group. Moreover, large predatory arthropods strongly impacted litter decomposition, and their effect interacted with the long-term annual rainfall experienced by the soil community. In the dry forests, a 50% reduction in the densities of apex predators was associated with a 50% reduction in decomposition. In wet forests, the same reduction in densities of apex soil predators did not alter the rate of litter decomposition. Our results suggest that predators may facilitate lower trophic levels by indirectly reducing competition and resource overexploitation, cascading effects that may be more pronounced in drier forests where conditions have selected for greater competitive ability and more rapid resource utilization. These findings thus provide insights into the functioning of soil invertebrate communities and their role in decomposition, as well as potential consequences of soil community responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nereida Melguizo-Ruiz
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Almería, Spain.,Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO/CSIC/PA), Oviedo University, Mieres, Spain.,CIBIO/InBio Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Évora, Portugal
| | - Gerardo Jiménez-Navarro
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Almería, Spain.,CIBIO/InBio Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Évora, Portugal
| | - Eva De Mas
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Almería, Spain
| | - Joaquina Pato
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO/CSIC/PA), Oviedo University, Mieres, Spain
| | - Stefan Scheu
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Animal Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amy T Austin
- Facultad de Agronomía, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David H Wise
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jordi Moya-Laraño
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Almería, Spain
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15
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Wise DH, Lensing JR. Impacts of rainfall extremes predicted by climate-change models on major trophic groups in the leaf litter arthropod community. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1486-1497. [PMID: 31211860 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Arthropods in the leaf litter layer of forest soils influence ecosystem processes such as decomposition. Climate-change models predict both increases and decreases in average rainfall. Increased drought may have greater impacts on the litter arthropod community. In addition to affecting survival or behaviour of desiccation-sensitive species, lower rainfall may indirectly lower abundances of consumers that graze drought-stressed fungi, with repercussions for higher trophic levels. We tested the hypothesis that trophic structure will differ between the two rainfall scenarios. In particular, we hypothesized that densities of several broadly defined trophic groupings of arthropods would be lower under reduced rainfall. To test this hypothesis, we used sprinklers to impose two rainfall treatments during three growing seasons in roofed, fenced 14-m2 plots and documented changes in abundance from initial, pre-treatment densities of 39 arthropod taxa. Experimental plots were subjected to either LOW (fortnightly) or HIGH (weekly) average rainfall based upon climate models and the previous 100 years of regional weekly averages. Unroofed open plots, our reference treatment (REF), experienced higher than average rainfall during the experiment. The two rainfall extremes produced clear negative effects of lowered rainfall on major trophic groups. Broad categories of fungivores, detritivores and predators were more abundant in HIGH than LOW plots by the final year. Springtails (Collembola), which graze fungal hyphae, were 3× more abundant in the HIGH rainfall treatment. Taxa of larger-bodied fungivores and detritivores, spiders (Araneae), and non-spider predators were 2× more abundant under HIGH rainfall. Densities of mites (Acari), which include fungivores, detritivores and predators, were 1.5× greater in HIGH rainfall plots. Abundances and community structure of arthropods were similar in REF and experimental plots, showing that effects of rainfall uncovered in the experiment are applicable to nature. This pattern suggests that changes in rainfall will alter bottom-up control processes in a critical detritus-based food web of deciduous forests. Our results, in conjunction with other findings on the impact of desiccation on arthropods and fungal growth, suggest that drier conditions will depress densities of fungal consumers, causing declines in higher trophic levels, with possible impacts on soil processes and the larger forest food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Wise
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Janet R Lensing
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Torode MD, Barnett KL, Facey SL, Nielsen UN, Power SA, Johnson SN. Altered Precipitation Impacts on Above- and Below-Ground Grassland Invertebrates: Summer Drought Leads to Outbreaks in Spring. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1468. [PMID: 27766101 PMCID: PMC5052266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to result in altered precipitation patterns, which may reshape many grassland ecosystems. Rainfall is expected to change in a number of different ways, ranging from periods of prolonged drought to extreme precipitation events, yet there are few community wide studies to accurately simulate future changes. We aimed to test how above- and below-ground grassland invertebrate populations were affected by contrasting future rainfall scenarios. We subjected a grassland community to potential future rainfall scenarios including ambient, increased amount (+50% of ambient), reduced amount (-50% of ambient), reduced frequency (no water for 21 days, followed by the total ambient rainfall applied in a single application) and summer drought (no rainfall for 13 weeks during the growing season). During Austral spring (September 2015), we sampled aboveground invertebrates, belowground macro invertebrates and nematodes. Aboveground communities showed a significant response to altered rainfall regime with the greatest effects observed in summer drought plots. This was mostly due to a large increase in sucking herbivores (658% higher than ambient plots). Plots experiencing summer droughts also had higher populations of parasitoids, chewing herbivores and detritivores. These plots had 92% more plant biomass suggesting that primary productivity increased rapidly following the end of the summer drought 5 months earlier. We interpret these results as supporting the plant vigor hypothesis (i.e., that rapid plant growth is beneficial to aboveground invertebrates). While belowground invertebrates were less responsive to altered precipitation, we observed a number of correlations between the abundances of above- and below-ground invertebrate groups under ambient rainfall that dissipated under altered rainfall regimes. Mechanisms underpinning these associations, and reasons for them to become decoupled under altered precipitation regimes (we term this 'climatic decoupling'), remain speculative, but they provide the basis for formulating hypotheses and future work. In conclusion, we predict that shifts in rainfall patterns, especially summer drought, will likely have large, but probably short-term, impacts on grassland invertebrate communities. In particular, sucking herbivores show sensitivity to precipitation changes, which have the potential to cascade through the food chain and affect higher trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel D. Torode
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiff, UK
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, RichmondNSW, Australia
| | - Kirk L. Barnett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, RichmondNSW, Australia
| | - Sarah L. Facey
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, RichmondNSW, Australia
| | - Uffe N. Nielsen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, RichmondNSW, Australia
| | - Sally A. Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, RichmondNSW, Australia
| | - Scott N. Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, RichmondNSW, Australia
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17
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Lin WR, Wang PH, Chen WC, Lai CM, Winder RS. Responses of Soil Fungal Populations and Communities to the Thinning of Cryptomeria Japonica Forests. Microbes Environ 2016; 31:19-26. [PMID: 26903369 PMCID: PMC4791111 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me15127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Forest management activities, such as tree thinning, alter forest ecology, including key components of forest ecosystems, including fungal communities. In the present study, we investigate the effects of forest thinning intensity on the populations and structures of fungal soil communities in the Cryptomeria japonica forests of central Taiwan as well as the dynamics of soil fungi communities in these forests after a thinning disturbance. Although the populations of soil fungi significantly increased in the first 6 months after thinning, these increases had subsided by 9 months. This pulse was attributed to a transient increase in the populations of rapid colonizers. A multiple regression analysis positively correlated fungal populations with organic matter content and cellulase activity. Thinning initially provided large amounts of fresh leaves and roots as nutrient-rich substrates for soil fungi. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles indicated that soil fungal communities significantly differed among plots with 0% (control), 25%, and 50% tree thinning in the first 21 months post-thinning, with no significant differences being observed after 21 months. The fungal communities of these forest soils also changed with the seasons, and an interactive relationship was detected between seasons and treatments. Seasonal variations in fungal communities were the most pronounced after 50% tree thinning. The results of the present study demonstrate that the soil fungi of Taiwanese C. japonica forests are very sensitive to thinning disturbances, but recover stability after a relatively short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Rou Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, Tunghai UniversityNo. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40704Taiwan
| | - Pi-Han Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Tunghai UniversityNo. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40704Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Tunghai UniversityNo. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40704Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ming Lai
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan UniversityNo. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
| | - Richard Scott Winder
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 1M5Canada
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Classen AT, Sundqvist MK, Henning JA, Newman GS, Moore JAM, Cregger MA, Moorhead LC, Patterson CM. Direct and indirect effects of climate change on soil microbial and soil microbial-plant interactions: What lies ahead? Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es15-00217.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Büntgen U, Egli S, Galván JD, Diez JM, Aldea J, Latorre J, Martínez-Peña F. Drought-induced changes in the phenology, productivity and diversity of Spanish fungi. FUNGAL ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Fukasawa Y, Takahashi K, Arikawa T, Hattori T, Maekawa N. Fungal wood decomposer activities influence community structures of myxomycetes and bryophytes on coarse woody debris. FUNGAL ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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