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Li T, Liu B, Guan H, Mao W, Wang L, Zhang C, Hai L, Liu K, Cao J. PGE2 increases inflammatory damage in Escherichia coli-infected bovine endometrial tissue in vitro via the EP4-PKA signaling pathway. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:175-186. [PMID: 30010723 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometritis is the most common bovine uterine disease following parturition. The role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the regulation of endometrial inflammation and repair is well understood. Excess PGE2 is also generated in multiple inflammatory diseases, including endometritis. However, it remains unclear whether PGE2 is associated with pathogen-induced inflammatory damage to the endometrium. To clarify the role of PGE2 in pathogen-induced inflammatory damage, this study evaluated the production of PGE2, inflammatory factors, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in cultured Escherichia coli-infected bovine endometrial tissue. PGE2 production was significantly higher in E. coli-infected tissue, and in E. coli-infected tissue treated with 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) inhibitors, as compared to uninfected tissue. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) were also upregulated in E. coli-infected tissue, while concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA), leukotrienes, DAMPs, and other proinflammatory factors increased. The accumulation of PGE2 clearly damaged the cultured tissue. Treatment with the COX-2, mPGES-1, EP4, and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors decreased the production of PGE2, inflammatory factors, and DAMPs, simultaneously alleviating the E. coli-induced endometrial tissue damage. Therefore, the PGE2 that was generated by COX-2 and mPGES-1 accumulated, and this pathogenic PGE2 increased inflammatory damage by upregulating inflammatory factors and DAMPs in E. coli-infected bovine endometrial tissue. This upregulation of inflammatory factors and DAMPs might be regulated by the EP4-PKA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Hong Guan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Lingrui Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Lili Hai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
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Li T, Liu B, Mao W, Gao R, Wu J, Deng Y, Shen Y, Liu K, Cao J. Prostaglandin E 2 promotes nitric oxide synthase 2, platelet-activating factor receptor, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in Escherichia coli-challenged ex vivo endometrial explants via the prostaglandin E 2 receptor 4/protein kinase a signaling pathway. Theriogenology 2019; 134:65-73. [PMID: 31136957 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an inflammatory mediator involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory conditions, including endometritis. Previous studies have shown that PGE2 accumulates in Escherichia coli-challenged ex vivo endometrial explants, increasing the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and aggravating tissue damage; these alterations are linked to key enzymes involved in the synthesis of PGE2, including cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) and microsomal PGES-1 (mPGES-1). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether administration of PGE2 modulated the activities of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in E. coli-challenged ex vivo bovine endometrial explants. Our findings showed that COX-2 and mPGES-1 inhibitors significantly reduced NOS2, PAFR, and MMP-2 expression in the E. coli-challenged ex vivo endometrial explants. In addition, NOS2, PAFR, and MMP-2 expression levels were strongly increased in response to treatment with 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase inhibitors in the E. coli-challenged ex vivo endometrial explants. However, these stimulatory effects could be blocked by PGE2 receptor 4 (EP4) and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors. Overall, these findings show that pathogenic PGE2 upregulated NOS2, PAFR, and MMP-2 expression, which may enhance inflammatory damage via the EP4/PKA signaling pathway in E. coli-challenged ex vivo endometrial explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Ruifeng Gao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Jindi Wu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, China.
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Vandooren J, Knoops S, Aldinucci Buzzo JL, Boon L, Martens E, Opdenakker G, Kolaczkowska E. Differential inhibition of activity, activation and gene expression of MMP-9 in THP-1 cells by azithromycin and minocycline versus bortezomib: A comparative study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174853. [PMID: 28369077 PMCID: PMC5378356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelatinase B or matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) (EC 3.4.24.35) is increased in inflammatory processes and cancer, and is associated with disease progression. In part, this is due to MMP-9-mediated degradation of extracellular matrix, facilitating influx of leukocytes into inflamed tissues and invasion or metastasis of cancer cells. MMP-9 is produced as proMMP-9 and its propeptide is subsequently removed by other proteases to generate proteolytically active MMP-9. The significance of MMP-9 in pathologies triggered the development of specific inhibitors of this protease. However, clinical trials with synthetic inhibitors of MMPs in the fight against cancer were disappointing. Reports on active compounds which inhibit MMP-9 should be carefully examined in this regard. In a considerable set of recent publications, two antibiotics (minocycline and azythromycin) and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, used in cancers, were reported to inhibit MMP-9 at different stages of its expression, activation or activity. The current study was undertaken to compare and to verify the impact of these compounds on MMP-9. With exception of minocycline at high concentrations (>100 μM), the compounds did not affect processing of proMMP-9 into MMP-9, nor did they affect direct MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity. In contrast, azithromycin specifically reduced MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels without affecting NF-κB in endotoxin-challenged monocytic THP-1 cells. Bortezomib, although being highly toxic, had no MMP-9-specific effects but significantly upregulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity and PGE2 levels. Overall, our study clarified that azithromycin decreased the levels of MMP-9 by reduction of gene and protein expression while minocycline inhibits proteolytic activity at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Vandooren
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Knoops
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - João L. Aldinucci Buzzo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lise Boon
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Martens
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elzbieta Kolaczkowska
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail:
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