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Rafnar T, Vermeulen SH, Sulem P, Thorleifsson G, Aben KK, Witjes JA, Grotenhuis AJ, Verhaegh GW, Hulsbergen-van de Kaa CA, Besenbacher S, Gudbjartsson D, Stacey SN, Gudmundsson J, Johannsdottir H, Bjarnason H, Zanon C, Helgadottir H, Jonasson JG, Tryggvadottir L, Jonsson E, Geirsson G, Nikulasson S, Petursdottir V, Bishop DT, Chung-Sak S, Choudhury A, Elliott F, Barrett JH, Knowles MA, de Verdier PJ, Ryk C, Lindblom A, Rudnai P, Gurzau E, Koppova K, Vineis P, Polidoro S, Guarrera S, Sacerdote C, Panadero A, Sanz-Velez JI, Sanchez M, Valdivia G, Garcia-Prats MD, Hengstler JG, Selinski S, Gerullis H, Ovsiannikov D, Khezri A, Aminsharifi A, Malekzadeh M, van den Berg LH, Ophoff RA, Veldink JH, Zeegers MP, Kellen E, Fostinelli J, Andreoli D, Arici C, Porru S, Buntinx F, Ghaderi A, Golka K, Mayordomo JI, Matullo G, Kumar R, Steineck G, Kiltie AE, Kong A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Kiemeney LA. European genome-wide association study identifies SLC14A1 as a new urinary bladder cancer susceptibility gene. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:4268-81. [PMID: 21750109 PMCID: PMC3188988 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three genome-wide association studies in Europe and the USA have reported eight urinary bladder cancer (UBC) susceptibility loci. Using extended case and control series and 1000 Genomes imputations of 5 340 737 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we searched for additional loci in the European GWAS. The discovery sample set consisted of 1631 cases and 3822 controls from the Netherlands and 603 cases and 37 781 controls from Iceland. For follow-up, we used 3790 cases and 7507 controls from 13 sample sets of European and Iranian ancestry. Based on the discovery analysis, we followed up signals in the urea transporter (UT) gene SLC14A. The strongest signal at this locus was represented by a SNP in intron 3, rs17674580, that reached genome-wide significance in the overall analysis of the discovery and follow-up groups: odds ratio = 1.17, P = 7.6 × 10(-11). SLC14A1 codes for UTs that define the Kidd blood group and are crucial for the maintenance of a constant urea concentration gradient in the renal medulla and, through this, the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. It is speculated that rs17674580, or other sequence variants in LD with it, indirectly modifies UBC risk by affecting urine production. If confirmed, this would support the 'urogenous contact hypothesis' that urine production and voiding frequency modify the risk of UBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sita H. Vermeulen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA
- Department of Genetics
| | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Katja K. Aben
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA
- Integraal Kankercentrum Nederland, PO Box 1281, 6501 BG Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Soren Besenbacher
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlo Zanon
- deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Jon Gunnlaugur Jonasson
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Skogarhlid 8, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Skogarhlid 8, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Sigfus Nikulasson
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vigdis Petursdottir
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali-University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Sei Chung-Sak
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, LS9 7TF Leeds, UK
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- Christie Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, M20 4BX Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Margaret A. Knowles
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, LS9 7TF Leeds, UK
| | | | - Charlotta Ryk
- Urology Laboratory M1:02, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery L1:00, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Rudnai
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Josef Fodor Nation Center of Public Health, Nagyvarad ter 2, H-1450 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eugene Gurzau
- Environmental Health Centre, Department of Health, Cetatti 23 A, 3400 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Kvetoslava Koppova
- State Health Institute, Cesta K. Nemocnici 1, SK-975 56 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Human Genetics Foundation—HuGeF, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College, Norfolk Place W2 1PG, London, UK
| | - Silvia Polidoro
- Human Genetics Foundation—HuGeF, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Human Genetics Foundation—HuGeF, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Via Santena 19, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Angeles Panadero
- Ciudad de Coria Hospital, Avenida Cervantes 75, 10800 Coria, Spain
| | - José I. Sanz-Velez
- San Jorge University Hospital, Avenida Martínez de Velasco 36, 22004 Huesca, Spain
| | - Manuel Sanchez
- University of Zaragoza, Avenida San Juan Bosco 15, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gabriel Valdivia
- University of Zaragoza, Avenida San Juan Bosco 15, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jan G. Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystraße 67, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Silvia Selinski
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystraße 67, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Holger Gerullis
- Department of Urology, Lukasklinik Neuss, Preussenstr. 64, D-41464 Neuss, Germany
| | - Daniel Ovsiannikov
- Department of Urology, St.-Josefs-Hospital Dortmund-Hörde, Wilhelm-Schmidt-Str. 4, D-44263 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Alireza Aminsharifi
- Department of Urology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345–3119, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Department of Medical Genetics, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, 90095-1761 Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Maurice P. Zeegers
- Department of Complex Genetics, Cluster of Genetics and Cell Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute and
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Eliane Kellen
- Leuven University Centre for Cancer Prevention, Kapucijnenvoer 33, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacopo Fostinelli
- Section of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, University of Brescia, 1-25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreoli
- Section of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, University of Brescia, 1-25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Arici
- Section of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, University of Brescia, 1-25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Porru
- Section of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, University of Brescia, 1-25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Frank Buntinx
- Department of General Practice, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General Practice, Catholic University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Klaus Golka
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystraße 67, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - José I. Mayordomo
- University of Zaragoza, Avenida San Juan Bosco 15, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Human Genetics Foundation—HuGeF, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Steineck
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE - 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden and
| | - Anne E. Kiltie
- Department of Oncology, Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK
| | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lambertus A. Kiemeney
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA
- Department of Urology and
- Integraal Kankercentrum Nederland, PO Box 1281, 6501 BG Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Rothman N, Garcia-Closas M, Chatterjee N, Malats N, Wu X, Figueroa J, Real FX, Van Den Berg D, Matullo G, Baris D, Thun M, Kiemeney LA, Vineis P, De Vivo I, Albanes D, Purdue MP, Rafnar T, Hildebrandt MAT, Kiltie AE, Cussenot O, Golka K, Kumar R, Taylor JA, Mayordomo JI, Jacobs KB, Kogevinas M, Hutchinson A, Wang Z, Fu YP, Prokunina-Olsson L, Burdette L, Yeager M, Wheeler W, Tardón A, Serra C, Carrato A, García-Closas R, Lloreta J, Johnson A, Schwenn M, Karagas MR, Schned A, Andriole G, Grubb R, Black A, Jacobs EJ, Diver WR, Gapstur SM, Weinstein SJ, Virtamo J, Cortessis VK, Gago-Dominguez M, Pike MC, Stern MC, Yuan JM, Hunter D, McGrath M, Dinney CP, Czerniak B, Chen M, Yang H, Vermeulen SH, Aben KK, Witjes JA, Makkinje RR, Sulem P, Besenbacher S, Stefansson K, Riboli E, Brennan P, Panico S, Navarro C, Allen NE, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Trichopoulos D, Caporaso N, Landi MT, Canzian F, Ljungberg B, Tjonneland A, Clavel-Chapelon F, Bishop DT, Teo MTW, Knowles MA, Guarrera S, Polidoro S, Ricceri F, Sacerdote C, Allione A, Cancel-Tassin G, Selinski S, Hengstler JG, Dietrich H, Fletcher T, Rudnai P, Gurzau E, Koppova K, Bolick SCE, Godfrey A, Xu Z, Sanz-Velez JI, García-Prats MD, Sanchez M, Valdivia G, Porru S, Benhamou S, Hoover RN, Fraumeni JF, Silverman DT, Chanock SJ. A multi-stage genome-wide association study of bladder cancer identifies multiple susceptibility loci. Nat Genet 2010; 42:978-84. [PMID: 20972438 PMCID: PMC3049891 DOI: 10.1038/ng.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a multi-stage, genome-wide association study of bladder cancer with a primary scan of 591,637 SNPs in 3,532 affected individuals (cases) and 5,120 controls of European descent from five studies followed by a replication strategy, which included 8,382 cases and 48,275 controls from 16 studies. In a combined analysis, we identified three new regions associated with bladder cancer on chromosomes 22q13.1, 19q12 and 2q37.1: rs1014971, (P = 8 × 10⁻¹²) maps to a non-genic region of chromosome 22q13.1, rs8102137 (P = 2 × 10⁻¹¹) on 19q12 maps to CCNE1 and rs11892031 (P = 1 × 10⁻⁷) maps to the UGT1A cluster on 2q37.1. We confirmed four previously identified genome-wide associations on chromosomes 3q28, 4p16.3, 8q24.21 and 8q24.3, validated previous candidate associations for the GSTM1 deletion (P = 4 × 10⁻¹¹) and a tag SNP for NAT2 acetylation status (P = 4 × 10⁻¹¹), and found interactions with smoking in both regions. Our findings on common variants associated with bladder cancer risk should provide new insights into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nuria Malats
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Francisco X Real
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
| | - Dalsu Baris
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Thun
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Health Technology Assessment, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Comprehensive Cancer Center East, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Michelle A T Hildebrandt
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anne E Kiltie
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Olivier Cussenot
- Department of Urology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques, Paris, France
| | - Klaus Golka
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jack A Taylor
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Kevin B Jacobs
- Core Genotype Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Core Genotype Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Core Genotype Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Fu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Core Genotype Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Core Genotype Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - William Wheeler
- Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Adonina Tardón
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | - Reina García-Closas
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Josep Lloreta
- Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Univesitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Alan Schned
- Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Gerald Andriole
- Department of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert Grubb
- Department of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric J Jacobs
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victoria K Cortessis
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - David Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Monica McGrath
- Department of Epidemiology, Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Colin P Dinney
- Department of Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hushan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sita H Vermeulen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Health Technology Assessment, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja K Aben
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Health Technology Assessment, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Comprehensive Cancer Center East, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Alfred Witjes
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco R Makkinje
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Navarro
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - Naomi E Allen
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Neil Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Borje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, University of Umea, Umea, Sweden
| | - Anne Tjonneland
- Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francoise Clavel-Chapelon
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute Gustave-Roussy, Paris South University, Villejuif, France
| | - David T Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark T W Teo
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Margaret A Knowles
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Selinski
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Holger Dietrich
- Department of Urology, Paul Gerhardt Foundation, Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Tony Fletcher
- Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Peter Rudnai
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eugen Gurzau
- Babes Bolyai University, Environmental Health Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Sophia C E Bolick
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley Godfrey
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zongli Xu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Porru
- Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Simone Benhamou
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U946, Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, Paris, France
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique, UMR8200, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph F Fraumeni
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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