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Al Hadra B, Lukanov T, Mihaylova A, Naumova E. High-resolution characterization of KIR genes polymorphism in healthy subjects from the Bulgarian population-A pilot study. HLA 2024; 103:e15341. [PMID: 38180282 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Although killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene content has been widely studied in health and disease, with the advancement of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology the high-resolution characterization of this complex gene region has become achievable. KIR allele-level diversity has lately been described across human populations. The present study aimed to analyze for the first time the allele-level polymorphism of nine KIR genes in 155 healthy, unrelated individuals from the Bulgarian population by applying NGS. The highest degree of polymorphism was detected for the KIR3DL3 gene with 40 observed alleles at five-digit resolution in total, 22 of which were common. On the other hand, the KIR3DS1 gene was found to have the lowest degree of polymorphism among the studied KIR genes with one common allele: KIR3DS1*01301 (31.6%). To better understand KIR allelic associations and patterns in Bulgarians, we have estimated the pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) for the 10 KIR loci, where KIR2DL3*00501 allele was found in strong LD with KIR2DL1*00101 (D' = 1.00, R2 = 0.742). This is the first study investigating KIR polymorphism at the allele level in a population from the South-East European region. Considering the effect of the populationally shaped KIR allelic polymorphism on NK cell function, this data could lead to a better understanding of the genetic heterogeneity of this region and can be carried into clinical practice by improvement of the strategies taken for NK-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Al Hadra
- Clinic of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell Bank, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelin Lukanov
- Clinic of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell Bank, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anastasiya Mihaylova
- Clinic of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell Bank, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elissaveta Naumova
- Clinic of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell Bank, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Pasella M, Pisano F, Cannas B, Fanni A, Cocco E, Frau J, Lai F, Mocci S, Littera R, Giglio SR. Decision trees to evaluate the risk of developing multiple sclerosis. Front Neuroinform 2023; 17:1248632. [PMID: 37649987 PMCID: PMC10465164 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2023.1248632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a persistent neurological condition impacting the central nervous system (CNS). The precise cause of multiple sclerosis is still uncertain; however, it is thought to arise from a blend of genetic and environmental factors. MS diagnosis includes assessing medical history, conducting neurological exams, performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and analyzing cerebrospinal fluid. While there is currently no cure for MS, numerous treatments exist to address symptoms, decelerate disease progression, and enhance the quality of life for individuals with MS. Methods This paper introduces a novel machine learning (ML) algorithm utilizing decision trees to address a key objective: creating a predictive tool for assessing the likelihood of MS development. It achieves this by combining prevalent demographic risk factors, specifically gender, with crucial immunogenetic risk markers, such as the alleles responsible for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules and the killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genes responsible for natural killer lymphocyte receptors. Results The study included 619 healthy controls and 299 patients affected by MS, all of whom originated from Sardinia. The gender feature has been disregarded due to its substantial bias in influencing the classification outcomes. By solely considering immunogenetic risk markers, the algorithm demonstrates an ability to accurately identify 73.24% of MS patients and 66.07% of individuals without the disease. Discussion Given its notable performance, this system has the potential to support clinicians in monitoring the relatives of MS patients and identifying individuals who are at an increased risk of developing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Pasella
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabio Pisano
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Cannas
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fanni
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cocco
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Centro Sclerosi Multipla, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jessica Frau
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Centro Sclerosi Multipla, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Lai
- Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Mocci
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Centre for Research University Services, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Roberto Littera
- AART-ODV (Association for the Advancement of Research on Transplantation), Cagliari, Italy
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rita Giglio
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Centre for Research University Services, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
- AART-ODV (Association for the Advancement of Research on Transplantation), Cagliari, Italy
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
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Rheumatoid Arthritis Susceptibility Is Associated with the KIR2DS4-Full of Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genes in the Lur Population of Iran. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 10:84-94. [PMID: 34277872 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology underlying the progression and development of autoimmune conditions, such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), is a result of dysregulations of the immune system. Research has explored the genetic alterations present in RA; however, limited studies have examined the role of Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) and Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) molecules in RA. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine KIR genes, their HLA ligands, and KIR-HLA compounds in patients with RA. Methods In this case-control study, a total of 50 patients with RA and 100 healthy individuals were enrolled. DNA samples were evaluated using PCR with sequence specific Primers (PCR-SSP). Odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. Results Among the KIR genes examined, KIR2DLA (p= 0.0255, OR= 0.389, 95% CI= 0.210-0.722) and KIR2DS4-full (p< 0.0001, OR= 6.163, 95% CI= 3.174-11.968) were observed to have a statistically significant correlation with disease susceptibility to RA. As an inhibitory gene, KIR2DLA was observed to have a protective effect against RA while KIR2DS4-full as an activating gene, was found to increase risk for RA. No significant associations were found between any of the other KIR genotypes, HLA ligands, or KIR-HLA compounds examined in this study to RA susceptibility. Conclusion In this study of RA in the Lur population of Iran, KIR2DS4-full was observed to increase susceptibility to RA, while KIR2DL5A was found to act as a protecting factor based on both the cross Table and regression analyses. Further research should focus on repeating this study in additional populations.
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Dizaji Asl K, Velaei K, Rafat A, Tayefi Nasrabadi H, Movassaghpour AA, Mahdavi M, Nozad Charoudeh H. The role of KIR positive NK cells in diseases and its importance in clinical intervention. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 92:107361. [PMID: 33429335 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are essential for the elimination of the transformed and cancerous cells. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) which expressed by T and NK cells, are key regulator of NK cell function. The KIR and their ligands, MHC class I (HLA-A, B and C) molecules, are highly polymorphic and their related genes are located on 19 q13.4 and 6 q21.3 chromosomes, respectively. It is clear that particular interaction between the KIRs and their related ligands can influence on the prevalence, progression and outcome of several diseases, like complications of pregnancy, viral infection, autoimmune diseases, and hematological malignancies. The mechanisms of immune signaling in particular NK cells involvement in causing pathological conditions are not completely understood yet. Therefore, better understanding of the molecular mechanism of KIR-MHC class I interaction could facilitate the treatment strategy of diseases. The present review focused on the main characteristics and functional details of various KIR and their combination with related ligands in diseases and also highlights ongoing efforts to manipulate the key checkpoints in NK cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Dizaji Asl
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kobra Velaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Rafat
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Tayefi Nasrabadi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Enciso-Vargas M, Alvarado-Ruíz L, Suárez-Villanueva AS, Macías-Barragán J, Montoya-Buelna M, Oceguera-Contreras E, Alvarado-Navarro A, Graciano-Machuca O. Association Study between Psoriatic Arthritis and Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor ( KIR) Genes: A Meta-Analysis. Immunol Invest 2020; 50:152-163. [PMID: 31957514 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1713145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is a seronegative spondyloarthropathy frequently associated with psoriasis. Studies have shown different members of the KIR (Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor) gene family may act as potential susceptibility factors; however, data have been inconsistent or with a reduced sample size. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to determine associations between KIR genes and PsA susceptibility a meta-analysis approach. Methods: We performed a systemic search on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify association studies linking KIR genes with PsA susceptibility. The search cut-off was May 2019. Odds Ratio (OR), 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI), and forest plots were obtained for each KIR gene. Publication bias was evaluated by Begg and Egger linear regression tests. Results: Five articles were included in this meta-analysis. The KIR2DL2, 2DS1, 2DS2, and 2DS3 genes were positively associated with susceptibility to PsA (OR = 1.269, p = .003; OR = 1.392, p < .001; OR = 1.279, p = .002; and OR = 1.230, p = .038, respectively). In Caucasians, positive association with susceptibility to PsA were maintained by KIR2DL2, 2DS1, and 2DS2 genes (OR = 1.257, p = .005; OR = 1.535, p = .003; and OR = 1.267, p = .004, respectively). Conclusion: These associations suggest that KIR2DL2, 2DS1, 2DS2, and 2DS3 genes are susceptibility factors for PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Enciso-Vargas
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG) , Ocotlán, México
| | - Liliana Alvarado-Ruíz
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Zapopan, Universidad del Valle de México , Zapopan, México
| | - Alexis Sayuri Suárez-Villanueva
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Zapopan, Universidad del Valle de México , Zapopan, México.,Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, UDG , Zapopan, México
| | - José Macías-Barragán
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Biológicos, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Valles (CUValles), UDG , Ameca, México
| | - Margarita Montoya-Buelna
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), UDG , Guadalajara, México
| | - Edén Oceguera-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Biológicos, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Valles (CUValles), UDG , Ameca, México
| | - Anabell Alvarado-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología, Departamento de Fisiología, CUCS, UDG , Guadalajara, México
| | - Omar Graciano-Machuca
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Biológicos, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Valles (CUValles), UDG , Ameca, México
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Melis M, Littera R, Cocco E, Frau J, Lai S, Congeddu E, Ragatzu P, Serra M, Loi V, Maddi R, Pitzalis R, Orrù S, Chessa L, Perra A, Carcassi C. Entropy of human leukocyte antigen and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor systems in immune-mediated disorders: A pilot study on multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226615. [PMID: 31846493 PMCID: PMC6917289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entropy is a thermodynamic variable statistically correlated with the disorder of a system. The hypothesis that entropy can be used to identify potentially unhealthy conditions was first suggested by Schrödinger, one of the founding fathers of quantum mechanics. Shannon later defined entropy as the quantity of information stored in a system. Shannon's entropy has the advantage of being adaptable across a variety of disciplines, including genetic studies on complex immunogenetic systems such as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) systems. METHODS In our study, entropy associated to the HLA and KIR systems was compared between a cohort of 619 Sardinian healthy controls and a group of 270 patients affected by multiple sclerosis (MS), the latter stratified into 81 patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) and 189 patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). RESULTS The entropy associated to HLA four-loci haplotypes (A, B, C, DR) and combinations of two inhibitory KIR genes was significantly higher in patients affected by RRMS than in healthy controls. No significant differences were observed for patients with PPMS. By calculating the total HLA and KIR entropy ratio in each subject, it was possible to determine the individual risk of developing MS, particularly RRMS. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the standard statistical methods used to evaluate immunogenetic parameters associated to immune-mediated disease, the analysis of entropy measures the global disorder status deriving from these parameters. This innovative approach may represent a useful complementary tool to the risk assessment of immune-mediated disorders. Improved risk assessment is particularly important for family members of patients with MS. However, further investigation is warranted to confirm our findings and to evaluate the validity of the entropy-based method in other types of immune-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Melis
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Littera
- Complex Structure of Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cocco
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, University of Cagliari/ATS Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jessica Frau
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, University of Cagliari/ATS Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sara Lai
- Complex Structure of Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
| | - Elena Congeddu
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Ragatzu
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- Complex Structure of Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
| | - Valentina Loi
- Complex Structure of Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
| | - Roberta Maddi
- Complex Structure of Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
| | - Roberta Pitzalis
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, University of Cagliari/ATS Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sandro Orrù
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luchino Chessa
- Center for the Study of Liver Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Perra
- Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carlo Carcassi
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Chaisri S, Pabalan N, Tabunhan S, Tharabenjasin P, Sankuntaw N, Leelayuwat C. Effects of the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) polymorphisms on HIV acquisition: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225151. [PMID: 31790432 PMCID: PMC6886768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic involvement of Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) polymorphisms and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-exposed seronegative (HESN) compared to HIV-infected (HIVI) individuals has been reported. However, inconsistency of the outcomes reduces precision of the estimates. A meta-analysis was applied to obtain more precise estimates of association. METHODS A multi-database literature search yielded thirteen case-control studies. Risks were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with significance set at a two-tailed P-value of ≤ 0.05. We used two levels of analyses: (1) gene content that included 13 KIR polymorphisms (2DL1-3, 2DL5A, 2DL5B, 2DS1-3, 2DS4F, 2DS4D, 2DS5, 3DL1 and 3DS1); and (2) 3DL1/S1 genotypes. Subgroup analysis was ethnicity-based (Caucasians, Asians and Africans). Outlier treatment was applied to heterogeneous effects which dichotomized the outcomes into pre-outlier (PRO) and post-outlier (PSO). Multiple comparisons were addressed with the Bonferroni correction. RESULTS We generated 52 and 18 comparisons from gene content and genotype analyses, respectively. Of the 70 comparisons, 13 yielded significant outcomes, two (indicating reduced risk) of which survived the Bonferroni correction (Pc). These protective effects pointed to the Caucasian subgroup in 2DL3 (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.09, 0.40, Pc < 10-3) and 3DS1S1 (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.24, 0.56, Pc < 10-3). These two PSO outcomes yielded effects of increased magnitude and precision, as well as raised significance and deemed robust by sensitivity analysis. Of the two, the 2DL3 effect was improved with a test of interaction (Pc interaction < 10-4). CONCLUSION Multiple meta-analytical treatments presented strong evidence of the protective effect (up to 81%) of the KIR polymorphisms (2DL3 and 3DS1S1) among Caucasians. The Asian and African outcomes were inconclusive due to the low number of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwit Chaisri
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Noel Pabalan
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Sompong Tabunhan
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Phuntila Tharabenjasin
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nipaporn Sankuntaw
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chanvit Leelayuwat
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Banerjee PP, Pang L, Soldan SS, Miah SM, Eisenberg A, Maru S, Waldman A, Smith EA, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Hirschberg D, Smith A, Ablashi DV, Campbell KS, Orange JS. KIR2DL4-HLAG interaction at human NK cell-oligodendrocyte interfaces regulates IFN-γ-mediated effects. Mol Immunol 2019; 115:39-55. [PMID: 30482463 PMCID: PMC6543535 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between germline-encoded natural killer (NK) cell receptors and their respective ligands on tumorigenic or virus-infected cells determine NK cell cytotoxic activity and/or cytokine secretion. NK cell cytokine responses can be augmented in and can potentially contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system focused upon the oligodendrocytes (OLs). To investigate mechanisms by which NK cells may contribute to MS pathogenesis, we developed an in vitro human model of OL-NK cell interaction. We found that activated, but not resting human NK cells form conjugates with, and mediate cytotoxicity against, human oligodendrocytes. NK cells, when in conjugate with OLs, rapidly synthesize and polarize IFN-γ toward the OLs. IFN-γ is capable of reducing myelin oligodendrocyte and myelin associated glycoproteins (MOG and MAG) content. This activity is independent of MHC class-I mediated inhibition via KIR2DL1, but dependent upon the interaction between NK cell-expressed KIR2DL4 and its oligodendrocyte-expressed ligand, HLA-G. NK cells from patients with MS express higher levels of IFN-γ following conjugation to OLs, more actively promote in vitro reduction of MOG and MAG and have higher frequencies of the KIR2DL4 positive population. These data collectively suggest a mechanism by which NK cells can promote pathogenic effects upon OLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Banerjee
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX-77030, USA; Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - L Pang
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - S S Soldan
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - S M Miah
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - A Eisenberg
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - S Maru
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A Waldman
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E A Smith
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX-77030, USA; Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Y Rosenberg-Hasson
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - D Hirschberg
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - A Smith
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX-77030, USA; Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - D V Ablashi
- Human Herpes Virus 6 Foundation, 1482 East Valley Road, Suite 619 Santa Barbara, CA 93108, USA
| | - K S Campbell
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - J S Orange
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX-77030, USA; Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Pirzadroozbahani N, Ahmadi SAY, Hekmat H, Roozbahani GA, Shahsavar F. Autism and KIR genes of the human genome: A brief meta-analysis. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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10
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Boudreau JE, Hsu KC. Natural killer cell education in human health and disease. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 50:102-111. [PMID: 29413815 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells maintain immune homeostasis by detecting and eliminating damaged cells. Simultaneous activating and inhibitory input are integrated by NK cells, with the net signal prompting cytotoxicity and cytokine production, or inhibition. Chief among the inhibitory ligands for NK cells are 'self' human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules, which are sensed by killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). Through a process called 'education', the functional capabilities of each NK cell are counterbalanced by their sensitivity for inhibition by co-inherited 'self' HLA. HLA and their ligands, the killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), are encoded by polymorphic, polygenic gene loci that segregate independently, therefore, NK education and function differ even between related individuals. In this review, we describe how variation in NK education, reactivity and sensitivity for inhibition impacts reproductive success, infection, cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette E Boudreau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Katharine C Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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Shahsavar F, Varzi AM, Ahmadi SAY. A genomic study on distribution of human leukocyte antigen ( HLA) -A and HLA-B alleles in Lak population of Iran. GENOMICS DATA 2016; 11:3-6. [PMID: 27900264 PMCID: PMC5122700 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anthropological studies based on the highly polymorphic gene, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), provide useful information for bone marrow donor registry, forensic medicine, disease association studies, as well as infertility treatment, designing peptide vaccines against tumors, and infectious or autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to determine HLA-A and HLA-B allele frequencies in 100 unrelated Lak/lᴂk/individuals from Lorestan province of Iran. Finally, we compared the results with that previously described in Iranian population. Commercial HLA-Type kits from BAG (Lich, Germany) company were used for determination of the HLA-A and HLA-B allele frequencies in genomic DNA, based on polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) assay. The differences between the populations in distribution of HLA-A and HLA-B alleles were estimated by chi-squared test with Yate's correction. The most frequent HLA-A alleles were *24 (20%), *02 (18%), *03 (12%) and *11 (10%), and the most frequent HLA-B alleles were *35 (24%), *51 (16%), *18 (6%) and *38 (6%) in Lak population. HLA-A*66 (1%), *74(1%) and HLA-B*48 (1%), *55(1%) were the least observed frequencies in Lak population. Our results based on HLA-A and HLA-B allele frequencies showed that Lak population possesses the previously reported general features of Iranians but still with unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Shahsavar
- Department of immunology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali-Mohammad Varzi
- Department of immunology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Seyyed Amir Yasin Ahmadi
- Research Office for the History of Persian Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Ghanadi K, Shayanrad B, Ahmadi SAY, Shahsavar F, Eliasy H. Colorectal cancer and the KIR genes in the human genome: A meta-analysis. GENOMICS DATA 2016; 10:118-126. [PMID: 27843767 PMCID: PMC5099266 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of inflammation-based cancers and is occurred due to growth and spread of cancer cells in colon and/or rectum. Previously genetic association of cell cycle genes, both proto-oncogenes and the tumor suppressors has been proved. But there were few studies about association of immune related genes such as killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). Thus we intend to perform a meta-analysis to find the association of different genes of KIR and susceptibility to be affected by colorectal cancer. The overall population of the four studies investigated in our meta-analysis was 953 individuals (470 individuals with colorectal cancer and 483 individuals in control groups). After the analyses, we concluded that colorectal cancer is affected by KIR2DS5 and also there were no protecting gene. This result shows the inflammatory basis of this cancer. In other words, in contrast to leukemia and blood cancers, colorectal cancers seem to be affected by hyper activity of natural killer-cells (NKs). Whys and therefore of this paradox, is suggested to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koroush Ghanadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Bahareh Shayanrad
- Department of Immunology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Shahsavar
- Department of Immunology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hossein Eliasy
- Research Office for the History of Persian Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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