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Wang K, Xiao Y, Zheng R, Cheng Y. Immune cell infiltration and drug response in glioblastoma multiforme: insights from oxidative stress-related genes. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:123. [PMID: 38566075 PMCID: PMC10986133 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GBM, also known as glioblastoma multiforme, is the most prevalent and lethal type of brain cancer. The cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and treatment of gliomas are significantly influenced by oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the connection between ORGs and GBM remains poorly comprehended. The objective of this research is to investigate the predictive significance of ORGs in GBM and their potential as targets for therapy. METHODS We identified differentially expressed genes in glioma and ORGs from public databases. A risk model was established using LASSO regression and Cox analysis, and its performance was evaluated with ROC curves. We then performed consistent cluster analysis on the model, examining its correlation with immunity and drug response. Additionally, PCR, WB and IHC were employed to validate key genes within the prognostic model. RESULTS 9 ORGs (H6PD, BMP2, SPP1, HADHA, SLC25A20, TXNIP, ACTA1, CCND1, EEF1A1) were selected via differential expression analysis, LASSO and Cox analysis, and incorporated into the risk model with high predictive accuracy. Enrichment analyses using GSVA and GSEA focused predominantly on malignancy-associated pathways. Subtype C of GBM had the best prognosis with the lowest risk score. Furthermore, the model exhibited a strong correlation with the infiltration of immune cells and had the capability to pinpoint potential targeted therapeutic medications for GBM. Ultimately, we selected HADHA for in vitro validation. The findings indicated that GBM exhibits a significant upregulation of HADHA. Knockdown of HADHA inhibited glioma cell proliferation and diminished their migration and invasion capacities and influenced the tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION The risk model, built upon 9 ORGs and the identification of GBM subtypes, suggests that ORGs have a broad application prospect in the clinical immunotherapy and targeted drug treatment of GBM. HADHA significantly influences the development of gliomas, both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yifei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ruipeng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Singh RR, Mondal I, Janjua T, Popat A, Kulshreshtha R. Engineered smart materials for RNA based molecular therapy to treat Glioblastoma. Bioact Mater 2024; 33:396-423. [PMID: 38059120 PMCID: PMC10696434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignancy of the central nervous system (CNS) that remains incurable despite the multitude of improvements in cancer therapeutics. The conventional chemo and radiotherapy post-surgery have only been able to improve the prognosis slightly; however, the development of resistance and/or tumor recurrence is almost inevitable. There is a pressing need for adjuvant molecular therapies that can successfully and efficiently block tumor progression. During the last few decades, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as key players in regulating various hallmarks of cancer including that of GBM. The levels of many ncRNAs are dysregulated in cancer, and ectopic modulation of their levels by delivering antagonists or overexpression constructs could serve as an attractive option for cancer therapy. The therapeutic potential of several types of ncRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, has been validated in both in vitro and in vivo models of GBM. However, the delivery of these RNA-based therapeutics is highly challenging, especially to the tumors of the brain as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses as a major obstacle, among others. Also, since RNA is extremely fragile in nature, careful considerations must be met while designing a delivery agent. In this review we have shed light on how ncRNA therapy can overcome the limitations of its predecessor conventional therapy with an emphasis on smart nanomaterials that can aide in the safe and targeted delivery of nucleic acids to treat GBM. Additionally, critical gaps that currently exist for successful transition from viral to non-viral vector delivery systems have been identified. Finally, we have provided a perspective on the future directions, potential pathways, and target areas for achieving rapid clinical translation of, RNA-based macromolecular therapy to advance the effective treatment of GBM and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Raj Singh
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- University of Queensland –IIT Delhi Academy of Research (UQIDAR)
| | - Indranil Mondal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Taskeen Janjua
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ritu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Zhang Q, Dai Z, Chen Y, Li Q, Guo Y, Zhu Z, Tu M, Cai L, Lu X. Endosome associated trafficking regulator 1 promotes tumor growth and invasion of glioblastoma multiforme via inhibiting TNF signaling pathway. J Neurooncol 2024; 166:113-127. [PMID: 38191954 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endosome associated trafficking regulator 1 (ENTR1) is a novel endosomal protein, which can affect multiple cellular biological behavior by remodeling plasma membrane structures. However, little is known regarding its function and underlying mechanisms in glioblastoma multiforme. METHODS Expression profile and clinical signature were obtained from The Public Database of human tumor. Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting assays were used to measure ENTR1 expression level. Human primary GBM tumor cells and human GBM cell lines A172, U87 and U251 were used to clarify the precise role of ENTR1. CCK-8 assays, wound healing and transwell invasion assays were designed to investigate cell viability, invasion and migration of GBM cells, respectively. Underlying molecular mechanisms of ENTR1 were determined via RNA-seq analysis. Tumor formation assay was used to validate the influence of ENTR1 in vivo. RESULTS Compared with normal brain tissues, ENTR1 was highly expressed in gliomas and correlated with malignant grades of gliomas and poor overall survival time. The proliferation and invasion of GBM cells could be weaken and the sensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy increased after knocking down ENTR1. Overexpression of ENTR1 could reverse this effect. RNA-seq analysis showed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway might be a putative regulatory target of ENTR1. Tumor formation assay validated that ENTR1 was a significant factor in tumor growth. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that ENTR1 played an important role in cell proliferation, invasion and chemotherapeutic sensitivity of GBM, suggesting that ENTR1 might be a novel prognostic marker and significant therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhang'an Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhangzhang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Xianghe Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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Yu Z, Yang H, Song K, Fu P, Shen J, Xu M, Xu H. Construction of an immune-related gene signature for the prognosis and diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme. Front Oncol 2022; 12:938679. [PMID: 35982954 PMCID: PMC9379258 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.938679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence has suggested that inflammation is related to tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, the roles of immune-related genes in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remain to be studied. Methods The GBM-related RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), survival, and clinical data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Immune-related genes were obtained from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). Differently expressed immune-related genes (DE-IRGs) between GBM and normal samples were identified. Prognostic genes associated with GBM were selected by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)-penalized Cox regression analysis, and multivariate Cox analysis. An immune-related gene signature was developed and validated in TCGA and CGGA databases separately. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to explore biological functions of the signature. The correlation between immune cell infiltration and the signature was analyzed by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), and the diagnostic value was investigated. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the potential function of the signature genes in GBM, and the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Results Three DE-IRGs [Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), TNFSF9, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)] were used to construct an immune-related gene signature. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Cox analyses confirmed that the 3-gene-based prognostic signature was a good independent prognostic factor for GBM patients. We found that the signature was mainly involved in immune-related biological processes and pathways, and multiple immune cells were disordered between the high- and low-risk groups. GSEA suggested that PTX3 and TNFSF9 were mainly correlated with interleukin (IL)-17 signaling pathway, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and the PPI network indicated that they could interact directly or indirectly with inflammatory pathway proteins. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) indicated that the three genes were significantly different between target tissues. Conclusion The signature with three immune-related genes might be an independent prognostic factor for GBM patients and could be associated with the immune cell infiltration of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Nursing, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongzhi Xu,
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Liu YY, Zhao RF, Liu C, Zhou J, Yang L, Li L. MiR-320b and miR-320d as Biomarkers to Predict and Participate in the Formation of Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:881496. [PMID: 35592674 PMCID: PMC9110861 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.881496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with ovarian cancer who receive platinum-based chemotherapy typically develop platinum resistance, which leads to tumor recurrence and mortality. Therefore, finding the underlying mechanisms and biomarkers is critical. A total of 51 platinum-resistant and 70 platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer patients were enrolled in this study. We examined the GSE131978 dataset in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus database for differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) between platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive patients and completed a microRNA chip analysis. After filtering by Pearson correlation analysis, the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were subsequently constructed. Then, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses about mRNAs in ceRNA networks were accomplished. More crucially, we demonstrated the differentially expressed microRNAs using quantitative real-time PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The feasibility of microRNAs as biomarkers to predict platinum resistance and tumor recurrence was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve and survival analysis. MiR-320b and miR-320d exhibited high area under the curve values of 0.757 and 0.702, respectively. In our study, ceRNA networks including miR-320b and miR-320d probably provided novel insights for platinum resistance in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China.,Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Ren-Feng Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
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He W, Zhou X, Mao Y, Wu Y, Tang X, Yan S, Tang S. CircCRIM1 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression via the miR-34c-5p/FOSL1 axis. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:59. [PMID: 35484574 PMCID: PMC9052594 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy with multiple risk factors (Epstein-Barr virus, etc.) that seriously threatens the health of people. CircRNAs are known to regulate the tumorigenesis of malignant tumours, including NPC. Moreover, circCRIM1 expression is reported to be upregulated in NPC. Nevertheless, the impact of circCRIM1 on NPC progression is not clear. METHODS An MTT assay was performed to assess cell viability. In addition, cell invasion and migration were assessed by the transwell assay. Dual luciferase assays were performed to assess the association among circCRIM1, miR-34c-5p and FOSL1. Moreover, RT-qPCR was applied to assess mRNA levels, and protein levels were determined by Western blot. RESULTS CircCRIM1 and FOSL1 were upregulated in NPC cells, while miR-34c-5p was downregulated. Knockdown of circCRIM1 significantly decreased the invasion, viability and migration of NPC cells. The miR-34c-5p inhibitor notably promoted the malignant behaviour of NPC cells, while miR-34c-5p mimics exerted the opposite effect. Moreover, circCRIM1 could bind with miR-34c-5p, and FOSL1 was identified to be downstream of miR-34c-5p. Furthermore, circCRIM1 downregulation notably inhibited the proliferation and invasion of NPC cells, while this phenomenon was significantly reversed by FOSL1 overexpression. CONCLUSION Silencing circCRIM1 inhibited the tumorigenesis of NPC. Thus, circCRIM1 might be a novel target for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng He
- Oncology Department, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqi Zhou
- Oncology Department, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, No. 336 Dong Feng South Road, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yini Mao
- Oncology Department, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - YangJie Wu
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Yan
- Oncology Department, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, No. 336 Dong Feng South Road, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sanyuan Tang
- Oncology Department, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Oncology Department, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, No. 336 Dong Feng South Road, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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LncRNA HOTAIR regulates the lipid accumulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via miR-130b-3p/ROCK1 axis. Cell Signal 2021; 90:110190. [PMID: 34774989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive hepatic lipid accumulation can lead to the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Previous study showed that upregulation of lncRNA HOTAIR significantly increased total cholesterol and triglyceride. However, the function of HOTAIR in lipid accumulation during the progression NAFLD remains unclear. METHODS High fat diet was used to mimic NAFLD in vivo, and free fatty acid was used to establish in vitro model of NAFLD. Oil red O staining was applied to test the lipid accumulation. The pathological changes in mice were observed by H&E staining. Western blot and qRT-PCR were applied to assess protein and mRNA levels, respectively. RIP assay was used to explore the relationship among HOTAIR, miR-130b-3p and ROCK1. RESULTS The level of HOTAIR was upregulated in NAFLD. Downregulation of HOTAIR reversed lipid accumulation in FFA-treated HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes. Meanwhile, HOTAIR bound with miR-130b-3p, and ROCK1 was identified to be the direct target of miR-130b-3p. Moreover, miR-130b-3p mimics-caused lipid accumulation decrease was reversed by pcDNA3.1-ROCK1. Furthermore, the effect of miR-130b-3p mimics on p-AMPK2α and ROCK1 level was partially reversed by ROCK1 overexpression. CONCLUSION Knockdown of HOTAIR significantly inhibited the progression of NAFLD through mediation of miR-130b-3p/ROCK1 axis. Our study might shed new lights on exploring new methods against NAFLD.
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Li J, Liu M, Zeng B, Wang Z. Propofol induces hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis via regulating miR-105/JAK2/STAT3 axis. Cytokine 2021; 148:155649. [PMID: 34388478 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of malignancy with high mortality. It has been reported Propofol could modulate the tumorigenesis of liver cancer; however, the mechanism by which Propofol regulates the development of HCC is still not clear. METHODS CCK8 assay was applied to test the cell viability. Flow cytometry and TUNEL staining were applied to detect the cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to investigate the association between miR-105 and JAK2. In addition, RNA and protein levels were investigated by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. RESULTS Propofol significantly suppressed the proliferation of HCC cells via inducing the apoptosis. Consistently, miR-105 upregulation inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells, while downregulation of miR-105 reversed Propofol-induced HCC cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, JAK2 was found to be the direct target of miR-105. Furthermore, Propofol could inactivate JAK2/STAT3 signaling via upregulation of miR-105. CONCLUSION Propofol significantly attenuated HCC tumorigenesis via mediation of miR-105/JAK2/STAT3 axis. Thereby, Propofol might act as a new agent for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Mengjiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zhonghai Wang
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, PR China.
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Liu J, Luo R, Wang J, Luan X, Wu D, Chen H, Hou Q, Mao G, Li X. Tumor Cell-Derived Exosomal miR-770 Inhibits M2 Macrophage Polarization via Targeting MAP3K1 to Inhibit the Invasion of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:679658. [PMID: 34195198 PMCID: PMC8236888 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.679658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a type lung cancer with high malignant behaviors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be involved in progression of NSCLC. In order to explore potential targets for the treatment of NSCLC, bioinformatics tool was used to analyze differential expressed miRNAs between NSCLC and adjacent normal tissues. Methods Bioinformatics tool was used to find potential targets for NSCLC. Cell proliferation was investigated by Ki67 staining. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. mRNA and protein expression in NSCLC cells were detected by RT-qPCR and Western-blot, respectively. Transwell assay was performed to test the cell migration and invasion. In order to investigate the function of exosomal miRNA in NSCLC, in vivo model of NSCLC was constructed. Results MiR-770 was identified to be downregulated in NSCLC, and miR-770 agomir could significantly inhibit NSCLC cell proliferation through inducing the apoptosis. Additionally, the metastasis of NSCLC cells was decreased by miR-770 agomir. MAP3K1 was identified to be the target mRNA of miR-770. Meanwhile, tumor cell-derived exosomal miR-770 inhibited M2 macrophage polarization via downregulation of MAP3K1, which in turn suppressed NSCLC cell invasion. Besides, tumor cell-derived exosomal miR-770 markedly decreased NSCLC tumor growth in vivo through suppressing M2 macrophage polarization. Conclusion Tumor cell-derived exosomal miR-770 inhibits M2 macrophage polarization to inhibit the invasion of NSCLC cells via targeting MAP3K1. Thus, this study provided a new strategy for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruixing Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junbin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyu Luan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Da Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinghua Hou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangxian Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Ni H, Qin H, Sun C, Liu Y, Ruan G, Guo Q, Xi T, Xing Y, Zheng L. MiR-375 reduces the stemness of gastric cancer cells through triggering ferroptosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:325. [PMID: 34090492 PMCID: PMC8180146 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main causes of metastasis and drug resistance. We previously indicated that miR-375 can inhibit Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis; here, we aim to explore the effects and mechanisms of miR-375 on gastric cancer (GC) cell stemness. METHODS Lentivirus infection was used to construct GC cells with ectopic expression of miR-375. In vitro and in vivo experiments, including analysis of tumor spheroid formation, CD44+ sub-population with stemness, stemness marker expression, and tumor-initiating ability, were performed to evaluate the effects of miR-375 on the stemness of GC cells. Furthermore, microarray and bioinformatics analysis were performed to search the potential targets of miR-375 in GC cells. Luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA-FISH assays were carried out to verify the targeting of miR-375. Subsequently, combined with tissue microarray analysis, erastin-resistant GC cells, transmission electron microscopy, a series of agonists and oxidative stress markers, the underlying mechanisms contributing to miR-375-mediated effects were explored. RESULTS MiR-375 reduced the stemness of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SLC7A11 was identified as a direct target of miR-375 and miR-375 attenuated the stemness of GC cells mainly through triggering SLC7A11-dependent ferroptosis. CONCLUSION MiR-375 can trigger the ferroptosis through targeting SLC7A11, which is essential for miR-375-mediated inhibition on GC cell stemness. These results suggest that the miR-375/SLC7A11 regulatory axis could serve as a potential target to provoke the ferroptosis and thus attenuate the stemness of GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Ni
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Qin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojing Ruan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingying Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Shi Y, Yi Z, Zhao P, Xu Y, Pan P. MicroRNA-532-5p protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by directly targeting CXCL1. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11528-11541. [PMID: 33867350 PMCID: PMC8109118 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the function of microRNA (miR)-532-5p in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI) and the underlying mechanisms using oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R)-treated SH-SY5Y cells and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model rats. MiR-532-5p levels were significantly downregulated in OGD/R-treated SH-SY5Y cells and the brain tissues of MCAO model rats. MiR-532-5p overexpression significantly reduced apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inflammation in the OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Bioinformatics analysis using the targetscan and miRDB databases as well as dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-532-5p directly binds to the 3’UTR of C-X-C Motif Ligand 1 (CXCL1). Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis showed that miR-532-5p expression was reduced in OGD/R-treated SH-SY5Y cells because of miR-532-5p promoter hypermethylation. Moreover, 5-azacytidine, a methylation inhibitor, restored miR-532-5p expression in OGD/R-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Brain tissues of MCAO model rats showed significantly increased cerebral infarction areas, cerebral water, neuronal apoptosis, and activated CXCL1/CXCR2/NF-κB signaling, but these effects were alleviated by intraventricular injection of miR-532-5p agomir. These findings demonstrate that miR-532-5p overexpression significantly reduces in vitro and in vivo CI/RI by targeting CXCL1. Thus, miR-532-5p is a potential therapeutic target for patients with CI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Shi
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongquan Yi
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Panwen Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pinglei Pan
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Tomei S, Volontè A, Ravindran S, Mazzoleni S, Wang E, Galli R, Maccalli C. MicroRNA Expression Profile Distinguishes Glioblastoma Stem Cells from Differentiated Tumor Cells. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040264. [PMID: 33916317 PMCID: PMC8066769 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most common and aggressive tumor of the brain. Despite the fact that several studies have recently addressed the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease, its etiology and pathogenesis are still poorly understood. GBM displays poor prognosis and its resistance to common therapeutic approaches makes it a highly recurrent tumor. Several studies have identified a subpopulation of tumor cells, known as GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs) characterized by the ability of self-renewal, tumor initiation and propagation. GBM CSCs have been shown to survive GBM chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Thus, targeting CSCs represents a promising approach to treat GBM. Recent evidence has shown that GBM is characterized by a dysregulated expression of microRNA (miRNAs). In this study we have investigated the difference between human GBM CSCs and their paired autologous differentiated tumor cells. Array-based profiling and quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed to identify miRNAs differentially expressed in CSCs. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were also interrogated, and functional interpretation analysis was performed. We have identified 14 miRNAs significantly differentially expressed in GBM CSCs (p < 0.005). MiR-21 and miR-95 were among the most significantly deregulated miRNAs, and their expression was also associated to patient survival. We believe that the data provided here carry important implications for future studies aiming at elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tomei
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha PO26999, Qatar; (S.R.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4003-7681
| | - Andrea Volontè
- Unit of Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors, Division of Molecular Oncology, San Raffaele Foundation Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Shilpa Ravindran
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha PO26999, Qatar; (S.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Stefania Mazzoleni
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Ena Wang
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, and Center for Human Immunology (CHI) National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Rossella Galli
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha PO26999, Qatar; (S.R.); (C.M.)
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13
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Gao XY, Zang J, Zheng MH, Zhang YF, Yue KY, Cao XL, Cao Y, Li XX, Han H, Jiang XF, Liang L. Temozolomide Treatment Induces HMGB1 to Promote the Formation of Glioma Stem Cells via the TLR2/NEAT1/Wnt Pathway in Glioblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:620883. [PMID: 33614649 PMCID: PMC7891666 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.620883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of glioma stem cells (GSCs) is considered as one of the main reasons of temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioma patients. Recent studies have shown that tumor microenvironment-derived signals could promote GSCs formation. But the critical molecule and underlying mechanism for GSCs formation after TMZ treatment is not entirely identified. Our study showed that TMZ treatment promoted GSCs formation by glioma cells; TMZ treatment of biopsy-derived glioblastoma multiforme cells upregulated HMGB1; HMGB1 altered gene expression profile of glioma cells with respect to mRNA, lncRNA and miRNA. Furthermore, our results showed that TMZ-induced HMGB1 increased the formation of GSCs and when HMGB1 was downregulated, TMZ-mediated GSCs formation was attenuated. Finally, we showed that the effect of HMGB1 on glioma cells was mediated by TLR2, which activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote GSCs. Mechanistically, we found that HMGB1 upregulated NEAT1, which was responsible for Wnt/β-catenin activation. In conclusion, TMZ treatment upregulates HMGB1, which promotes the formation of GSCs via the TLR2/NEAT1/Wnt pathway. Blocking HMGB1-mediated GSCs formation could serve as a potential therapeutic target for preventing TMZ resistance in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min-Hua Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang-Yi Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiu-Li Cao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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14
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Singh P, Singh A, Shah S, Vataliya J, Mittal A, Chitkara D. RNA Interference Nanotherapeutics for Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4040-4066. [PMID: 32902291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics for RNA interference (RNAi) are gaining attention in the treatment and management of several kinds of the so-called "undruggable" tumors via targeting specific molecular pathways or oncogenes. Synthetic ribonucleic acid (RNAs) oligonucleotides like siRNA, miRNA, shRNA, and lncRNA have shown potential as novel therapeutics. However, the delivery of such oligonucleotides is significantly hampered by their physiochemical (such as hydrophilicity, negative charge, and instability) and biopharmaceutical features (in vivo serum stability, fast renal clearance, interaction with extracellular proteins, and hindrance in cellular internalization) that markedly reduce their biological activity. Recently, several nanocarriers have evolved as suitable non-viral vectors for oligonucleotide delivery, which are known to either complex or conjugate with these oligonucleotides efficiently and also overcome the extracellular and intracellular barriers, thereby allowing access to the tumoral micro-environment for the better and desired outcome in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This Review focuses on the up-to-date advancements in the field of RNAi nanotherapeutics utilized for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aditi Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shruti Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jalpa Vataliya
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
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15
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Jiang L, Yang H, Chen T, Zhu X, Ye J, Lv K. Identification of HMG-box family establishes the significance of SOX6 in the malignant progression of glioblastoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8084-8106. [PMID: 32388501 PMCID: PMC7244032 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant neuroepithelial primary brain tumor and its mean survival time is 15 months after diagnosis. This study undertook to investigate the genome-wide and transcriptome-wide analyses of human high mobility group box (HMG-box) TF (transcript factor) families / HOX, TOX, FOX, HMG and SOX gene families, and their relationships to GBM. According to the TCGA-GBM profile analysis, differentially expressed HOX, FOX, HMG and SOX gene families (62 DEmRNA) were found in this study. We also analyzed DEmRNA (HMG-box related genes) co-expressed eight DElncRNA in GBM, and constructed a ceRNA network analysis as well. We constructed 50 DElncRNA-DEmiRNA-DEmRNA (HMG-box related genes) pairs between GBM and normal tissues. Then, risk genes SOX6 and SOX21 expression were correlated with immune infiltration levels in GBM. SOX6 also had a strong association with MAPT, GSK3B, FYN and DPYSL4, suggesting that they might be functional members in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Tianbing Chen
- Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Kun Lv
- Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
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