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Elnaggar A, Mosa KA, Ramamoorthy K, El-Keblawy A, Navarro T, Soliman SSM. De novo transcriptome sequencing, assembly, and gene expression profiling of a salt-stressed halophyte (Salsola drummondii) from a saline habitat. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1695-1714. [PMID: 34741316 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salsola drummondii is a perennial habitat-indifferent halophyte growing in saline and nonsaline habitats of the Arabian hyperarid deserts. It offers an invaluable opportunity to examine the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance. The present study was conducted to elucidate these mechanisms through transcriptome profiling of seedlings grown from seeds collected in a saline habitat. The Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform was employed to sequence cDNA libraries prepared from shoots and roots of nonsaline-treated plants (controls) and plants treated with 1200 mM NaCl. Transcriptomic comparison between salt-treated and control samples resulted in 17,363 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 12,000 upregulated genes (7870 in roots, 4130 in shoots) and 5363 downregulated genes (4258 in roots and 1105 in shoots). The majority of identified DEGs are known to be involved in transcription regulation (79), signal transduction (82), defense metabolism (101), transportation (410), cell wall metabolism (27), regulatory processes (392), respiration (85), chaperoning (9), and ubiquitination (98) during salt tolerance. This study identified potential genes associated with the salt tolerance of S. drummondii and demonstrated that this tolerance may depend on the induction of certain genes in shoot and root tissues. These gene expressions were validated using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR, the results of which were consistent with transcriptomics results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study providing genetic information on salt tolerance mechanisms in S. drummondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attiat Elnaggar
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Departmento de Botanica y Fisiologia Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Kareem A Mosa
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kalidoss Ramamoorthy
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Ali El-Keblawy
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Arish University, Egypt
| | - Teresa Navarro
- Departmento de Botanica y Fisiologia Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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Moin M, Saha A, Bakshi A, Madhav MS, Kirti PB. Constitutive expression of Ribosomal Protein L6 modulates salt tolerance in rice transgenic plants. Gene 2021; 789:145670. [PMID: 33892070 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have functionally characterized the RPL6, a Ribosomal Protein Large subunit gene for salt stress tolerance in rice. The overexpression of RPL6 resulted in tolerance to moderate (150 mM) to high (200 mM) levels of salt (NaCl). The transgenic rice plants expressing RPL6 constitutively showed better phenotypic and physiological responses with high quantum efficiency, accumulation of higher chlorophyll and proline contents, and an overall increase in seed yield compared with the wild type in salt stress treatments. An iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analysis revealed the high expression of about 333 proteins among the 4378 DAPs in a selected overexpression line of RPL6 treated with 200 mM of NaCl. The functional analysis showed that these highly accumulated proteins (HAPs) are involved in photosynthesis, ribosome and chloroplast biogenesis, ion transportation, transcription and translation regulation, phytohormone and secondary metabolite signal transduction. An in silico network analysis of HAPs predicted that RPL6 binds with translation-related proteins and helicases, which coordinately affect the activities of a comprehensive signaling network, thereby inducing tolerance and promoting growth and productivity in response to salt stress. Our overall findings identified a novel candidate, RPL6, whose characterization contributed to the existing knowledge on the complexity of salt tolerance mechanism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazahar Moin
- Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Hyderabad 500030, India.
| | - Anusree Saha
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Achala Bakshi
- Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Hyderabad 500030, India
| | - M S Madhav
- Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Hyderabad 500030, India
| | - P B Kirti
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; Agri-Biotech Foundation, PJTS Agricultural University, Hyderabad 500030, India
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3
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Wang Z, Zhao Z, Fan G, Dong Y, Deng M, Xu E, Zhai X, Cao H. A comparison of the transcriptomes between diploid and autotetraploid Paulownia fortunei under salt stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1-11. [PMID: 30804626 PMCID: PMC6352521 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Paulownia is a tree species grown in many countries. Our previous study reveals that tetraploid Paulownia fortunei is more tolerant to salt stress than its corresponding diploid tree. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in P. fortunei, the transcriptomes of normal and salt-stressed diploid and tetraploid were investigated. After assembling the clean reads, we obtained 130,842 unigenes. The unigenes were aligned against six public databases (Nr, Nt, Swiss-Prot, COG, KEGG, GO) to discover homologs and assign functional annotations. We retrieved 7983 and 15,503 differentially expressed unigenes (DEUs) between the normal and the salt-stressed diploid and tetraploid P. fortunei, respectively. We identified dozens of important DEUs including 3 related to photosynthesis, 10 related to plant growth and development and 11 related to osmolytes. Some of these DEUs were upregulated in tetraploid compared to diploid and others were upregulated under salt stress. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction verified the expression patterns of 15 unigenes. Our results provided insights into the molecular aspects why tetraploid is stronger and more energetic than diploid under saline environment. This study provides useful information for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in other tree plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenli Zhao
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Fan
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanpeng Dong
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Minjie Deng
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Enkai Xu
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiao Zhai
- Henan Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Heping Cao
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA
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Shi Y, Yue X, An L. Integrated regulation triggered by a cryophyte ω-3 desaturase gene confers multiple-stress tolerance in tobacco. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2131-2148. [PMID: 29432580 PMCID: PMC6019038 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ω-3 fatty acid desaturases (FADs) are thought to contribute to plant stress tolerance mainly through linolenic acid (C18:3)-induced membrane stabilization, but a comprehensive analysis of their roles in stress adaptation is lacking. Here, we isolated a microsomal ω-3 FAD gene (CbFAD3) from a cryophyte (Chorispora bungeana) and elucidated its functions in stress tolerance. CbFAD3, exhibiting a high identity to Arabidopsis AtFAD3, was up-regulated by abiotic stresses. Its functionality was verified by heterogonous expression in yeast. Overexpression of CbFAD3 in tobacco constitutively increased C18:3 in both leaves and roots, which maintained the membrane fluidity, and enhanced plant tolerance to cold, drought, and salt stresses. Notably, the constitutively increased C18:3 induced a sustained activation of plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase, thereby, changing the stress-induced Ca2+ signaling. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system, which was positively correlated with the level of C18:3, was also activated in the transgenic lines. Microarray analysis showed that CbFAD3-overexpressing plants increased the expression of stress-responsive genes, most of which are affected by C18:3, Ca2+, or ROS. Together, CbFAD3 confers tolerance to multiple stresses in tobacco through the C18:3-induced integrated regulation of membrane, Ca2+, ROS, and stress-responsive genes. This is in contrast with previous observations that simply attribute stress tolerance to membrane stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Shi
- Extreme Stress Resistance and Biotechnology Laboratory, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xiule Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Lizhe An
- Extreme Stress Resistance and Biotechnology Laboratory, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
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Gonzalez E, Pitre FE, Pagé AP, Marleau J, Guidi Nissim W, St-Arnaud M, Labrecque M, Joly S, Yergeau E, Brereton NJB. Trees, fungi and bacteria: tripartite metatranscriptomics of a root microbiome responding to soil contamination. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:53. [PMID: 29562928 PMCID: PMC5863371 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One method for rejuvenating land polluted with anthropogenic contaminants is through phytoremediation, the reclamation of land through the cultivation of specific crops. The capacity for phytoremediation crops, such as Salix spp., to tolerate and even flourish in contaminated soils relies on a highly complex and predominantly cryptic interacting community of microbial life. METHODS Here, Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly were used to observe gene expression in washed Salix purpurea cv. 'Fish Creek' roots from trees pot grown in petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated or non-contaminated soil. All 189,849 assembled contigs were annotated without a priori assumption as to sequence origin and differential expression was assessed. RESULTS The 839 contigs differentially expressed (DE) and annotated from S. purpurea revealed substantial increases in transcripts encoding abiotic stress response equipment, such as glutathione S-transferases, in roots of contaminated trees as well as the hallmarks of fungal interaction, such as SWEET2 (Sugars Will Eventually Be Exported Transporter). A total of 8252 DE transcripts were fungal in origin, with contamination conditions resulting in a community shift from Ascomycota to Basidiomycota genera. In response to contamination, 1745 Basidiomycota transcripts increased in abundance (the majority uniquely expressed in contaminated soil) including major monosaccharide transporter MST1, primary cell wall and lamella CAZy enzymes, and an ectomycorrhiza-upregulated exo-β-1,3-glucanase (GH5). Additionally, 639 DE polycistronic transcripts from an uncharacterised Enterobacteriaceae species were uniformly in higher abundance in contamination conditions and comprised a wide spectrum of genes cryptic under laboratory conditions but considered putatively involved in eukaryotic interaction, biofilm formation and dioxygenase hydrocarbon degradation. CONCLUSIONS Fungal gene expression, representing the majority of contigs assembled, suggests out-competition of white rot Ascomycota genera (dominated by Pyronema), a sometimes ectomycorrhizal (ECM) Ascomycota (Tuber) and ECM Basidiomycota (Hebeloma) by a poorly characterised putative ECM Basidiomycota due to contamination. Root and fungal expression involved transcripts encoding carbohydrate/amino acid (C/N) dialogue whereas bacterial gene expression included the apparatus necessary for biofilm interaction and direct reduction of contamination stress, a potential bacterial currency for a role in tripartite mutualism. Unmistakable within the metatranscriptome is the degree to which the landscape of rhizospheric biology, particularly the important but predominantly uncharacterised fungal genetics, is yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gonzalez
- Canadian Center for Computational Genomics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Montréal, H3A 1A4, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - F E Pitre
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - A P Pagé
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development (ACRD), National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - J Marleau
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - W Guidi Nissim
- Department of Agri-food and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - M St-Arnaud
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - M Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - S Joly
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - E Yergeau
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - N J B Brereton
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
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Srivastava S, Vishwakarma RK, Arafat YA, Gupta SK, Khan BM. Abiotic stress induces change in Cinnamoyl CoA Reductase (CCR) protein abundance and lignin deposition in developing seedlings of Leucaena leucocephala. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 21:197-205. [PMID: 25931776 PMCID: PMC4411380 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-015-0289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Aboitic stress such as drought and salinity are class of major threats, which plants undergo through their lifetime. Lignin deposition is one of the responses to such abiotic stresses. The gene encoding Cinnamoyl CoA Reductase (CCR) is a key gene for lignin biosynthesis, which has been shown to be over-expressed under stress conditions. In the present study, developing seedlings of Leucaena leucocephala (Vernacular name: Subabul, White popinac) were treated with 1 % mannitol and 200 mM NaCl to mimic drought and salinity stress conditions, respectively. Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) based expression pattern of CCR protein was monitored coupled with Phlorogucinol/HCl activity staining of lignin in transverse sections of developing L. leucocephala seedlings under stress. Our result suggests a differential lignification pattern in developing root and stem under stress conditions. Increase in lignification was observed in mannitol treated stems and corresponding CCR protein accumulation was also higher than control and salt stress treated samples. On the contrary CCR protein was lower in NaCl treated stems and corresponding lignin deposition was also low. Developing root tissue showed a high level of CCR content and lignin deposition than stem samples under all conditions tested. Overall result suggested that lignin accumulation was not affected much in case of developing root however developing stems were significantly affected under drought and salinity stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Srivastava
- />Plant Tissue Culture Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, PAshan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008 India
| | - Rishi K. Vishwakarma
- />Plant Tissue Culture Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, PAshan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008 India
| | - Yasir Ali Arafat
- />Plant Tissue Culture Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, PAshan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008 India
| | - Sushim K. Gupta
- />Plant Tissue Culture Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, PAshan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008 India
| | - Bashir M. Khan
- />Plant Tissue Culture Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, PAshan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008 India
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Wang L, Qin L, Liu W, Zhang D, Wang Y. A novel ethylene-responsive factor from Tamarix hispida, ThERF1, is a GCC-box- and DRE-motif binding protein that negatively modulates abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 152:84-97. [PMID: 24479715 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene-responsive factor (ERF) family is one of the largest families of plant-specific transcription factor that can positively or negatively regulate abiotic stress tolerance. However, their functions in regulating abiotic stress tolerance are still not fully understood. In this study, we characterized the functions of an ERF gene from Tamarix hispida, ThERF1, which can negatively regulate abiotic stress tolerance. The expression of ThERF1 was induced by salinity, PEG-simulated drought and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. ThERF1 can specifically bind to GCC-box and DRE motifs. Overexpression of ThERF1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed inhibited seed germination, and decreased fresh weight gain and root growth compared with wild-type (WT) plants. In addition, the transcript levels of several superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) genes in transgenic plants were significantly inhibited compared with in WT plants, resulting in decreased SOD and POD activities in transgenic plants under salt and drought stress conditions. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and cell membrane damage in ThERF1-transformed plants were all highly increased relative to WT plants. Our results suggest that ThERF1 negatively regulates abiotic stress tolerance by strongly inhibiting the expression of SOD and POD genes, leading to decreased ROS-scavenging ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
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Yadav NS, Singh VK, Singh D, Jha B. A novel gene SbSI-2 encoding nuclear protein from a halophyte confers abiotic stress tolerance in E. coli and tobacco. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101926. [PMID: 24999628 PMCID: PMC4084957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicornia brachiata is an extreme halophyte that grows luxuriantly in coastal marshes. Previously, we have reported isolation and characterization of ESTs from Salicornia with large number of novel/unknown salt-responsive gene sequences. In this study, we have selected a novel salt-inducible gene SbSI-2 (Salicornia brachiata salt-inducible-2) for functional characterization. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that SbSI-2 protein has predicted nuclear localization signals and a strong protein-protein interaction domain. Transient expression of the RFP:SbSI2 fusion protein confirmed that SbSI-2 is a nuclear-localized protein. Genomic organization study showed that SbSI-2 is intronless and has a single copy in Salicornia genome. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed higher SbSI-2 expression under salt stress and desiccation conditions. The SbSI-2 gene was transformed in E. coli and tobacco for functional characterization. pET28a-SbSI-2 recombinant E. coli cells showed higher tolerance to desiccation and salinity compared to vector alone. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing SbSI-2 have improved salt- and osmotic tolerance, accompanied by better growth parameters, higher relative water content, elevated accumulation of compatible osmolytes, lower Na+ and ROS accumulation and lesser electrolyte leakage than the wild-type. Overexpression of the SbSI-2 also enhanced transcript levels of ROS-scavenging genes and some stress-related transcription factors under salt and osmotic stresses. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SbSI-2 might play an important positive modulation role in abiotic stress tolerance. This identifies SbSI-2 as a novel determinant of salt/osmotic tolerance and suggests that it could be a potential bioresource for engineering abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Singh Yadav
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Singh
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dinkar Singh
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, New Delhi, India
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de Lima RB, dos Santos TB, Vieira LGE, de Lourdes Lúcio Ferrarese M, Ferrarese-Filho O, Donatti L, Boeger MRT, de Oliveira Petkowicz CL. Salt stress alters the cell wall polysaccharides and anatomy of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaf cells. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 112:686-94. [PMID: 25129798 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Coffea arabica is the most important agricultural commodity in the world, and salinity is a major threat to its sustainable irrigation. Coffee leaf polysaccharides from plants subjected to salt stress were extracted and the leaves visualized through optical and electron microscopy. Alterations were detected in the monosaccharide composition of the pectin and hemicelluloses, with increases in uronic acid in all fractions. Changes in the polysaccharides were confirmed by HPSEC and FTIR. Moreover, the monolignol content was increased in the final residue, which suggests increased lignin content. The cytoplasm was altered, and the chloroplasts appeared irregular in shape. The arrangement of the stroma lamellae was disordered, and no starch granules were present. It was concluded that leaves of C. arabica under salt stress showed alterations in cell wall polysaccharides, increased monolignol content and structural damage to the cells of the mesophyll.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Barbosa de Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, C.P.19046, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucélia Donatti
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
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Kim J, Choi B, Park YH, Cho BK, Lim HS, Natarajan S, Park SU, Bae H. Molecular characterization of ferulate 5-hydroxylase gene from kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:421578. [PMID: 24204204 PMCID: PMC3800569 DOI: 10.1155/2013/421578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to clone and characterize the expression pattern of a F5H gene encoding ferulate 5-hydroxylase in the phenylpropanoid pathway from kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). Kenaf is a fast-growing dicotyledonous plant valued for its biomass. F5H, a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase (CYP84), is a key enzyme for syringyl lignin biosynthesis. The full length of the F5H ortholog was cloned and characterized. The full-length F5H ortholog consists of a 1,557-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 518 amino acids (GenBank Accession number JX524278). The deduced amino acid sequence showed that kenaf F5H had the highest similarity (78%) with that of Populus trichocarpa. Transcriptional analysis of F5H ortholog was conducted using quantitative real-time PCR during the developmental stages of various tissues and in response to various abiotic stresses. The highest transcript level of the F5H ortholog was observed in immature flower tissues and in early stage (6 week-old) of stem tissues, with a certain level of expression in all tissues tested. The highest transcript level of F5H ortholog was observed at the late time points after treatments with NaCl (48 h), wounding (24 h), cold (24 h), abscisic acid (24 h), and methyl jasmonate (24 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonggeun Kim
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Bosung Choi
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Park
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biosystems and Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Savithiry Natarajan
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Sang-Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-754, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
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Zhao Q, Zhang H, Wang T, Chen S, Dai S. Proteomics-based investigation of salt-responsive mechanisms in plant roots. J Proteomics 2013; 82:230-53. [PMID: 23385356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that limits agricultural productivity worldwide. Plant roots function as the primary site of salinity perception. Salt responses in roots are essential for maintaining root functionality, as well as for transmitting the salt signal to shoot for proper salt response and adaptation in the entire plant. Therefore, a thorough understanding of signaling and metabolic mechanisms of salt response in roots is critical for improving plant salt tolerance. Current proteomic studies have provided salt-responsive expression patterns of 905 proteins in 14 plant species. Through integrative analysis of salt-responsive proteins and previous physiological and molecular findings, this review summarizes current understanding of salt responses in roots and highlights proteomic findings on the molecular mechanisms in the fine-tuned salt-responsive networks. At the proteome level, the following processes become dominant in root salt response: (i) salt signal perception and transduction; (ii) detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS); (iii) salt uptake/exclusion and compartmentalization; (iv) protein translation and/or turnover dynamics; (v) cytoskeleton/cell wall dynamics; (vi) carbohydrate and energy metabolism; and (vii) other salt-responsive metabolisms. These processes work together to gain cellular homeostasis in roots and determine the overall phenotype of plant growth and development under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Rewald B, Raveh E, Gendler T, Ephrath JE, Rachmilevitch S. Phenotypic plasticity and water flux rates of Citrus root orders under salinity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:2717-27. [PMID: 22268156 PMCID: PMC3346233 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about the root system structure and the uptake efficiency of root orders is critical to understand the adaptive plasticity of plants towards salt stress. Thus, this study describes the phenological and physiological plasticity of Citrus volkameriana rootstocks under severe NaCl stress on the level of root orders. Phenotypic root traits known to influence uptake processes, for example frequency of root orders, specific root area, cortical thickness, and xylem traits, did not change homogeneously throughout the root system, but changes after 6 months under 90 mM NaCl stress were root order specific. Chloride accumulation significantly increased with decreasing root order, and the Cl(-) concentration in lower root orders exceeded those in leaves. Water flux densities of first-order roots decreased to <20% under salinity and did not recover after stress release. The water flux densities of higher root orders changed marginally under salinity and increased 2- to 6-fold in second and third root orders after short-term stress release. Changes in root order frequency, morphology, and anatomy indicate rapid and major modification of C. volkameriana root systems under salt stress. Reduced water uptake under salinity was related to changes of water flux densities among root orders and to reduced root surface areas. The importance of root orders for water uptake changed under salinity from root tips towards higher root orders. The root order-specific changes reflect differences in vulnerability (indicated by the salt accumulation) and ontogenetic status, and point to functional differences among root orders under high salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Rewald
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
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Gao C, Zhang K, Yang G, Wang Y. Expression analysis of four peroxiredoxin genes from Tamarix hispida in response to different abiotic stresses and Exogenous Abscisic Acid (ABA). Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3751-3764. [PMID: 22489180 PMCID: PMC3317740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a recently discovered family of antioxidant enzymes that catalyze the reduction of peroxides and alkyl peroxides. In this study, four Prx genes (named as ThPrxII, ThPrxIIE, ThPrxIIF, and Th2CysPrx) were cloned from Tamarix hispida. Their expression profiles in response to stimulus of NaCl, NaHCO(3), PEG, CdCl(2) and abscisic acid (ABA) in roots, stems and leaves of T. hispida were investigated using real-time RT-PCR. The results showed that the four ThPrxs were all expressed in roots, stems and leaves. Furthermore, the transcript levels of ThPrxIIE and ThPrxII were the lowest and the highest, respectively, in all tissue types. All the ThPrx genes were induced by both NaCl and NaHCO(3) and reached their highest expression levels at the onset of stress in roots. Under PEG and CdCl(2) stress, the expression patterns of these ThPrxs showed temporal and spatial specificity. The expressions of the ThPrxs were all differentially regulated by ABA, indicating that they are all involved in the ABA signaling pathway. These findings reveal a complex regulation of Prxs that is dependent on the type of Prx, tissue, and the signaling molecule. The divergence of the stress-dependent transcriptional regulation of the ThPrx gene family in T. hispida may provide an essential basis for the elucidation of Prx function in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yucheng Wang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-451-82190607-12; Fax: +86-451-82190607-11
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Ayarpadikannan S, Chung E, Cho CW, So HA, Kim SO, Jeon JM, Kwak MH, Lee SW, Lee JH. Exploration for the salt stress tolerance genes from a salt-treated halophyte, Suaeda asparagoides. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:35-48. [PMID: 21874516 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress severely affects plant growth and development causing crop loss worldwide. Suaeda asparagoides is a salt-marsh euhalophyte widely distributed in southwestern foreshore of Korea. To isolate salt tolerance genes from S. asparagoides, we constructed a cDNA library from leaf tissues of S. asparagoides that was treated with 200 mM NaCl. A total of 1,056 clones were randomly selected for EST sequencing, and 932 of them produced readable sequence. By sequence analysis, we identified 538 unigenes and registered each in National Center for Biotechnology Information. The 80 salt stress related genes were selected to study their differential expression. Reverse transcription-PCR and Northern blot analysis revealed that 23 genes were differentially expressed under the high salinity stress conditions in S. asparagoides. They are functionally diverse including transport, signal transduction, transcription factor, metabolism and stress associated protein, and unknown function. Among them dehydrin (SaDhn) and RNA binding protein (SaRBP1) were examined for their abiotic stress tolerance in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Yeast overexpressing SaDhn and SaRBP1 showed enhanced tolerance to osmotic, freezing and heat shock stresses. This study provides the evidence that SaRBP1 and SaDhn from S. asparagoides exert abiotic stress tolerance in yeast. Information of salt stress related genes from S. asparagoides would contribute for the accumulating genetic resources to improve osmotic tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvam Ayarpadikannan
- BK21 Center for Silver-Bio Industrialization, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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An Y, Wang Y, Lou L, Zheng T, Qu GZ. A novel zinc-finger-like gene from Tamarix hispida is involved in salt and osmotic tolerance. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2011; 124:689-97. [PMID: 21327695 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-011-0403-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a zinc-finger-like cDNA (ThZFL) was cloned from the Tamarix hispida. Northern blot analysis showed that the expression of ThZFL can be induced by salt, osmotic stress and ABA treatment. Overexpression of the ThZFL confers salt and osmotic stress tolerance in both yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and tobacco. Furthermore, MDA levels in ThZFL transformed tobacco were significantly decreased compared with control plants under salt and osmotic stress, suggesting ThZFL may confer stress tolerance by decreasing membrane lipid peroxidation. Subcellular localization analysis showed the ThZFL protein is localized in the cell wall. Our results indicated the ThZFL gene is an excellent candidate for genetic engineering to improve salt and osmotic tolerance in agricultural plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan An
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
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Yadav NS, Rashmi D, Singh D, Agarwal PK, Jha B. A novel salt-inducible gene SbSI-1 from Salicornia brachiata confers salt and desiccation tolerance in E. coli. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1943-8. [PMID: 21655957 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0941-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Salicornia brachiata is one of the extreme salt tolerant plants and grows luxuriantly in coastal areas. Previously we have reported isolation and characterization of ESTs from S. brachiata with large number of unknown gene sequences. Reverse Northern analysis showed upregulation and downregulation of few unknown genes in response to salinity. Some of these unknown genes were made full length and their functional analysis is being tested. In this study, we have selected a novel unknown salt inducible gene SbSI-1 (Salicornia brachiata salt inducible-1) for the functional validation. The SbSI-1 (Gen-Bank accession number JF 965339) was made full length and characterized in detail for its functional validation under desiccation and salinity. The SbSI-1 gene is 917 bp long, and contained 437 bp 3' UTR, and 480 bp ORF region encoding 159 amino acids protein with estimated molecular mass of 18.39 kDa and pI 8.58. The real time PCR analysis revealed high transcript expression in salt, desiccation, cold and heat stresses. However, the maximum expression was obtained by desiccation. The ORF region of SbSI-1 was cloned in pET28a vector and transformed in BL21 (DE3) E. coli cells. The SbSI-1 recombinant E. coli cells showed tolerance to desiccation and salinity stress compared to only vector in the presence of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Singh Yadav
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364 021, Gujarat, India
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Ge Y, Li Y, Zhu YM, Bai X, Lv DK, Guo D, Ji W, Cai H. Global transcriptome profiling of wild soybean (Glycine soja) roots under NaHCO3 treatment. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:153. [PMID: 20653984 PMCID: PMC3017823 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant roots are the primary site of perception and injury for saline-alkaline stress. The current knowledge of saline-alkaline stress transcriptome is mostly focused on saline (NaCl) stress and only limited information on alkaline (NaHCO3) stress is available. RESULTS Using Affymetrix Soybean GeneChip, we conducted transcriptional profiling on Glycine soja roots subjected to 50 mmol/L NaHCO3 treatment. In a total of 7088 probe sets, 3307 were up-regulated and 5720 were down-regulated at various time points. The number of significantly stress regulated genes increased dramatically after 3 h stress treatment and peaked at 6 h. GO enrichment test revealed that most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in signal transduction, energy, transcription, secondary metabolism, transporter, disease and defence response. We also detected 11 microRNAs regulated by NaHCO3 stress. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive wild soybean root transcriptome analysis under alkaline stress. These analyses have identified an inventory of genes with altered expression regulated by alkaline stress. The data extend the current understanding of wild soybean alkali stress response by providing a set of robustly selected, differentially expressed genes for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ge
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, The College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yong Li
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, The College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Ming Zhu
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, The College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xi Bai
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, The College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - De-Kang Lv
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, The College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dianjing Guo
- State Key Lab for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Wei Ji
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, The College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Cai
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, The College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Wang C, Yang C, Gao C, Wang Y. Cloning and expression analysis of 14 lipid transfer protein genes from Tamarix hispida responding to different abiotic stresses. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 29:1607-1619. [PMID: 19808707 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpp082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are ubiquitous lipid-binding proteins that are involved in various stress responses. In this study, we cloned 14 unique LTP genes (ThLTP 1-14) from Tamarix hispida Willd. (Tamaricaceae) to investigate their roles under various abiotic stress conditions. The expression profiles of the 14 ThLTPs in response to NaCl, polyethylene glycol (PEG), NaHCO(3), CdCl(2) and abscisic acid (ABA) exposure in root, stem and leaf tissues were investigated using real-time RT-PCR. The results showed that all 14 ThLTPs were expressed in root, stem and leaf tissues under normal growth conditions. However, under normal growth conditions, ThLTP abundance varied in each organ, with expression differences of 9000-fold in leaves, 540-fold in stems and 3700-fold in roots. These results indicated that activity and/or physiological importance of these ThLTPs are quite different. Differential expression of the 14 ThLTPs was observed (> 2-fold) for NaCl, PEG, NaHCO(3) and CdCl(2) in at least one tissue indicating that they were all involved in abiotic stress responses. All ThLTP genes were highly induced (> 2-fold) under ABA treatment in roots, stems and/or leaves, and particularly in roots, suggesting that ABA-dependent signaling pathways regulated ThLTPs. We hypothesize that ThLTP expression constitutes an adaptive response to abiotic stresses in T. hispida and plays an important role in abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics Breeding and Biotechnology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Guo XH, Jiang J, Lin SJ, Wang BC, Wang YC, Liu GF, Yang CP. A ThCAP gene from Tamarix hispida confers cold tolerance in transgenic Populus (P. davidiana × P. bolleana). Biotechnol Lett 2009; 31:1079-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-9959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Guo XH, Jiang J, Wang BC, Li HY, Wang YC, Yang CP, Liu GF. ThPOD3, a truncated polypeptide from Tamarix hispida, conferred drought tolerance in Escherichia coli. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:1183-90. [PMID: 19253028 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The ThPOD1 gene encodes a peroxidase and was isolated from a Tamarix hispida NaCl-stress root cDNA library. We found that ThPOD1 expression could be induced by abiotic stresses such as cold, salt, drought and exogenous abscisic acid. These findings suggested that ThPOD1 might be involved in the plant response to environmental stresses and ABA treatment. To elucidate the function of this gene, recombinant plasmids expressing full-length ThPOD1 as well as ThPOD2 (aa 41-337), and ThPOD3 (aa 73-337) truncated polypeptides were constructed. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analyses of the fusion proteins revealed that the molecular weights of ThPOD1, ThPOD2 and ThPOD3 were approximately 57, approximately 50 and approximately 47 kDa, respectively. Stress assays of E. coli treated with the recombinant plasmids indicated that ThPOD3 could improve resistance to drought stress. This finding could potentially be used to improve plant tolerance to drought stress via gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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