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Wade F, Huang CH, Foucher KC. Individual joint contributions to forward propulsion during treadmill walking in women with hip osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2024. [PMID: 39217413 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
As we age, reliance on the ankle musculature for push-off during walking reduces and increased reliance on the hip musculature is observed. It is unclear how joint pathology like osteoarthritis may affect this distal-to-proximal redistribution of propulsion. Here, we revisited a proof-of-concept study to study the effect of split-belt treadmill training, designed to reduce step length asymmetry, on forward propulsion during walking. Eleven women with hip osteoarthritis and five age-matched control participants walked on an instrumented split-belt treadmill at their preferred speed (hip osteoarthritis: 0.73 ± 0.11 m/s; controls: 0.59 ± 0.26 m/s). Women with hip osteoarthritis had less ankle power and propulsive force than controls, and greater hip contributions to forward propulsion on their involved limb. Following split-belt treadmill training, propulsive force increased on the involved limb. Five of 11 participants experienced a change in redistribution ratio that was greater than the minimal clinically meaningful difference. These "responders" had greater variability in pre-training redistribution ratio compared to non-responders. Women with hip osteoarthritis had poorer propulsive gait mechanics than controls yet split-belt treadmill training improved propulsive force. Redistribution ratio also changed in participants with high baseline variability. Our results suggest that split-belt treadmill training may be beneficial to people with hip osteoarthritis who have high variability in walking parameters. Further, the age-related shift to increased hip contributions to propulsion across populations of older adults may be due to increased variability during walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Wade
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Chun-Hao Huang
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kharma C Foucher
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Balak BK, Anaforoglu B. Examination time-distance characteristics of gait and pelvic kinematics in individuals with Diabetic polyneuropathy: a case-control study. Neurol Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38916096 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2024.2367938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) disrupts body and movement biomechanics, increases mechanical stress during walking, and predisposes individuals to injuries owing to the repetitive effects of these stresses. AIMS This study aimed to assess and compare the impact of neuropathy on gait and pelvic kinematics in individuals with DPN. METHODS This case-control study included two groups: 23 individuals diagnosed with DPN aged between 35-70 and 23 healthy individuals aged-35-70. The BTS-G, a wireless motion sensor, was used to assess the time-distance characteristics of walking in all participants. The system analyzed data pertaining to walking speed, cadence, percentages of stance and swing phases, durations of walking cycles, double-step lengths, pelvic tilt, obliquity, and rotation symmetries. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in cadence, left and right stance phase percentages, or left and right swing phase percentages (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of speed, left and right walking cycle durations, and left and right double-step lengths (p < 0.05). Additionally, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups in pelvic tilt symmetry and left and right pelvic tilt range of motion values (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, significant differences were identified between the groups in pelvic obliquity symmetry, pelvic rotation symmetry, left and right pelvic obliquity range of motion, and left and right pelvic rotation range of motion values (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that individuals with DPN exhibit decreased walking speed, prolonged gait cycle duration, increased double step length, and reduced pelvic obliquity and rotation range of motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Kalkan Balak
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Yuksek Ihtisas University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Bahar Anaforoglu
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
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3
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Rössler R, Wagner J, Knaier R, Rommers N, Kressig RW, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Hinrichs T. Spatiotemporal gait characteristics across the adult lifespan: Reference values from a healthy population - Analysis of the COmPLETE cohort study. Gait Posture 2024; 109:101-108. [PMID: 38290395 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gait changes with aging have been investigated, but few studies have examined a wide range of gait parameters across the adult lifespan. This study aimed to investigate gait differences across age groups stratified by sex. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 629 healthy, normal-weight (i.e., BMI < 30 kg/m2) participants from Switzerland of the COmPLETE cohort study, aged 20 to over 90 years. Gait metrics were assessed using an inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based gait analysis system, including speed, cycle duration variability, asymmetry, stride length, cycle duration, cadence, double support, stance (time foot is on the ground during a gait cycle), swing (time foot is in the air during a gait cycle), loading (early part of the stance phase), foot-flat (mid-stance phase when foot is flat), and pushing (late stance phase leading to toe-off) phases. Percentile curves were calculated using generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape. RESULTS Gait data from 545 participants (273 men and 272 women) were analyzed. Participants were equally distributed across the seven age decades, with an average of 40 men and 40 women representing every decade. Both men and women showed a reduction in gait speed and stride length, and an increase in cycle duration variability and asymmetry with aging. Gait speed and stride length declined across the age groups, with a significant difference found in participants aged 80 to 91 compared to younger age groups. SIGNIFICANCE Age-related changes in gait parameters were seen in both men and women. These may be attributed to the typical decline in muscle strength, balance, coordination, and neuromuscular function. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of gait changes throughout the lifespan and can be used for comparison with other populations and as reference values for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Rössler
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jonathan Wagner
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Knaier
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nikki Rommers
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto W Kressig
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timo Hinrichs
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Malus J, Urbaczka J, Rygelova M, Casula V, Nieminen M, Monte A, Horka V, Uchytil J. Effect of Footwear Type on Biomechanical Risk Factors for Knee Osteoarthritis. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231183416. [PMID: 37560612 PMCID: PMC10406632 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231183416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular walking in different types of footwear may increase the mediolateral shear force, knee adduction moment, or vertical ground-reaction forces that could increase the risk of early development of knee osteoarthritis (OA). PURPOSE To compare kinematic and kinetic parameters that could affect the development of knee OA in 3 footwear conditions. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 40 asymptomatic participants performed walking trials in the laboratory at self-selected walking speeds under barefoot (BF), minimalistic (MF), and neutral (NF) footwear conditions. Knee joint parameters were described using discrete point values, and continuous curves were evaluated using statistical parametric mapping. A 3 × 1 repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine the main effect of footwear for both discrete and continuous data. To compare differences between footwear conditions, a post hoc paired t test was used. RESULTS Discrete point analyses showed a significantly greater knee power in NF compared with MF and BF in the weight absorption phase (P < .001 for both). Statistical parametric mapping analysis indicated a significantly greater knee angle in the sagittal plane at the end of the propulsive phase in BF compared with NF and MF (P = .043). Knee joint moment was significantly greater in the propulsive phase for the sagittal (P = .038) and frontal planes (P = .035) in BF compared with NF and MF and in the absorption phase in the sagittal plane (P = .034) in BF compared with MF and NF. A significant main effect of footwear was found for anteroposterior (propulsion, ↑MF, NF, ↓BF [P = .008]; absorption, ↑BF, MF, ↓NF [P = .001]), mediolateral (propulsion, ↑MF, NF, ↓BF [P = .005]; absorption, ↑NF, MF, ↓BF [P = .044]), and vertical (propulsion, ↑NF, BF, ↓MF [P = .001]; absorption, ↑MF, BF, ↓NF [P < .001]) ground-reaction forces. Knee power showed a significant main effect of footwear (absorption, ↑NF, MF, ↓BF [P = .015]; propulsion, ↑MF, NF, ↓BF [P = .039]). CONCLUSION Walking in MF without sufficient accommodation affected kinetic and kinematic parameters and could increase the risk of early development of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Malus
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Urbaczka
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Rygelova
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Victor Casula
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Miika Nieminen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Andrea Monte
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Veronika Horka
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Uchytil
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Nùñez-Lisboa M, Valero-Breton M, Dewolf AH. Unraveling age-related impairment of the neuromuscular system: exploring biomechanical and neurophysiological perspectives. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1194889. [PMID: 37427405 PMCID: PMC10323685 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1194889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
With extended life expectancy, the quality of life of elders is a priority. Loss of mobility, increased morbidity and risks of falls have dramatic individual and societal impacts. Here we consider the age-related modifications of gait, from a biomechanical and neurophysiological perspective. Among the many factors of frailty involved (e.g., metabolic, hormonal, immunological), loss of muscle strength and neurodegenerative changes inducing slower muscle contraction may play a key role. We highlight that the impact of the multifactorial age-related changes in the neuromuscular systems results in common features of gait in the immature gait of infants and older adults. Besides, we also consider the reversibility of age-related neuromuscular deterioration by, on the one hand, exercise training, and the other hand, novel techniques such as direct spinal stimulation (tsDCS).
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nùñez-Lisboa
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Physiologie et la Locomotion, Institute of Neuroscience, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - M. Valero-Breton
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - A. H. Dewolf
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Physiologie et la Locomotion, Institute of Neuroscience, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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6
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Hafer JF, Mihy JA, Hunt A, Zernicke RF, Johnson RT. Lower Extremity Inverse Kinematics Results Differ Between Inertial Measurement Unit- and Marker-Derived Gait Data. J Appl Biomech 2023; 39:133-142. [PMID: 37024103 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2022-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
In-lab, marker-based gait analyses may not represent real-world gait. Real-world gait analyses may be feasible using inertial measurement units (IMUs) in combination with open-source data processing pipelines (OpenSense). Before using OpenSense to study real-world gait, we must determine whether these methods estimate joint kinematics similarly to traditional marker-based motion capture (MoCap) and differentiate groups with clinically different gait mechanics. Healthy young and older adults and older adults with knee osteoarthritis completed this study. We captured MoCap and IMU data during overground walking at 2 speeds. MoCap and IMU kinematics were computed with OpenSim workflows. We tested whether sagittal kinematics differed between MoCap and IMU, whether tools detected between-group differences similarly, and whether kinematics differed between tools by speed. MoCap showed more anterior pelvic tilt (0%-100% stride) and joint flexion than IMU (hip: 0%-38% and 61%-100% stride; knee: 0%-38%, 58%-89%, and 95%-99% stride; and ankle: 6%-99% stride). There were no significant tool-by-group interactions. We found significant tool-by-speed interactions for all angles. While MoCap- and IMU-derived kinematics differed, the lack of tool-by-group interactions suggests consistent tracking across clinical cohorts. Results of the current study suggest that IMU-derived kinematics with OpenSense may enable reliable evaluation of gait in real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn F Hafer
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE,USA
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,USA
| | - Julien A Mihy
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE,USA
| | - Andrew Hunt
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE,USA
| | - Ronald F Zernicke
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,USA
| | - Russell T Johnson
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,USA
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7
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Boyer KA, Hayes KL, Umberger BR, Adamczyk PG, Bean JF, Brach JS, Clark BC, Clark DJ, Ferrucci L, Finley J, Franz JR, Golightly YM, Hortobágyi T, Hunter S, Narici M, Nicklas B, Roberts T, Sawicki G, Simonsick E, Kent JA. Age-related changes in gait biomechanics and their impact on the metabolic cost of walking: Report from a National Institute on Aging workshop. Exp Gerontol 2023; 173:112102. [PMID: 36693530 PMCID: PMC10008437 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Changes in old age that contribute to the complex issue of an increased metabolic cost of walking (mass-specific energy cost per unit distance traveled) in older adults appear to center at least in part on changes in gait biomechanics. However, age-related changes in energy metabolism, neuromuscular function and connective tissue properties also likely contribute to this problem, of which the consequences are poor mobility and increased risk of inactivity-related disease and disability. The U.S. National Institute on Aging convened a workshop in September 2021 with an interdisciplinary group of scientists to address the gaps in research related to the mechanisms and consequences of changes in mobility in old age. The goal of the workshop was to identify promising ways to move the field forward toward improving gait performance, decreasing energy cost, and enhancing mobility for older adults. This report summarizes the workshop and brings multidisciplinary insight into the known and potential causes and consequences of age-related changes in gait biomechanics. We highlight how gait mechanics and energy cost change with aging, the potential neuromuscular mechanisms and role of connective tissue in these changes, and cutting-edge interventions and technologies that may be used to measure and improve gait and mobility in older adults. Key gaps in the literature that warrant targeted research in the future are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Boyer
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Kate L Hayes
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan F Bean
- New England GRECC, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of PM&R, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Brach
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian C Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - David J Clark
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James Finley
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason R Franz
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Hungarian University of Sports Science, Department of Kinesiology, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Hungary; Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary; Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Hunter
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marco Narici
- Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Nicklas
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Thomas Roberts
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, USA
| | - Gregory Sawicki
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Eleanor Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jane A Kent
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA
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8
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Zhang J, Liang R, Lau N, Lei Q, Yip J. A Systematic Analysis of 3D Deformation of Aging Breasts Based on Artificial Neural Networks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:468. [PMID: 36612790 PMCID: PMC9819929 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The measurement and prediction of breast skin deformation are key research directions in health-related research areas, such as cosmetic and reconstructive surgery and sports biomechanics. However, few studies have provided a systematic analysis on the deformations of aging breasts. Thus, this study has developed a model order reduction approach to predict the real-time strain of the breast skin of seniors during movement. Twenty-two women who are on average 62 years old participated in motion capture experiments, in which eight body variables were first extracted by using the gray relational method. Then, backpropagation artificial neural networks were built to predict the strain of the breast skin. After optimization, the R-value for the neural network model reached 0.99, which is within acceptable accuracy. The computer-aided system of this study is validated as a robust simulation approach for conducting biomechanical analyses and predicting breast deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruixin Liang
- Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence in Design, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Newman Lau
- School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiwen Lei
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joanne Yip
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence in Design, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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9
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Talamonti D, Gagnon C, Vincent T, Nigam A, Lesage F, Bherer L, Fraser S. Exploring cognitive and brain oxygenation changes over a 1-year period in physically active individuals with mild cognitive impairment: a longitudinal fNIRS pilot study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:648. [PMID: 35941561 PMCID: PMC9361664 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with an increased likelihood of developing dementia, but a growing body of evidence suggests that certain modifiable risk factors may help prevent or delay dementia onset. Among these, physical activity (PA) has been linked to better cognitive performance and brain functions in healthy older adults and may contribute to preventing dementia. The current pilot study investigated changes in behavioral and brain activation patterns over a 1-year period in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls taking part in regular PA. METHODS Frontal cortical response during a dual-task walking paradigm was investigated at baseline, at 6 months (T6), and at 12 months (T12) by means of a portable functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) system. The dual-task paradigm included a single cognitive task (2-back), a single motor task (walking), and a dual-task condition (2-back whilst walking). RESULTS Both groups showed progressive improvement in cognitive performance at follow-up visits compared to baseline. Gait speed remained stable throughout the duration of the study in the control group and increased at T6 for those with MCI. A significant decrease in cortical activity was observed in both groups during the cognitive component of the dual-task at follow-up visits compared to baseline, with MCI individuals showing the greatest improvement. CONCLUSIONS The observations of this pilot study suggest that taking part in regular PA may be especially beneficial for both cognitive performance and brain functions in older adulthood and, especially, in individuals with MCI. Our findings may serve as preliminary evidence for the use of PA as a potential intervention to prevent cognitive decline in individuals at greater risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Talamonti
- Research center and EPIC Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Gagnon
- Research center and EPIC Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Vincent
- Research center and EPIC Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anil Nigam
- Research center and EPIC Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frederic Lesage
- Research center and EPIC Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Bherer
- Research center and EPIC Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche, Institute universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Hemmati F, Karimi MT. The effect of rocker sole shoes on ground reaction force in the elderly. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2022; 236:988-993. [DOI: 10.1177/09544119221098529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with decreases in gait performance and mobility. Toe-only rocker sole is prescribed as a common shoe modification in restricted foot and ankle joints mobility. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of toe-only rocker sole shoes on the ground reaction force (GRF) in the elderly. Twenty-one older adults walked on a walkway equipped with one force plate under six different conditions including barefoot (BF), normal shoe (NS), and four types of toe-only rocker sole shoes (RS) with various degrees of rocker angle (RS10, RS20, RS30, and RS40). The peaks of the GRFs in three planes were obtained. Different rocker angles could affect GRF parameters. The first peak of GRF (FZ1) significantly increased with both RS30 and RS40 compared to BF, NS, RS10, and RS20. FZ1 significantly decreased with RS30 compared to RS40. The braking force (FX1) was significantly lower with NS compared to RS30 and RS40. FX1 was significantly higher with RS40 compared to the other shoe conditions. The propulsive force (FX2) significantly decreased during walking with BF compared to NS, RS20, RS30, and RS40. A higher FX2 was observed in RS40 than the other shoe conditions except RS30. Also, FX2 was significantly lower with RS10 compared to RS30. Increasing rocker angle may result in an increase in the peak magnitude of FZ1, FX1, FX2 in the elderly without any improvement in walking speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hemmati
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Karimi
- Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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Woiczinski M, Lehner C, Esser T, Kistler M, Azqueta M, Leukert J, Bauer L, Kraft E. Influence of Treadmill Design on Gait: Does Treadmill Size Affect Muscle Activation Amplitude? A Musculoskeletal Calculation With Individualized Input Parameters of Gait Analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:830762. [PMID: 35309554 PMCID: PMC8924287 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.830762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing age, gait changes often occur, leading to mobility problems and thus a higher risk of falling. Interest in training at home or at retirement homes has led to the development of “mobile treadmills.” A difference in treadmill surface length may influence walking parameters (i.e., step length) and therefore may affect muscle activation. This led to the question: Does the treadmill size affect the muscle activation, i.e., with the length of the walking surface. The study aimed to investigate the influence of treadmill size, i.e., length of the walking surface, on gait pattern and to determine differences in the amplitude of muscle activation using a participant-specific musculoskeletal model (AnyBody Technology A/S, Aalborg, Denmark). For a prospective, randomized study gait parameters were collected from 47 healthy participants (aged 50.19 ± 20.58 years) while walking on two different treadmills, a small mobile treadmill (walking surface length 100 cm) and a conventional treadmill (walking surface length 150 cm), at their preferred speed, 2 km/h, and 4 km/h. Muscle activation amplitude patterns were similar between treadmills (M. gastrocnemius medialis: rmean = 0.94, M. gastrocnemius lateralis: rmean = 0.92, M. gluteus medius rmean = 0.90, M. gluteus minimus rmean = 0.94). However, the gait analysis showed a decreased preferred velocity (p < 0.001, z = 4.54), reduced stride length (preferred velocity: p = 0.03, z = −2.17; 2 km/h: p = 0.36, z = 2.10; 4 km/h: p = 0.006, z = 2.76), shorter stride time (2 km/h: p < 0.001, z = 4.65; 4 km/h: p < 0.001, z = 4.15), and higher cadence (2 km/h: p < 0.001, z = −4.20; 4 km/h: p = 0.029, z = −2.18) on the mobile treadmill than on the conventional treadmill. Our observations suggest that the treadmill design (e.g., a 50 cm difference in walking surface length) may not influence muscle activity amplitude during walking. However, the design of the treadmill may influence gait characteristics (e.g., stride length, cadence) of walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Woiczinski
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Matthias Woiczinski
| | - Carolin Lehner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thekla Esser
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Kistler
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Monica Azqueta
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Leukert
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leandra Bauer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eduard Kraft
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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12
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Carcelén-Fraile MDC, Aibar-Almazán A, Martínez-Amat A, Brandão-Loureiro V, Jiménez-García JD, Castellote-Caballero Y, Hita-Contreras F. Qigong for Muscle Strength and Static Postural Control in Middle-Aged and Older Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:784320. [PMID: 34957157 PMCID: PMC8692287 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.784320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to determine the effects of a Qigong exercise program on the muscle strength and postural control in middle-aged and older postmenopausal women. This is a randomized clinical trial (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03989453) conducted on 125 women who were initially assigned to either an experimental group (n = 63) that performed a Qigong exercise program for 12 weeks or to a control group (n = 62) that did not receive any intervention. Muscle strength (dynamometer) and postural control (stabilometric platform) were evaluated before and immediately after an intervention period. The main findings of this study suggest that the women in the experimental group had improvements in muscle strength, mean velocity of the displacement of the center of pressure (CoP) with both eyes open and closed, and the surface sway area covered by the CoP, as well as the mediolateral and anteroposterior oscillations of the CoP, only with eyes open. The results of the present study determined that a 12 week Qigong exercise program has beneficial effects on muscle strength and postural control of middle-aged and older postmenopausal Spanish women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Amat
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Fidel Hita-Contreras
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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13
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Age-related changes to triceps surae muscle-subtendon interaction dynamics during walking. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21264. [PMID: 34711893 PMCID: PMC8553842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Push-off intensity is largely governed by the forces generated by the triceps surae (TS) muscles (gastrocnemius-GAS, soleus-SOL). During walking, the TS muscles undergo different fascicle kinematics and contribute differently to biomechanical subtasks. These differences may be facilitated by the Achilles tendon (AT), which is comprised of subtendons that originate from the TS muscles. We and others have revealed non-uniform displacement patterns within the AT—evidence for sliding between subtendons that may facilitate independent muscle actuation. However, in older adults, we have observed more uniform AT tissue displacements that correlate with reduced push-off intensity. Here, we employed dual-probe ultrasound imaging to investigate TS muscle length change heterogeneity (GAS–SOL) as a determinant of reduced push-off intensity in older adults. Compared to young, older adults walked with more uniform AT tissue displacements and reduced TS muscle length change heterogeneity. These muscle-level differences appeared to negatively impact push-off intensity—evidenced by between-group differences in the extent to which TS muscle length change heterogeneity correlates with mechanical output across walking tasks. Our findings suggest that the capacity for sliding between subtendons may facilitate independent TS muscle actuation in young adults but may restrict that actuation in older adults, likely contributing to reduced push-off intensity.
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14
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Rowe E, Beauchamp MK, Astephen Wilson J. Age and sex differences in normative gait patterns. Gait Posture 2021; 88:109-115. [PMID: 34023654 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A comprehensive understanding of healthy gait patterns is a critical first step towards understanding age-related pathologies and disorders that are commonly associated with mobility limitations throughout aging. Further, consideration of sex-specific gait patterns throughout the lifespan is important, considering biological differences between males and females that can manifest biomechanically, and epidemiological evidence of female sex being a risk factor for some age-related pathologies such as osteoarthritis. RESEARCH QUESTION The aim of this study was to characterize the differences in lower extremity joint kinematics and kinetics during gait between asymptomatic adult women and men in different age groups (20-40 years, 41-50 years, 51-59 years, 60+ years). METHODS This was a secondary analysis conducted on instrumented gait data from 154 asymptomatic adult participants (94 females, 60 males). Three-dimensional hip, knee and ankle joint angles and net external moments were calculated and waveform principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to extract major patterns of variability from each. PC scores were examined for significant sex, age and interaction effects using a two-factor ANOVA analysis (p = 0.001). RESULTS 13 PC features differed between asymptomatic male and female gait patterns, and were independent of age category. No PC features significantly differed between the age groups, and there were no significant sex by age interactions. SIGNIFICANCE There are significant magnitude and pattern differences in hip, knee and ankle kinematics and kinetics between asymptomatic women and men. As study participants were asymptomatic, these differences do not necessarily correlate with any injury or disease mechanisms. However, these results do suggest the importance of considering sex-specific analyses in gait study design, and the use of sex-specific normative data in clinical gait studies. These results further suggest that consideration of strict age-matching for gait analysis studies using adult controls is not as critical as sex considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erynne Rowe
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, ON, Canada.
| | - Marla K Beauchamp
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, ON, Canada
| | - Janie Astephen Wilson
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, ON, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St. Halifax, B3H 4R2, NS, Canada
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15
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Impact of parity on biomechanical risk factors for knee OA initiation. Gait Posture 2021; 84:287-292. [PMID: 33418454 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are twice as likely as men to develop knee osteoarthritis (OA), and with it experience greater losses of physical function and disability. A change in the mechanical environment of the joint is a key initiating factor for knee OA. Differences in morphology, joint injury risk, and hormonal shifts in mid-life are often considered factors which increase OA risk for women. Pregnancy, a time of significant hormonal, morphological, and biomechanical change, has received comparably less attention. If morphological and biomechanical changes persist postpartum, this could increase OA risk for parous (childbearing) women. RESEARCH QUESTION Are lower limb gait mechanics different between healthy nulliparous (non-childbearing) and parous (childbearing) women? METHODS Twenty-eight self-reported not pregnant female participants (14 parous, 14 nulliparous) were recruited for the study. Nulliparous participants had never given birth to a child. Parous participants had given birth to at least one full-term infant (37-42 weeks) without complications between one to five years before data collection. Motion capture of participants' preferred, fast, and set (1.4 m/s) walking speeds was conducted. Repeated measures ANOVA were performed to test for significant group differences in joint kinematics and kinetics. RESULTS There was a significant main effect of group indicating a larger knee flexion angle at toe off (p = 0.0002), smaller knee extension moment at heel strike (p = 0.0006), smaller first peak knee flexion moment (p = 0.040), and smaller peak hip adduction moment for the parous group compared to the nulliparous group (p = 0.003). Static Q-angle did not differ between groups. SIGNIFICANCE Alteration in mechanics from the habitual loading pattern are thought to increase risk of OA. Smaller knee moments in post-partum women could alter the mechanical stimulus to cartilage, and should be investigated in conjunction with cartilage health measures to determine the link with OA initiation.
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Krupenevich RL, Clark WH, Sawicki GS, Franz JR. Older Adults Overcome Reduced Triceps Surae Structural Stiffness to Preserve Ankle Joint Quasi-Stiffness During Walking. J Appl Biomech 2020; 36:209-216. [PMID: 32502975 PMCID: PMC8020011 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2019-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ankle joint quasi-stiffness is an aggregate measure of the interaction between triceps surae muscle stiffness and Achilles tendon stiffness. This interaction may be altered due to age-related changes in the structural properties and functional behavior of the Achilles tendon and triceps surae muscles. The authors hypothesized that, due to a more compliant of Achilles' tendon, older adults would exhibit lower ankle joint quasi-stiffness than young adults during walking and during isolated contractions at matched triceps surae muscle activations. The authors also hypothesized that, independent of age, triceps surae muscle stiffness and ankle joint quasi-stiffness would increase with triceps surae muscle activation. The authors used conventional gait analysis in one experiment and, in another, electromyographic biofeedback and in vivo ultrasound imaging applied during isolated contractions. The authors found no difference in ankle joint quasi-stiffness between young and older adults during walking. Conversely, this study found that (1) young and older adults modulated ankle joint quasi-stiffness via activation-dependent changes in triceps surae muscle length-tension behavior and (2) at matched activation, older adults exhibited lower ankle joint quasi-stiffness than young adults. Despite age-related reductions during isolated contractions, ankle joint quasi-stiffness was maintained in older adults during walking, which may be governed via activation-mediated increases in muscle stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William H Clark
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University
| | | | - Jason R Franz
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University
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Krupenevich RL, Miller RH. Effects of Self-Selected Step Length and Trunk Position on Joint Kinetics in Highly Physically Fit Older Adults. J Appl Biomech 2020; 36:156-162. [PMID: 32259793 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2019-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The causes of age-related differences in lower-extremity joint moments and powers are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of highly physically active older adults walking with (1) a step length similar to young adults and (2) an upright trunk posture, on hip and ankle joint kinetics. The authors hypothesized that, compared with their self-selected walking mechanics, older adults would exhibit decreased hip kinetics and increased ankle kinetics when prescribed a young adult step length, and would exhibit decreased hip extension moments when maintaining an upright trunk posture during walking. A total of 12 active older adults (67 [5] y) and 13 active young adults (21 [3] y) walked at 1.3 m/s. The older adults also walked at 1.3 m/s with step lengths prescribed from height-matched young adults and, in a separate condition, walked with an upright trunk. The older adults did not display larger ankle kinetics or smaller hip kinetics in either condition compared to walking with a self-selected step length. These findings indicate that step length and trunk position do not primarily contribute to age-related differences in kinetics in highly active older adults and should serve as a starting point for investigating alternative explanations.
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18
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Abstract
Older females experience higher rates of disability than males, potentially due to sex-specific differences in gait and muscle function. The authors evaluated the effects of age and physical activity (PA) on gait mechanics and knee extensor muscle function in males and females. Three groups of 20 individuals (each 10 females) participated: young (21-35 y) and highly and less active older (55-70 y) adults. Knee extensor strength and joint mechanics during preferred speed gait were collected before and after 30 minutes of walking. Age by sex and PA by sex interactions indicated older and less active older females had lower concentric knee extensor muscle power and larger hip extension moments than males. After 30 minutes of walking, older less active adults had larger decreases in knee extensor power than their highly active older counterparts, and older adults of both sexes had decreases in ankle dorsiflexion moments while young adults did not. These results suggest that older, particularly less active, adults are susceptible to knee extensor muscle fatigue from moderate activity. For older adults, high levels of PA may be necessary to preserve gait mechanics in response to a bout of exercise. This new information may be important for targeting interventions in at-risk older adults.
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19
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Hafer JF, Kent JA, Boyer KA. Physical activity and age-related biomechanical risk factors for knee osteoarthritis. Gait Posture 2019; 70:24-29. [PMID: 30784958 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent disease leading to mobility disability in the aged that could, in part, be initiated by age-related alterations in knee mechanics. However, if and how knee mechanics change with age remains unclear. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the impacts of age and physical activity (PA) on biomechanical characteristics that can affect the loading environment in the knee during gait? METHODS Three groups (n = 20 each, 10 male and 10 female) of healthy adults were recruited: young (Y, 21-35 years), mid-life highly active (MHi, 55-70 years, runners), and mid-life less active (MLo, 55-70 years, low PA). Outcome measures included knee kinematics and kinetics and co-activation during gait, and knee extensor muscle torque and power collected at baseline and after a 30-minute treadmill trial to determine the impact of prolonged walking on knee function. RESULTS At baseline, high-velocity concentric knee extensor power was lower for MLo and MHi compared with Y, and MLo displayed greater early (6.0 ± 5.8 mm) and peak during stance (11.3 ± 7.8 mm) femoral anterior displacement relative to the tibia compared with Y (0.2 ± 5.6 and 4.4 ± 6.8 mm). Also at baseline, MLo showed equal quadriceps:hamstrings activation, while Y showed greater relative hamstrings activation during midstance. The walking bout induced substantial knee extensor fatigue (decrease in maximal torque and power) in Y and MLo, while MHi were fatigue-resistant. SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that maintenance of PA in mid-life may impart small but measurable effects on knee function and biomechanics that may translate to a more stable loading environment in the knee through mid-life and thus could reduce knee OA risk long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn F Hafer
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States.
| | - Jane A Kent
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Katherine A Boyer
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States; Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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Comparison of lower extremity joint mechanics between healthy active young and middle age people in walking and running gait. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5568. [PMID: 30944360 PMCID: PMC6447628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41750-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of age can influence gait characteristics. Previous research has investigated lower extremity joint mechanics between young and elderly people in locomotion, however little is known about whether differences exist between young and middle age people. Ten young healthy subjects (22.8 ± 5.3 years) and ten middle age healthy subjects (50.7 ± 6.0 years) engaged in treadmill walking (from 0.8 to 2.0 m/s) and running (from 1.8 to 3.8 m/s). The middle age group had higher ankle plantar flexor moment angular impulse (p = 0.002), total support moment impulse (p = 0.016), and hip stance positive work (p = 0.029) across walking speeds. Additionally, the middle age group had higher knee flexion angle at ground contact in walking (p = 0.005) and running (p = 0.037). These findings indicate that moderate age affects changes in ankle and hip kinetic characteristics in walking, and knee kinematic patterns in both walking and running.
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21
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Ward L, Williamson E, Hansen Z, French DP, Boniface G, Rogers D, Lamb SE. Development and delivery of the BOOST (Better Outcomes for Older adults with Spinal Trouble) intervention for older adults with neurogenic claudication. Physiotherapy 2019; 105:262-274. [PMID: 30935673 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenic claudication due to spinal stenosis is a common cause of disability in older adults. Conservative treatments are a favourable treatment option. This paper describes the development and delivery of the BOOST (Better Outcomes for Older adults with Spinal Trouble) intervention, a physiotherapist-delivered physical and psychological intervention for the management of neurogenic claudication in older adults. The BOOST intervention is being tested in a multi-centre, randomised controlled trial in UK National Health Service Trusts; delivered by physiotherapists registered with the Health and Care Professionals Council. Participants are aged 65 years or older, registered with a primary care practice, and report symptoms consistent with neurogenic claudication. Intervention content and delivery was initially informed by clinical and patient experts, research evidence, and behaviour change guidelines; and refined following an intervention development day attended by researchers, health professionals, and Patient and Public Involvement representatives. The BOOST intervention comprises 12 group sessions, promoting sustained adherence with a long term home and physical activity programme. Each session includes education and group discussion, individually tailored exercises, and walking. Initial exercise levels are set at a one-to-one assessment. Continued home exercise adherence and increased physical activity following completion of the sessions is facilitated through support telephone calls. Trial registration ISRCTN12698674.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Ward
- Nuffield Department of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Esther Williamson
- Nuffield Department of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Zara Hansen
- Nuffield Department of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - David P French
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Coupland 1 Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Graham Boniface
- Nuffield Department of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - David Rogers
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Medicine, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham, Bristol Road South, Birmingham B31 2AP, UK.
| | - Sarah E Lamb
- Nuffield Department of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
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Follador L, Alves RC, Ferreira SDS, Silva AC, Silva SGD. Perceived Exertion and Affect From Tai Chi, Yoga, and Stretching Classes for Elderly Women. Percept Mot Skills 2019; 126:223-240. [PMID: 30638426 DOI: 10.1177/0031512518823661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tai Chi, yoga, and stretching regimens are gaining popularity as alternatives to more traditional exercise, but there is scant research regarding participants' perceived exertion and affective responses to these practices. We compared experienced states of perceived exertion, feelings of pleasure/displeasure, and arousal in 70 elderly women enrolled in groups of Tai Chi ( n = 26), yoga ( n = 25), or stretching ( n = 19) classes. Mean rates of perceived exertion, feelings of pleasure, and arousal responses were significantly higher over the time course of all three groups, while the overall mean perceived exertion ( Somewhat Hard on the Borg CR-10 scale) and pleasure responses (∼ Very Good on the Feeling Scale) were similar between them. The circumplex model of affect showed that changes occurred in the high-activation pleasure quadrant (energy on the Felt Arousal Scale). From a practical perspective, the exercise intensity and affective responses elicited during these classes made participants feel good and infused with energy, likely creating a positive memory and reinforcing continued physical activity participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Follador
- 1 Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Brazil
| | - Ragami C Alves
- 1 Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Aldo C Silva
- 1 Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Brazil
| | - Sergio G da Silva
- 1 Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Brazil
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Meurisse GM, Bastien GJ, Schepens B. Effect of age and speed on the step-to-step transition phase during walking. J Biomech 2019; 83:253-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ben Mansour K, Gorce P, Rezzoug N. The impact of Nordic walking training on the gait of the elderly. J Sports Sci 2018; 36:2368-2374. [PMID: 29582714 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1458396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to define the impact of regular practice of Nordic walking on the gait of the elderly. Thereby, we aimed to determine whether the gait characteristics of active elderly persons practicing Nordic walking are more similar to healthy adults than that of the sedentary elderly. Comparison was made based on parameters computed from three inertial sensors during walking at a freely chosen velocity. Results showed differences in gait pattern in terms of the amplitude computed from acceleration and angular velocity at the lumbar region (root mean square), the distribution (Skewness) quantified from the vertical and Euclidean norm of the lumbar acceleration, the complexity (Sample Entropy) of the mediolateral component of lumbar angular velocity and the Euclidean norm of the shank acceleration and angular velocity, the regularity of the lower limbs, the spatiotemporal parameters and the variability (standard deviation) of stance and stride durations. These findings reveal that the pattern of active elderly differs significantly from sedentary elderly of the same age while similarity was observed between the active elderly and healthy adults. These results advance that regular physical activity such as Nordic walking may counteract the deterioration of gait quality that occurs with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Gorce
- a HandiBio Laboratory, University of Toulon , Toulon Cedex 9 , France
| | - Nasser Rezzoug
- a HandiBio Laboratory, University of Toulon , Toulon Cedex 9 , France
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Mahmoudian A, van Dieёn JH, Baert IAC, Bruijn SM, Faber GS, Luyten FP, Verschueren SMP. Changes in gait characteristics of women with early and established medial knee osteoarthritis: Results from a 2-years longitudinal study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2017; 50:32-39. [PMID: 28985489 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the large number of cross-sectional studies on gait in subjects with knee osteoarthritis, there are scarcely any longitudinal studies on gait changes in knee osteoarthritis. METHODS Gait analysis was performed on 25 women with early and 18 with established medial knee osteoarthritis, as well as a group of 23 healthy controls. Subjects were asked to walk at their comfortable speed. Kinematic and kinetic data were measured at baseline and after 2years follow-up. FINDINGS Results indicated that the early osteoarthritis group, similar to established osteoarthritis group, showed significantly higher maximum knee adduction angles compared to the controls during the early stance phase of gait. None of the kinematic or kinetic measures, changed over two years in the early osteoarthritis group. In the established osteoarthritis group, at the time of entry, an increased first and second peak knee adduction moment, as well as higher mid-stance knee adduction moment and knee adduction moment impulse, were present compared to the control and the early osteoarthritis groups. Mid-stance knee adduction moment and knee adduction moment impulse, further increased over two years only in the established osteoarthritis group. For all three groups, the peak knee flexion angle during the stance phase decreased significantly over time. INTERPRETATION Increased maximum knee adduction angle during stance phase was the only alteration in the gait pattern of subjects with early knee osteoarthritis compared to the controls. This suggests that, unlike in the later stages of the disease, gait is rather stable over two years in early osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armaghan Mahmoudian
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaap H van Dieёn
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Isabel A C Baert
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sjoerd M Bruijn
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Gert S Faber
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Department of Development & Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sabine M P Verschueren
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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Foulis SA, Jones SL, van Emmerik RE, Kent JA. Post-fatigue recovery of power, postural control and physical function in older women. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183483. [PMID: 28880935 PMCID: PMC5589131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low muscle power, particularly at high velocities, has been linked to poor physical function in older adults. Any loss in muscle power following fatiguing exercise or daily activities could impact physical function and postural control until power has fully recovered. To test the overall hypothesis that a common task such as walking can result in prolonged power loss and decreased physical function and balance, 17 healthy older (66–81 years) women completed a 32-min walking test (32MWT) designed to induce neuromuscular fatigue, followed by 60min of recovery (60R). Fatigue and recovery of knee extensor muscle power (3 velocities) were quantified by dynamometry. Function was quantified by chair rise time and postural control by measures of center of pressure (COP) range (mm) and velocity (mm·s-1) during quiet stance. Power declined at all velocities by 8–13% 2min following the 32MWT (p≤0.02) and remained depressed by 8–26% at 60R (p≤0.04). Postural control decreased following the 32MWT, indicated by increased COP range in the anterior-posterior (AP, p<0.01) direction and a trend in the medial-lateral (ML) direction (p = 0.09), and returned to baseline by 60R (p≥0.10). COP velocity was unchanged immediately following the 32MWT, but at 60R was lower in ML (p = 0.03) and tended to be reduced in AP (p = 0.07). Changes in high-velocity power (270°·s-1) were associated with altered postural control (p = 0.02) and chair rise performance (p≤0.03). These results provide evidence of long-duration neuromuscular changes following fatigue in healthy older women that may place them at increased risk for functional deficits during everyday mobility tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Foulis
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephanie L. Jones
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richard E. van Emmerik
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jane A. Kent
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Duffell LD, Jordan SJ, Cobb JP, McGregor AH. Gait adaptations with aging in healthy participants and people with knee-joint osteoarthritis. Gait Posture 2017; 57:246-251. [PMID: 28672154 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between age and gait characteristics in people with and without medial compartment osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. We aimed to characterize this relationship and to relate biomechanical and structural parameters in a subset of OA patients. Twenty five participants with diagnosed unilateral medial knee OA and 84 healthy participants, with no known knee pathology were recruited. 3D motion capture was used to analyse sagittal and coronal plane gait parameters while participants walked at a comfortable speed. Participants were categorized according to age (18-30, 31-59 and 60+ years), and those with and without OA were compared between and within age groups. In a subset of OA patients, clinically available Computed Tomography images were used to assess joint structure. Differences in coronal plane kinematics at the hip and knee were noted in participants with OA particularly those who were older compared with our healthy controls, as well as increased knee moments. Knee adduction moment correlated with structural parameters in the subset of OA patients. Increased knee moments and altered kinematics were observed in older participants presenting with OA only, which seem to be related to morphological changes in the joint due to OA, as opposed to being related to the initial cause of medial knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynsey D Duffell
- Dept of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, UK; MSK Lab, Imperial College London, UK.
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28
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van Hoeve S, Leenstra B, Willems P, Poeze M, Meijer K. The effect of age and speed on foot and ankle kinematics assessed using a 4-segment foot model. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7907. [PMID: 28858109 PMCID: PMC5585503 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of age and speed on foot and ankle kinematics in gait studies using foot models are not fully understood, whereas this can have significant influence. We analyzed these variables with the 4-segment Oxford foot model. METHODS Twenty-one healthy subjects (aged 20-65 years) were recruited for gait analysis. The effect of speed on foot and ankle kinematics was assessed by comparing results during slow walking and fast walking. To assess the effect of age, a group of 13 healthy young adults (aged 20-24 years) were compared with a group of 8 older adults (aged 53-65 years). Also, the interaction between age and speed was analyzed. RESULTS Regarding speed, there was a significant difference between forefoot/hindfoot motion in the sagittal plane (flexion/extension) during both loading- and push-off phase (P = .004, P < .001). Between hindfoot/tibia, there was a significant difference for all parameters except for motion in the sagittal plane (flexion/extension) during push-off phase (P = .5). Age did not significantly influence kinematics. There was no interaction between age and speed. CONCLUSION Our analysis found that speed significantly influenced the kinematic outcome parameters. This was more pronounced in the ankle joint. In contrast, no significant differences were found between younger and older healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Willems
- Department of Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center
- NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Poeze
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery
- NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Meijer
- Department of Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center
- NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Boyer KA, Johnson RT, Banks JJ, Jewell C, Hafer JF. Systematic review and meta-analysis of gait mechanics in young and older adults. Exp Gerontol 2017; 95:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Malatesta D, Canepa M, Menendez Fernandez A. The effect of treadmill and overground walking on preferred walking speed and gait kinematics in healthy, physically active older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:1833-1843. [PMID: 28687953 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preferred walking speed (PWS) represents a performance measure of mobility in older individuals. PWS is usually assessed during overground (via a 2-40 m walkway) or treadmill walking in older adults. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of treadmill and overground walking on preferred walking speed, spatiotemporal parameters and foot kinematics in healthy, physically active older and young adults after adequate treadmill familiarization. METHODS PWS and spatiotemporal parameters were assessed during overground (PWSO) and treadmill (PWST) walking using two wearable inertial sensor systems and were compared between 25 older (72.2 ± 4.0, range 66-80 years) and 20 young (24.4 ± 2.1, range 20-30 years) adults. RESULTS In the two groups, PWSO (older: 1.45 ± 0.17 m.s-1; young: 1.37 ± 0.16 m.s-1) was significantly faster than PWST (older: 1.31 ± 0.15 m.s-1; young: 1.25 ± 0.17 m.s-1; P < 0.001), with no significant difference between the groups in either walking condition (P = 0.11). The older adults walked with a significantly greater stride frequency (+8%; P ≤ 0.001) and lower plantarflexion angle (-5%; P ≤ 0.001) than the young participants under both walking conditions. In both groups, treadmill walking was characterized by significantly increased stance (+1%; P = 0.02) and double support (+1%; P = 0.04) duration, as well as reduced swing duration (-1%; P = 0.02) and heel-strike pitch angle (-8%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings showed that healthy and physically active older and young adults who were adequately familiarized to the treadmill selected a slower PWS on the treadmill than during overground walking with small "safety-related" gait kinematic adaptations. Therefore, treadmill can be used for assessing PWS and gait kinematics in physically active older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Malatesta
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences of University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Bâtiment Géopolis, Bureau no. 5885, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Mosè Canepa
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences of University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Bâtiment Géopolis, Bureau no. 5885, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aitor Menendez Fernandez
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences of University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Bâtiment Géopolis, Bureau no. 5885, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Rutherford D, Baker M, Wong I, Stanish W. The effect of age and knee osteoarthritis on muscle activation patterns and knee joint biomechanics during dual belt treadmill gait. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2017; 34:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Fasel B, Duc C, Dadashi F, Bardyn F, Savary M, Farine PA, Aminian K. A wrist sensor and algorithm to determine instantaneous walking cadence and speed in daily life walking. Med Biol Eng Comput 2017; 55:1773-1785. [PMID: 28197810 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-017-1621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In daily life, a person's gait-an important marker for his/her health status-is usually assessed using inertial sensors fixed to lower limbs or trunk. Such sensor locations are not well suited for continuous and long duration measurements. A better location would be the wrist but with the drawback of the presence of perturbative movements independent of walking. The aim of this study was to devise and validate an algorithm able to accurately estimate walking cadence and speed for daily life walking in various environments based on acceleration measured at the wrist. To this end, a cadence likelihood measure was designed, automatically filtering out perturbative movements and amplifying the periodic wrist movement characteristic of walking. Speed was estimated using a piecewise linear model. The algorithm was validated for outdoor walking in various and challenging environments (e.g., trail, uphill, downhill). Cadence and speed were successfully estimated for all conditions. Overall median (interquartile range) relative errors were -0.13% (-1.72 2.04%) for instantaneous cadence and -0.67% (-6.52 6.23%) for instantaneous speed. The performance was comparable to existing algorithms for trunk- or lower limb-fixed sensors. The algorithm's low complexity would also allow a real-time implementation in a watch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Fasel
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IBI LMAM, Station 9, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cyntia Duc
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IBI LMAM, Station 9, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzin Dadashi
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IBI LMAM, Station 9, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Flavien Bardyn
- Electronics and Signal Processing Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IMT ESPLAB, Rue de la Maladière 71B, Case postale 526, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Savary
- Electronics and Signal Processing Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IMT ESPLAB, Rue de la Maladière 71B, Case postale 526, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-André Farine
- Electronics and Signal Processing Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IMT ESPLAB, Rue de la Maladière 71B, Case postale 526, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Kamiar Aminian
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IBI LMAM, Station 9, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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33
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Boyer KA, Andriacchi TP. The Nature of Age-Related Differences in Knee Function during Walking: Implication for the Development of Knee Osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167352. [PMID: 27973527 PMCID: PMC5156354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in knee kinematics have been identified in the early stages of osteoarthritis (OA). However, there is a paucity of information on the nature of kinematic change that occur with aging prior to the development of OA, This study applied a robust statistical method (Principal Component Analysis) to test the hypothesis that coupling between primary (flexion) and secondary (anterior-posterior translation, internal-external rotation) joint motions in walking would differ for age groupings of healthy subjects. Methods Seventy-four healthy participants divided into three groups with mean ages of 24 ± 2.3 years (younger), 48 ± 4.7years (middle-age) and 64 ± 2.4 years (older) were examined. Principal Component Analysis was used to characterize and statistically compare the patterns of knee joint movement and their relationships in walking. Results There were significant differences between the younger group and both the middle-age and older groups in the knee frontal plane angle and the coupling between knee flexion (PC1, p≤0.04) and the relative magnitudes of secondary plane motions in early and late stance (PC3, p<0.01). Two additional principal components (PC2, p = 0.03 and PC5, p<0.01) described differences in early stance knee flexion and relationship with secondary plane motion through-out stance for the older compared with middle-age group. Conclusions It appears there are changes in knee kinematics that occur with aging. The kinematic differences were identified for middle-aged as well as older adults suggesting midlife changes in neuromuscular physiology or behavior may have important consequences. These kinematic measures offer the potential to identify early markers for the risk of developing knee OA with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Boyer
- Departments of Kinesiology and Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas P. Andriacchi
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA United States of America
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
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34
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Fitzgerald LF, Christie AD, Kent JA. Heterogeneous effects of old age on human muscle oxidative capacity in vivo: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:1137-1145. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite intensive efforts to understand the extent to which skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity changes in older humans, the answer to this important question remains unclear. To determine what the preponderance of evidence from in vivo studies suggests, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of age on muscle oxidative capacity as measured noninvasively by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A secondary aim was to examine potential moderators contributing to differences in results across studies, including muscle group, physical activity status, and sex. Candidate papers were identified from PubMed searches (n = 3561 papers) and the reference lists of relevant papers. Standardized effects (Hedges’ g) were calculated for age and each moderator using data from the 22 studies that met the inclusion criteria (n = 28 effects). Effects were coded as positive when older (age, ≥55 years) adults had higher muscle oxidative capacity than younger (age, 20–45 years) adults. The overall effect of age on oxidative capacity was positive (g = 0.171, p < 0.001), indicating modestly greater oxidative capacity in old. Notably, there was significant heterogeneity in this result (Q = 245.8, p < 0.001; I2 = ∼70%–90%). Muscle group, physical activity, and sex were all significant moderators of oxidative capacity (p ≤ 0.029). This analysis indicates that the current body of literature does not support a de facto decrease of in vivo muscle oxidative capacity in old age. The heterogeneity of study results and identification of significant moderators provide clarity regarding apparent discrepancies in the literature, and indicate the importance of accounting for these variables when examining purported age-related differences in muscle oxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam F. Fitzgerald
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Anita D. Christie
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Jane A. Kent
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Kent JA, Fitzgerald LF. In vivo mitochondrial function in aging skeletal muscle: capacity, flux, and patterns of use. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:996-1003. [PMID: 27539499 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00583.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the fundamental dependence of mammalian life on adequate mitochondrial function, the question of how and why mitochondria change in old age is the target of intense study. Given the importance of skeletal muscle for the support of mobility and health, this question extends to the need to understand mitochondrial changes in the muscle of older adults, as well. We and others have focused on clarifying the age-related changes in human skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in vivo. These changes include both the maximal capacity for oxidative production of energy (ATP), as well as the relative use of mitochondrial ATP production for powering muscular activity. It has been known for nearly 50 yr that muscle mitochondrial content is highly plastic; exercise training can induce an ∼2-fold increase in mitochondrial content, while disuse has the opposite effect. Here, we suggest that a portion of the age-related changes in mitochondrial function that have been reported are likely the result of behavioral effects, as physical activity influences have not always been accounted for. Further, there is emerging evidence that various muscles may be affected differently by age-related changes in physical activity and movement patterns. In this review, we will focus on age-related changes in oxidative capacity and flux measured in vivo in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Kent
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Liam F Fitzgerald
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
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Kulmala JP, Korhonen MT, Kuitunen S, Suominen H, Heinonen A, Mikkola A, Avela J. Whole body frontal plane mechanics across walking, running, and sprinting in young and older adults. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:956-963. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J-P. Kulmala
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity; University of Jyväskylä; Jyväskylä Finland
| | - M. T. Korhonen
- Department of Health Sciences; University of Jyväskylä; Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - S. Kuitunen
- Research Institute for Olympic Sports; Jyväskylä Finland
| | - H. Suominen
- Department of Health Sciences; University of Jyväskylä; Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - A. Heinonen
- Department of Health Sciences; University of Jyväskylä; Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - A. Mikkola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Lappeenranta University of Technology; Jyväskylä Finland
| | - J. Avela
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity; University of Jyväskylä; Jyväskylä Finland
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37
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Age and muscle strength mediate the age-related biomechanical plasticity of gait. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:805-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Selecting boundary conditions in physiological strain analysis of the femur: Balanced loads, inertia relief method and follower load. Med Eng Phys 2015; 37:1180-5. [PMID: 26521092 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Selection of boundary constraints may influence amount and distribution of loads. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential of inertia relief and follower load to maintain the effects of musculoskeletal loads even under large deflections in patient specific finite element models of intact or fractured bone compared to empiric boundary constraints which have been shown to lead to physiological displacements and surface strains. The goal is to elucidate the use of boundary conditions in strain analyses of bones. Finite element models of the intact femur and a model of clinically relevant fracture stabilization by locking plate fixation were analyzed with normal walking loading conditions for different boundary conditions, specifically re-balanced loading, inertia relief and follower load. Peak principal cortex surface strains for different boundary conditions are consistent (maximum deviation 13.7%) except for inertia relief without force balancing (maximum deviation 108.4%). Influence of follower load on displacements increases with higher deflection in fracture model (from 3% to 7% for force balanced model). For load balanced models, follower load had only minor influence, though the effect increases strongly with higher deflection. Conventional constraints of fixed nodes in space should be carefully reconsidered because their type and position are challenging to justify and for their potential to introduce relevant non-physiological reaction forces. Inertia relief provides an alternative method which yields physiological strain results.
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Self-Selected Walking Speed is Predictive of Daily Ambulatory Activity in Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2015; 24:214-22. [PMID: 26371593 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2015-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Daily ambulatory activity is associated with health and functional status in older adults; however, assessment requires multiple days of activity monitoring. The objective of this study was to determine the relative capabilities of self-selected walking speed (SSWS), maximal walking speed (MWS), and walking speed reserve (WSR) to provide insight into daily ambulatory activity (steps per day) in community-dwelling older adults. Sixty-seven older adults completed testing and activity monitoring (age 80.39 [6.73] years). SSWS (R2 = .51), MWS (R2 = .35), and WSR calculated as a ratio (R2 = .06) were significant predictors of daily ambulatory activity in unadjusted linear regression. Cutpoints for participants achieving < 8,000 steps/day were identified for SSWS (≤ 0.97 m/s, 44.2% sensitivity, 95.7% specificity, 10.28 +LR, 0.58 -LR) and MWS (≤ 1.39 m/s, 60.5% sensitivity, 78.3% specificity, 2.79 +LR, 0.50 -LR). SSWS may be a feasible proxy for assessing and monitoring daily ambulatory activity in older adults.
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Fuchioka S, Iwata A, Higuchi Y, Miyake M, Kanda S, Nishiyama T. The Forward Velocity of the Center of Pressure in the Midfoot is a Major Predictor of Gait Speed in Older Adults. INT J GERONTOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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41
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Kulmala JP, Korhonen MT, Kuitunen S, Suominen H, Heinonen A, Mikkola A, Avela J. Which muscles compromise human locomotor performance with age? J R Soc Interface 2015; 11:20140858. [PMID: 25209406 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing leads to a progressive decline in human locomotor performance. However, it is not known whether this decline results from reduced joint moment and power generation of all lower limb muscle groups or just some of them. To further our understanding of age-related locomotor decline, we compare the amounts of joint moments and powers generated by lower limb muscles during walking (self-selected), running (4 m s(-1)) and sprinting (maximal speed) among young, middle-aged and old adults. We find that age-related deficit in ankle plantarflexor moment and power generation becomes more severe as locomotion change from walking to running to sprinting. As a result, old adults generate more power at the knee and hip extensors than their younger counterparts when walking and running at the same speed. During maximal sprinting, young adults with faster top speeds demonstrate greater moments and powers from the ankle and hip joints, but interestingly, not from the knee joint when compared with the middle-aged and old adults. These findings indicate that propulsive deficit of ankle contributes most to the age-related locomotor decline. In addition, reduced muscular output from the hip rather than from knee limits the sprinting performance in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha-Pekka Kulmala
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Viveca 223, Rautpohjankatu 8 A, 40014 Jyväskylän Yliopisto, Finland Agora Center, University of Jyväskylä, Viveca 223, Rautpohjankatu 8 A, 40014 Jyväskylän Yliopisto, Finland Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lappeenranta University of Technology, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Marko T Korhonen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Viveca 223, Rautpohjankatu 8 A, 40014 Jyväskylän Yliopisto, Finland
| | - Sami Kuitunen
- Research Institute for Olympic Sports, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Harri Suominen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Viveca 223, Rautpohjankatu 8 A, 40014 Jyväskylän Yliopisto, Finland
| | - Ari Heinonen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Viveca 223, Rautpohjankatu 8 A, 40014 Jyväskylän Yliopisto, Finland
| | - Aki Mikkola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lappeenranta University of Technology, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Janne Avela
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Viveca 223, Rautpohjankatu 8 A, 40014 Jyväskylän Yliopisto, Finland
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Märdian S, Schaser KD, Duda GN, Heyland M. Working length of locking plates determines interfragmentary movement in distal femur fractures under physiological loading. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2015; 30:391-6. [PMID: 25716162 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the influence of the screw location and plate working length of a locking plate construct at the distal femur on interfragmentary movement under physiological loading. METHODS To quantitatively analyse the influence of plate working length on interfragmentary movements in a locking plate construct bridging a distal femur fracture, a finite element model based on CT (computed tomography) data was physiologically loaded and fracture gap conditions were calculated. Four working lengths with eight screw variations each were systemically analysed. FINDINGS Interfragmentary movements for axial (12-19%, p<0.001) and shear movements (-7.4-545%, p<0.001) at all tested nodes increased significantly with longer plate working length, whereas screw variations within the groups revealed no significant influence. The working length (defined by screw location) dominates the biomechanical fracture gap conditions. INTERPRETATION The current finite element analysis demonstrates that plate working length significantly influences interfragmentary movements, thereby affecting the biomechanical consequences of fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Märdian
- Centre for musculoskeletal surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Dieter Schaser
- Centre for musculoskeletal surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mark Heyland
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Hart CR, Layec G, Trinity JD, Liu X, Kim SE, Groot HJ, Le Fur Y, Sorensen JR, Jeong EK, Richardson RS. Evidence of Preserved Oxidative Capacity and Oxygen Delivery in the Plantar Flexor Muscles With Age. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:1067-76. [PMID: 25165028 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies examining the effect of aging on skeletal muscle oxidative capacity have yielded equivocal results; however, these investigations may have been confounded by differences in oxygen (O(2)) delivery, physical activity, and small numbers of participants. Therefore, we evaluated skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and O(2) delivery in a relatively large group (N = 40) of young (22 ± 2 years) and old (73 ± 7 years) participants matched for physical activity. After submaximal dynamic plantar flexion exercise, phosphocreatine (PCr) resynthesis ((31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy), muscle reoxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy), and popliteal artery blood flow (Doppler ultrasound) were measured. The phosphocreatine recovery time constant (Tau) (young: 33 ± 16; old: 30 ± 11 seconds), maximal rate of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis (young: 25 ± 9; old: 27 ± 8 mM/min), and muscle reoxygenation rates determined by the deoxyhemoglobin/myoglobin recovery Tau (young: 48 ± 5; old: 47 ± 9 seconds) were similar between groups. Similarly, although tending to be higher in the old, there were no significant age-related differences in postexercise popliteal blood flow (area under the curve: young: 1,665 ± 227 vs old: 2,404 ± 357 mL, p = .06) and convective O(2) delivery (young: 293 ± 146 vs old: 404 ± 191 mL, p = .07). In conclusion, when physical activity and O(2) delivery are similar, oxidative capacity in the plantar flexors is not affected by aging. These findings reveal that diminished skeletal muscle oxidative capacity is not an obligatory accompaniment to the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey R Hart
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah. Department of Exercise and Sport Science
| | - Gwenael Layec
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah. Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and
| | - Joel D Trinity
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah. Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - H Jonathan Groot
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah. Department of Exercise and Sport Science
| | - Yann Le Fur
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, Marseille, France
| | | | - Eun-Kee Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah. Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and
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Bonis J, Laval C, Kammoun B, Lacroix J, Mandigout S. Effect of a program of physical activities on the spatiotemporal parameters of walking in healthy 65-year-olds. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2014.03.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bonis J, Laval C, Kammoun B, Lacroix J, Mandigout S. Effet d’un programme d’activités physiques sur les paramètres spatio-temporels de marche chez des sujets de plus de 65ans. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2014.03.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Arnold JB, Mackintosh S, Jones S, Thewlis D. Differences in foot kinematics between young and older adults during walking. Gait Posture 2014; 39:689-94. [PMID: 24183676 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of age-related changes to foot function during walking has mainly been based on plantar pressure measurements, with little information on differences in foot kinematics between young and older adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in foot kinematics between young and older adults during walking using a multi-segment foot model. Joint kinematics of the foot and ankle for 20 young (mean age 23.2 years, standard deviation (SD) 3.0) and 20 older adults (mean age 73.2 years, SD 5.1) were quantified during walking with a 12 camera Vicon motion analysis system using a five segment kinematic model. Differences in kinematics were compared between older adults and young adults (preferred and slow walking speeds) using Student's t-tests or if indicated, Mann-Whitney U tests. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) for the differences were also computed. The older adults had a less plantarflexed calcaneus at toe-off (-9.6° vs. -16.1°, d = 1.0, p = <0.001), a smaller sagittal plane range of motion (ROM) of the midfoot (11.9° vs. 14.8°, d = 1.3, p = <0.001) and smaller coronal plane ROM of the metatarsus (3.2° vs. 4.3°, d = 1.1, p = 0.006) compared to the young adults. Walking speed did not influence these differences, as they remained present when groups walked at comparable speeds. The findings of this study indicate that independent of walking speed, older adults exhibit significant differences in foot kinematics compared to younger adults, characterised by less propulsion and reduced mobility of multiple foot segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Arnold
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Shylie Mackintosh
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sara Jones
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dominic Thewlis
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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A Systems Perspective on Postural and Gait Stability: Implications for Physical Activity in Aging and Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1123/krj.2.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Postural instability, falls, and fear of falling that accompany frailty with aging and disease form major impediments to physical activity. In this article we present a theoretical framework that may help researchers and practitioners in the development and delivery of intervention programs aimed at reducing falls and improving postural stability and locomotion in older individuals and in those with disability due to disease. Based on a review of the dynamical and complex systems perspectives of movement coordination and control, we show that 1) central to developing a movement-based intervention program aimed at fall reduction and prevention is the notion that variability can play a functional role and facilitate movement adaptability, 2) intervention programs aimed at fall reduction should focus more on coordination and stability boundary measures instead of traditional gait and posture outcome variables, and 3) noise-based intervention techniques using stochastic resonance may offer external aids to improve dynamic balance control.
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