1
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Salinero-Fort M, Mostaza-Prieto JM, Lahoz-Rallo C, Cárdenas-Valladolid J, Iriarte-Campo V, Estirado-Decabo E, Garcia-Iglesias F, Gonzalez-Alegre T, Fernandez-Puntero B, Cornejo-Del Rio VM, Sanchez-Arroyo V, Sabín-Rodríguez C, López-López S, Gómez-Campelo P, Taulero-Escalera B, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, San Andrés-Rebollo FJ, De Burgos-Lunar C. External validation of three diabetes prediction scores in a Spanish cohort: does adding high risk for depression improve the validation of the FINDRISC score (FINDRISC-MOOD)? BMJ Open 2024; 14:e083121. [PMID: 38844393 PMCID: PMC11163630 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the external validity of the FINDRISC, DESIR and ADA risk scores for the prediction of diabetes in a Spanish population aged >45 years and to test the possible improvement of FINDRISC by adding a new variable of high risk of depression when Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) questionnaire score ≥10 (FINDRISC-MOOD). DESIGN Prospective population-based cohort study. SETTING 10 primary healthcare centres in the north of the city of Madrid (Spain). PARTICIPANTS A total of 1242 participants without a history of diabetes and with 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) plasma glucose <200 mg/dL (<11.1 mmol/L) were followed up for 7.3 years (median) using their electronic health records (EHRs) and telephone contact. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Diabetes risk scores (FINDRISC, DESIR, ADA), PHQ-9 questionnaire and 2-hour-OGTT were measured at baseline. Incident diabetes was defined as treatment for diabetes, fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL (≥7.0 mmol/L), new EHR diagnosis or self-reported diagnosis. External validation was performed according to optimal cut-off, sensitivity, specificity and Youden Index. Comparison between diabetes risk scores, including FINDRISC-MOOD (original FINDRISC score plus five points if PHQ-9 ≥10), was measured by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). RESULTS During follow-up, 104 (8.4%; 95% CI, 6.8 to 9.9) participants developed diabetes and 185 had a PHQ-9 score ≥10. The AUROC values were 0.70 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.72) for FINDRISC-MOOD and 0.68 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.71) for the original FINDRISC. The AUROCs for DESIR and ADA were 0.66 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.68) and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.69), respectively. There were no significant differences in AUROC between FINDRISC-MOOD and the other scores. CONCLUSIONS The results of FINDRISC-MOOD were like those of the other risk scores and do not allow it to be recommended for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Salinero-Fort
- FIIBAP, Madrid, Spain
- Frailty, patterns of multimorbidity and mortality in the community-dwelling elderly population, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan Cárdenas-Valladolid
- Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria, Comunidad de Madrid Servicio Madrileno de Salud, Madrid, Spain
- Enfermería, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Villanueva de la Canada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paloma Gómez-Campelo
- Fundación de Investigación, La Paz University Hospital Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belen Taulero-Escalera
- Foundation for Research and Biomedical Innovation of Primary Care of the Community of Madrid (FIIBAP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Plans-Beriso E, Gullon P, Fontan-Vela M, Franco M, Perez-Gomez B, Pollan M, Cura-Gonzalez I, Bilal U. Modifying effect of urban parks on socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes prevalence: a cross-sectional population study of Madrid City, Spain. J Epidemiol Community Health 2024; 78:360-366. [PMID: 38453450 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-221198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence has shown contradicting results on how the density of urban green spaces may reduce socioeconomic inequalities in type 2 diabetes (equigenic hypothesis). The aim of this study is to test whether socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes prevalence are modified by park density. METHODS We designed a population-wide cross-sectional study of all adults registered in the primary healthcare centres in the city of Madrid, Spain (n=1 305 050). We obtained georeferenced individual-level data from the Primary Care Electronic Health Records, and census-tract level data on socioeconomic status (SES) and park density. We modelled diabetes prevalence using robust Poisson regression models adjusted by age, country of origin, population density and including an interaction term with park density, stratified by gender. We used this model to estimate the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) at different park density levels. FINDINGS We found an overall RII of 2.90 (95% CI 2.78 to 3.02) and 4.50 (95% CI 4.28 to 4.74) in men and women, respectively, meaning that the prevalence of diabetes was three to four and a half times higher in low SES compared with high SES areas. These inequalities were wider in areas with higher park density for both men and women, with a significant interaction only for women (p=0.008). INTERPRETATION We found an inverse association between SES and diabetes prevalence in both men and women, with wider inequalities in areas with more parks. Future works should study the mechanisms of these findings, to facilitate the understanding of contextual factors that may mitigate diabetes inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Plans-Beriso
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center For Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcala de Henares, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Gullon
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcala de Henares, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Mario Fontan-Vela
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcala de Henares, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Manuel Franco
- Social and Cardiovascular Research Group, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcala de Henares, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Beatriz Perez-Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center For Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Pollan
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center For Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cura-Gonzalez
- Primary Care Research Unit, Madrid Health Service, Madrid, Spain
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Usama Bilal
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Caballero FF, Lana A, Struijk EA, Arias-Fernández L, Yévenes-Briones H, Cárdenas-Valladolid J, Salinero-Fort MÁ, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Lopez-Garcia E. Prospective Association Between Plasma Concentrations of Fatty Acids and Other Lipids, and Multimorbidity in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1763-1770. [PMID: 37156635 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological mechanisms that lead to multimorbidity are mostly unknown, and metabolomic profiles are promising to explain different pathways in the aging process. The aim of this study was to assess the prospective association between plasma fatty acids and other lipids, and multimorbidity in older adults. Data were obtained from the Spanish Seniors-ENRICA 2 cohort, comprising noninstitutionalized adults ≥65 years old. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and after a 2-year follow-up period for a total of 1 488 subjects. Morbidity was also collected at baseline and end of the follow-up from electronic health records. Multimorbidity was defined as a quantitative score, after weighting morbidities (from a list of 60 mutually exclusive chronic conditions) by their regression coefficients on physical functioning. Generalized estimating equation models were employed to assess the longitudinal association between fatty acids and other lipids, and multimorbidity, and stratified analyses by diet quality, measured with the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010, were also conducted. Among study participants, higher concentrations of omega-6 fatty acids [coef. per 1-SD increase (95% CI) = -0.76 (-1.23, -0.30)], phosphoglycerides [-1.26 (-1.77, -0.74)], total cholines [-1.48 (-1.99, -0.96)], phosphatidylcholines [-1.23 (-1.74, -0.71)], and sphingomyelins [-1.65 (-2.12, -1.18)], were associated with lower multimorbidity scores. The strongest associations were observed for those with a higher diet quality. Higher plasma concentrations of omega-6 fatty acids, phosphoglycerides, total cholines, phosphatidylcholines, and sphingomyelins were prospectively associated with lower multimorbidity in older adults, although diet quality could modulate the associations found. These lipids may serve as risk markers for multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Félix Caballero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lana
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo/ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ellen A Struijk
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Humberto Yévenes-Briones
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Cárdenas-Valladolid
- Dirección Técnica de Sistemas de Información. Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Fundación de Investigación e Innovación Biosanitaria de Atención Primaria, Madrid, Spain
- Enfermería, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Salinero-Fort
- Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria, Consejería de Sanidad, Fundación de Investigación e Innovación Sanitaria de Atención Primaria, Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas, Grupo de Envejecimiento y Fragilidad de las personas mayores. IdIPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - José R Banegas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute. CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute. CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Ximénez-Carrillo Á, Zapata-Wainberg G, Sastre R, Álvarez-Pasquín MJ, Javierre AP, Lozano T, Samir E, Perosanz L, González B, Sobrado M, Vivancos J. Detection of hidden atrial fibrillation in primary care using a long-term band-based ECG registration system: The DESCUUBRE-FA study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106642. [PMID: 35863263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether the use of a band-based electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring system improves the diagnostic accuracy of traditional diagnostic methods for the detection of atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS Multicenter and observational study of primary care patients at risk of AF. To be included, patients had to be aged ≥70 years, with no known AF, and have at least 1 major criterion (obesity, hyperthyroidism, heart failure) or 2 minor criteria (hypertension, diabetes, female sex, ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack or systemic embolism, COPD, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, peripheral artery disease). All patients were monitored using the Nuubo™ system for a single 2-week period. RESULTS A total of 600 patients were included (median age 77 years; 70% women; 84.3% hypertension, 27.2% diabetes, 9.2% prior stroke). The global rate of diagnosis of new AF in the overall population was 2.83%. All patients with AF were anticoagulated. In numerical terms, patients with AF (vs no AF) had a higher number of supraventricular extrasystoles and episodes of supraventricular tachycardia, as well as longer P wave duration; however, these differences did not reach statistical significance. Overall, participants were very satisfied with the device, and no relevant limitations in daily activities were observed during the 2-week study period. CONCLUSIONS In an elderly population at risk of AF, a band-based ECG monitoring approach applied for only 2 weeks detected approximately 3% of new cases of AF, leading to a change in antithrombotic therapy. Most participants considered the device easy to use and comfortable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Ximénez-Carrillo
- Stroke Center, Neurology Department, La Princesa Health Research Institute, University Hospital La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gustavo Zapata-Wainberg
- Stroke Center, Neurology Department, La Princesa Health Research Institute, University Hospital La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Sastre
- Primary Care University Center Santa Hortensia, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Eva Samir
- Primary Care University Center Canal de Panamá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Perosanz
- Primary Care University Center Ciudad Jardín, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz González
- Stroke Center, Neurology Department, La Princesa Health Research Institute, University Hospital La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Sobrado
- Stroke Center, Neurology Department, La Princesa Health Research Institute, University Hospital La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Vivancos
- Stroke Center, Neurology Department, La Princesa Health Research Institute, University Hospital La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Lara-Morales A, Gandarillas-Grande A, Díaz-Holgado A, Serrano-Gallardo P. Psychosocial factors in adherence to pharmacological treatment and diabetes mellitus control in patients over 65. Aten Primaria 2022; 54:102302. [PMID: 35430460 PMCID: PMC9036116 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2022.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Design Setting and participants Main measurements Results Conclusions
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6
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Salinero-Fort MA, Mostaza J, Lahoz C, Cárdenas-Valladolid J, Vicente-Díez JI, Gómez-Campelo P, de Miguel-Yanes JM. All-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in a Spanish nonagenarian cohort according to type 2 diabetes mellitus status and established cardiovascular disease. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:224. [PMID: 35303825 PMCID: PMC8931574 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the progressive aging of the population in industrialized countries, few studies have focused on the natural history of cardiovascular disease in the very old, and recommendations on prevention of cardiovascular disease in this population are lacking. We aimed to analyze all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events according to prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease in nonagenarians from a Mediterranean population. Methods We analyzed the primary health records of all nonagenarians living in the Community of Madrid (N = 59,423) and collected data for 4 groups: Group 1, individuals without T2DM or established CVD (T2DM-, CVD-); Group 2, individuals without T2DM but with established CVD (T2DM-, CVD +); Group 3, individuals with T2DM but without established CVD (T2DM + , CVD-); and Group 4, individuals with both T2DM and established CVD (T2DM + , CVD +), taking into account the influence of sex on the outcomes. Follow-up was 2.5 years. The primary outcomes were cumulative incidence and incidence density rates for all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke (the first composite primary outcome [CPO1]), combined with heart failure (CPO2). We evaluated the adjusted effect of each group on all-cause mortality (Cox regression). Results Mean age was 93.3 ± 2.8 years (74.2% women). Hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart failure, albuminuria, and estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were significantly more prevalent in G4 than in the other groups (all p values < 0.001). We observed significantly higher cumulative incidence rates for all-cause mortality, CPO1, and CPO2 in participants belonging to G4 (all p values ≤ 0.001). People in G2 presented higher rates of all-cause mortality, heart failure, CPO1, and CPO2 than people in G3 (all p values ≤ 0.001). In the fully adjusted model, G4 independently predicted all-cause mortality (HR = 1.48 [95% CI, 1.40 to 1.57] vs reference G1 [p < 0.01]). In addition, significant HRs were recorded for cardiovascular disease alone (G2) and type 2 diabetes mellitus alone (G3) (1.13 and 1.14, respectively; both p values < 0.01). Conclusions In Spanish nonagenarians, established cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus conferred a modest risk of all-cause mortality. However, the simultaneous presence of both conditions conferred the highest risk of all-cause mortality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-02893-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Salinero-Fort
- Fundación de Investigación e Innovación Biosanitaria de Atención Primaria, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdIPAZ, Madrid, Spain. .,Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain. .,Subdirección General de Investigación y Documentación, Consejería de Sanidad, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Mostaza
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdIPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Cantoblanco-Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Lahoz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdIPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Cantoblanco-Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Cárdenas-Valladolid
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdIPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación de Investigación e Innovación Biosanitaria de Atención Primaria, Sistemas de Información, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain
| | - J I Vicente-Díez
- Centro de Salud Monóvar, Comunidad de Madrid Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Gómez-Campelo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdIPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M de Miguel-Yanes
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
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7
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Delgado-Velandia M, Gonzalez-Marrachelli V, Domingo-Relloso A, Galvez-Fernandez M, Grau-Perez M, Olmedo P, Galan I, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Amigo N, Briongos-Figuero L, Redon J, Martin-Escudero JC, Monleon-Salvado D, Tellez-Plaza M, Sotos-Prieto M. Healthy lifestyle, metabolomics and incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based cohort from Spain. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:8. [PMID: 35086546 PMCID: PMC8793258 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The contribution of metabolomic factors to the association of healthy lifestyle with type 2 diabetes risk is unknown. We assessed the association of a composite measure of lifestyle with plasma metabolite profiles and incident type 2 diabetes, and whether relevant metabolites can explain the prospective association between healthy lifestyle and incident type 2 diabetes. Methods A Healthy Lifestyle Score (HLS) (5-point scale including diet, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption and BMI) was estimated in 1016 Hortega Study participants, who had targeted plasma metabolomic determinations at baseline examination in 2001–2003, and were followed-up to 2015 to ascertain incident type 2 diabetes. Results The HLS was cross-sectionally associated with 32 (out of 49) plasma metabolites (2.5% false discovery rate). In the subset of 830 participants without prevalent type 2 diabetes, the rate ratio (RR) and rate difference (RD) of incident type 2 diabetes (n cases = 51) per one-point increase in HLS was, respectively, 0.69 (95% CI, 0.51, 0.93), and − 8.23 (95% CI, − 16.34, − 0.13)/10,000 person-years. In single-metabolite models, most of the HLS-related metabolites were prospectively associated with incident type 2 diabetes. In probit Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression, these prospective associations were mostly driven by medium HDL particle concentration and phenylpropionate, followed by small LDL particle concentration, which jointly accounted for ~ 50% of the HLS-related decrease in incident type 2 diabetes. Conclusions The HLS showed a strong inverse association with incident type 2 diabetes, which was largely explained by plasma metabolites measured years before the clinical diagnosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-021-01219-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Delgado-Velandia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vannina Gonzalez-Marrachelli
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic de Valencia INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arce Domingo-Relloso
- Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institutes, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Galvez-Fernandez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain.,Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institutes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Grau-Perez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic de Valencia INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Olmedo
- Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic de Valencia INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology. School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Iñaki Galan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Amigo
- Biosfer Teslab, Av. Universitat, 1 43204, Reus, Spain.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBERDEM (CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Josep Redon
- Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic de Valencia INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Monleon-Salvado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic de Valencia INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain. .,CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain. .,Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic de Valencia INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain. .,Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institutes, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Sotos-Prieto
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Bonilla-Escobar BA, Borrell LN, Del Cura-González I, Sánchez-Perruca L, Escortell-Mayor E, Franco M. Type 2 diabetes prevalence among Andean immigrants and natives in a Southern European City. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:1065-1072. [PMID: 32253608 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Inequalities in diabetes prevalence among immigrants from Andean countries remain unknown. Andean populations are one of the largest groups of immigrants in Madrid city. We examined the association between country of birth and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence in Andean immigrant population relative to Spanish-natives; and whether this association varied by age, sex and length of residence. METHODS We analyzed 1,258,931 electronic medical records from Spanish native and Andean immigrant adults aged 40-75 years of Madrid city. We used logistic regression and test interaction terms to address our aims. RESULTS Andean immigrants showed 1.13 (95% CI 1.10-1.17) greater adjusted odds for T2DM than Spanish natives. This association was positive in Ecuadorians and Bolivians but protective in Peruvians and Colombians. There was heterogeneity of this association according to age and sex. Relative to Spanish natives, odds of T2DM in Andeans of all ages and women were higher but lower in men. CONCLUSION Andean adults showed greater odds of T2DM compared with Spanish native adults in Madrid, with variation observed by age and sex. These findings emphasize the need for studying immigrant populations in a disaggregated manner to implement specific clinical and preventive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertha Angelica Bonilla-Escobar
- Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa N Borrell
- Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, 55 West 125th Street, 530, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Isabel Del Cura-González
- Research Unit, Assistance Office for Primary Care, Health Services of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez-Perruca
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Information Technology Systems, Assistance Office for Primary Care, Health Services of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Escortell-Mayor
- Research Unit, Assistance Office for Primary Care, Health Services of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Franco
- Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, 55 West 125th Street, 530, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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9
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McBrien KA, Souri S, Symonds NE, Rouhi A, Lethebe BC, Williamson TS, Garies S, Birtwhistle R, Quan H, Fabreau GE, Ronksley PE. Identification of validated case definitions for medical conditions used in primary care electronic medical record databases: a systematic review. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2019; 25:1567-1578. [PMID: 30137498 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocy094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Data derived from primary care electronic medical records (EMRs) are being used for research and surveillance. Case definitions are required to identify patients with specific conditions in EMR data with a degree of accuracy. The purpose of this study is to identify and provide a summary of case definitions that have been validated in primary care EMR data. Materials and Methods We searched MEDLINE and Embase (from inception to June 2016) to identify studies that describe case definitions for clinical conditions in EMR data and report on the performance metrics of these definitions. Results We identified 40 studies reporting on case definitions for 47 unique clinical conditions. The studies used combinations of International Classification of Disease version 9 (ICD-9) codes, Read codes, laboratory values, and medications in their algorithms. The most common validation metric reported was positive predictive value, with inconsistent reporting of sensitivity and specificity. Discussion This review describes validated case definitions derived in primary care EMR data, which can be used to understand disease patterns and prevalence among primary care populations. Limitations include incomplete reporting of performance metrics and uncertainty regarding performance of case definitions across different EMR databases and countries. Conclusion Our review found a significant number of validated case definitions with good performance for use in primary care EMR data. These could be applied to other EMR databases in similar contexts and may enable better disease surveillance when using clinical EMR data. Consistent reporting across validation studies using EMR data would facilitate comparison across studies. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42016040020 (submitted June 8, 2016, and last revised June 14, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A McBrien
- Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sepideh Souri
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Nicola E Symonds
- Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Azin Rouhi
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Brendan C Lethebe
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Tyler S Williamson
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Stephanie Garies
- Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Richard Birtwhistle
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Hude Quan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Gabriel E Fabreau
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Paul E Ronksley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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10
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Salinero-Fort MA, Mostaza-Prieto JM, Lahoz-Rallo C, Vicente Díez JI, Cárdenas-Valladolid J. Population-based cross-sectional study of 11 645 Spanish nonagenarians with type 2 diabetes mellitus: cardiovascular profile, cardiovascular preventive therapies, achievement goals and sex differences. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030344. [PMID: 31542750 PMCID: PMC6756452 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the risk profile, achievement of cardiometabolic goals, and frequency and optimal use of cardiovascular preventive therapies among nonagenarians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To investigate possible sex differences. DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional population study of 11 645 persons aged ≥90 years with T2DM living in Madrid (Spain). Sociodemographic, clinical and therapy profiles were collected through electronic records in primary care. We considered antihypertensive therapy and lipid-lowering therapy to be optimal when known patients with hypertension with albuminuria received renin-angiotensin system blockers and statins had been prescribed for overt cardiovascular disease. RESULTS The prevalence of coronary artery disease was higher in males than in females (21.5% vs 12.6%, p<0.01), as was that of peripheral artery disease (8.5% vs 2.3%, p<0.01). However, the prevalence of cerebrovascular disease was similar in both sexes (16.5% vs 16%; p=0.44). Haemoglobin A1c was lower than 7% in 64.4% of cases, with female predominance in patients with known dementia (67.1% female vs 59.9% male; p<0.01). Antiplatelet therapy was significantly more frequent in males than in females (48.1% vs 44.3%; p<0.01), as were statins (43.2% vs 40.2%; p<0.01). Both in primary and in secondary prevention, rates for simultaneous achievement of the HbA1c, blood pressure, LDL-C goals were significantly lower among females (p<0.01). For each criterion of optimal use of cardiovascular preventive therapies, adherence was significantly better in males than in females. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the risk of cerebrovascular disease was similar in both male and female Spanish nonagenarians. Adherence was poorer in females for all criteria of optimal use of cardiovascular preventive therapies. Our findings indicate that the known sex differences in younger patients with T2DM persist in patients aged ≥90 years. There is considerable room for improvement in standards of preventive care in nonagenarians with T2DM, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Salinero-Fort
- Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria, Consejería de Sanidad, Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Envejecimiento y Fragilidad de las personas mayores, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdIPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación de Investigación e Innovación Biosanitaria de Atención Primaria, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Juan Cárdenas-Valladolid
- Fundación de Investigación e Innovación Biosanitaria de Atención Primaria, Madrid, Spain
- Dirección Técnica de Sistemas de Información. Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria, Comunidad de Madrid Servicio Madrileno de Salud, Madrid, Spain
- Enfermería, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Villanueva de la Canada, Spain
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11
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Clèries M, Monterde D, Vela E, Guarga À, García Eroles L, Pérez Sust P. [Clinical validation of 2 morbidity groups in the primary care setting]. Aten Primaria 2019; 52:96-103. [PMID: 30765102 PMCID: PMC7025994 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adjusted Morbidity Groups (GMAs) and the Clinical Risk Groups (CRGs) are population morbidity based stratification tools which classify patients into mutually exclusive categories. OBJETIVE To compare the stratification provided by the GMAs, CRGs and that carried out by the evaluators according to the levels of complexity. DESIGN Random sample stratified by morbidity risk. LOCATION Catalonia. PARTICIPANTS Forty paired general practitioners in the primary care, matched pairs. INTERVENTIONS Each pair of evaluators had to review 25 clinical records. MAIN OUTPUTS The concordance by evaluators, and between the evaluators and the results obtained by the 2 morbidity tools were evaluated according to the kappa index, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predicted values. RESULTS The concordance between general practitioners pairs was around the kappa value 0.75 (mean value=0.67), between the GMA and the evaluators was similar (mean value=0.63), and higher than for the CRG (mean value=0.35). The general practitioners gave a score of 7.5 over 10 to both tools, although for the most complex strata, according to the professionals' assignment, the GMA obtained better scores than the CRGs. The professionals preferred the GMAs over the CRGs. These differences increased with the complexity level of the patients according to clinical criteria. Overall, less than 2% of serious classification errors were found by both groupers. CONCLUSION The evaluators considered that both grouping systems classified the studied population satisfactorily, although the GMAs showed a better performance for more complex strata. In addition, the clinical raters preferred the GMAs in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Clèries
- Unidad de Información y Conocimiento, Servicio Catalán de la Salud, Departamento de Salud de la Generalidad de Cataluña, Barcelona, España.
| | - David Monterde
- Oficina de Estadística, Sistemas de Información, Instituto Catalán de la Salud, Departamento de Salud de la Generalidad de Cataluña, Barcelona, España
| | - Emili Vela
- Unidad de Información y Conocimiento, Servicio Catalán de la Salud, Departamento de Salud de la Generalidad de Cataluña, Barcelona, España
| | - Àlex Guarga
- Área de Atención Sanitaria, Servicio Catalán de la Salud, Departamento de Salud de la Generalidad de Cataluña, Barcelona, España
| | - Luis García Eroles
- Gerente de Sistemas de Información, Servicio Catalán de la Salud, Departamento de Salud de la Generalidad de Cataluña, Barcelona, España
| | - Pol Pérez Sust
- Coordinador general de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación, Departamento de Salud de la Generalidad de Cataluña, Barcelona, España
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12
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Mostaza JM, Lahoz C, Salinero-Fort MA, Cardenas J. Cardiovascular disease in nonagenarians: Prevalence and utilization of preventive therapies. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 26:356-364. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487318813723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Aims Nonagenarians are a fast growing segment of industrialized countries' populations. Despite a greater risk of cardiovascular disease, there are limited data about their use of preventive therapies and factors guiding decisions regarding their prescription. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and the patterns of use of cardiovascular treatments in subjects ≥90 years old. Methods Population-based, cross-sectional study, in all nonagenarians residing in the Community of Madrid (Spain). Data were obtained from their electronic clinical records in primary care. Results Data were available from 59,423 subjects (mean age 93.3 years, 74.2% female, 13.5% with dementia). Prevalence of cardiovascular disease was 24.1% (10.9% with coronary artery disease (CAD), 13.1% with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and 2.7% with peripheral artery disease(PAD)). In primary prevention, the use of statins and antiplatelet agents was 21.9% and 26.7%, respectively. Of subjects with vascular disease 27.7% were receiving a combined preventive strategy (use of antithrombotics, plus statins, plus blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg). Factors favourably associated with a combined preventive strategy were: female sex (odds ratio (OR) 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.49), being independent versus totally dependent (OR 1.94; 95% CI: 1.43–2.65), diabetes (OR 1.42; 95% CI: 1.20–1.68), and negatively, age (OR 0.87; 95% CI: 0.85–0.90), CVD versus CAD (OR 0.41; 95% CI: 0.35–0.47), PAD versus CAD (OR 0.23; 95% CI: 0.18–0.30), dementia (OR 0.61; 95% CI: 0.49–0.76) and nursing home residency (OR 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57–0.93). Conclusion Nonagenarians have a great burden of cardiovascular diseases and receive a great number of preventive therapies, even in primary prevention, despite their unproven efficacy at these ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Mostaza
- Department of Internal Medicine. Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Lahoz
- Department of Internal Medicine. Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Cardenas
- Dirección Técnica de Sistemas de Información Sanitaria, Gerencia Adjunta de Procesos Asistenciales, Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Moreno-Iribas C, Sayon-Orea C, Delfrade J, Ardanaz E, Gorricho J, Burgui R, Nuin M, Guevara M. Validity of type 2 diabetes diagnosis in a population-based electronic health record database. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2017; 17:34. [PMID: 28390396 PMCID: PMC5385005 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-017-0439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus makes the continuous surveillance of its prevalence and incidence advisable. Electronic health records (EHRs) have great potential for research and surveillance purposes; however the quality of their data must first be evaluated for fitness for use. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of type 2 diabetes diagnosis in a primary care EHR database covering more than half a million inhabitants, 97% of the population in Navarra, Spain. Methods In the Navarra EPIC-InterAct study, the validity of the T90 code from the International Classification of Primary Care, Second Edition was studied in a primary care EHR database to identify incident cases of type 2 diabetes, using a multi-source approach as the gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and the kappa index were calculated. Additionally, type 2 diabetes prevalence from the EHR database was compared with estimations from a health survey. Results The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of incident type 2 diabetes recorded in the EHRs were 98.2, 99.3, 92.2 and 99.8%, respectively, and the kappa index was 0.946. Overall prevalence of type 2 diabetes diagnosed in the EHRs among adults (35–84 years of age) was 7.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.2–7.3) in men and 5.9% (95% CI 5.8–5.9) in women, which was similar to the prevalence estimated from the health survey: 8.5% (95% CI 7.1–9.8) and 5.5% (95% CI 4.4–6.6) in men and women, respectively. Conclusions The high sensitivity and specificity of type 2 diabetes diagnosis found in the primary care EHRs make this database a good source for population-based surveillance of incident and prevalent type 2 diabetes, as well as for monitoring quality of care and health outcomes in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conchi Moreno-Iribas
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Leyre 15, 31003, Pamplona, Spain. .,Research Network for Health Services in Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain. .,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Sayon-Orea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josu Delfrade
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Leyre 15, 31003, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gorricho
- Department of Health, Navarra Regional Government, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosana Burgui
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marian Nuin
- Primary Healthcare Directorate, Navarra Health Service, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Leyre 15, 31003, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Bilal U, Díez J, Alfayate S, Gullón P, del Cura I, Escobar F, Sandín M, Franco M. Population cardiovascular health and urban environments: the Heart Healthy Hoods exploratory study in Madrid, Spain. BMC Med Res Methodol 2016; 16:104. [PMID: 27549991 PMCID: PMC4994419 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-016-0213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim is to conduct an exploratory study to provide an in-depth characterization of a neighborhood's social and physical environment in relation to cardiovascular health. A mixed-methods approach was used to better understand the food, alcohol, tobacco and physical activity domains of the urban environment. METHODS We conducted this study in an area of 16,000 residents in Madrid (Spain). We obtained cardiovascular health and risk factors data from all residents aged 45 and above using Electronic Health Records from the Madrid Primary Health Care System. We used several quantitative audit tools to assess: the type and location of food outlets and healthy food availability; tobacco and alcohol points of sale; walkability of all streets and use of parks and public spaces. We also conducted 11 qualitative interviews with key informants to help understanding the relationships between urban environment and cardiovascular behaviors. We integrated quantitative and qualitative data following a mixed-methods merging approach. RESULTS Electronic Health Records of the entire population of the area showed similar prevalence of risk factors compared to the rest of Madrid/Spain (prevalence of diabetes: 12 %, hypertension: 34 %, dyslipidemia: 32 %, smoking: 10 %, obesity: 20 %). The food environment was very dense, with many small stores (n = 44) and a large food market with 112 stalls. Residents highlighted the importance of these small stores for buying healthy foods. Alcohol and tobacco environments were also very dense (n = 91 and 64, respectively), dominated by bars and restaurants (n = 53) that also acted as food services. Neighbors emphasized the importance of drinking as a socialization mechanism. Public open spaces were mostly used by seniors that remarked the importance of accessibility to these spaces and the availability of destinations to walk to. CONCLUSION This experience allowed testing and refining measurement tools, drawn from epidemiology, geography, sociology and anthropology, to better understand the urban environment in relation to cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Bilal
- Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28871 Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Julia Díez
- Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28871 Spain
| | - Silvia Alfayate
- Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28871 Spain
| | - Pedro Gullón
- Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28871 Spain
- Unidad Docente Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, National School of Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel del Cura
- Primary Care Research Unit. Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Madrid, Spain
- Department Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación en servicios sanitarios en enfermedades crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Escobar
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid Spain
| | - María Sandín
- Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28871 Spain
| | - Manuel Franco
- Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28871 Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - the HHH Research Group
- Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28871 Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
- Unidad Docente Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, National School of Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Primary Care Research Unit. Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Madrid, Spain
- Department Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación en servicios sanitarios en enfermedades crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid Spain
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15
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Parro-Moreno A, Serrano-Gallardo P, Díaz-Holgado A, Aréjula-Torres JL, Abraira V, Santiago-Pérez IM, Morales-Asencio JM. Impact of primary care nursing workforce characteristics on the control of high-blood pressure: a multilevel analysis. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e009126. [PMID: 26644122 PMCID: PMC4679997 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of Primary Health Care (PHC) nursing workforce characteristics and of the clinical practice environment (CPE) perceived by nurses on the control of high-blood pressure (HBP). DESIGN Cross-sectional analytical study. SETTING Administrative and clinical registries of hypertensive patients from PHC information systems and questionnaire from PHC nurses. PARTICIPANTS 76,797 hypertensive patients in two health zones within the Community of Madrid, North-West Zone (NWZ) with a higher socioeconomic situation and South-West Zone (SWZ) with a lower socioeconomic situation, and 442 reference nurses. Segmented analyses by area were made due to their different socioeconomic characteristics. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Poor HBP control (adequate figures below the value 140/90 mm Hg) associated with the characteristics of the nursing workforce and self-perceived CPE. RESULTS The prevalence of poor HBP control, estimated by an empty multilevel model, was 33.5% (95% CI 31.5% to 35.6%). In the multilevel multivariate regression models, the perception of a more favourable CPE was associated with a reduction in poor control in NWZ men and SWZ women (OR=0.99 (95% CI 0.98 to 0.99)); the economic immigration conditions increased poor control in NWZ women (OR=1.53 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.89)) and in SWZ, both men (OR=1.89 (95% CI 1.43 to 2.51)) and women (OR=1.39 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.76)). In all four models, increasing the annual number of patient consultations was associated with a reduction in poor control (NWZ women: OR=0.98 (95% CI0.98 to 0.99); NWZ men: OR=0.98 (95% CI 0.97 to 0.99); SWZ women: OR=0.98 (95% CI 0.97 to 0.99); SWZ men: OR=0.99 (95% CI 0.97 to 0.99). CONCLUSIONS A CPE, perceived by PHC nurses as more favourable, and more patient-nurse consultations, contribute to better HBP control. Economic immigration condition is a risk factor for poor HBP control. Health policies oriented towards promoting positive environments for nursing practice are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Parro-Moreno
- Department of Nursing, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IISPHM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Serrano-Gallardo
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IDIPHIM/INAECU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Holgado
- Information System Unit, Directorate for Public Health, Health Service of Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Aréjula-Torres
- Information System Unit, Directorate for Public Health, Health Service of Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Abraira
- Clinical Biostatistics of Ramón y Cajal University Hospital/IRYCIS/Centre for Biomedical Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isolina M Santiago-Pérez
- Epidemiology Unit, Galician Directorate for Public Health, Galician Health Authority, Santiago de Compostela, Spain/IBIMA, A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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16
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Gil-Montalbán E, Martín-Ríos M, Ortiz-Marrón H, Zorrilla-Torras B, Martínez-Cortés M, Esteban-Vasallo M, López-de-Andrés A. Incidence of type 2 diabetes and associated factors in the adult population of the Community of Madrid. PREDIMERC cohort. Rev Clin Esp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Carcas AJ, Abad Santos F, Sánchez Perruca L, Dal-Ré R. [Electronic medical record in clinical trials of effectiveness of drugs integrated in clinical practice]. Med Clin (Barc) 2015; 145:452-7. [PMID: 25913907 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Carcas
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Francisco Abad Santos
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IP), Madrid, España
| | - Luis Sánchez Perruca
- Dirección Técnica de Sistemas de Información Sanitaria, Gerencia Adjunta de Planificación y Calidad, Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Consejería de Salud de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Rafael Dal-Ré
- Investigación Clínica, Programa BUC (Biociencias UAM+CSIC), Centro de Excelencia Internacional, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España.
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18
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Gil-Montalbán E, Martín-Ríos MD, Ortiz-Marrón H, Zorrilla-Torras B, Martínez-Cortés M, Esteban-Vasallo MD, López-de-Andrés A. Incidence of type 2 diabetes and associated factors in the adult population of the Community of Madrid. PREDIMERC cohort. Rev Clin Esp 2015; 215:495-502. [PMID: 26409707 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine the incidence and risk factors of type2 diabetes in the adult population of Madrid (Spain) and compare the predictive models of type2 diabetes based on the prediabetes criteria of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the World Health Organisation (WHO). MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted on a population cohort composed of 2048 individuals between 30 and 74years of age with no diabetes. At the start of the study, an epidemiological survey was performed, and baseline glycaemia, HbA1c, body mass index and waist circumference were measured. A follow-up of 6.4years was conducted. New cases of type2 diabetes were identified using the electronic primary care medical history. RESULTS The incidence of type2 diabetes was 3.5 cases/1000 person-years. In the multivariate analysis, the variables that were associated with the onset of type2 diabetes were age, family history of diabetes, baseline glycaemia (100-125mg/dL), HbA1c (5.7-6.4%) and waist circumference (≥94cm for men and ≥80cm for women). Of these, the most significantly associated variables were baseline glycaemia and HbA1c. The ADA and WHO criteria for defining prediabetes had the same predictive capacity. CONCLUSION The incidence of type2 diabetes measured in Madrid was lower than that found in other population studies, with the glucometabolic state the main factor associated with progression to type2 diabetes. There were no differences between the prediabetes defined by the ADA and the WHO for predicting the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gil-Montalbán
- Subdirección de Promoción de la Salud y Prevención, Consejería Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, España.
| | - M D Martín-Ríos
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, España; Departamento Medicina y Cirugía, Psicología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Inmunología Microbiología Médicas. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España
| | - H Ortiz-Marrón
- Subdirección de Promoción de la Salud y Prevención, Consejería Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - B Zorrilla-Torras
- Subdirección de Promoción de la Salud y Prevención, Consejería Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - M Martínez-Cortés
- Servicio de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Instituto de Salud Pública, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - M D Esteban-Vasallo
- Subdirección de Promoción de la Salud y Prevención, Consejería Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - A López-de-Andrés
- Departamento Medicina y Cirugía, Psicología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Inmunología Microbiología Médicas. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España
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19
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Garzón G, Gil Á, Herrero AM, Jiménez F, Cerezo MJ, Domínguez C. [Achievement of cardiovascular goals in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes with and without cardiovascular disease]. GACETA SANITARIA 2015; 29:425-30. [PMID: 26342408 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes with and without cardiovascular disease achieving the main cardiovascular goals. METHODS DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING A regional health district in a European country, Spain. Year: 2013. PARTICIPANTS Adult patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes with and without cardiovascular disease. MEASUREMENTS Study using secondary data obtained from electronic records of clinical history. Haemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, smoking and medication were covered. n=49,658 RESULTS: The proportion of patients with diabetes achieving cardiovascular goals (among those with recent measurement) was: haemoglobin A1c 68.8% (CI95%:68.2%-69.4%), blood pressure 74.3% (CI95%:73.9%-74.7%), LDL cholesterol 59.8% (CI95%:59.0%-60.6%), tobacco 80.2% (CI95%:79.6%-80.8%). Only 40%-67% of patients has recent measurement. Only 48.0% (CI95%: 46.6%-49.4%) of patients who needed statins were receiving them. Higher proportion of patients with cardiovascular disease were achiving goals. Differences were small but significant. CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular goals were measured in around half of patients with diabetes. Proportion of patients achiving cardiovascular goals were similar to published and best in patients with cardiovascular disease but it could improve. This points to prioritising interventions in this group of patients at very high risk, improving the implementation of guidelines and patient adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Garzón
- Área de Atención Primaria, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, España.
| | - Ángel Gil
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - Ana María Herrero
- Área de Atención Primaria, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, España
| | - Fernando Jiménez
- Área de Atención Primaria, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, España
| | - María José Cerezo
- Área de Atención Primaria, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, España
| | - Cristina Domínguez
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital de la Princesa, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, España
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20
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Revilla-López C, Calderón-Larrañaga A, Enríquez-Martín N, Prados-Torres A. [Low concordance between primary care and hospital clinical information]. Aten Primaria 2015; 48:244-50. [PMID: 26300324 PMCID: PMC6877834 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivos Medir la concordancia respecto a las enfermedades crónicas registradas en atención primaria (AP) y hospitalaria, y valorar la utilidad de sus registros asistenciales con fines de investigación. Emplazamiento Estudio transversal retrospectivo integrando información diagnóstica de AP y hospitalaria de la población de Aragón ingresada en 2010. Participantes Se analizó a 75.176 pacientes Intervenciones Se analizaron coincidencias, divergencias e índice kappa de los diagnósticos registrados en AP y hospital, estratificando por grupos de edad y sexo. Mediciones principales Enfermedades estudiadas: EPOC, diabetes, hipertensión, enfermedad cerebrovascular, cardiopatía isquémica, asma, epilepsia e insuficiencia cardiaca. Resultados La concordancia fue mayor en hombres y entre los 45-64 años. Diabetes fue el diagnóstico más concordante (índice kappa: 0,75) mientras que asma obtuvo los valores más bajos (índice kappa: 0,34). Conclusiones La baja concordancia de la información diagnóstica contenida en AP y hospital obliga a adoptar medidas que permitan a los profesionales sanitarios a conocer el conjunto de problemas de salud que presenta un paciente.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concha Revilla-López
- Unidad Docente de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, España.
| | - Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga
- Unidad Docente de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, España; Grupo EpiChron de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), IIS Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España; Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España; Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Grupo de Investigación en Servicios Sanitarios (GRISSA), Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, España
| | - Natalia Enríquez-Martín
- Unidad Docente de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, España; Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España; Departamento de Sanidad, Bienestar Social y Familia, D.G. de Planificación y Aseguramiento, Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, España
| | - Alexandra Prados-Torres
- Unidad Docente de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, España; Grupo EpiChron de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), IIS Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España; Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España; Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Grupo de Investigación en Servicios Sanitarios (GRISSA), Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, España
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