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Aboul-Soud MAM, Al-Sheikh YA, Ghneim HK, Supuran CT, Carta F. Kinase inhibitors: 20 years of success and many new challenges and recent trends in their patents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:583-592. [PMID: 38784980 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2355247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein kinases (PKs) play key roles in cellular signaling and regulation cascades and therefore are listed among the most investigated enzymes with the intent to develop drugs that are able to modulate their catalytic features. Specifically, PKs are involved in chronic diseases of large impact in the society such as cancers and neurodegeneration. Since the approval of Fasudil for the management of cerebral vasospasm, frantic efforts are currently ongoing for the development of selective PK-modulating agents. AREAS COVERED A selection of the most relevant patents in the European Patent Office for biomedical innovation and/or industrial development covering the years 2020-2023 on PK modulators either of the antibody and small-molecule type is reported. In addition to the examined patents, we also reported the contributions claiming the use of antibody-targeted PKs for lab bench identification kits. EXPERT OPINION The field of PK modulators for biomedical purposes is particularly crowded with contributions, making it rich in valuable information for the development of potential drugs. An emerging frontier is represented by PK activators that aims to complement the use of PK inhibitors with the final intent of finely adjusting any PK-related disruption responsible for triggering any disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad A M Aboul-Soud
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed A Al-Sheikh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem K Ghneim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Tiwari A, Gautam AS, Pandey SK, Singh S, Singh RK. The role of RIPK1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104020. [PMID: 38740363 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Necroptosis has emerged as one of the crucial pathological processes involved in the regulation of cell death and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway epithelial necroptosis is closely linked to COPD pathogenesis. Necroptotic lung cells can release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that can initiate a robust inflammatory response. However, the underlying mechanism of necroptosis in COPD is still not clearly understood. Therefore, we aimed to explore the roles and mechanisms of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)-mediated necroptosis in the regulation of inflammatory responses in COPD to provide insights into RIPK1-inhibitor drug discovery efforts and their therapeutic benefits in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-Raebareli), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avtar Singh Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-Raebareli), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivam Kumar Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-Raebareli), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shreya Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-Raebareli), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-Raebareli), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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3
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Singha Roy A, Majumder S, Saha P. Stable RNA G-Quadruplex in the 5'-UTR of Human cIAP1 mRNA Promotes Translation in an IRES-Independent Manner. Biochemistry 2024. [PMID: 38334276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) structures can influence the fate and functions of mRNAs, especially the translation process. The presence of rG4 structures in 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTRs) of mRNAs generally represses translation. However, rG4 structures can also promote internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated translation as one of its determinants. Here, we report the identification of an evolutionary conserved rG4-forming sequence motif at the extreme 5'-end of the unusually long 5'-UTR (1.7 kb) in the transcript of human cIAP1 gene encoding the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1 that promotes cell survival by suppressing apoptosis and is overexpressed in various cancer cells. Expectedly, NMR study, CD spectroscopy, and UV melting assay confirm the formation of a potassium ion-dependent intramolecular and parallel rG4 structure at the sequence stretch. Moreover, the G4-RNA-specific precipitation using biotin-linked biomimetic BioCyTASQ validates the formation of the rG4 structure in the cIAP1 5'-UTR in cells. Interestingly, disruption of the rG4 structure in the cIAP1 5'-UTR results in a dramatic reduction in translation of the downstream luciferase reporter in cells, suggesting a translation-promoting effect of the rG4 structure, contrary to many earlier reports. Furthermore, enhancement of translation by the cIAP1 rG4 structure occurs in an IRES-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Singha Roy
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Biophysical Sciences Group, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Subhabrata Majumder
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
- Biophysics and Structural Biology Division, Biophysical Sciences Group, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Partha Saha
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Biophysical Sciences Group, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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4
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Arroyo Villora S, Castellanos Silva P, Zenz T, Kwon JS, Schlaudraff N, Nitaj D, Meckbach C, Dammann R, Richter AM. Biomarker RIPK3 Is Silenced by Hypermethylation in Melanoma and Epigenetic Editing Reestablishes Its Tumor Suppressor Function. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:175. [PMID: 38397165 PMCID: PMC10888250 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
For several decades, cancers have demonstrably been one of the most frequent causes of death worldwide. In addition to genetic causes, cancer can also be caused by epigenetic gene modifications. Frequently, tumor suppressor genes are epigenetically inactivated due to hypermethylation of their CpG islands, actively contributing to tumorigenesis. Since CpG islands are usually localized near promoters, hypermethylation of the promoter can have a major impact on gene expression. In this study, the potential tumor suppressor gene Receptor Interacting Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 3 (RIPK3) was examined for an epigenetic regulation and its gene inactivation in melanomas. A hypermethylation of the RIPK3 CpG island was detected by bisulfite pyrosequencing and was accompanied by a correlated loss of its expression. In addition, an increasing RIPK3 methylation rate was observed with increasing tumor stage of melanomas. For further epigenetic characterization of RIPK3, epigenetic modulation was performed using a modified CRISPR/dCas9 (CRISPRa activation) system targeting its DNA hypermethylation. We observed a reduced fitness of melanoma cells by (re-)expression and demethylation of the RIPK3 gene using the epigenetic editing-based method. The tumor suppressive function of RIPK3 was evident by phenotypic determination using fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and wound healing assay. Our data highlight the function of RIPK3 as an epigenetically regulated tumor suppressor in melanoma, allowing it to be classified as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Arroyo Villora
- Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Tamara Zenz
- Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ji Sun Kwon
- Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Nico Schlaudraff
- Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Dafina Nitaj
- Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Meckbach
- Department of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dammann
- Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Antje M. Richter
- Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
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Tomić T, Tomić D, Vukoja M, Kraljević M, Ljevak I, Glamočlija U, Tomić V, Vukojević K, Beljan Perak R, Šoljić V. Clinical Significance and Expression Pattern of RIP5 and VGLL4 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated with Sunitinib. Biomedicines 2024; 12:149. [PMID: 38255254 PMCID: PMC10813538 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
While clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is curable, advanced metastatic (mRCC) remains a clinical challenge. We analyzed clinical, pathohistological, and molecular data (Receptor Interacting Protein 5-RIP5 and Vestigial Like Family Member 4-VGLL4 expression) of 55 mRCC patients treated with first-line treatment with sunitinib. The trend of linear increase in the protein expression of RIP5 was observed with the progression of tumor grade. Overall, 80% of RIP5-positive cells were in the control kidneys and high-grade mRCC. On the contrary, RIP5 displayed low expression in grade 2 mRCC (5.63%). The trend of linear decrease in the expression of VGLL4 was observed with the progression of tumor grade. The highest protein expression of VGLL4 was observed in grade 2 (87.82%) in comparison to grade 3 and 4 and control. High expression of RIP5 mRNA was associated with longer first-line overall survival and longer progression-free survival in mRCC. In addition, a high VGLL4 mRNA expression showed better overall survival in patients with ccRCC. In conclusion, high mRNA expression of RIP5 and VGLL4 are important markers of better survival rates in mRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Tomić
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (T.T.); (I.L.); (V.T.); (V.Š.)
| | - Davor Tomić
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Center Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Laboratory of Morphology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Martina Vukoja
- Laboratory of Morphology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Marija Kraljević
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ivona Ljevak
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (T.T.); (I.L.); (V.T.); (V.Š.)
| | - Una Glamočlija
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Vajdana Tomić
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (T.T.); (I.L.); (V.T.); (V.Š.)
- Laboratory of Morphology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Center Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Katarina Vukojević
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (T.T.); (I.L.); (V.T.); (V.Š.)
- Laboratory of Morphology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Renata Beljan Perak
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Violeta Šoljić
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (T.T.); (I.L.); (V.T.); (V.Š.)
- Laboratory of Morphology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
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Misehe M, Šála M, Matoušová M, Hercík K, Kocek H, Chalupská D, Chaloupecká E, Hájek M, Boura E, Mertlíková-Kaiserová H, Nencka R. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel thieno[2,3d]pyrimidine derivatives as potent and specific RIPK2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 97:129567. [PMID: 38008339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
In human cells, receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is mainly known to mediate downstream enzymatic cascades from the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing receptors 1 and 2 (NOD1/2), which are regulators of pro-inflammatory signaling. Thus, the targeted inhibition of RIPK2 has been proposed as a pharmacological strategy for the treatment of a variety of pathologies, in particular inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this work, we designed and developed novel thieno[2,3d]pyrimidine derivatives, in order to explore their activity and selectivity as RIPK2 inhibitors. Primary in vitro evaluations of the new molecules against purified RIPKs (RIPK1-4) demonstrated outstanding inhibitory potency and selectivity for the enzyme RIPK2. Moreover, investigations for efficacy against the RIPK2-NOD1/2 signaling pathways, conducted in living cells, showed their potency could be tuned towards a low nanomolar range. This could be achieved by solely varying the substitutions at position 6 of the thieno[2,3d]pyrimidine scaffold. A subset of lead inhibitors were ultimately evaluated for selectivity against 58 human kinases other than RIPKs, displaying great specificities. We therefore obtained new inhibitors that might serve as starting point for the preparation of targeted tools, which could be useful to gain a better understanding of biological roles and clinical potential of RIPK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbilo Misehe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šála
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marika Matoušová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Hercík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hugo Kocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Chalupská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ema Chaloupecká
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Hájek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková-Kaiserová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Li H, Sun C, Li Y, Sun H. Analysis of alternative splicing in chicken macrophages transfected with overexpression/knockdown of RIP2 gene. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3855-3866. [PMID: 37466384 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2233012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) plays a critical role in the transduction of many signaling pathways and is associated with many diseases. Alternative splicing (AS) is an essential and ubiquitous regulatory mechanism of gene expression that contributes to distinct transcript variants and many different kinds of proteins. In this present study, we characterized genome-wide AS events in wild-type chicken macrophages (WT) and RIP2 overexpression/knockdown chicken macrophages (oeRIP2/shRIP2) by high-throughput RNA sequencing technology. A total of 1901, 2061, and 817 differentially expressed (DE) AS genes were identified in the comparison of oeRIP2 vs. WT, oeRIP2 vs. shRIP2, and shRIP2 vs. WT, respectively. These DE AS genes participated in many important KEGG pathways, including regulation of autophagy, Wnt signaling pathway, Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, MAPK signaling pathway, and Focal adhesion, etc. In conclusion, this research provided a broad atlas of the genome-wide scale of the AS event landscape in RIP2 overexpression/knockdown and wild-type chicken macrophages. This research also provides the theoretical basis of the gene network related to RIP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
- Yangzhou Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Products Intelligent Measurement and Control & Cleaner Production, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changhua Sun
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
- Yangzhou Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Products Intelligent Measurement and Control & Cleaner Production, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
- Yangzhou Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Products Intelligent Measurement and Control & Cleaner Production, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Misehe M, Matoušová M, Dvořáková A, Hercík K, Škach K, Chalupská D, Dejmek M, Šála M, Hájek M, Boura E, Mertlíková-Kaiserová H, Nencka R. Exploring positions 6 and 7 of a quinazoline-based scaffold leads to changes in selectivity and potency towards RIPK2/3 kinases. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115717. [PMID: 37598483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinases 2 and 3 (RIPK2 and RIPK3) are considered attractive therapeutic enzyme targets for the treatment of a multitude of inflammatory diseases and cancers. In this study, we developed three interrelated series of novel quinazoline-based derivatives to investigate the effects of extensive modifications of positions 6 and 7 of the central core on the inhibitory activity and the selectivity against these RIPKs. The design of the derivatives was inspired by analyses of available literary knowledge on both RIPK2 and RIPK3 in complex with known quinazoline or quinoline inhibitors. Enzymatic investigations for bioactivity of the prepared molecules against purified RIPKs (RIPK1-4) shed light on multiple potent and selective RIPK2 and dual RIPK2/3 inhibitors. Furthermore, evaluations in living cells against the RIPK2-NOD1/2-mediated signaling pathways, identified as the potential primary targets, demonstrated nanomolar inhibition for a majority of the compounds. In addition, we have demonstrated overall good stability of various lead inhibitors in both human and mouse microsomes and plasma. Several of these compounds also were evaluated for selectivity across 58 human kinases other than RIPKs, exhibiting outstanding specificity profiles. We have thus clearly demonstrated that tuning appropriate substitutions at positions 6 and 7 of the developed quinazoline derivatives may lead to interesting potency and specificities against RIPK2 and RIPK3. This knowledge might therefore be employed for the targeted preparation of new, highly potent and selective tools against these RIPKs, which could be of utility in biological and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbilo Misehe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marika Matoušová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Dvořáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Hercík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kryštof Škach
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Chalupská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dejmek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šála
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Hájek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková-Kaiserová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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9
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Zhu C, Herbst S, Lewis PA. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 at a glance. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs259724. [PMID: 37698513 PMCID: PMC10508695 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a multidomain scaffolding protein with dual guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) and kinase enzymatic activities, providing this protein with the capacity to regulate a multitude of signalling pathways and act as a key mediator of diverse cellular processes. Much of the interest in LRRK2 derives from mutations in the LRRK2 gene being the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease, and from the association of the LRRK2 locus with a number of other human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, the LRRK2 research field has focused on the link between LRRK2 and pathology, with the aim of uncovering the underlying mechanisms and, ultimately, finding novel therapies and treatments to combat them. From the biochemical and cellular functions of LRRK2, to its relevance to distinct disease mechanisms, this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster deliver a snapshot of our current understanding of LRRK2 function, dysfunction and links to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Zhu
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Susanne Herbst
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Patrick A. Lewis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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10
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Feng M, Zhang R, Zhang M, Chen M, Ji L, Duan D, Qiang H. Administration of necrostatin-1 ameliorates glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rats. J Mol Histol 2023:10.1007/s10735-023-10124-x. [PMID: 37156987 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a serious complication of glucocorticoid treatment and is characterized by dysfunctional bone reconstruction at necrotic sites. Our previous study confirmed the protective potential of necrostatin-1, a selective blocker of necroptosis, in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. In this study, rat models of GC-induced ONFH were established to evaluate the effects of necrostatin-1 on osteonecrotic changes and repair processes. Osteonecrosis was verified by histopathological staining. An analysis of trabecular bone architecture was performed to evaluate osteogenesis in the osteonecrotic zone. Then, necroptotic signaling molecules such as RIP1 and RIP3 were examined by immunohistochemistry. Histopathological observations indicated that necrostatin-1 administration reduced the incidence of osteonecrosis and the osteogenic response in subchondral areas. Additionally, bone histomorphometry demonstrated that necrostatin-1 intervention could restore bone reconstruction in the necrotic zone. The protective mechanism of necrostatin-1 was related to the inhibition of RIP1 and RIP3. Necrostatin-1 administration alleviated GC-induced ONFH in rats by attenuating the formation of necrotic lesions, recovering the function of osteogenesis, and suppressing glucocorticoid-induced osteocytic necroptosis by inhibiting the expression of RIP1 and RIP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- Department of ICU, 521 Healthy Institute of North Industries, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, 521 Healthy Institute of North Industries, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Le Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Dapeng Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Qiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
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Bozgeyik E, Bagis H, Bozgeyik I, Kocahan S. The roles of long non-coding RNAs in the necroptotic signaling of colon cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5021-5028. [PMID: 37097538 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necroptosis is a controlled form of necrosis which can be stimulated in cases where the apoptosis signal is absent. Necroptosis can be induced by DR family ligands and by various intracellular and extracellular stimuli that triggers the activation of DR family ligands. Necrostatins, which are specific RIP1 antagonists, prevent necroptosis by inhibiting RIP1 kinase, allowing survival and propagation of cells in the presence of DR ligands. Furthermore, there is a mounting evidence that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) molecules accomplish vital functions in cell death processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. Accordingly, here we aimed to decipher the lncRNAs that are involved in the control and maintenance of necroptosis signaling. METHODS AND RESULTS Colon cancer cell lines, HT-29 and HCT-116 were used for the study. For the chemical modulation of necroptosis signaling, 5-Fluorouracil, TNF-α and/or Necrostatin-1 were used. Gene expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Remarkably, lncRNA P50-associated COX-2 extragenic RNA (PACER) was identified to be suppressed in necroptosis-induced colon cancers, whereas the expression of PACER was restored when necroptosis was suppressed. In addition, no detectable change was observed in HCT-116 colon cancer cells, as these cells lack the expression of RIP3 kinase. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, current findings clearly imply that PACER have key regulatory roles in the control of necroptotic cell death signaling circuitry. Notably, the tumor promoter activity of PACER might be responsible for the lack of necroptotic death signal in cancer cells. Also, RIP3 kinase seems to be essential component in PACER-associated necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Bozgeyik
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
| | - Haydar Bagis
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Bozgeyik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Sayad Kocahan
- Department of Physiology, Gulhane Medical Faculty, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Pham AT, Ghilardi AF, Sun L. Recent advances in the development of RIPK2 modulators for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1127722. [PMID: 36959850 PMCID: PMC10028200 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1127722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2) is a vital immunomodulator that plays critical roles in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), NOD2, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling. Stimulated NOD1 and NOD2 interact with RIPK2 and lead to the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), followed by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12/23. Defects in NOD/RIPK2 signaling are associated with numerous inflammatory diseases, including asthma, sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), multiple sclerosis, and Blau syndrome. As RIPK2 is a crucial element of innate immunity, small molecules regulating RIPK2 functions are attractive to establish novel immunotherapies. The increased interest in developing RIPK2 inhibitors has led to the clinical investigations of novel drug candidates. In this review, we attempt to summarize recent advances in the development of RIPK2 inhibitors and degraders.
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Shi K, Zhang J, Zhou E, Wang J, Wang Y. Small-Molecule Receptor-Interacting Protein 1 (RIP1) Inhibitors as Therapeutic Agents for Multifaceted Diseases: Current Medicinal Chemistry Insights and Emerging Opportunities. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14971-14999. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Shi
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Enda Zhou
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
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14
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Necrosulfonamide ameliorates intestinal inflammation via inhibiting GSDMD-medicated pyroptosis and MLKL-mediated necroptosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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