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Hernández-Gómez C, Hernández-Lemus E, Espinal-Enríquez J. CNVs in 8q24.3 do not influence gene co-expression in breast cancer subtypes. Front Genet 2023; 14:1141011. [PMID: 37274786 PMCID: PMC10236314 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1141011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene co-expression networks are a useful tool in the study of interactions that have allowed the visualization and quantification of diverse phenomena, including the loss of co-expression over long distances in cancerous samples. This characteristic, which could be considered fundamental to cancer, has been widely reported in various types of tumors. Since copy number variations (CNVs) have previously been identified as causing multiple genetic diseases, and gene expression is linked to them, they have often been mentioned as a probable cause of loss of co-expression in cancerous networks. In order to carry out a comparative study of the validity of this statement, we took 477 protein-coding genes from chromosome 8, and the CNVs of 101 genes, also protein-coding, belonging to the 8q24.3 region, a cytoband that is particularly active in the appearance of breast cancer. We created CNVS-conditioned co-expression networks of each of the 101 genes in the 8q24.3 region using conditional mutual information. The study was carried out using the four molecular subtypes of breast cancer (Luminal A, Luminal B, Her2, and Basal), as well as a case corresponding to healthy samples. We observed that in all cancer cases, the measurement of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic shows that there are no significant differences between one and other values of the CNVs for any case. Furthermore, the co-expression interactions are stronger in all cancer subtypes than in the control networks. However, the control network presents a homogeneously distributed set of co-expression interactions, while for cancer networks, the highest interactions are more confined to specific cytobands, in particular 8q24.3 and 8p21.3. With this approach, we demonstrate that despite copy number alterations in the 8q24 region being a common trait in breast cancer, the loss of long-distance co-expression in breast cancer is not determined by CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelario Hernández-Gómez
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, México City, Mexico
- Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, México City, Mexico
- Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Espinal-Enríquez
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, México City, Mexico
- Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
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Gu Y, Lin X, Kapoor A, Chow MJ, Jiang Y, Zhao K, Tang D. The Oncogenic Potential of the Centromeric Border Protein FAM84B of the 8q24.21 Gene Desert. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030312. [PMID: 32183428 PMCID: PMC7140883 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
FAM84B is a risk gene in breast and prostate cancers. Its upregulation is associated with poor prognosis of prostate cancer, breast cancer, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. FAM84B facilitates cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, and xenograft growth in vivo. The FAM84B and Myc genes border a 1.2 Mb gene desert at 8q24.21. Co-amplification of both occurs in 20 cancer types. Mice deficient of a 430 Kb fragment within the 1.2 Mb gene desert have downregulated FAM84B and Myc expressions concurrent with reduced breast cancer growth. Intriguingly, Myc works in partnership with other oncogenes, including Ras. FAM84B shares similarities with the H-Ras-like suppressor (HRASLS) family over their typical LRAT (lecithin:retinal acyltransferase) domain. This domain contains a catalytic triad, H23, H35, and C113, which constitutes the phospholipase A1/2 and O-acyltransferase activities of HRASLS1-5. These enzymatic activities underlie their suppression of Ras. FAM84B conserves H23 and H35 but not C113 with both histidine residues residing within a highly conserved motif that FAM84B shares with HRASLS1-5. Deletion of this motif abolishes FAM84B oncogenic activities. These properties suggest a collaboration of FAM84B with Myc, consistent with the role of the gene desert in strengthening Myc functions. Here, we will discuss recent research on FAM84B-derived oncogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mathilda Jing Chow
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Kuncheng Zhao
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (M.J.C.); (Y.J.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(905)-522-1155 (ext. 35168)
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Tong Y, Yu T, Li S, Zhao F, Ying J, Qu Y, Mu D. Cumulative Evidence for Relationships Between 8q24 Variants and Prostate Cancer. Front Physiol 2018; 9:915. [PMID: 30061842 PMCID: PMC6055007 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple independent cancer susceptibility loci at chromosome 8q24 have been identified by GWAS (Genome-wide association studies). Forty six articles including 60,293 cases and 62,971 controls were collected to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the associations between 21 variants in 8q24 and prostate cancer risk. Of the 21 variants located in 8q2\5 were significantly associated with the risk of prostate cancer. In particular, both homozygous AA and heterozygous CA genotypes of rs16901979, as well as the AA and CA genotypes of rs1447295, were associated with the risk of prostate cancer. Our study showed that variants in the 8q24 region are associated with prostate cancer risk in this large-scale research synopsis and meta-analysis. Further studies are needed to explore the role of the 8q24 variants involved in the etiology of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengyan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Feki-Tounsi M, Khlifi R, Louati I, Fourati M, Mhiri MN, Hamza-Chaffai A, Rebai A. Polymorphisms in XRCC1, ERCC2, and ERCC3 DNA repair genes, CYP1A1 xenobiotic metabolism gene, and tobacco are associated with bladder cancer susceptibility in Tunisian population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:22476-22484. [PMID: 28803404 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9767-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Other than the established environmental risk factors associated with bladder cancer (BC), little is known about the genetic variations determining the individual susceptibility of this complex disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of BC with environmental agents and polymorphisms in XRCC1, ERCC2, and ERCC3 DNA repair genes and CYP1A1, CYP2D6, NAT1, and NAT2 xenobiotic metabolism genes through a hospital-based case-control study in Tunisia. The selection of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs25487, rs 13181, rs415407, rs446421, rs1058172, rs4921880, and rs1208) was performed using the dbSNP database. DNA genotyping was determined by PCR-RFLP after DNA extraction from whole blood. The risks of BC associated with every polymorphism as well as the studied environmental factors were estimated by multivariate-adjusted logistic regression using R software. In addition, gene-gene interactions were analyzed using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) methods. Results showed that tobacco smoking and chewing parameters were significantly associated with BC risk. Single-gene variant analysis showed significant associations of the TT genotype of CYP1A1 and the rare GG genotype of ERCC2 with bladder cancer susceptibility (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.22-1.40, P < 0.0001). According to GMDR analysis, our findings indicated a significant association between BC and gene-gene interaction among the CYP1A1, ERCC3, and XRCC1. The present results suggest a potential role of XRCC1, ERCC2, ERCC3, and CYP1A1 besides tobacco intake in susceptibility to BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molka Feki-Tounsi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Po Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, UR 09-03, Sfax University, IPEIS, BP 1172, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Rim Khlifi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Po Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, UR 09-03, Sfax University, IPEIS, BP 1172, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ibtihel Louati
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Po Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Fourati
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Po Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, UR 09-03, Sfax University, IPEIS, BP 1172, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Urology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Amel Hamza-Chaffai
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology, UR 09-03, Sfax University, IPEIS, BP 1172, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Rebai
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Po Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
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Zeng Y, Jiang HY, Wei L, Xu WD, Wang YJ, Wang YD, Liu C. Association between the CYP1A2 rs762551 Polymorphism and Bladder Cancer Susceptibility: a Meta-Analysis Based on Case-Control Studies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:7249-54. [PMID: 26514519 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.7249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies evaluated associations between the CYP1A2 rs762551 polymorphism and bladder cancer risk. However, the results were inconsistent. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of the published case-control studies to assess in detail the association between CYP1A2 rs762551 polymorphism and bladder cancer risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched to identify relevant studies and the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated. RESULTS A total of seven articles including 3,013 cases and 2,771 controls were finally included. Overall, a significant association was found between the CYP1A2 rs762551 polymorphism and bladder cancer susceptibility for CC vs AA (OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.69~0.99), but no significant associations were found for the other three models (AC vs AA: OR=0.91, 95% CI=0.81~1.02; the dominant model: OR=0.90, 95% CI=0.80~1.00; the recessive model: OR=0.84, 95% CI =0.72~1.00). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, we detected significant associations between the CYP1A2 rs762551 polymorphism and bladder cancer susceptibility for GA vs GG (OR = 0.78, 95% CI =0.64~0.96) and for the recessive model (OR=0.80, 95% CI=0.66~0.96) in Caucasians, but not for Asians. CONCLUSIONS The results from the meta-analysis suggested that the CYP1A2 rs762551 polymorphism is a protective factor for bladder cancer, especially in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zeng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital , Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China E-mail :
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Singh V, Jaiswal PK, Mittal RD. Replicative study of GWAS TP63C/T, TERTC/T, and SLC14A1C/T with susceptibility to bladder cancer in North Indians. Urol Oncol 2014; 32:1209-14. [PMID: 25218484 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome-wide association studies have confirmed association of TP63C/T rs710521, TERTC/T rs2736098, and SLC14A1C/T rs17674580 gene variants with susceptibility to bladder cancer (BC) in European and White population. However, the risk conferred for BC for above gene variants in North Indians is unknown. We therefore, studied the association of TP63C/T, TERTC/T, and SLC14A1C/T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a risk of BC susceptibility in North Indian cohort. MATERIAL AND METHODS In histologically confirmed 225 BC cases and 240 healthy controls, 3 SNPs were genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction. To evaluate the SNP effects on BC susceptibility, odds ratio (OR) and CI 95% were calculated. RESULTS In case of TP63C/T, the variant genotype (TT) showed significant reduced risk for BC (P = 0.045, OR = 0.53). Combining heterozygous and variant genotypes also demonstrated reduced risk for BC (P< 0.001, OR = 0.54). In case of TERTC/T, heterozygous genotype (CT) as well as variant genotype (TT) showed significant risk for BC susceptibility (P = 0.031, OR = 1.77 and P = 0.004, OR = 2.78, respectively) along with T allelic level (P<0.001, OR = 4.19). Furthermore, in case of SLC14A1C/T gene polymorphism, the variant genotype (TT) showed significant high risk for BC susceptibility (P = 0.006; OR = 3.01) along with variant T allelic level (P = 0.003, OR = 1.52). Interestingly, smoking was also found to modulate risks for BC in case of TERT and SLC14A1 variant genotype (TT). Further clinical confounding factor, namely, tumor grade/stage level of cases, supports the genotypic data with TERT and SLC14A1 showing a risk for BC susceptibility. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that polymorphism in TERTC/T and SLC14A1C/T confirmed high risk for BC in North Indian population. However, TP63C/T showed reduced risk of BC susceptibility. More replicate studies with large sample size and diverse ethnicity are required to validate these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Singh
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rama Devi Mittal
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Wang Y, Kong CZ, Zhang Z, Yang CM, Li J. Relationships between CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:171-81. [PMID: 24552248 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis aims at evaluating the relationships between CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk. The PubMed, CISCOM, CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and CBM databases were searched from inception through November 1st, 2013 without language restrictions. Meta-analysis was conducted with the use of the STATA 12.0 software. The relationships were evaluated by calculating the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Eight case-control studies with a total of 2120 bladder cancer patients and 2061 healthy subjects met the inclusion criteria. Ten common polymorphisms in the CYP1A1 gene were assessed. The results of our meta-analysis suggested that CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms might be strongly correlated with an increased risk of bladder cancer (allele model: OR=1.23, 95%CI=1.08-1.39, p=0.001; dominant model: OR=1.25, 95%CI=1.07-1.46, p=0.005; respectively), especially for 11599G>C, 2455A>G, 3810T>C, and 113T>C polymorphisms. A subgroup analysis was done to investigate the effect of ethnicity on an individual's risk of bladder cancer. Our results revealed positive significant correlations between CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms and an increased risk of bladder cancer among Asians (allele model: OR=1.33, 95%CI=1.08-1.65, p=0.009; dominant model: OR=1.37, 95%CI=1.02-1.85, p=0.034; respectively), but not among Caucasians (all p<0.05). Our findings provide convincing evidence that CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms may contribute to susceptibility to bladder cancer, especially for 11599G>C, 2455A>G, 3810T>C, and 113T>C polymorphisms among Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Gong M, Yi Q, Wang W. Association between NQO1 C609T polymorphism and bladder cancer susceptibility: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2551-6. [PMID: 23749485 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence for the important roles of genetic factors in the host's susceptibility to bladder cancer. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the two-electron reduction of quinoid compounds into hydroquinones. Since the NQO1 C609T polymorphism is linked to enzymatic activity of NQO1, it has also been hypothesized that NQO1 C609T polymorphism may affect the host's susceptibility to bladder cancer by modifying the exposure to carcinogens. There were many studies carried out to assess the association between NQO1 C609T polymorphism and bladder cancer risk, but they reported contradictory results. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the hypotheses that the NQO1 C609T polymorphism modifies the risk of bladder cancer. Eleven case-control studies with 2,937 bladder cancer cases and 3,008 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, there was no obvious association between NQO1 C609T polymorphism and bladder cancer susceptibility (for T versus C: odds ratio (OR) = 1.12, 95 % confidence interval (95 %CI) 0.99-1.26, P OR = 0.069; for TT versus CC: OR = 1.31, 95 %CI 0.95-1.81, P OR = 0.100; for TT/CT versus CC: OR = 1.06, 95 %CI 0.95-1.18, P OR = 0.304; for TT versus CT/CC: OR = 1.29, 95 %CI 0.94-1.77, P OR = 0.112). After adjusting for heterogeneity, meta-analysis of those left 10 studies showed that there was an obvious association between NQO1 C609T polymorphism and bladder cancer susceptibility (for T versus C: OR = 1.18, 95 %CI 1.06-1.31, P OR = 0.003; for TT versus CC: OR = 1.47, 95 %CI 1.14-1.90, P OR = 0.003; for TT/CT versus CC: OR = 1.16, 95 %CI 1.01-1.34, P OR = 0.036; for TT versus CT/CC: OR = 1.39, 95 %CI 1.10-1.75, P OR = 0.006). There was low risk of publication bias. Therefore, our meta-analysis suggests that NQO1 C609T polymorphism is associated with bladder cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gong
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Huinan Town, Shanghai, 201399, China
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Intravesical instillation of c-MYC inhibitor KSI-3716 suppresses orthotopic bladder tumor growth. J Urol 2013; 191:510-8. [PMID: 23872029 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE c-MYC is a promising target for cancer therapy but its use is restricted by unwanted, devastating side effects. We explored whether intravesical instillation of the c-MYC inhibitor KSI-3716 could suppress tumor growth in murine orthotopic bladder xenografts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The small molecule KSI-3716, which blocks c-MYC/MAX binding to target gene promoters, was used as an intravesical chemotherapy agent. KSI-3716 action was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, transcription reporter assay and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Inhibition of cell proliferation and its mechanism was monitored by cell cytotoxicity assay, EdU incorporation assay and flow cytometry. The in vivo efficacy of KSI-3716 was examined by noninvasive luminescence imaging and histological analysis after intravesical instillation of KSI-3716 in murine orthotopic bladder xenografts. RESULTS KSI-3716 blocked c-MYC/MAX from forming a complex with target gene promoters. c-MYC mediated transcriptional activity was inhibited by KSI-3716 at concentrations as low as 1 μM. The expression of c-MYC target genes, such as cyclin D2, CDK4 and hTERT, was markedly decreased. KSI-3716 exerted cytotoxic effects on bladder cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Intravesical instillation of KSI-3716 at a dose of 5 mg/kg significantly suppressed tumor growth with minimal systemic toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The c-MYC inhibitor KSI-3716 could be developed as an effective intravesical chemotherapy agent for bladder cancer.
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Dudek AM, Grotenhuis AJ, Vermeulen SH, Kiemeney LALM, Verhaegh GW. Urinary bladder cancer susceptibility markers. What do we know about functional mechanisms? Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12346-66. [PMID: 23752272 PMCID: PMC3709789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been successful in the identification of the several urinary bladder cancer (UBC) susceptibility loci, pointing towards novel genes involved in tumor development. Despite that, functional characterization of the identified variants remains challenging, as they mostly map to poorly understood, non-coding regions. Recently, two of the UBC risk variants (PSCA and UGT1A) were confirmed to have functional consequences. They were shown to modify bladder cancer risk by influencing gene expression in an allele-specific manner. Although the role of the other UBC risk variants is unknown, it can be hypothesized-based on studies from different cancer types-that they influence cancer susceptibility by alterations in regulatory networks. The insight into UBC heritability gained through GWAS and further functional studies can impact on cancer prevention and screening, as well as on the development of new biomarkers and future personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Dudek
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 16, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (L.A.L.M.K.); (G.W.V.)
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (A.J.G.); (S.H.V.)
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Anne J. Grotenhuis
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (A.J.G.); (S.H.V.)
- Nijmegen Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Sita H. Vermeulen
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (A.J.G.); (S.H.V.)
- Nijmegen Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A. L. M. Kiemeney
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 16, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (L.A.L.M.K.); (G.W.V.)
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (A.J.G.); (S.H.V.)
- Nijmegen Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 16, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (L.A.L.M.K.); (G.W.V.)
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
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TERT-CLPTM1L polymorphism rs401681 contributes to cancers risk: evidence from a meta-analysis based on 29 publications. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50650. [PMID: 23226346 PMCID: PMC3511286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some common genetic variants of TERT-CLPTM1L gene, which encode key protein subunits of telomerase, have been suggested to play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. The TERT-CLPTM1L polymorphism rs401681 was of special interest for cancers risk but with inconclusive results. Methodology/Principal Findings We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of 29 publications with a total of 91263 cases and 735952 controls. We assessed the strength of the association between rs401681 and overall cancers risk and performed subgroup analyses by cancer type, ethnicity, source of control, sample size and expected power. Rs401681 C allele was found to be associated with marginally increased cancers risk, with per allele OR of 1.04 (95%CI = 1.00–1.08, Pheterogeneity<0.001) and an expected power of 1.000. Following further stratified analyses, the increased cancers risk were discovered in subgroups of lung, bladder, prostate, basal cell carcinomas and Asians, while a declined risk of pancreatic cancer and melanoma were detected. Conclusions/Significance These findings suggested that rs401681 C allele was a low-penetrance risk allele for the development of cancers of lung, bladder, prostate and basal cell carcinoma, but a potential protective allele for melanoma and pancreatic cancer.
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Wang T, Zhang L, Li H, Wang B, Chen K. Prostate stem cell antigen polymorphisms and susceptibility to gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:843-50. [PMID: 22426141 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have reported that prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) polymorphisms (rs2294008 and/or 2976392) are significantly associated with gastric cancer (GC) risk, although the published results are inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis for relevant literatures to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between PSCA polymorphisms and GC susceptibility. METHODS Extensive searches were conducted in three databases up to November 1, 2011. ORs and 95% CIs were used to assess the strength of the associations. The data were further stratified by ethnicity, histopathology, subsite, and study design. All of the associations were evaluated with dominant model and recessive model, respectively. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed by Q test, I(2), and funnel plot accordingly. RESULTS Nine articles including 11 case-control data sets were included, with 10,746 GC cases and 9,158 controls for rs2294008 and 6,060 cases and 4,824 controls for rs2976392. The results showed that risk allele carriers were significantly associated with GC risk compared with nonrisk allele homozygotes. In stratification analyses, these associations remained significant for majority of subgroups except for Caucasians and noncardia tumor in dominant model, and cardia tumor in both dominant and recessive model. Random model was used when heterogeneity among studies was detected. No publication bias was observed. CONCLUSIONS The two loci of PSCA (rs2294008 and rs2976392) were both significantly associated with GC susceptibility and in linkage disequilibrium. IMPACT More prospective studies on PSCA polymorphisms at multicenters with sufficient sample size and less heterogeneity will be needed for further validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Cell cycle control and DNA damage response of conditionally immortalized urothelial cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16595. [PMID: 21305048 PMCID: PMC3030598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children with complex urogenital anomalies often require bladder reconstruction. Gastrointestinal tissues used in bladder augmentations exhibit a greatly increased risk of malignancy, and the bladder microenvironment may play a role in this carcinogenesis. Investigating the influences of the bladder microenvironment on gastrointestinal and urothelial cell cycle checkpoint activation and DNA damage response has been limited by the lack of an appropriate well-differentiated urothelial cell line system. Methodology/Principal Findings To meet this need, we have developed a well-differentiated conditionally immortalized urothelial cell line by isolating it from the H-2Kb-tsA58 transgenic mouse. These cells express a thermosensitive SV40 large T antigen that can be deactivated by adjustment of cell culture conditions, allowing the cell line to regain normal control of the cell cycle. The isolated urothelial cell line demonstrates a polygonal, dome-shaped morphology, expresses cytokeratin 18, and exhibits well-developed tight junctions. Adaptation of the urothelial cell line to hyperosmolal culture conditions induces expression of both cytokeratin 20 and uroplakin II, markers of a superficial urothelial cell or “umbrella cell.” This cell line can be maintained indefinitely in culture under permissive conditions but when cultured under non-permissive conditions, large T antigen expression is reduced substantially, leading to increased p53 activity and reduced cellular proliferation. Conclusions/Significance This new model of urothelial cells, along with gastrointestinal cell lines previously derived from the H-2Kb-tsA58 transgenic mouse, will be useful for studying the potential mechanisms of carcinogenesis of the augmented bladder.
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Grotenhuis AJ, Vermeulen SH, Kiemeney LA. Germline genetic markers for urinary bladder cancer risk, prognosis and treatment response. Future Oncol 2011; 6:1433-60. [PMID: 20919828 DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
After decades of research using a candidate gene approach, only NAT2 and GSTM1 have consistently been demonstrated to be germline genetic susceptibility markers for urinary bladder cancer (UBC). The recent shift to an agnostic genome-wide association approach led to the identification of several UBC susceptibility loci, and provided valuable leads for new mechanistic insights into UBC carcinogenesis. The markers do not have sufficient discriminatory ability yet to be applied for risk assessment in the population and the question is whether they ever will. Prognostic and predictive studies in UBC are still in their infancy compared with etiologic studies. In the future, focus on a genome-wide association approach possibly using whole-genome sequence data, consortia formation and meta-analyses, and blood and tumor tissue collection, preferably in the context of randomized controlled trials will stimulate well designed and sufficiently powered studies, and thereby enhance the elucidation of genetic prognostic and predictive markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Grotenhuis
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & HTA, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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George JW, Dille EA, Heckert LL. Current concepts of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene regulation. Biol Reprod 2011; 84:7-17. [PMID: 20739665 PMCID: PMC4480823 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.085043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a pituitary glycoprotein hormone, is an integral component of the endocrine axis that regulates gonadal function and fertility. To transmit its signal, FSH must bind to its receptor (FSHR) located on Sertoli cells of the testis and granulosa cells of the ovary. Thus, both the magnitude and the target of hormone response are controlled by mechanisms that determine FSHR levels and cell-specific expression, which are supported by transcription of its gene. The present review examines the status of FSHR/Fshr gene regulation, emphasizing the importance of distal sequences in FSHR/Fshr transcription, new insights gained from the influx of genomics data and bioinformatics, and emerging trends that offer direction in deciphering the FSHR/Fshr regulatory landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitu W. George
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Elizabeth A. Dille
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Leslie L. Heckert
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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