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Deshpande A, Brants J, Wasylyk C, van Hooij O, Verhaegh GW, Maas P, Schalken JA, Wasylyk B. TTLL12 has a potential oncogenic activity, suppression of ligation of nitrotyrosine to the C-terminus of detyrosinated α-tubulin, that can be overcome by molecules identified by screening a compound library. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296960. [PMID: 38394155 PMCID: PMC10889654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tubulin tyrosine ligase 12 (TTLL12) is a promising target for therapeutic intervention since it has been implicated in tumour progression, the innate immune response to viral infection, ciliogenesis and abnormal cell division. It is the most mysterious of a fourteen-member TTL/TTLL family, since, although it is the topmost conserved in evolution, it does not have predicted enzymatic activities. TTLL12 seems to act as a pseudo-enzyme that modulates various processes indirectly. Given the need to target its functions, we initially set out to identify a property of TTLL12 that could be used to develop a reliable high-throughput screening assay. We discovered that TTLL12 suppresses the cell toxicity of nitrotyrosine (3-nitrotyrosine) and its ligation to the C-terminus of detyrosinated α-tubulin (abbreviated to ligated-nitrotyrosine). Nitrotyrosine is produced by oxidative stress and is associated with cancer progression. Ligation of nitrotyrosine has been postulated to be a check-point induced by excessive cell stress. We found that the cytotoxicities of nitrotyrosine and tubulin poisons are independent of one another, suggesting that drugs that increase nitrotyrosination could be complementary to current tubulin-directed therapeutics. TTLL12 suppression of nitrotyrosination of α-tubulin was used to develop a robust cell-based ELISA assay that detects increased nitrotyrosination in cells that overexpress TTLL12 We adapted it to a high throughput format and used it to screen a 10,000 molecule World Biological Diversity SETTM collection of low-molecular weight molecules. Two molecules were identified that robustly activate nitrotyrosine ligation at 1 μM concentration. This is the pioneer screen for molecules that modulate nitrotyrosination of α-tubulin. The molecules from the screen will be useful for the study of TTLL12, as well as leads for the development of drugs to treat cancer and other pathologies that involve nitrotyrosination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Deshpande
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Jan Brants
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Christine Wasylyk
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Onno van Hooij
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Maas
- Specs, Bleiswijkseweg, Zoetermeer, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bohdan Wasylyk
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
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Weijers JAM, de Bitter TJJ, Verhaegh GW, van Boxtel W, Uijen MJM, van Engen-van Grunsven ACH, Driessen CML, Schalken JA, Ligtenberg MJL, van Herpen CML. Exploring the potential of circulating tumour DNA to monitor treatment response in salivary duct carcinoma patients of the CABO-ASAP trial. Oral Oncol 2023; 147:106620. [PMID: 37939426 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jetty A M Weijers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa J J de Bitter
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim van Boxtel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maike J M Uijen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Adriana C H van Engen-van Grunsven
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal M L Driessen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn J L Ligtenberg
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carla M L van Herpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Schoen C, Bloemen M, Carels CEL, Verhaegh GW, Van Rheden R, Roa LA, Glennon JC, Von den Hoff JW. A potential osteogenic role for microRNA-181a-5p during palatogenesis. Eur J Orthod 2023; 45:575-583. [PMID: 37454242 PMCID: PMC10756689 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous study, we found that the highly conserved hsa-miR-181a-5p is downregulated in palatal fibroblasts of non-syndromic cleft palate-only infants. OBJECTIVES To analyze the spatiotemporal expression pattern of mmu-miR-181a-5p during palatogenesis and identify possible mRNA targets and their involved molecular pathways. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of mmu-miR-181a-5p was analyzed in the developing palates of mouse embryos from E11 to E18 using qPCR and ISH. Mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme cells from E13 were used to analyze mmu-miR-181a-5p expression during osteogenic differentiation. Differential mRNA expression and target identification were analyzed using whole transcriptome RNA sequencing after transfection with a mmu-miR-181a-5p mimic. Differentially expressed genes were linked with underlying pathways using gene set enrichment analysis. RESULTS The expression of mmm-miR-181a-5p in the palatal shelves increased from E15 and overlapped with palatal osteogenesis. During early osteogenic differentiation, mmu-miR-181a-5p was upregulated. Transient overexpression resulted in 49 upregulated mRNAs and 108 downregulated mRNAs (adjusted P-value < 0.05 and fold change > ± 1.2). Ossification (Stc1, Mmp13) and cell-cycle-related GO terms were significantly enriched for upregulated mRNAs. Analysis of possible mRNA targets indicated significant enrichment of Hippo signaling (Ywhag, Amot, Frmd6 and Serpine1) and GO terms related to cell migration and angiogenesis. LIMITATIONS Transient overexpression of mmu-miR-181a-5p in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme cells limited its analysis to early osteogenesis. CONCLUSION Mmu-miR-181-5p expression is increased in the developing palatal shelves in areas of bone formation and targets regulators of the Hippo signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schoen
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjon Bloemen
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carine E L Carels
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and orthodontic clinic, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rene Van Rheden
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Laury A Roa
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- MERLN Institute for Technology—Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes W Von den Hoff
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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4
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Groen L, Kloots I, Englert D, Seto K, Estafanos L, Smith P, Verhaegh GW, Mehra N, Schalken JA. Transcriptome Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells to Predict Clinical Outcomes in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109002. [PMID: 37240349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical utility of circulating tumor cells (CTC) as a non-invasive multipurpose biomarker is broadly recognized. The earliest methods for enriching CTCs from whole blood rely on antibody-based positive selection. The prognostic utility of CTC enumeration using positive selection with the FDA-approved CellSearchTM system has been demonstrated in numerous studies. The capture of cells with specific protein phenotypes does not fully represent cancer heterogeneity and therefore does not realize the prognostic potential of CTC liquid biopsies. To avoid this selection bias, CTC enrichment based on size and deformability may provide better fidelity, i.e., facilitate the characterization of CTCs with any phenotype. In this study, the recently FDA-approved Parsortix® technology was used to enrich CTCs from prostate cancer (PCa) patients for transcriptome analysis using HyCEADTM technology. A tailored PCa gene panel allowed us to stratify metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients with clinical outcomes. In addition, our findings suggest that targeted CTC transcriptome profiling may be predictive of therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Groen
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Kloots
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kelly Seto
- ANGLE Biosciences Inc., Toronto, ON M9W 1B3, Canada
| | | | - Paul Smith
- ANGLE Biosciences Inc., Toronto, ON M9W 1B3, Canada
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niven Mehra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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5
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Hof JP, Vermeulen SH, van der Heijden AG, Verhaegh GW, Dyrskjøt L, Catto JW, Mengual L, Bryan RT, Fleshner NE, Kiemeney LA, Galesloot TE. An Association Study of Germline Variants in Bladder Cancer-Related Genes with the Prognosis of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Bladder Cancer 2023. [DOI: 10.3233/blc-220076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Various germline genetic variants are associated with the prognosis of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Germline variants in genes frequently somatically mutated in bladder cancer have not been studied thoroughly in relation to risk of recurrence or progression in NMIBC. OBJECTIVE: To identify germline DNA variants in bladder carcinogenesis-related genes associated with recurrence or progression in NMIBC. METHODS: We analysed associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and NMIBC recurrence and progression using data from the Nijmegen Bladder Cancer Study (NBCS, 1,443 patients). We included 5,053 SNPs within 46 genes known to have mutation, overexpression or amplification in bladder cancer. We included all recurrences in the statistical analysis and performed both single variant analysis and gene-based analysis. SNPs and genes that showed significant or suggestive association (false discovery rate P value < 20%) were followed-up in independent cohorts for replication analysis, and through eQTL analysis and tests for association of tumour expression levels with NMIBC recurrence and progression. RESULTS: Single variant analysis showed no statistically significant associations with recurrence or progression. In gene-based analysis, the aggregate effect of the 25 SNPs in the Cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) was statistically significantly associated with NMIBC recurrence (Punadj = 0.001, PFDR = 0.046), but not with progression (Punadj = 0.17, PFDR = 0.54). Validation analysis in independent cohorts did not confirm the association of CCND1 with NMIBC recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: We could not identify reproducible associations between common germline variants in bladder carcinogenesis-related genes and NMIBC recurrence or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper P. Hof
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sita H. Vermeulen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Urology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Dyrskjøt
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus University, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lourdes Mengual
- Universitat de Barcelona, Department and Laboratory of Urology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard T. Bryan
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - Neil E. Fleshner
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lambertus A.L.M. Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Urology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tessel E. Galesloot
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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6
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Lassche G, van Engen-van Grunsven ACH, van Hooij O, Aalders TW, Am Weijers J, Cocco E, Drilon A, Hoischen A, Neveling K, Schalken JA, Verhaegh GW, van Herpen CML. Precision oncology using organoids of a secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland treated with TRK-inhibitors. Oral Oncol 2023; 137:106297. [PMID: 36610231 PMCID: PMC10360362 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of anticancer drugs targeting specific molecular tumor characteristics is rapidly increasing in clinical practice, but selecting patients to benefit from these remains a challenge. It has been suggested that organoid cultures would be ideally suited to test drug responses in vitro. Here we describe and characterize in depth a case of ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion-positive secretory carcinoma of the salivary glands and corresponding organoid cultures that responded and subsequently acquired resistance to TRK targeting therapy with larotrectinib. This case-culture-characterization illustrates the advances made in precision oncology, but also exposes important caveats in using organoids to predict treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerben Lassche
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana C H van Engen-van Grunsven
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Onno van Hooij
- Department of Urology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tilly W Aalders
- Department of Urology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jetty Am Weijers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emiliano Cocco
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alexander Drilon
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud university medical center, Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Expertise Center for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammation and Radboud Center for Infectious Disease (RCI), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kornelia Neveling
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carla M L van Herpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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7
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Lassche G, van Boxtel W, Aalders TW, van Hooij O, van Engen - van Grunsven AC, Verhaegh GW, van Herpen CM, Schalken JA. Development and characterization of patient-derived salivary gland cancer organoid cultures. Oral Oncol 2022; 135:106186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Luna Velez MV, Paulino da Silva Filho O, Verhaegh GW, van Hooij O, El Boujnouni N, Brock R, Schalken JA. Delivery of antisense oligonucleotides for splice-correction of androgen receptor pre-mRNA in castration-resistant prostate cancer models using cell-penetrating peptides. Prostate 2022; 82:657-665. [PMID: 35098567 PMCID: PMC9303360 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a promising approach for delivering antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) as they form nanosized complexes through noncovalent interactions that show efficient cellular uptake. Previously, we have designed an AON system to correct splicing of the androgen receptor (AR) pre-mRNA, thereby preventing the generation of the splice variant AR-V7 mRNA. AON-mediated knockdown of AR-V7 resulted in inhibition of androgen-independent cell proliferation. In this study, we evaluated the CPP-mediated delivery of this AON into castration-resistant prostate cancer cell line models 22Rv1, DuCaP (dura mater cancer of the prostate), and VCaP (vertebral cancer of the prostate). METHODS Nanoparticles (polyplexes) of AONs and CPPs were formed through rapid mixing. The impact of the peptide carrier, the formulation parameters, and cell incubation conditions on cellular uptake of fluorescently labeled AONs were assessed through flow cytometry. The cytotoxic activity of these formulations was measured using the CellTiter-Glo cell viability assay. The effectivity of CPP-mediated delivery of the splice-correcting AON-intronic splicing enhancer (ISE) targeting the ISE in the castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)-derived 22Rv1, DuCaP, and VCaP cells was determined by measuring levels of AR-V7 mRNA normalized to those of the human heterochromatin protein 1 binding protein 3 (HP1BP3). Western blot analysis was used to confirm AR-V7 downregulation at a protein level. The cellular distribution of fluorescently labeled AON delivered by a CPP or a transfection reagent was determined through confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS The amphipathic and stearylated CPP PepFect 14 (PF14) showed higher uptake efficiency than arginine-rich CPPs. Through adjustment of formulation parameters, concentration and incubation time, an optimal balance between carrier-associated toxicity and delivery efficiency was found with a formulation consisting of an amino/phosphate ratio of 3, 0.35 μM AON concentration and 30 min incubation time of the cells with polyplexes. Cellular delivery of AON-ISE directed against AR pre-mRNA achieved significant downregulation of AR-V7 by 50%, 37%, and 59% for 22Rv1, DuCaP, and VCaP cells, respectively, and reduced androgen-independent cell proliferation of DuCaP and VCaP cells. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-principle study constitutes the basis for further development of CPP-mediated delivery of AONs for targeted therapy in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Luna Velez
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Omar Paulino da Silva Filho
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
- CAPES FoundationMinistry of Education of BrazilBrasíliaBrazil
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Onno van Hooij
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Najoua El Boujnouni
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical SciencesArabian Gulf UniversityKingdom of Bahrain
| | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
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9
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Boerrigter E, Benoist GE, van Oort IM, Verhaegh GW, de Haan AFJ, van Hooij O, Groen L, Smit F, Oving IM, de Mol P, Smilde TJ, Somford DM, Hamberg P, Dezentjé VO, Mehra N, van Erp NP, Schalken JA. RNA Biomarkers as a Response Measure for Survival in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6279. [PMID: 34944897 PMCID: PMC8699291 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment evaluation in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is challenging. There is an urgent need for biomarkers to discriminate short-term survivors from long-term survivors, shortly after treatment initiation. Thereto, the added value of early RNA biomarkers on predicting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were explored. The RNA biomarkers: KLK3 mRNA, miR-375, miR-3687, and NAALADL2-AS2 were measured in 93 patients with mCRPC, before and 1 month after start of first-line abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide treatment, in two prospective clinical trials. The added value of the biomarkers to standard clinical parameters in predicting PFS and OS was tested by Harell's C-index. To test whether the biomarkers were independent markers of PFS and OS, multivariate Cox regression was used. The best prediction model for PFS and OS was formed by adding miR-375 and KLK3 (at baseline and 1 month) to standard clinical parameters. Baseline miR-375 and detectable KLK3 after 1 month of therapy were independently related to shorter PFS, which was not observed for OS. In conclusion, the addition of KLK3 and miR-375 (at baseline and 1 month) to standard clinical parameters resulted in the best prediction model for survival assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmy Boerrigter
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.B.); (G.E.B.)
| | - Guillemette E. Benoist
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.B.); (G.E.B.)
| | - Inge M. van Oort
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (I.M.v.O.); (G.W.V.); (O.v.H.); (L.G.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (I.M.v.O.); (G.W.V.); (O.v.H.); (L.G.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Anton F. J. de Haan
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department for Health Evidence, Biostatistics, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Onno van Hooij
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (I.M.v.O.); (G.W.V.); (O.v.H.); (L.G.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Levi Groen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (I.M.v.O.); (G.W.V.); (O.v.H.); (L.G.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Frank Smit
- MDxHealth, 6534 AT Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Irma M. Oving
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente, 7609 PP Almelo, The Netherlands;
| | - Pieter de Mol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, 6716 RP Ede, The Netherlands;
| | - Tineke J. Smilde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 5223 GZ ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands;
| | - Diederik M. Somford
- Department of Urology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Paul Hamberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, 3045 PM Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Vincent O. Dezentjé
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Niven Mehra
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Medical Oncology, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Nielka P. van Erp
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.B.); (G.E.B.)
| | - Jack A. Schalken
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (I.M.v.O.); (G.W.V.); (O.v.H.); (L.G.); (J.A.S.)
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10
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Rönnau CGH, Fussek S, Smit FP, Aalders TW, van Hooij O, Pinto PMC, Burchardt M, Schalken JA, Verhaegh GW. Upregulation of miR-3195, miR-3687 and miR-4417 is associated with castration-resistant prostate cancer. World J Urol 2021; 39:3789-3797. [PMID: 33990872 PMCID: PMC8519832 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Upon androgen-deprivation therapy, the disease may progress further to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) with a poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which play crucial roles in gene regulation. The aim of our study is to find CRPC-associated miRNAs and to evaluate their functional role. METHODS In this study, 23 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 76 primary PCa, and 35 CRPC specimens were included. Total RNA extracted from tissue sections was used for miRNA profiling on the Affymetrix GSC 3000 platform. Subsequently, stem-loop RT-qPCR analysis was performed to validate the expression levels of selected miRNAs. PCa cell lines were transfected with miRNA mimics or inhibitors to evaluate the effects on cell proliferation, cell migration and cell invasion. RESULTS In our profiling study, several miRNAs were found to be deregulated in CRPC compared to primary PCa tissue, of which miR-205 (- 4.5-fold; p = 0.0009), miR-92b (- 3.1 fold; p < 0.0001) were downregulated and miR-3195 (5.6-fold; p < 0.0001), miR-3687 (8.7-fold; p = 0.0006) and miR-4417 (5.0-fold; p = 0.0005) were most upregulated. While KLK3, miR-21 and miR-141 expression levels in androgen-treated VCaP and LNCaP cells were increased, the expression levels of miR-3687 and miR-4417 were reduced. None of the miRNAs were androgen-regulated in the AR-negative PC3 cell line. Overexpression of miR-3687 reduced cell migration and cell invasion, whilst miR-3195 enhanced cell migration. CONCLUSION We have identified several novel deregulated miRNAs in CRPC tissue, including two microRNAs that are potentially involved in tumor invasion. Our data support the hypothesized involvement of miRNAs in PCa tumorigenesis and progression to CRPC. The applicability of these miRNAs as novel biomarkers for CRPC remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G H Rönnau
- Urological Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Urology, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Fussek
- Urological Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Urology, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - F P Smit
- MDxHealth BV, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T W Aalders
- Urological Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - O van Hooij
- Urological Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P M C Pinto
- Department of Urology, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Burchardt
- Department of Urology, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J A Schalken
- Urological Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G W Verhaegh
- Urological Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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11
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Hamid ARAH, Luna-Velez MV, Dudek AM, Jansen CFJ, Smit F, Aalders TW, Verhaegh GW, Schaafsma E, Sedelaar JPM, Schalken JA. Molecular Phenotyping of AR Signaling for Predicting Targeted Therapy in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:721659. [PMID: 34490120 PMCID: PMC8417043 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.721659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is defined by resistance of the tumor to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Several molecular changes, particularly in the AR signaling cascade, have been described that may explain ADT resistance. The variety of changes may also explain why the response to novel therapies varies between patients. Testing the specific molecular changes may be a major step towards personalized treatment of CRPC patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the molecular changes in the AR signaling cascade in CRPC patients. We have developed and validated several methods which are easy to use, and require little tissue material, for exploring AR signaling pathway changes simultaneously. We found that the AR signaling pathway is still active in the majority of our CRPC patients, due to molecular changes in AR signaling components. There was heterogeneity in the molecular changes observed, but we could classify the patients into 4 major subgroups which are: AR mutation, AR amplification, active intratumoral steroidogenesis, and combination of AR amplification and active intratumoral steroidogenesis. We suggest characterizing the AR signaling pathway in CRPC patients before beginning any new treatment, and a recent fresh tissue sample from the prostate or a metastatic site should be obtained for the purpose of this characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Rizal A H Hamid
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maria V Luna-Velez
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra M Dudek
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Tilly W Aalders
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ewout Schaafsma
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - John P M Sedelaar
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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12
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Lassche G, Tada Y, van Herpen CML, Jonker MA, Nagao T, Saotome T, Hirai H, Saigusa N, Takahashi H, Ojiri H, van Engen-Van Grunsven ACH, Schalken JA, Fushimi C, Verhaegh GW. Predictive and Prognostic Biomarker Identification in a Large Cohort of Androgen Receptor-Positive Salivary Duct Carcinoma Patients Scheduled for Combined Androgen Blockade. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143527. [PMID: 34298742 PMCID: PMC8307921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from recurrent or metastatic (R/M) salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) are often treated with combined androgen blockade (CAB). However, CAB frequently fails, resulting in a worse prognosis. Therefore, biomarkers that can predict treatment failure are urgently needed. mRNA from 76 R/M androgen receptor (AR)-positive SDC patients treated with leuprorelin acetate combined with bicalutamide was extracted from pre-treatment tumor specimens. AR, Notch, MAPK, TGFβ, estrogen receptor (ER), Hedgehog (HH), and PI3K signaling pathway activity scores (PAS) were determined based on the expression levels of target genes. Additionally, 5-alpha reductase type 1 (SRD5A1) expression was determined. These markers were related to clinical benefit (complete/partial response or stable disease ≥6 months) and progression-free and overall survival (PFS/OS). SRD5A1 expression had the highest general predictive value for clinical benefit and positive predictive value (PPV: 85.7%). AR PAS had the highest negative predictive value (NPV: 93.3%). The fitting of a multivariable model led to the identification of SRD5A1, TGFβ, and Notch PAS as the most predictive combination. High AR, high Notch, high ER, low HH PAS, and high SRD5A1 expression were also of prognostic importance regarding PFS and SRD5A1 expression levels for OS. AR, Notch PAS, and SRD5A1 expression have the potential to predict the clinical benefit of CAB treatment in SDC patients. SRD5A1 expression can identify patients that will and AR PAS patients that will not experience clinical benefit (85.7% and 93.3% for PPV and NPV, respectively). The predictive potential of SRD5A1 expression forms a rational basis for including SRD5A1-inhibitors in SDC patients' treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerben Lassche
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Yuichiro Tada
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Tokyo 108-8329, Japan; (Y.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Carla M. L. van Herpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-24-3667251
| | - Marianne A. Jonker
- Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Toshitaka Nagao
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (T.N.); (H.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Takashi Saotome
- Division of Medical Oncology, Matsudo City General Hospital, Chiba 270-2296, Japan;
| | - Hideaki Hirai
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (T.N.); (H.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Natsuki Saigusa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (T.N.); (H.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Hideaki Takahashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan;
| | - Hiroya Ojiri
- Department of Radiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan;
| | | | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.A.S.); (G.W.V.)
| | - Chihiro Fushimi
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Tokyo 108-8329, Japan; (Y.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.A.S.); (G.W.V.)
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13
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Boerrigter E, Benoist GE, van Oort IM, Verhaegh GW, van Hooij O, Groen L, Smit F, Oving IM, de Mol P, Smilde TJ, Somford DM, Mehra N, Schalken JA, van Erp NP. Liquid biopsy reveals KLK3 mRNA as a prognostic marker for progression free survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer undergoing first-line abiraterone acetate and prednisone treatment. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2453-2465. [PMID: 33650292 PMCID: PMC8410566 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating RNAs extracted from liquid biopsies represent a promising source of cancer‐ and therapy‐related biomarkers. We screened whole blood from patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) following their first‐line treatment with abiraterone acetate and prednisone (AA‐P) to identify circulating RNAs that may correlate with progression‐free survival (PFS). In a prospective multicenter observational study, 53 patients with mCRPC were included after they started first‐line AA‐P treatment. Blood was drawn at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment initiation. The levels of predefined circulating RNAs earlier identified as being upregulated in patients with mCRPC (e.g., microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and mRNAs), were analyzed. Uni‐ and multivariable Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses were used to analyze the prognostic value of the various circulating RNAs for PFS along treatment. Detectable levels of kallikrein‐related peptidase 3 (KLK3) mRNA at baseline were demonstrated to be an independent prognostic marker for PFS (201 vs 501 days, P = 0.00054). Three months after AA‐P treatment initiation, KLK3 could not be detected in the blood of responding patients, but was still detectable in 56% of the patients with early progression. Our study confirmed that KLK3 mRNA detection in whole blood is an independent prognostic marker in mCRPC patients receiving AA‐P treatment. Furthermore, the levels of circulating KLK3 mRNA in patients receiving AA‐P treatment might reflect treatment response or early signs of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmy Boerrigter
- Department of PharmacyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Health SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Guillemette E. Benoist
- Department of PharmacyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Health SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Inge M. van Oort
- Department of UrologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Department of UrologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Onno van Hooij
- Department of UrologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Levi Groen
- Department of UrologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Irma M. Oving
- Department of Medical OncologyZiekenhuisgroep TwenteAlmelothe Netherlands
| | - Pieter de Mol
- Department of Medical OncologyGelderse Vallei HospitalEdethe Netherlands
| | - Tineke J. Smilde
- Department of Medical OncologyJeroen Bosch Hospital‘s Hertogenboschthe Netherlands
| | | | - Niven Mehra
- Deparment of Medical OncologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of UrologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Nielka P. van Erp
- Department of PharmacyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Health SciencesNijmegenthe Netherlands
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14
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Luna-Velez MV, Dijkstra JJ, Heuschkel MA, Smit FP, van de Zande G, Smeets D, Sedelaar JPM, Vermeulen M, Verhaegh GW, Schalken JA. Androgen receptor signalling confers clonogenic and migratory advantages in urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1882-1900. [PMID: 33797847 PMCID: PMC8253097 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) incidence is about three times higher in men compared with women. There are several indications for the involvement of hormonal factors in the aetiology of UCC. Here, we provide evidence of androgen signalling in UCC progression. Microarray and qPCR analysis revealed that the androgen receptor (AR) mRNA level is upregulated in a subset of UCC cases. In an AR‐positive UCC‐derived cell line model, UM‐UC‐3‐AR, androgen treatment increased clonogenic capacity inducing the formation of big stem cell‐like holoclones, while AR knockdown or treatment with the AR antagonist enzalutamide abrogated this clonogenic advantage. Additionally, blockage of AR signalling reduced the cell migration potential of androgen‐stimulated UM‐UC‐3‐AR cells. These phenotypic changes were accompanied by a rewiring of the transcriptome with almost 300 genes being differentially regulated by androgens, some of which correlated with AR expression in UCC patients in two independent data sets. Our results demonstrate that AR signals in UCC favouring the development of an aggressive phenotype and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Luna-Velez
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jelmer J Dijkstra
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marina A Heuschkel
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Guillaume van de Zande
- Department of Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dominique Smeets
- Department of Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J P Michiel Sedelaar
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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15
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Lassche G, Tada Y, Van Herpen CM, Jonker MA, Keizer D, Verhaegh W, Nagao T, Saotome T, Hirai H, Saigusa N, van Engen - van Grunsven AC, Schalken JA, Fushimi C, Verhaegh GW. Predictive and prognostic biomarker identification in a large cohort of androgen receptor-positive salivary duct carcinoma patients scheduled for combined androgen blockade. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.6071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6071 Background: Patients suffering from recurrent or metastatic (R/M) salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) are often treated with combined androgen blockade (CAB). This treatment however frequently fails (response rates: 18-53%), resulting in a worse prognosis. Therefore, biomarkers that have prognostic value and can predict treatment response are urgently needed. Methods: mRNA from 77 R/M androgen receptor (AR) positive SDC patients treated with leuprorelin acetate combined with bicalutamide was extracted from pre-treatment tumor specimens. AR, Notch, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ), Estrogen Receptor (ER), Hedgehog (HH) and the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway activities were calculated based on expression levels of relevant target genes. Besides this, 5-alpha reductase type 1 ( SRD5A1) expression and Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) status were determined. Clinical benefit was defined as complete or partial response or stable disease ≥6 months. Results: Of the 7 signaling pathways, AR pathway activity was the best predictor of clinical benefit (AUC 0.67, 95%-CI 0.54-0.80). At a threshold of 47.8, 21% of the patients tested negative, with a negative predictive value of 93%. SRD5A1 expression outperformed the signaling pathways regarding predictive value (AUC 0.78, 95%-CI 0.67-0.88). Fitting of a multivariable model led to the identification of SRD5A1, Notch and TGFβ as most predictive combination (AUC 0.82, 95%-CI 0.72-0.91). AR, Notch, HH and SRD5A1 were also of prognostic importance regarding progression free survival and SRD5A1 expression levels also for overall survival (median of 175.0 weeks for high versus 96.7 weeks for low expression). Conclusions: Our study revealed predictive and/or prognostic value of AR, HH, Notch and TGFβ signaling activities and SRD5A1 expression in SDC patients treated with CAB. AR pathway activity can be used for identifying non-responders. Further clinical validation is required before implementation of these biomarkers in clinical practice. The observed role of SRD5A1 expression in CAB response forms a rational basis for including SRD5A1-inhibitors in the treatment of SDC patients.[Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerben Lassche
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yuichiro Tada
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carla M.L.- Van Herpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marianne A. Jonker
- Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Toshitaka Nagao
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Saotome
- Division of Medical Oncology, Matsudo City General Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hirai
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Saigusa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Chihiro Fushimi
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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16
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Benoist GE, van Oort IM, Boerrigter E, Verhaegh GW, van Hooij O, Groen L, Smit F, de Mol P, Hamberg P, Dezentjé VO, Mehra N, Gerritsen W, Somford DM, van Erp NPH, Schalken JA. Prognostic Value of Novel Liquid Biomarkers in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated with Enzalutamide: A Prospective Observational Study. Clin Chem 2021; 66:842-851. [PMID: 32408351 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several treatment options were recently added for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, response to therapy is variable, and biomarkers that can guide treatment selection and response evaluation are lacking. Circulating RNAs are a promising source of biomarkers. We explored messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as potential biomarkers in liquid biopsies of patients with mCRPC treated with enzalutamide. METHODS Forty patients were included in this prospective multicenter observational study. Whole blood was drawn at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after start of therapy. Four mRNAs, 6 miRNAs, and 5 lncRNAs were analyzed by quantitative PCR. RNA levels in 30 healthy individuals were used as controls. RNA expression data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses, and the primary end point was progression-free survival. Clinical factors were included in the multivariable Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Levels of 2 miRNAs, miR-375 and miR-3687, and 1 lncRNA, N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase like 2 antisense RNA 2 (NAALADL2-AS2), were more than 2-fold higher in patients with mCRPC compared with healthy volunteers. Patients with higher levels of miR-375 or miR-3687 showed a shorter time to progression. Patients with higher levels of NAALADL2-AS2 showed a longer time to progression. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, higher miR-375, miR-3687 and serum prostate-specific antigen concentrations were shown to be independent predictors for shorter time to progression. CONCLUSIONS We identified miR-3687 as a novel prognostic marker for response in patients with CRPC treated with enzalutamide, and we confirmed the prognostic value of miR-375.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillemette E Benoist
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M van Oort
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emmy Boerrigter
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Onno van Hooij
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Levi Groen
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter de Mol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Hamberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent O Dezentjé
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niven Mehra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Winald Gerritsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik M Somford
- Department of Urology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nielka P H van Erp
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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van de Merbel AF, van Hooij O, van der Horst G, van Rijt-van de Westerlo CCM, van der Mark MH, Cheung H, Kroon J, Verhaegh GW, Tijhuis J, Wellink A, Maas P, Viëtor H, Schalken JA, van der Pluijm G. The Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors That Reduce Invasion and Metastasis of Aggressive Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041688. [PMID: 33567533 PMCID: PMC7915539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformed epithelial cells can activate programs of epithelial plasticity and switch from a sessile, epithelial phenotype to a motile, mesenchymal phenotype. This process is linked to the acquisition of an invasive phenotype and the formation of distant metastases. The development of compounds that block the acquisition of an invasive phenotype or revert the invasive mesenchymal phenotype into a more differentiated epithelial phenotype represent a promising anticancer strategy. In a high-throughput assay based on E-cadherin (re)induction and the inhibition of tumor cell invasion, 44,475 low molecular weight (LMW) compounds were screened. The screening resulted in the identification of candidate compounds from the PROAM02 class. Selected LMW compounds activated E-cadherin promoter activity and inhibited cancer cell invasion in multiple metastatic human cancer cell lines. The intraperitoneal administration of selected LMW compounds reduced the tumor burden in human prostate and breast cancer in vivo mouse models. Moreover, selected LMW compounds decreased the intra-bone growth of xenografted human prostate cancer cells. This study describes the identification of the PROAM02 class of small molecules that can be exploited to reduce cancer cell invasion and metastases. Further clinical evaluation of selected candidate inhibitors is warranted to address their safety, bioavailability and antitumor efficacy in the management of patients with aggressive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjanneke F. van de Merbel
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.F.v.d.M.); (G.v.d.H.); (M.H.v.d.M.); (H.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Onno van Hooij
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (O.v.H.); (C.C.M.v.R.-v.d.W.); (G.W.V.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Geertje van der Horst
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.F.v.d.M.); (G.v.d.H.); (M.H.v.d.M.); (H.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Cindy C. M. van Rijt-van de Westerlo
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (O.v.H.); (C.C.M.v.R.-v.d.W.); (G.W.V.); (J.A.S.)
- Oncodrone BV, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (A.W.); (H.V.)
| | - Maaike H. van der Mark
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.F.v.d.M.); (G.v.d.H.); (M.H.v.d.M.); (H.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Henry Cheung
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.F.v.d.M.); (G.v.d.H.); (M.H.v.d.M.); (H.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Jan Kroon
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.F.v.d.M.); (G.v.d.H.); (M.H.v.d.M.); (H.C.); (J.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (O.v.H.); (C.C.M.v.R.-v.d.W.); (G.W.V.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Johan Tijhuis
- Specs, 2712 PB Zoetermeer, The Netherlands; (J.T.); (P.M.)
| | - Antoine Wellink
- Oncodrone BV, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (A.W.); (H.V.)
| | - Peter Maas
- Specs, 2712 PB Zoetermeer, The Netherlands; (J.T.); (P.M.)
| | - Henk Viëtor
- Oncodrone BV, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (A.W.); (H.V.)
| | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (O.v.H.); (C.C.M.v.R.-v.d.W.); (G.W.V.); (J.A.S.)
- Oncodrone BV, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (A.W.); (H.V.)
| | - Gabri van der Pluijm
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.F.v.d.M.); (G.v.d.H.); (M.H.v.d.M.); (H.C.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-715265255
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Boerrigter E, Benoist GE, van Oort IM, Verhaegh GW, van Hooij O, Groen L, Smit F, Oving IM, de Mol P, Smilde TJ, Somford DM, Mehra N, Schalken JA, van Erp NP. Abstract 1413: Exploring the prognostic value of microRNAs and drug exposure in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer treated with abiraterone: a prospective observational study. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Abiraterone acetate is registered for treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, including those with castration-resistant disease (mCRPC). Although it improves overall survival and progression free survival (PFS), treatment response differs between patients. Biomarkers to predict treatment response are lacking. Liquid biopsies containing microRNAs (miRNAs) are a promising source of prognostic biomarkers in mCRPC patients. Furthermore, the exposure to abiraterone in plasma is highly variable and subtherapeutic exposure might contribute to the variability in response to therapy. We explored the prognostic value of microRNAs and drug exposure in mCRPC patients treated with abiraterone.
Methods In a prospective multi-center observational study, 53 patients with mCRPC were included who started pre-chemotherapy abiraterone treatment. Blood was drawn at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months after start of treatment. The following predefined miRNAs were selected; miR-21, miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200c, miR-375, miR-3687 and abiraterone concentrations were measured. MiRNA-levels in 30 healthy individuals served as controls. Relative miRNA-levels were calculated by the ΔΔCt method. If the geometric mean of a miRNA was more than 2-fold higher in patients versus healthy controls, they were included for survival analysis. Ctrough levels after 1, 3 and 6 months of therapy were measured. The average Ctrough level per patient was used for further analysis. The prognostic value of miRNAs and drug exposure for PFS (radiographic, biochemical or clinical progression) was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis and tested with a log-rank test. Cut-off values for miRNAs in KM analysis were calculated using maximally selected rank statistics and for the relation with abiraterone Ctrough the earlier defined threshold of 8.4ng/ml was used.
Results Of the miRNAs analyzed, miR-375 was more than 2-fold higher in mCRPC patients versus healthy controls. Patients with more than 2.16 fold higher miR-375 compared to healthy controls showed a trend towards shorter PFS, median 352 vs. 456 days (p=0.076). No PFS benefit was shown for patients with a mean abiraterone Ctrough concentration ≥8.4ng/ml compared to patients below this threshold, median 411 vs. 409 days (p=0.81).
Conclusion High levels of miR-375 might be a prognostic biomarker for PFS in patients with mCRPC treated with abiraterone. The prognostic value of this miRNA should be further explored in a larger cohort of patients. Additionally, the functionality of miR-375 should be further elucidated. The beneficial effect of higher abiraterone exposure levels could not be confirmed in this study for this patient population.
Citation Format: Emmy Boerrigter, Guillemette E. Benoist, Inge M. van Oort, Gerald W. Verhaegh, Onno van Hooij, Levi Groen, Frank Smit, Irma M. Oving, Pieter de Mol, Tineke J. Smilde, Diederik M. Somford, Niven Mehra, Jack A. Schalken, Nielka P. van Erp. Exploring the prognostic value of microRNAs and drug exposure in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer treated with abiraterone: a prospective observational study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1413.
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Uijen MJM, Lassche G, van Engen-van Grunsven ACH, Tada Y, Verhaegh GW, Schalken JA, Driessen CML, van Herpen CML. Systemic therapy in the management of recurrent or metastatic salivary duct carcinoma: A systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 89:102069. [PMID: 32717621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive subtype of salivary gland cancer. Approximately half of SDC patients will develop recurrences or metastases. Therapeutic palliative therapy is therefore often needed. The majority of SDC tumors expresses the androgen receptor (AR) and one-third expresses human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), both are potential therapeutic targets. The aim of this paper is to systematically review and summarize the evidence on systemic palliative therapy for SDC and to provide treatment recommendations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic libraries were systematically searched with a broad search strategy to identify studies where SDC patients received systemic therapy. Due to the rarity of SDC no restrictions were placed on study designs. RESULTS The search resulted in 2014 articles of which 153 were full-text analyzed. Forty-five studies were included in the analysis, which included in total 256 SDC patients receiving systemic therapy. Two phase 2 trials primarily including SDC patients were identified. The majority of the studies were case series or case reports, resulting in an overall low quality of available evidence. Based on studies including ≥ 5 SDC patients, objective responses to HER2 targeting agents were observed in 60-70%, to AR pathway agents in 18-53% and to chemotherapy in 10-50%. CONCLUSION For AR or HER2 positive SDC, agents targeting these pathways are the cornerstone for palliative treatment. Regarding chemotherapy, the combination of carboplatin combined with a taxane is best studied. Regarding other targeted agents and immunotherapy evidence is anecdotal, limiting formulation of treatment recommendations for these antineoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J M Uijen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - G Lassche
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A C H van Engen-van Grunsven
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Y Tada
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - G W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - C M L Driessen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - C M L van Herpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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van Boxtel W, Lütje S, van Engen-van Grunsven IC, Verhaegh GW, Schalken JA, Jonker MA, Nagarajah J, Gotthardt M, van Herpen CM. 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET/CT imaging for adenoid cystic carcinoma and salivary duct carcinoma: a phase 2 imaging study. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2273-2283. [PMID: 32089741 PMCID: PMC7019174 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Treatment options for recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), major subtypes of salivary gland cancer, are limited. Both tumors often show overexpression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). In prostate cancer, PSMA-ligands labeled with 68Ga or 177Lu are used for imaging and therapy, respectively. Primary aim of this study in R/M ACC and SDC patients was to systematically investigate 68Ga-PSMA-uptake by PET/CT imaging to determine if PSMA radionuclide therapy could be a treatment option. Methods: In a prospective phase II study, PET/CT imaging was performed 1 h post injection of 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC in 15 ACC patients and 10 SDC patients. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUV) were determined in tumor lesions. Immunohistochemical PSMA expression was scored in primary tumors and metastatic tissue. Standard imaging (MRI or CT) was performed for comparison. Results: In ACC patients, SUVmax ranged from 1.1 to 30.2 with a tumor/liver-ratio >1 in 13 out of 14 evaluable patients (93%). In SDC patients, SUVmax ranged from 0.3 to 25.9 with a tumor/liver-ratio >1 in 4 out of 10 patients (40%). We found a large intra-patient inter-metastatic variation in uptake of 68Ga-PSMA, and immunohistochemistry did not predict ligand uptake in ACC and SDC. Finally, PSMA-PET detected additional bone metastases compared to CT in 2 ACC patients with unexplained pain. Conclusion: In 93% of ACC patients and 40% of SDC patients we detected relevant PSMA-ligand uptake, which warrants to study PSMA radionuclide therapy in these patients. Additionally, our data provide arguments for patient selection and treatment timing. Finally, PSMA-PET imaging has added diagnostic value compared to CT in selected patients.
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21
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van Boxtel W, Verhaegh GW, van Engen-van Grunsven IA, van Strijp D, Kroeze LI, Ligtenberg MJ, van Zon HB, Hendriksen Y, Keizer D, van de Stolpe A, Schalken JA, van Herpen CM. Prediction of clinical benefit from androgen deprivation therapy in salivary duct carcinoma patients. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:3196-3206. [PMID: 31745978 PMCID: PMC7187215 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is first‐line palliative treatment in androgen receptor‐positive (AR+) salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), and response rates are 17.6–50.0%. We investigated potential primary ADT resistance mechanisms for their predictive value of clinical benefit from ADT in a cohort of recurrent/metastatic SDC patients receiving palliative ADT (n = 30). We examined mRNA expression of androgen receptor (AR), AR splice variant‐7, intratumoral androgen synthesis enzyme‐encoding genes AKR1C3, CYP17A1, SRD5A1 and SRD5A2, AR protein expression, ERBB2 (HER2) gene amplification and DNA mutations in driver genes. Furthermore, functional AR pathway activity was determined using a previously reported Bayesian model which infers pathway activity from AR target gene expression levels. SRD5A1 expression levels and AR pathway activity scores were significantly higher in patients with clinical benefit from ADT compared to those without benefit. Survival analysis showed a trend toward a longer median progression‐free survival for patients with high SRD5A1 expression levels and high AR pathway activity scores. The AR pathway activity analysis, and not SRD5A1 expression, also showed a trend toward better disease‐free survival in an independent cohort of locally advanced SDC patients receiving adjuvant ADT (n = 14) after surgical tumor resection, and in most cases a neck dissection (13/14 patients) and postoperative radiotherapy (13/14 patients). In conclusion, we are the first to describe that AR pathway activity may predict clinical benefit from ADT in SDC patients, but validation in a prospective study is needed. What's new? Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a leading treatment strategy in the palliative care of patients with androgen receptor (AR)‐positive salivary duct carcinoma (SDC). However, while as many as half of patients may respond to ADT, resistance frequently emerges, undermining its use. In this investigation of primary ADT resistance mechanisms, expression of the androgen synthesis enzyme‐encoding gene SRD5A1 and functional activity of the AR pathway were found to predict clinical benefit from ADT in SDC patients. High AR pathway activity scores were further linked to improved disease‐free survival in SDC patients with locally advanced disease who received adjuvant ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim van Boxtel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Leonie I Kroeze
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein J Ligtenberg
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yara Hendriksen
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diederick Keizer
- Molecular Pathway Diagnostics, Philips Healthworks, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carla M van Herpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Boerrigter E, Groen LN, Van Erp NP, Verhaegh GW, Schalken JA. Clinical utility of emerging biomarkers in prostate cancer liquid biopsies. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 20:219-230. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1675515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmy Boerrigter
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Levi N. Groen
- Department of Experimental Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nielka P. Van Erp
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Department of Experimental Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of Experimental Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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van Boxtel W, Locati LD, van Engen-van Grunsven ACH, Bergamini C, Jonker MA, Fiets E, Cavalieri S, Tooten S, Bos E, Quattrone P, Verhaegh GW, Schalken JA, Licitra L, van Herpen CML. Adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy for poor-risk, androgen receptor-positive salivary duct carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2019; 110:62-70. [PMID: 30771738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), an aggressive subtype of salivary gland cancer, is androgen receptor (AR)-positive in 67-96% of cases. In patients with locally recurrent and metastatic (R/M) AR-positive SDC, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has an overall response rate of 18-64.7%. In this study, we describe the efficacy of adjuvant ADT in patients with poor-risk (stage 4a) AR-positive SDC. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study in which patients with stage 4a AR-positive SDC were offered adjuvant ADT, i.e. bicalutamide, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue or a combination of these after tumour resection. In the control group, data were collected on patients with stage 4a SDC who underwent a tumour resection but did not receive adjuvant ADT. RESULTS Twenty-two AR-positive SDC patients were treated with adjuvant ADT for a median duration of 12 months. The control group consisted of 111 SDC patients. After a median follow-up of 20 months in the ADT-treated patients and 26 months in the control group, the 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) was estimated as 48.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.0-82.4%) and 27.7% (95% CI 18.5-36.9%) (P = 0.037). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed a hazard ratio of 0.138 (95% CI 0.025-0.751, P = 0.022) for DFS and 0.064 (95% CI 0.005-0.764, P = 0.030) for overall survival (OS) in favour of the ADT-treated patients. CONCLUSION Poor-risk, AR-positive SDC patients who received adjuvant ADT have a significantly longer DFS compared with patients in the control group, who did not receive adjuvant ADT. For OS, this was just below and above the significance level, in case there was or was no correction for confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- W van Boxtel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - L D Locati
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A C H van Engen-van Grunsven
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - C Bergamini
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - M A Jonker
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - E Fiets
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Henri Dunantweg 2, 8934 AD Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - S Cavalieri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S Tooten
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - E Bos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - P Quattrone
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - G W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - L Licitra
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - C M L van Herpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Dudek AM, Vermeulen SH, Kolev D, Grotenhuis AJ, Kiemeney LALM, Verhaegh GW. Identification of an enhancer region within the TP63/LEPREL1 locus containing genetic variants associated with bladder cancer risk. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:555-568. [PMID: 29956121 PMCID: PMC6153957 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have led to the identification of a bladder cancer susceptibility variant (rs710521) in a non-coding intergenic region between the TP63 and LEPREL1 genes on chromosome 3q28, suggesting a role in the transcriptional regulation of these genes. In this study, we aimed to functionally characterize the 3q28 bladder cancer risk locus. Methods Fine-mapping was performed by focusing on the region surrounding rs710521, and variants were prioritized for further experiments using ENCODE regulatory data. The enhancer activity of the identified region was evaluated using dual-luciferase assays. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of the enhancer region was performed and the effect of this deletion on cell proliferation and gene expression levels was evaluated using CellTiter-Glo and RT-qPCR, respectively. Results Fine-mapping of the GWAS signal region led to the identification of twenty SNPs that showed a stronger association with bladder cancer risk than rs710521. Using publicly available data on regulatory elements and sequences, an enhancer region containing the bladder cancer risk variants was identified. Through reporter assays, we found that the presence of the enhancer region significantly increased ΔNTP63 promoter activity in bladder cancer-derived cell lines. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of the enhancer region reduced the viability of bladder cancer cells by decreasing the expression of ΔNTP63 and p63 target genes. Conclusions Taken together, our data show that bladder cancer risk-associated variants on chromosome 3q28 are located in an active enhancer region. Further characterization of the allele-specific activity of the identified enhancer and its target genes may lead to the identification of novel signaling pathways involved in bladder carcinogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13402-018-0393-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Dudek
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sita H Vermeulen
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitar Kolev
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne J Grotenhuis
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Dudek AM, van Kampen JGM, Witjes JA, Kiemeney LALM, Verhaegh GW. LINC00857 expression predicts and mediates the response to platinum-based chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3342-3350. [PMID: 29856124 PMCID: PMC6051137 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 20% of patients with bladder cancer are diagnosed with muscle‐invasive disease (MIBC). The treatment involves radical cystectomy, but almost 50% of patients with MIBC eventually relapse and develop metastasis. The use of platinum‐based chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting or for metastatic patients has been shown to improve the overall survival in a subset of patients. Unfortunately, no biomarkers are available to select patients with MIBC who will benefit from chemotherapy or to monitor the efficacy of the treatment. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were shown to regulate a variety of processes involved in the development and progression of cancer, including bladder cancer. Moreover, several lncRNAs have been shown to play a role in chemotherapy resistance. Here, we analyzed lncRNA expression associated with response to platinum‐based chemotherapy in metastatic MIBC using data from the MiTranscriptome lncRNA expression database. Expression of the lncRNA,LINC00857, was found to be upregulated in tumors from patients that did not respond to platinum‐based chemotherapy. Moreover, high expression of LINC00857 is correlated with shorter recurrence‐free and overall survival of patients with MIBC. Knockdown of LINC00857 significantly decreased cell viability of bladder cancer cell lines through the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, LINC00857 knockdown sensitized UM‐UC‐3 and T24 bladder cancer cells to cisplatin, via the negative regulation of the LMAN1 gene. Our data indicate that LINC00857 plays an important role in the regulation of response to platinum‐based chemotherapy. LINC00857 potentially could serve as a novel prognostic and predictive biomarker and might be a therapeutic target to overcome cisplatin resistance in patients with MIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Dudek
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmijn G M van Kampen
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Alfred Witjes
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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26
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Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms underlying PCa initiation and progression remain unclear, and there is increasing need of better biomarkers that can distinguish indolent from aggressive and life-threatening disease. With the advent of advanced genomic technologies in the last decade, it became apparent that the human genome encodes tens of thousands non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with yet to be discovered function. It is clear now that the majority of ncRNAs exhibit highly specific expression patterns restricted to certain tissues and organs or developmental stages and that the expression of many ncRNAs is altered in disease and cancer, including cancer of the prostate. Such ncRNAs can serve as important biomarkers for PCa diagnosis, prognosis, or prediction of therapy response. In this review, we give an overview of the different types of ncRNAs and their function, describe ncRNAs relevant for the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa, and present emerging new aspects of ncRNA research that may contribute to the future utilization of ncRNAs as clinically useful therapeutic targets.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/urine
- Early Detection of Cancer/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Male
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Precision Medicine
- Prognosis
- Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- RNA, Untranslated/blood
- RNA, Untranslated/classification
- RNA, Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Untranslated/urine
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene V Bijnsdorp
- Department of Urology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology and Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre (OIC), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elena S Martens-Uzunova
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus Cancer Institute, Room Be-362b, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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Dudek AM, Boer SJ, Boon N, Witjes JA, Kiemeney LALM, Verhaegh GW. Identification of long non-coding RNAs that stimulate cell survival in bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:34442-34452. [PMID: 28415801 PMCID: PMC5470981 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, research on the biology underlying bladder cancer focused on protein-coding genes which cover only about 3% of the human genome. Recently, it was discovered that a large part of the human genome is actively transcribed as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs are master regulators of gene expression and several lncRNAs were shown to play a role in bladder cancer development and progression. Here, we analyzed lncRNA expression in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) using the MiTranscriptome database of cancer lncRNA expression profiles, and we studied their function in bladder cancer-derived tumor cells. Analysis of the MiTranscriptome lncRNA expression data revealed four MIBC subgroups, which partially overlapped with the four mRNA clusters identified by The Cancer Genome Atlas consortium. Up-regulation of three lncRNAs CAT266, CAT1297, and CAT1647 in bladder cancer, in comparison to normal urothelium, was confirmed in an independent series of normal, non-muscle invasive (NMIBC) and MIBC tissue samples. Furthermore, expression levels of CAT1297 were found to be correlated with disease-free and overall survival in MIBC. Knockdown of CAT266, CAT1297, and CAT1647 decreased cell viability and colony formation, due to the induction of apoptosis. In conclusion, our data show that lncRNAs expression is de-regulated in MIBC and three aberrantly expressed transcripts regulate proliferation and apoptosis. Our data indicate that lncRNAs play an important role in MIBC development and progression and are a treasure chest for the discovery of new biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Dudek
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina J Boer
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nanda Boon
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Alfred Witjes
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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28
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Kok DEG, Kiemeney LALM, Verhaegh GW, Schalken JA, van Lin ENJT, Sedelaar JPM, Witjes JA, Hulsbergen-van de Kaa CA, van 't Veer P, Kampman E, Afman LA. A short-term intervention with selenium affects expression of genes implicated in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the prostate. Oncotarget 2018; 8:10565-10579. [PMID: 28076331 PMCID: PMC5354681 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In parallel with the inconsistency in observational studies and chemoprevention trials, the mechanisms by which selenium affects prostate cancer risk have not been elucidated. We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to examine the effects of a short-term intervention with selenium on gene expression in non-malignant prostate tissue. Twenty-three men received 300 μg selenium per day in the form of selenized yeast (n=12) or a placebo (n=11) during 5 weeks. Prostate biopsies collected from the transition zone before and after intervention were analysed for 15 participants (n=8 selenium, n=7 placebo). Pathway analyses revealed that the intervention with selenium was associated with down-regulated expression of genes involved in cellular migration, invasion, remodeling and immune responses. Specifically, expression of well-established epithelial markers, such as E-cadherin and epithelial cell adhesion molecule EPCAM, was up-regulated, while the mesenchymal markers vimentin and fibronectin were down-regulated after intervention with selenium. This implies an inhibitory effect of selenium on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, selenium was associated with down-regulated expression of genes involved in wound healing and inflammation; processes which are both related to EMT. In conclusion, our explorative data showed that selenium affected expression of genes implicated in EMT in the transition zone of the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwertje E G Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Radboud university Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud university Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud university Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - J P Michiel Sedelaar
- Department of Urology, Radboud university Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Alfred Witjes
- Department of Urology, Radboud university Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter van 't Veer
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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29
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van Kampen JGM, van Hooij O, Jansen CF, Smit FP, van Noort PI, Schultz I, Schaapveld RQJ, Schalken JA, Verhaegh GW. miRNA-520f Reverses Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition by Targeting ADAM9 and TGFBR2. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2008-2017. [PMID: 28209612 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells has been widely considered as an approach to combat cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, but a limited number of broadly comprehensive investigations of miRNAs involved in this process have been conducted. In this study, we screened a library of 1120 miRNA for their ability to transcriptionally activate the E-cadherin gene CDH1 in a promoter reporter assay as a measure of EMT reversal. By this approach, we defined miR-520f as a novel EMT-reversing miRNA. miR-520f expression was sufficient to restore endogenous levels of E-cadherin in cancer cell lines exhibiting strong or intermediate mesenchymal phenotypes. In parallel, miR-520f inhibited invasive behavior in multiple cancer cell systems and reduced metastasis in an experimental mouse model of lung metastasis. Mechanistically, miR-520f inhibited tumor cell invasion by directly targeting ADAM9, the TGFβ receptor TGFBR2 and the EMT inducers ZEB1, ZEB2, and the snail transcriptional repressor SNAI2, each crucial factors in mediating EMT. Collectively, our results show that miR-520f exerts anti-invasive and antimetastatic effects in vitro and in vivo, warranting further study in clinical settings. Cancer Res; 77(8); 2008-17. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn G M van Kampen
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Onno van Hooij
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelius F Jansen
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Iman Schultz
- InteRNA Technologies B.V., Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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30
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Alshalalfa M, Verhaegh GW, Gibb EA, Santiago-Jiménez M, Erho N, Jordan J, Yousefi K, Lam LLC, Kolisnik T, Chelissery J, Seiler R, Ross AE, Karnes RJ, Schaeffer EM, Lotan TT, Den RB, Freedland SJ, Davicioni E, Klein EA, Schalken JA. Low PCA3 expression is a marker of poor differentiation in localized prostate tumors: exploratory analysis from 12,076 patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:50804-50813. [PMID: 28881605 PMCID: PMC5584206 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) is a prostate cancer diagnostic biomarker that has been clinically validated. The limitations of the diagnostic role of PCA3 in initial biopsy and the prognostic role are not well established. Here, we elucidate the limitations of tissue PCA3 to predict high grade tumors in initial biopsy. Results PCA3 has a bimodal distribution in both biopsy and radical prostatectomy (RP) tissues, where low PCA3 expression was significantly associated with high grade disease (p<0.001). PCA3 had a poor performance of predicting high grade disease in initial biopsy (GS≥8) with 55% sensitivity and high false negative rates; 42% of high Gleason (≥8) samples had low PCA3. In RP, low PCA3 is associated with adverse pathological features, clinical recurrence outcome and greater probability of metastatic progression (p<0.001). Materials and Methods A total of 1,694 expression profiles from biopsy and 10,382 from RP patients with high risk tumors were obtained from the Decipher Genomic Resource Information Database (GRIDTM)prostate cancer database. The primary clinical endpoint was distant metastasis-free survival for RP and high Gleason grade for biopsy. Logistic regression analyses and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association of PCA3 with clinical variables and risk of metastasis. Conclusions There is high prevalence of high grade tumors with low PCA3 expression in the biopsy setting. Therefore, urologists should be warned that using PCA3 as stand-alone test may lead to high rate of under-diagnosis of high grade disease in initial biopsy setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ewan A Gibb
- GenomeDx Biosciences Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roland Seiler
- GenomeDx Biosciences Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ashley E Ross
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Edward M Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tamara T Lotan
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert B Den
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Centre, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Center of Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyle, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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31
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Grotenhuis AJ, Dudek AM, Verhaegh GW, Aben KK, Witjes JA, Kiemeney LA, Vermeulen SH. Independent Replication of Published Germline Polymorphisms Associated with Urinary Bladder Cancer Prognosis and Treatment Response. Bladder Cancer 2016; 2:77-89. [PMID: 27376129 PMCID: PMC4927992 DOI: 10.3233/blc-150027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies investigated the prognostic or predictive relevance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in biologically plausible genes in urinary bladder cancer (UBC) patients. Most published SNP associations have never been replicated in independent patient series. OBJECTIVE To independently replicate all previously reported associations between germline SNPs and disease prognosis or treatment response in UBC. METHODS A Pubmed search was performed to identify studies published by July 1, 2014 reporting on germline SNP associations with UBC prognosis or treatment response. For the replication series, consisting of 1,284 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and 275 muscle-invasive or metastatic bladder cancer (MIBC) patients recruited through the Netherlands Cancer Registry, detailed clinical data were retrieved from medical charts. Patients were genotyped using a genome-wide SNP array. SNP association with recurrence-free, progression-free, and overall survival (OS) within specific patient and treatment strata was tested using Cox regression analyses. RESULTS For only six of the 114 evaluated SNPs, the association with either UBC prognosis or treatment response was replicated at the p < 0.05 level: rs1799793 (ERCC2) and rs187238 (IL18) for BCG recurrence; rs6678136 (RGS4) and rs11585883 (RGS5) for NMIBC progression; rs12035879 (RGS5) and rs2075786 (TERT) for MIBC OS. CONCLUSIONS Non-replicated genetic associations in the literature require cautious interpretation. This single replication does not provide definitive proof of association for the six SNPs, and non-replication of other SNPs may result from population-specific effects or the retrospective patient enrollment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Grotenhuis
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra M Dudek
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja K Aben
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Alfred Witjes
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sita H Vermeulen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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32
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Hamid ARAH, Hoogland AM, Smit F, Jannink S, van Rijt-van de Westerlo C, Jansen CFJ, van Leenders GJLH, Verhaegh GW, Schalken JA. The role of HOXC6 in prostate cancer development. Prostate 2015; 75:1868-76. [PMID: 26310814 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homeobox (HOX) genes, which are involved in organ development and homeostasis, have been shown to be involved in normal prostate- and PCa development. In this study, we investigate the expression levels of the HOX A-D genes in PCa. The functional relevance and potential of HOX gene as biomarkers are explored. METHODS We evaluated HOX gene expression in prostate tissues of different grade and stage and related the outcome to clinical parameters. We analyzed AR regulation and function of HOXC6 in PCa cell lines. We developed a urine-based HOXC6 mRNA assay for diagnostic purposes. RESULTS HOXC6 was one of the most upregulated HOX genes in all primary, metastasized, and castration-resistant PCa. HOXC6 upregulation was specific to the epithelial component of PCa, and HOXC6 was shown to be involved in epithelial cell proliferation. HOXC6 expression was not influenced by androgens nor by treatments targeting the AR signaling pathway. HOXC6 expression was not related to a prognosis after radical prostatectomy, that is, biochemical or local recurrence. We successfully developed an assay for HOXC6 mRNA detection in urine and confirmed that HOXC6 levels are higher in PCa patients. CONCLUSIONS HOXC6 has a role in all PCa stages, particularly in PCa cell proliferation. Due to its stable expression, HOXC6 is a novel candidate biomarker for PCa not only in early detection but also for monitoring of progression or response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Rizal A H Hamid
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Department Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - A Marije Hoogland
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Smit
- NovioGendix BV, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cindy van Rijt-van de Westerlo
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelius F J Jansen
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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33
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Cremers RG, Eeles RA, Bancroft EK, Ringelberg-Borsboom J, Vasen HF, Van Asperen CJ, Schalken JA, Verhaegh GW, Kiemeney LA. The role of the prostate cancer gene 3 urine test in addition to serum prostate-specific antigen level in prostate cancer screening among breast cancer, early-onset gene mutation carriers. Urol Oncol 2015; 33:202.e19-28. [PMID: 25746941 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the additive value of the prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) urine test to serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer (PC) screening among breast cancer, early-onset gene (BRCA) mutation carriers. This study was performed among the Dutch participants of IMPACT, a large international study on the effectiveness of PSA screening among BRCA mutation carriers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urinary PCA3 was measured in 191 BRCA1 mutation carriers, 75 BRCA2 mutation carriers, and 308 noncarriers. The physicians and participants were blinded for the results. Serum PSA level ≥ 3.0 ng/ml was used to indicate prostate biopsies. PCA3 was evaluated (1) as an independent indicator for prostate b iopsies and (2) as an indicator for prostate biopsies among men with an elevated PSA level. PC detected up to the 2-year screening was used as gold standard as end-of-study biopsies were not performed. RESULTS Overall, 23 PCs were diagnosed, 20 of which were in men who had an elevated PSA level in the initial screening round. (1) PCA3, successfully determined in 552 participants, was elevated in 188 (cutoff ≥ 25; 34%) or 134 (cutoff ≥ 35; 24%) participants, including 2 of the 3 PCs missed by PSA. PCA3 would have added 157 (≥ 25; 28%) or 109 (≥ 35; 20%) biopsy sessions to screening with PSA only. (2) Elevated PCA3 as a requirement for biopsies in addition to PSA would have saved 37 (cutoff ≥ 25) or 43 (cutoff ≥ 35) of the 68 biopsy sessions, and 7 or 11 PCs would have been missed, respectively, including multiple high-risk PCs. So far, PCA3 performed best among BRCA2 mutation carriers, but the numbers are still small. Because PCA3 was not used to indicate prostate biopsies, its true diagnostic value cannot be calculated. CONCLUSIONS The results do not provide evidence for PCA3 as a useful additional indicator of prostate biopsies in BRCA mutation carriers, as many participants had an elevated PCA3 in the absence of PC. This must be interpreted with caution because PCA3 was not used to indicate biopsies. Many participants diagnosed with PC had low PCA3, making it invalid as a restrictive marker for prostate biopsies in men with elevated PSA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben G Cremers
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth K Bancroft
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Hans F Vasen
- The Netherlands Foundation for the Detection of Hereditary Tumours, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christi J Van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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34
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Hamid ARA, Verhaegh GW, Smit FP, van Rijt-van de Westerlo C, Armandari I, Brandt A, Sweep FC, Sedelaar JP, Schalken JA. Dutasteride and Enzalutamide Synergistically Suppress Prostate Tumor Cell Proliferation. J Urol 2015; 193:1023-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agus Rizal A.H. Hamid
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cindy van Rijt-van de Westerlo
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inna Armandari
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andre Brandt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fred C.G.J. Sweep
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John P.M. Sedelaar
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Rafnar T, Sulem P, Thorleifsson G, Vermeulen SH, Helgason H, Saemundsdottir J, Gudjonsson SA, Sigurdsson A, Stacey SN, Gudmundsson J, Johannsdottir H, Alexiusdottir K, Petursdottir V, Nikulasson S, Geirsson G, Jonsson T, Aben KKH, Grotenhuis AJ, Verhaegh GW, Dudek AM, Witjes JA, van der Heijden AG, Vrieling A, Galesloot TE, De Juan A, Panadero A, Rivera F, Hurst C, Bishop DT, Sak SC, Choudhury A, Teo MTW, Arici C, Carta A, Toninelli E, de Verdier P, Rudnai P, Gurzau E, Koppova K, van der Keur KA, Lurkin I, Goossens M, Kellen E, Guarrera S, Russo A, Critelli R, Sacerdote C, Vineis P, Krucker C, Zeegers MP, Gerullis H, Ovsiannikov D, Volkert F, Hengstler JG, Selinski S, Magnusson OT, Masson G, Kong A, Gudbjartsson D, Lindblom A, Zwarthoff E, Porru S, Golka K, Buntinx F, Matullo G, Kumar R, Mayordomo JI, Steineck DG, Kiltie AE, Jonsson E, Radvanyi F, Knowles MA, Thorsteinsdottir U, Kiemeney LA, Stefansson K. Genome-wide association study yields variants at 20p12.2 that associate with urinary bladder cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:5545-57. [PMID: 24861552 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) have yielded common variants at 12 loci that associate with risk of the disease. We report here the results of a GWAS of UBC including 1670 UBC cases and 90 180 controls, followed by replication analysis in additional 5266 UBC cases and 10 456 controls. We tested a dataset containing 34.2 million variants, generated by imputation based on whole-genome sequencing of 2230 Icelanders. Several correlated variants at 20p12, represented by rs62185668, show genome-wide significant association with UBC after combining discovery and replication results (OR = 1.19, P = 1.5 × 10(-11) for rs62185668-A, minor allele frequency = 23.6%). The variants are located in a non-coding region approximately 300 kb upstream from the JAG1 gene, an important component of the Notch signaling pathways that may be oncogenic or tumor suppressive in several forms of cancer. Our results add to the growing number of UBC risk variants discovered through GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hannes Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/AMGEN, Reykjavik 101, Iceland School of Engineering and Natural Sciences and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thorvaldur Jonsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland Department of Surgery, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Katja K H Aben
- Department for Health Evidence Comprehensive Cancer Center The Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra M Dudek
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - J Alfred Witjes
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Ana De Juan
- Division of Medical Oncolology, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander 39008, Spain
| | - Angeles Panadero
- Division of Medical Oncolology, Ciudad de Coria Hospital, Coria 10800, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivera
- Division of Medical Oncolology, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander 39008, Spain
| | - Carolyn Hurst
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sei C Sak
- Mid Yorkshire NHS Trust, Pinderfields Hospital, Wakefield WF1 4DG, UK
| | | | - Mark T W Teo
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Cecilia Arici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, Brescia 1-25125, Italy
| | - Angela Carta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, Brescia 1-25125, Italy
| | - Elena Toninelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, Brescia 1-25125, Italy
| | - Petra de Verdier
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S171 76, Sweden
| | - Peter Rudnai
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Health, Budapest H-1450, Hungary
| | - Eugene Gurzau
- Health Department, Environmental Health Center, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca 3400, Romania
| | - Kvetoslava Koppova
- Department of Environmental Health, Regional Authority of Public Health, Banska Bystrica 975 56, Slovakia
| | | | - Irene Lurkin
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Goossens
- Department of General Practice, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Eliane Kellen
- Leuven University Centre for Cancer Prevention (LUCK), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | | | - Alessia Russo
- Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Torino I-10126, Italy Department of Medical Sciences and
| | - Rossana Critelli
- Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Torino I-10126, Italy Department of Medical Sciences and
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Torino I-10126, Italy Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy Centre for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Torino I-10126, Italy Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Clémentine Krucker
- CNRS, UMR 144, Oncologie Moléculaire, Institut Curie, Paris 75248 Cedex 05, France Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris 75248 Cedex 05, France
| | - Maurice P Zeegers
- Department of Epidemiology & Complex Genetics NUTRIM/Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Gerullis
- Department of Urology, Lukasklinik Neuss, Preussenstr. 64, Neuss 41464, Germany
| | - Daniel Ovsiannikov
- Department of Urology, St.-Josefs-Hospital Dortmund-Hörde, Dortmund 44263, Germany
| | - Frank Volkert
- Department of Urology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Paul Gerhardt Foundation, Lutherstadt Wittenberg 06886, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund 44139, Germany
| | - Silvia Selinski
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund 44139, Germany
| | | | | | - Augustine Kong
- deCODE Genetics/AMGEN, Reykjavik 101, Iceland School of Engineering and Natural Sciences and
| | - Daniel Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/AMGEN, Reykjavik 101, Iceland School of Engineering and Natural Sciences and
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S171 76, Sweden
| | - Ellen Zwarthoff
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Porru
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, Brescia 1-25125, Italy
| | - Klaus Golka
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund 44139, Germany
| | - Frank Buntinx
- Department of General Practice, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium Research School Care & Department of General Practice, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Torino I-10126, Italy Department of Medical Sciences and
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - José I Mayordomo
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - D Gunnar Steineck
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm S171 76, Sweden Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg S-413 45, Sweden
| | - Anne E Kiltie
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | | | - François Radvanyi
- CNRS, UMR 144, Oncologie Moléculaire, Institut Curie, Paris 75248 Cedex 05, France Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris 75248 Cedex 05, France
| | - Margaret A Knowles
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/AMGEN, Reykjavik 101, Iceland Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Department for Health Evidence Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/AMGEN, Reykjavik 101, Iceland Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
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36
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Grotenhuis AJ, Dudek AM, Verhaegh GW, Witjes JA, Aben KK, van der Marel SL, Vermeulen SH, Kiemeney LA. Prognostic relevance of urinary bladder cancer susceptibility loci. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89164. [PMID: 24586564 PMCID: PMC3934869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, susceptibility loci have been identified for urinary bladder cancer (UBC) through candidate-gene and genome-wide association studies. Prognostic relevance of most of these loci is yet unknown. In this study, we used data of the Nijmegen Bladder Cancer Study (NBCS) to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the prognostic relevance of all confirmed UBC susceptibility loci. Detailed clinical data concerning diagnosis, stage, treatment, and disease course of a population-based series of 1,602 UBC patients were collected retrospectively based on a medical file survey. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox proportional hazard regression were performed, and log-rank tests calculated, to evaluate the association between 12 confirmed UBC susceptibility variants and recurrence and progression in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients. Among muscle-invasive or metastatic bladder cancer (MIBC) patients, association of these variants with overall survival was tested. Subgroup analyses by tumor aggressiveness and smoking status were performed in NMIBC patients. In the overall NMIBC group (n = 1,269), a statistically significant association between rs9642880 at 8q24 and risk of progression was observed (GT vs. TT: HR = 1.08 (95% CI: 0.76-1.54), GG vs. TT: HR = 1.81 (95% CI: 1.23-2.66), P for trend = 2.6 × 10(-3)). In subgroup analyses, several other variants showed suggestive, though non-significant, prognostic relevance for recurrence and progression in NMIBC and survival in MIBC. This study provides suggestive evidence that genetic loci involved in UBC etiology may influence disease prognosis. Elucidation of the causal variant(s) could further our understanding of the mechanism of disease, could point to new therapeutic targets, and might aid in improvement of prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J. Grotenhuis
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra M. Dudek
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Alfred Witjes
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja K. Aben
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Comprehensive Cancer Center The Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sita H. Vermeulen
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A. Kiemeney
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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37
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Dudek AM, Grotenhuis AJ, Vermeulen SH, Kiemeney LALM, Verhaegh GW. Urinary bladder cancer susceptibility markers. What do we know about functional mechanisms? Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12346-66. [PMID: 23752272 PMCID: PMC3709789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been successful in the identification of the several urinary bladder cancer (UBC) susceptibility loci, pointing towards novel genes involved in tumor development. Despite that, functional characterization of the identified variants remains challenging, as they mostly map to poorly understood, non-coding regions. Recently, two of the UBC risk variants (PSCA and UGT1A) were confirmed to have functional consequences. They were shown to modify bladder cancer risk by influencing gene expression in an allele-specific manner. Although the role of the other UBC risk variants is unknown, it can be hypothesized-based on studies from different cancer types-that they influence cancer susceptibility by alterations in regulatory networks. The insight into UBC heritability gained through GWAS and further functional studies can impact on cancer prevention and screening, as well as on the development of new biomarkers and future personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Dudek
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 16, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (L.A.L.M.K.); (G.W.V.)
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (A.J.G.); (S.H.V.)
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Anne J. Grotenhuis
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (A.J.G.); (S.H.V.)
- Nijmegen Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Sita H. Vermeulen
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (A.J.G.); (S.H.V.)
- Nijmegen Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A. L. M. Kiemeney
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 16, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (L.A.L.M.K.); (G.W.V.)
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (A.J.G.); (S.H.V.)
- Nijmegen Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 16, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (L.A.L.M.K.); (G.W.V.)
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
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38
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Hamid ARAH, Pfeiffer MJ, Verhaegh GW, Schaafsma E, Brandt A, Sweep FCGJ, Sedelaar JPM, Schalken JA. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) is a biomarker and therapeutic target for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Mol Med 2013. [PMID: 23196782 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Current endocrine treatment for advanced prostate cancer does not result in a complete ablation of adrenal androgens. Adrenal androgens can be metabolized by prostate cancer cells, which is one of the mechanisms associated with progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) is a steroidogenic enzyme that plays a crucial role in the conversion of adrenal androgen dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) into high-affinity ligands for the androgen receptor (testosterone [T] and dihydrotestosterone [DHT]). The aim of this study was to examine whether AKR1C3 could be used as a marker and therapeutic target for CRPC. AKR1C3 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in CRPC tissue, compared with benign prostate and primary prostate cancer tissue. High AKR1C3 levels were found only in a subset of CRPC patients. AKR1C3 can be used as a biomarker for active intratumoral steroidogenesis and can be measured in biopsy or transurethral resection of the prostate specimens. DuCaP (a CRPC cell line that has high AKR1C3 expression levels) used and converted DHEA under hormone-depleted conditions into T and DHT. The DHEA-induced growth of DuCaP could be antagonized by indomethacine, an inhibitor of AKR1C3. This study indicates that AKR1C3 can be considered a therapeutic target in a subgroup of patients with high AKR1C3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Rizal A H Hamid
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Ansems M, Karthaus N, Hontelez S, Aalders T, Looman MW, Verhaegh GW, Schalken JA, Adema GJ. DC-SCRIPT: AR and VDR regulator lost upon transformation of prostate epithelial cells. Prostate 2012; 72:1708-17. [PMID: 22473304 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear receptors (NR), including the Androgen Receptor (AR) and the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), play an important role in prostate cancer etiology. We recently found that DC-SCRIPT is a prognostic marker in breast cancer and a unique NR coregulator differentially regulating different classes of NRs. Here we investigated the importance of DC-SCRIPT in prostate cancer. METHODS DC-SCRIPT mRNA expression was measured by qPCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect DC-SCRIPT protein expression. The functional effects of DC-SCRIPT on the transcriptional activity of AR and VDR were assessed by luciferase reporter assays and qPCR assays on well-known AR and VDR target genes. RESULTS DC-SCRIPT mRNA was higher in normal than in corresponding malignant prostate tissue but could not be related to disease stage. DC-SCRIPT protein was found in morphologically normal prostate glands and in infiltrating immune cells. Strikingly, DC-SCRIPT protein expression was absent in malignant prostate epithelial tissue and prostate carcinoma cell lines. DC-SCRIPT protein expression appears to be lost prior to the basal cell marker HMW cytokeratin used in prostate carcinoma diagnostics. In addition, our data demonstrated that DC-SCRIPT repressed transcription mediated by wild-type and mutated AR while enhancing VDR mediated transcription. In addition, transient expression of DC-SCRIPT expression in prostate carcinoma cells strongly repressed cell growth. CONCLUSIONS DC-SCRIPT is a key regulator of nuclear receptors AR and VDR that play an opposite role in prostate cancer etiology and loss of DC-SCRIPT may be involved in the onset of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Ansems
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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van Noort PI, Babae N, Poell JB, Bourajjaj M, Vidic S, van Beijnum JR, van Haastert RJ, Schultz I, de Gunt T, van Hooij O, Verhaegh GW, Gommans WM, Cerisoli F, Verheul M, Schiffelers RM, Griffioen AW, Schalken JA, Berezikov E, Cuppen E, Schaapveld RQJ, Prevost GP. Abstract 1112: Identification of microRNA-based therapeutic candidates using a unique lentiviral microRNA overexpression library. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
microRNA (miRNA) genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II generate small noncoding miRNAs of 18 to 24 nucleotides after maturation process. The mature miRNAs and their associated isomirs specifically bind to different mRNA transcripts, resulting in down regulation of multiple genes within the cell in a highly multiplexed way. miRNA expression profiles differ between human cell types suggesting cell-specific impacts of each miRNA on the regulation of different biological processes. Comparison of miRNA profiles of tumor samples and adjacent normal tissues showed that some miRNAs are up- or down- regulated and suggested their implication during tumor progression. However, such a miRNA profiling approach is not sufficient to identify the respective role of each miRNA gene during the tumorigenesis. Here, to assess the individual role of each miRNA gene and its different isomirs in a specific cell environment, we have constructed a lentiviral miRNA expression library containing more than 1100 human known and novel miRNA precursors. The arrayed layout of our library allowed high-throughput screens with a large spectrum of functional read-outs using either normal or tumor cells. To exemplify this approach, the results of three different screens will be presented; i.e. identification of miRNAs that inhibit the BRAF pathway, miRNAs that inhibit tumor angiogenesis and miRNAs that stimulate the mesenchymal to epithelial transition. In addition, beyond this hit identification step, we will present detailed characterization of the role of the identified miRNAs in tumor progression by means of molecular and cellular functional assays. Combining our unique miRNA expression library with a functional screening platform has allowed the identification and the further characterization of several miRNAs able to significantly impact on tumor behavior supporting the therapeutic interest of some candidates.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1112. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1112
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Negar Babae
- 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jos B. Poell
- 3Hubrecth Institute, Cancer Genomics Center University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Onno van Hooij
- 5Deparment of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- 5Deparment of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jack A. Schalken
- 5Deparment of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eugene Berezikov
- 3Hubrecth Institute, Cancer Genomics Center University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- 3Hubrecth Institute, Cancer Genomics Center University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
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41
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Hamid ARA, Dudek A, Pfeiffer MJ, Völler MC, Verhaegh GW, Schalken JA. 226 THE RATIONALE OF COMBINATION THERAPY TARGETING INTRATUMORAL STEROIDOGENESIS IN CASTRATION RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER (CRPC). J Urol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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van Noort PI, Babae N, Verhaegh GW, Gommans WM, Cerisoli F, Verheul M, Schiffelers RM, Griffioen AW, Schalken JA, Berezikov E, Cuppen E, Schaapveld RQJ, Poell JB, Prevost GP, Bourajjaj M, Vidic S, van Beijnum JR, van Haastert RJ, Schultz I, de Gunt T, van Hooij O. Abstract A12: Identification of microRNA-based therapeutic candidates using a unique lentiviral microRNA overexpression library. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.nonrna12-a12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
microRNA (miRNA) genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II generate small noncoding miRNAs of 18 to 24 nucleotides after maturation process. The mature miRNAs and their associated isomirs specifically bind to different mRNA transcripts, resulting in down regulation of multiple genes within the cell in a highly multiplexed way. miRNA expression profiles differ between human cell types suggesting cell-specific impacts of each miRNA on the regulation of different biological processes. Comparison of miRNA profiles of tumor samples and adjacent normal tissues showed that some miRNAs are up- or down- regulated and suggested their implication during tumor progression. However, such a miRNA profiling approach is not sufficient to identify the respective role of each miRNA gene during the tumorigenesis.
Here, to assess the individual role of each miRNA gene and its different isomirs in a specific cell environment, we have constructed a lentiviral miRNA expression library containing more than 1100 human known and novel miRNA precursors. The arrayed layout of our library allowed high-throughput screens with a large spectrum of functional read-outs using either normal or tumor cells. To exemplify this approach, the results of three different screens will be presented; i.e. identification of miRNAs that inhibit the BRAF pathway, miRNAs that inhibit tumor angiogenesis and miRNAs that stimulate the mesenchymal to epithelial transition. In addition, beyond this hit identification step, we will present detailed characterization of the role of the identified miRNAs in tumor progression by means of molecular and cellular functional assays.
Combining our unique miRNA expression library with a functional screening platform has allowed the identification and the further characterization of several miRNAs able to significantly impact on tumor behavior supporting the therapeutic interest of some candidates.
Citation Format: Paula I. van Noort, Negar Babae, Gerald W. Verhaegh, Willemijn M. Gommans, Francesco Cerisoli, Mark Verheul, Raymond M. Schiffelers, Arjan W. Griffioen, Jack A. Schalken, Eugene Berezikov, Edwin Cuppen, Roel Q. J. Schaapveld, Jos B. Poell, Gregoire P. Prevost, Meriem Bourajjaj, Suzanna Vidic, Judy R. van Beijnum, Rick J. van Haastert, Iman Schultz, Thijs de Gunt, Onno van Hooij. Identification of microRNA-based therapeutic candidates using a unique lentiviral microRNA overexpression library [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula I. van Noort
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Negar Babae
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn M. Gommans
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Cerisoli
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Verheul
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond M. Schiffelers
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan W. Griffioen
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A. Schalken
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eugene Berezikov
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Q. J. Schaapveld
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos B. Poell
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gregoire P. Prevost
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Meriem Bourajjaj
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanna Vidic
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judy R. van Beijnum
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rick J. van Haastert
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Iman Schultz
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs de Gunt
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Onno van Hooij
- 1InteRNA Technologies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 3Department of Urology, Radbout University Medical Center, Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 5Hubrecht Insitute, Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Rafnar T, Vermeulen SH, Sulem P, Thorleifsson G, Aben KK, Witjes JA, Grotenhuis AJ, Verhaegh GW, Hulsbergen-van de Kaa CA, Besenbacher S, Gudbjartsson D, Stacey SN, Gudmundsson J, Johannsdottir H, Bjarnason H, Zanon C, Helgadottir H, Jonasson JG, Tryggvadottir L, Jonsson E, Geirsson G, Nikulasson S, Petursdottir V, Bishop DT, Chung-Sak S, Choudhury A, Elliott F, Barrett JH, Knowles MA, de Verdier PJ, Ryk C, Lindblom A, Rudnai P, Gurzau E, Koppova K, Vineis P, Polidoro S, Guarrera S, Sacerdote C, Panadero A, Sanz-Velez JI, Sanchez M, Valdivia G, Garcia-Prats MD, Hengstler JG, Selinski S, Gerullis H, Ovsiannikov D, Khezri A, Aminsharifi A, Malekzadeh M, van den Berg LH, Ophoff RA, Veldink JH, Zeegers MP, Kellen E, Fostinelli J, Andreoli D, Arici C, Porru S, Buntinx F, Ghaderi A, Golka K, Mayordomo JI, Matullo G, Kumar R, Steineck G, Kiltie AE, Kong A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Kiemeney LA. European genome-wide association study identifies SLC14A1 as a new urinary bladder cancer susceptibility gene. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:4268-81. [PMID: 21750109 PMCID: PMC3188988 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three genome-wide association studies in Europe and the USA have reported eight urinary bladder cancer (UBC) susceptibility loci. Using extended case and control series and 1000 Genomes imputations of 5 340 737 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we searched for additional loci in the European GWAS. The discovery sample set consisted of 1631 cases and 3822 controls from the Netherlands and 603 cases and 37 781 controls from Iceland. For follow-up, we used 3790 cases and 7507 controls from 13 sample sets of European and Iranian ancestry. Based on the discovery analysis, we followed up signals in the urea transporter (UT) gene SLC14A. The strongest signal at this locus was represented by a SNP in intron 3, rs17674580, that reached genome-wide significance in the overall analysis of the discovery and follow-up groups: odds ratio = 1.17, P = 7.6 × 10(-11). SLC14A1 codes for UTs that define the Kidd blood group and are crucial for the maintenance of a constant urea concentration gradient in the renal medulla and, through this, the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. It is speculated that rs17674580, or other sequence variants in LD with it, indirectly modifies UBC risk by affecting urine production. If confirmed, this would support the 'urogenous contact hypothesis' that urine production and voiding frequency modify the risk of UBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sita H. Vermeulen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA
- Department of Genetics
| | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Katja K. Aben
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA
- Integraal Kankercentrum Nederland, PO Box 1281, 6501 BG Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Soren Besenbacher
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlo Zanon
- deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Jon Gunnlaugur Jonasson
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Skogarhlid 8, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Skogarhlid 8, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Sigfus Nikulasson
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vigdis Petursdottir
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Sei Chung-Sak
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, LS9 7TF Leeds, UK
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- Christie Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, M20 4BX Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Margaret A. Knowles
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, LS9 7TF Leeds, UK
| | | | - Charlotta Ryk
- Urology Laboratory M1:02, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery L1:00, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Rudnai
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Josef Fodor Nation Center of Public Health, Nagyvarad ter 2, H-1450 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eugene Gurzau
- Environmental Health Centre, Department of Health, Cetatti 23 A, 3400 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Kvetoslava Koppova
- State Health Institute, Cesta K. Nemocnici 1, SK-975 56 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Human Genetics Foundation—HuGeF, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College, Norfolk Place W2 1PG, London, UK
| | - Silvia Polidoro
- Human Genetics Foundation—HuGeF, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Human Genetics Foundation—HuGeF, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Via Santena 19, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Angeles Panadero
- Ciudad de Coria Hospital, Avenida Cervantes 75, 10800 Coria, Spain
| | - José I. Sanz-Velez
- San Jorge University Hospital, Avenida Martínez de Velasco 36, 22004 Huesca, Spain
| | - Manuel Sanchez
- University of Zaragoza, Avenida San Juan Bosco 15, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gabriel Valdivia
- University of Zaragoza, Avenida San Juan Bosco 15, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jan G. Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystraße 67, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Silvia Selinski
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystraße 67, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Holger Gerullis
- Department of Urology, Lukasklinik Neuss, Preussenstr. 64, D-41464 Neuss, Germany
| | - Daniel Ovsiannikov
- Department of Urology, St.-Josefs-Hospital Dortmund-Hörde, Wilhelm-Schmidt-Str. 4, D-44263 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Alireza Aminsharifi
- Department of Urology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345–3119, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Department of Medical Genetics, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, 90095-1761 Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Maurice P. Zeegers
- Department of Complex Genetics, Cluster of Genetics and Cell Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute and
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Eliane Kellen
- Leuven University Centre for Cancer Prevention, Kapucijnenvoer 33, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacopo Fostinelli
- Section of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, University of Brescia, 1-25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreoli
- Section of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, University of Brescia, 1-25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Arici
- Section of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, University of Brescia, 1-25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Porru
- Section of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, University of Brescia, 1-25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Frank Buntinx
- Department of General Practice, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General Practice, Catholic University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Klaus Golka
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystraße 67, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - José I. Mayordomo
- University of Zaragoza, Avenida San Juan Bosco 15, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Human Genetics Foundation—HuGeF, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Steineck
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE - 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden and
| | - Anne E. Kiltie
- Department of Oncology, Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK
| | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lambertus A. Kiemeney
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA
- Department of Urology and
- Integraal Kankercentrum Nederland, PO Box 1281, 6501 BG Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Verhaegh GW, de Jong AS, Smit FP, Jannink SA, Melchers WJG, Schalken JA. Prevalence of human xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related gammaretrovirus (XMRV) in Dutch prostate cancer patients. Prostate 2011; 71:415-20. [PMID: 20878949 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of the retrovirus xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related virus (XMRV) has been reported in prostate tissue of patients with prostate cancer (PrCa). Considering the potential great medical and social relevance of this discovery, we investigated whether this finding could be confirmed in an independent group of Dutch sporadic PrCa cases. METHODS We investigated the occurrence of XMRV in fresh-frozen PrCa specimens of 74 PrCa patients from The Netherlands. Total RNA and DNA were isolated, subjected to cDNA synthesis, and analyzed by real-time PCR targeting conserved XMRV sequences. RESULTS Spiking experiments showed that we were able to detect at least 10 copies of XMRV sequences in 100,000 cells by real-time PCR, demonstrating high sensitivity of the assay. XMRV sequences were detected in 3 out of 74 (i.e., 4%) PrCa specimens. The number of XMRV containing cells was extremely low (1 in 600-7,000 cells). This was corroborated by the fact that XMRV could not be detected in consecutive tissue sections of the initial XMRV-positive cases. CONCLUSIONS XMRV was rarely detected, and at extremely low levels, in sporadic PrCa samples from Dutch patients. When XMRV would play a causal role in prostate carcinogenesis, integration of the provirus could be expected to be present in, at least, a proportion of tumor cells. Therefore, our data do not support the claim that there is an association between XMRV infection and PrCa in Dutch PrCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kiemeney LA, Sulem P, Besenbacher S, Vermeulen SH, Sigurdsson A, Thorleifsson G, Gudbjartsson DF, Stacey SN, Gudmundsson J, Zanon C, Kostic J, Masson G, Bjarnason H, Palsson ST, Skarphedinsson OB, Gudjonsson SA, Witjes JA, Grotenhuis AJ, Verhaegh GW, Bishop DT, Sak SC, Choudhury A, Elliott F, Barrett JH, Hurst CD, de Verdier PJ, Ryk C, Rudnai P, Gurzau E, Koppova K, Vineis P, Polidoro S, Guarrera S, Sacerdote C, Campagna M, Placidi D, Arici C, Zeegers MP, Kellen E, Gutierrez BS, Sanz-Velez JI, Sanchez-Zalabardo M, Valdivia G, Garcia-Prats MD, Hengstler JG, Blaszkewicz M, Dietrich H, Ophoff RA, van den Berg LH, Alexiusdottir K, Kristjansson K, Geirsson G, Nikulasson S, Petursdottir V, Kong A, Thorgeirsson T, Mungan NA, Lindblom A, van Es MA, Porru S, Buntinx F, Golka K, Mayordomo JI, Kumar R, Matullo G, Steineck G, Kiltie AE, Aben KKH, Jonsson E, Thorsteinsdottir U, Knowles MA, Rafnar T, Stefansson K. A sequence variant at 4p16.3 confers susceptibility to urinary bladder cancer. Nat Genet 2010; 42:415-9. [PMID: 20348956 PMCID: PMC2923020 DOI: 10.1038/ng.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported germline DNA variants associated with risk of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) in Dutch and Icelandic subjects. Here we expanded the Icelandic sample set and tested the top 20 markers from the combined analysis in several European case-control sample sets, with a total of 4,739 cases and 45,549 controls. The T allele of rs798766 on 4p16.3 was found to associate with UBC (odds ratio = 1.24, P = 9.9 x 10(-12)). rs798766 is located in an intron of TACC3, 70 kb from FGFR3, which often harbors activating somatic mutations in low-grade, noninvasive UBC. Notably, rs798766[T] shows stronger association with low-grade and low-stage UBC than with more aggressive forms of the disease and is associated with higher risk of recurrence in low-grade stage Ta tumors. The frequency of rs798766[T] is higher in Ta tumors that carry an activating mutation in FGFR3 than in Ta tumors with wild-type FGFR3. Our results show a link between germline variants, somatic mutations of FGFR3 and risk of UBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Health Technology Assessment, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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van Kuppeveld FJM, de Jong AS, Lanke KH, Verhaegh GW, Melchers WJG, Swanink CMA, Bleijenberg G, Netea MG, Galama JMD, van der Meer JWM. Prevalence of xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome in the Netherlands: retrospective analysis of samples from an established cohort. BMJ 2010; 340:c1018. [PMID: 20185493 PMCID: PMC2829122 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The presence of the retrovirus xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus (XMRV) has been reported in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Considering the potentially great medical and social relevance of such a discovery, we investigated whether this finding could be confirmed in an independent European cohort of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. DESIGN Analysis of a well defined cohort of patients and matched neighbourhood controls by polymerase chain reaction. SETTING Certified (ISO 15189) laboratory of clinical virology in a university hospital in the Netherlands. Population Between December 1991 and April 1992, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 76 patients and 69 matched neighbourhood controls. In this study we tested cells from 32 patients and 43 controls from whom original cryopreserved phials were still available. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Detection of XMRV in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by real time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the XMRV integrase gene and/or a nested polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the XMRV gag gene. RESULTS We detected no XMRV sequences in any of the patients or controls in either of the assays, in which relevant positive and negative isolation controls and polymerase chain reaction controls were included. Spiking experiments showed that we were able to detect at least 10 copies of XMRV sequences per 10(5) peripheral blood mononuclear cells by real time as well as by nested polymerase chain reaction, demonstrating high sensitivity of both assays. CONCLUSIONS This study failed to show the presence of XMRV in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome from a Dutch cohort. These data cast doubt on the claim that XMRV is associated with chronic fatigue syndrome in the majority of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J M van Kuppeveld
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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Hessels D, van Gils MPMQ, van Hooij O, Jannink SA, Witjes JA, Verhaegh GW, Schalken JA. Predictive value of PCA3 in urinary sediments in determining clinico-pathological characteristics of prostate cancer. Prostate 2010; 70:10-6. [PMID: 19708043 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PCA3 urine tests have shown to improve the specificity in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis, and have thus the potential to reduce the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies and to predict repeat biopsy outcomes. In this study, PCA3 was correlated with clinical stage, biopsy Gleason score (GS), radical prostatectomy GS, tumor volume, and pathological stage to assess its potential as predictor of PCa aggressiveness. METHODS In this study, 351 men admitted for prostate biopsies based on serum PSA levels >3 ng/ml, an abnormal DRE, and/or a family history of PCa were included. Post-DRE urinary sediments from 336 men were tested using a transcription-mediated amplification-based PCA3 test, and assay results were correlated with clinical stage and biopsy GS. In a sub-cohort of 70 men who underwent radical prostatectomy, the PCA3 values were correlated to their radical prostatectomy GS, tumor volume, and pathological stage. RESULTS In this patient cohort we could not find a correlation between clinical stage, biopsy GS, radical prostatectomy GS, tumor volume, and pathological stage. CONCLUSIONS The predictive value of PCA3 for PCa aggressiveness features as reported in earlier studies cannot be confirmed in our study. Experimental differences (urine sediments vs. whole urine) and cohort may explain this. The exact place of PCA3 as prognostic test for PCa remains the subject of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Hessels
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Abstract
BACKGROUND PCA3 is one of the most prostate cancer (PrCa)-specific markers described so far. Recently, a new genomic structure of PCA3 as well as new flanking and overlapping gene transcripts has been identified. Furthermore, a co-regulation of PCA3 and its overlapping gene PRUNE2(BMCC1) has been suggested. Our aim was to assess the diagnostic performance of a new PCA3 isoform (PCA3-TS4) and to study the interactions between PCA3 and BMCC1 in PrCa. METHODS We used SYBR Green quantitative (q)PCR with specific primers to compare PCA3 and BMCC1 expression of normal versus tumor tissue of human prostate. PCA3-TS4 plasmid was created to calculate the absolute amounts of PCA3 transcripts. The androgen regulation of PCA3 and BMCC1 expression was studied in LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells stimulated with 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. RESULTS We have not found any relevant diagnostic advantage of the PCA3-TS4 isoform over the "classical" PCA3 isoform in our group of PrCa patients. Additionally, PCA3-TS4 appears to be only a minor PCA3 transcript. We were also unable to confirm the hypothesis that BMCC1 isoforms are androgen-induced in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Despite the presence of the recently identified marginal PCA3 transcripts in human PrCa, the previously described major PCA3 isoform still constitutes the best target for diagnostic purposes. PCA3 and BMCC1 are overlapping genes in reverse orientation that do not appear to be co-regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Salagierski
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Hessels D, Smit FP, Verhaegh GW, Witjes JA, Cornel EB, Schalken JA. DETECTION OF TMPRSS2-ERG FUSION TRANSCRIPTS AND PCA3 IN URINARY SEDIMENTS MAY IMPROVE DIAGNOSIS OF PROSTATE CANCER. J Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(08)62001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Verhaegh GW, Verkleij L, Vermeulen SHHM, den Heijer M, Witjes JA, Kiemeney LA. Polymorphisms in the H19 gene and the risk of bladder cancer. Eur Urol 2008; 54:1118-26. [PMID: 18262338 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES H19 is an imprinted gene coding for an oncofetal RNA that is down-regulated postnatally. Reactivation of the H19 gene has been observed in bladder tumors, and H19 expression has been associated with early recurrence of disease. In this study we examined whether sequence variants within the H19 gene are associated with the risk of developing bladder cancer. METHODS Five tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) covering the H19 gene and its promoter region were selected with the use of Haploview software. One hundred and seventy-seven bladder cancer patients who were referred to our university hospital were genotyped for these tagSNPs. The genotypes were compared with those of a random sample of 204 controls of the general population. RESULTS A significantly decreased risk of bladder cancer was found for the rs2839698 TC genotype (odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval (95%CI), 0.36-0.99), but not for CC homozygotes. The rs2839698 TC genotype was especially associated with a reduced risk of developing non-muscle-invasive disease (OR, 0.52; 95%CI, 0.28-0.94). Borderline significantly decreased risks of bladder cancer were found for the rs2107425 CT genotype (OR, 0.66; 95%CI, 0.43-1.00), but not for TT homozygotes or for T allele carriers of rs217727 (OR, 0.74; 95%CI, 0.51-1.06). Haplotype analysis did not result in stronger associations with bladder cancer compared with the single-locus analyses. CONCLUSIONS An SNP polymorphism in the non-protein-encoding H19 gene is associated with a decreased risk of developing non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This association was found for only heterozygotes, not for homozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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