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Abstract
AIMS We aimed to develop a gene signature that predicts the occurrence of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) by studying its genetic mechanism. METHODS Five datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Unsupervised consensus cluster analysis was used to determine new PMOP subtypes. To determine the central genes and the core modules related to PMOP, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WCGNA) was applied. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis was used to explore the biological processes underlying key genes. Logistic regression univariate analysis was used to screen for statistically significant variables. Two algorithms were used to select important PMOP-related genes. A logistic regression model was used to construct the PMOP-related gene profile. The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve, Harrell's concordance index, a calibration chart, and decision curve analysis were used to characterize PMOP-related genes. Then, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the expression of the PMOP-related genes in the gene signature. RESULTS We identified three PMOP-related subtypes and four core modules. The muscle system process, muscle contraction, and actin filament-based movement were more active in the hub genes. We obtained five feature genes related to PMOP. Our analysis verified that the gene signature had good predictive power and applicability. The outcomes of the GSE56815 cohort were found to be consistent with the results of the earlier studies. qRT-PCR results showed that RAB2A and FYCO1 were amplified in clinical samples. CONCLUSION The PMOP-related gene signature we developed and verified can accurately predict the risk of PMOP in patients. These results can elucidate the molecular mechanism of RAB2A and FYCO1 underlying PMOP, and yield new and improved treatment strategies, ultimately helping PMOP monitoring.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(8):548-560.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Maowei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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2
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Zhang P, Liu L, Zhang L, He X, Xu X, Lu Y, Li F. Runx2 is required for activity of CD44 +/CD24 -/low breast cancer stem cell in breast cancer development. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:2305-2318. [PMID: 32509221 PMCID: PMC7270029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Runx2, a master regulator of osteogenesis, is abnormally expressed in advanced breast cancer. Here we addressed Runx2 contribution to breast cancer cell growth and metastasis. We found that CD44 and Runx2 were both elevated in breast cancer tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues in breast cancer patients. Runx2 expression was significantly correlated with tumor TNM stage, metastasis and poor prognosis. We then screened several breast cancer cell lines and found that Runx2 expression level was positively related to the malignant level of the cells screened. Knockdown of Runx2 in high metastatic cell line MDA-MB-231 could inhibit breast cancer cell vitality, invasion and clone formation capacity, while overexpression of Runx2 in low metastatic cell line MCF-7 could increase those malignant behaviors. The mechanism might be due to Runx2 positively regulating cancer stem cell properties, as CD44 expression level and CD44+/CD24-/low breast cancer stem cell population were both significantly decreased in Runx2 knockdown cells. Cancer stem cell renewal ability such as soft agar clone formation, mammospheres formation and tumor formation ability in null mice were all decreased after knockdown of Runx2. On the contrary, overexpression of Runx2 could enhance all above stem cell renewal ability. Lastly, we explored how Runx2 changes cancer stem cell population. We found it could affect epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Runx2 could regulate mesenchymal marker and epithelial marker expression and affect activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These results together strongly suggest that Runx2 can promote CD44+/CD24-/low breast cancer stem cell properties and breast cancer tumorigenesis through EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical School, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityFuyang 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical School, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaogan He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical School, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yaojuan Lu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical School, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
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Wang Q, Li N, Chen F, Hei R, Gu J, Lu Y, Sun L, Zheng Q. TAp63γ influences mouse cartilage development. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8669-8679. [PMID: 32392534 PMCID: PMC7244026 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Depletion of tumor protein p63 results in severe epithelial as well as limb defects in mice, suggesting that p63 is also required for endochondral ossification during long bone development. A key stage in endochondral ossification is chondrocyte hypertrophy, which has been associated with elevated levels of the p63 variant TAp63γ. To investigate the role of TAp63γ in chondrocyte differentiation and maturation, we developed stable TAp63γ expressing ATDC5 cells. Compared to control cells, TAp63γ cells showed significant upregulation of Col10a1 after 4 and 7 days in culture. Moreover, alkaline phosphatase, Alizarin red, and Alcian blue staining were stronger in TAp63γ cells, suggesting that TAp63γ promotes chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophic differentiation, and possibly matrix mineralization. To investigate the in vivo function of TAp63γ during endochondral bone formation, we established transgenic mice that express flag-tagged TAp63γ driven by Col10a1 regulatory elements. Skeletal staining of transgenic mice at postnatal day 1 showed accelerated ossification in long bone, tail, and digit bones compared to wild-type littermates. Furthermore, Sox9 expression was reduced and Runx2 expression was increased in the proliferative and/or hypertrophic zones of these mice. Altogether, these results suggest that TAp63γ promotes endochondral ossification and skeletal development, at least partially via controlling chondrocyte differentiation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Fangzhou Chen
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ruoxuan Hei
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Junxia Gu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yaojuan Lu
- Shenzhen Academy of Peptide Targeting Technology at Pingshan, and Shenzhen Tyercan Bio-pharm Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Lichun Sun
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Qiping Zheng
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Shenzhen Academy of Peptide Targeting Technology at Pingshan, and Shenzhen Tyercan Bio-pharm Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China
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Li X, Hu H, Li R, Wang Z, Qi J, Wang Z. The role of miR-92 in regulating early development and metamorphosis of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Genes Genet Syst 2019; 95:1-10. [PMID: 31839648 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.18-00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of short non-coding RNAs that contain approximately 22 nucleotides and play a regulatory role in RNA silencing and translational repression. miR-92 belongs to the miR-17-92 family and has a regulatory effect on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. However, its function in flatfish is unclear. In this study, we used farmed Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, and showed that gata5 is a target gene of miR-92. Experiments on miR-92 overexpression indicated that gata5 and sox17 were downregulated, while the transcription level of ntl increased. By contrast, depletion of miR-92 resulted in increased gata5 and sox17 levels and reduced ntl level. Moreover, thiourea treatment indicated that miR-92 may inhibit the metamorphic development of Japanese flounder. Our study suggests that miR-92 regulates the fate of endoderm and mesoderm by controlling gata5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China
| | - Hongshuang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China
| | - Zhenwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China
| | - Jie Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China
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Su H, Tang X, Zhang X, Liu L, Jing L, Pan D, Sun W, He H, Yang C, Zhao D, Zhang H, Qi B. Comparative proteomics analysis reveals the difference during antler regeneration stage between red deer and sika deer. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7299. [PMID: 31346498 PMCID: PMC6642628 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deer antler, as the only mammalian regenerative appendage, provides an optimal model to study regenerative medicine. Antler harvested from red deer or sika deer were mainly study objects used to disclose the mechanism underlying antler regeneration over past decades. A previous study used proteomic technology to reveal the signaling pathways of antler stem cell derived from red deer. Moreover, transcriptome of antler tip from sika deer provide us with the essential genes, which regulated antler development and regeneration. However, antler comparison between red deer and sika deer has not been well studied. In our current study, proteomics were employed to analyze the biological difference of antler regeneration between sika deer and red deer. The proteomics profile was completed by searching the UniProt database, and differentially expressed proteins were identified by bioinformatic software. Thirty-six proteins were highly expressed in red deer antler, while 144 proteins were abundant in sika deer. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that differentially expressed proteins participated in the regulation of several pathways including oxidative phosphorylation, ribosome, extracellular matrix interaction, and PI3K-Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Practice Innovations Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaocui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Li Jing
- Practice Innovations Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daian Pan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Weijie Sun
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Huinan He
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chonghui Yang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Taniguchi Y, Kawata M, Ho Chang S, Mori D, Okada K, Kobayashi H, Sugita S, Hosaka Y, Inui H, Taketomi S, Yano F, Ikeda T, Akiyama H, Mills AA, Chung UI, Tanaka S, Kawaguchi H, Saito T. Regulation of Chondrocyte Survival in Mouse Articular Cartilage by p63. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:598-609. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alea A. Mills
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor; New York
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TAp63γ and ΔNp63β promote osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells: regulation by vitamin D3 Metabolites. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123642. [PMID: 25849854 PMCID: PMC4388628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p63 is required for skeletal formation, and is important for the regulation of 1α,25(OH)2D3 receptor (VDR) in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Herein we report that TAp63γ and ΔNp63β appear to be an integral part of the osteoblastic differentiation of hMSC and are differentially regulated by the vitamin D3 metabolites 1α,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3. We compared the endogenous expression of p63 isoforms (TA- and ΔNp63) and splice variants (p63α, -β, -γ), in naive hMSC and during osteoblastic differentiation of hMSC. TAp63α and -β were the predominant p63 variants in naive, proliferating hMSC. In contrast, under osteoblastic differentiation conditions, expression of p63 changed from the TAp63α and -β to the TAp63γ and ΔNp63β variants. Transient overexpression of the p63 variants demonstrated that TAp63β, ΔNp63β, and ΔNp63γ increased alkaline phosphatase activity and ΔNp63α and -γ increased the expression of mRNA for osteocalcin and osterix. Our results support the hypothesis that TAp63α and -β promote a naive state in hMSC. Moreover, TAp63γ is increased during and promotes early osteoblastic differentiation through the expression of pro-osteogenic genes; VDR, Osterix, Runx2 and Osteopontin. ΔNp63β also appears to support osteogenic maturation through increased alkaline phosphatase activity. Treatment with 1α,25(OH)2D3 increased the expression of mRNA for ΔNp63, while addition of 24R,25(OH)2D3 increased the expression of TA- and ΔNp63γ variants. These novel findings demonstrate for the first time that p63 variants are differentially expressed in naive hMSC (TAp63α,β), are important during the osteoblastic differentiation of hMSC (TAp63γ and ΔNp63β), and are differentially regulated by the vitamin D3 metabolites, 1α,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3. The molecular nuances and mechanisms of osteoblastic differentiation presented here will hopefully improve our understanding of bone development, complications in bone repair (mal- and non-union fractures), osteoporosis and possibly lead to new modalities of treatment.
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8
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Wang YG, Xie P, Wang YG, Li XD, Zhang TG, Liu ZY, Hong Q, Du SX. All-trans-retinoid acid (ATRA) suppresses chondrogenesis of rat primary hind limb bud mesenchymal cells by downregulating p63 and cartilage-specific molecules. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:460-8. [PMID: 25136779 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
P63 null mice have no or truncated limbs and mutations in human p63 cause several skeletal syndromes that also show limb and digit abnormalities, suggesting its essential role in bone development. In the current study, we investigated the effect of ATRA on chondrogenesis using mesenchymal cells from rat hind limb bud and further examined the mRNA and protein expression of Sox9 and Col2a1 and p63 in rat hind limb bud cells. Limb buds were isolated from embryos from euthanized female rats. Growth of hind limb bud mesenchymal cells was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assays. Formation of cartilage nodules was examined by Alcian blue-nuclear fast red staining. The expression of Sox9, Col2al and p63 was determined by Real-time RT-PCR and immunoblotting assays, respectively. Our MTT assays revealed that ATRA at 1 and 10μM significantly suppressed the growth of mesenchymal cells from rat hind limb bud at 24 and 48h (P<0.01 vs. controls). Alcian blue staining further showed that ATRA caused a significant dose-dependent reduction in the area of cartilage nodules (P<0.05 in all vs. controls). At 1μM ATRA, the area of cartilage nodules from hind limb bud cells was reduced to 0.05±0.03mm from 0.15±0.01mm in controls. Real-time RT-PCR assays further indicated that 1 and 10μM ATRA markedly reduced the mRNA expression of Sox9, Col2al and p63 in hind limb bud cells (P<0.05 in all vs. controls). In addition, ATRA time-dependently inhibits the mRNA expression of p63, Sox9 and Col2al. Western blotting assays additionally showed that ATRA dose-dependently reduced the expression of Sox9, Col2al and p63 (P<0.05 in all vs. controls). Together, our results suggest that ATRA suppresses chondrogenesis by modulating the expression of Sox9, Col2al and p63 in primary hind limb bud mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Guo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Yun-Gong Wang
- Wang Chuanshan College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xue-Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Tao-Gen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Zhao-Yong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Shi-Xin Du
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
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Phenotypic characterization of miR-92a-/- mice reveals an important function of miR-92a in skeletal development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101153. [PMID: 24979655 PMCID: PMC4076267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) emerged as key regulators of gene expression. Germline hemizygous deletion of the gene that encodes the miR-17∼92 miRNA cluster was associated with microcephaly, short stature and digital abnormalities in humans. Mice deficient for the miR-17∼92 cluster phenocopy several features such as growth and skeletal development defects and exhibit impaired B cell development. However, the individual contribution of miR-17∼92 cluster members to this phenotype is unknown. Here we show that germline deletion of miR-92a in mice is not affecting heart development and does not reduce circulating or bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells, but induces skeletal defects. MiR-92a−/− mice are born at a reduced Mendelian ratio, but surviving mice are viable and fertile. However, body weight of miR-92a−/− mice was reduced during embryonic and postnatal development and adulthood. A significantly reduced body and skull length was observed in miR-92a−/− mice compared to wild type littermates. µCT analysis revealed that the length of the 5th mesophalanx to 5th metacarpal bone of the forelimbs was significantly reduced, but bones of the hindlimbs were not altered. Bone density was not affected. These findings demonstrate that deletion of miR-92a is sufficient to induce a developmental skeletal defect.
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Gu J, Lu Y, Qiao L, Ran D, Li N, Cao H, Gao Y, Zheng Q. Mouse p63 variants and chondrogenesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2013; 6:2872-2879. [PMID: 24294373 PMCID: PMC3843267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As a critical member of the p53 family of transcription factors, p63 has been implicated a role in development than in tumor formation, because p63 is seldom mutated in human cancers, while p63 null mice exhibit severe developmental abnormalities without increasing cancer susceptibility. Notably, besides the major epithelial and cardiac defect, p63 deficient mice show severe limb and craniofacial abnormalities. In addition, humans with p63 mutations also show severe limb and digit defects, suggesting a putative role of p63 in skeletal development. There are eight p63 variants which encode for the TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms by alternative promoters. How these isoforms function during skeletal development is currently largely unknown. Our recent transgenic studies suggest a role of TAP63α, but not ΔNP63α, during embryonic long bone development. However, the moderate skeletal phenotypes in the TAP63α transgenic mice suggest requirement of additional p63 isoform(s) for the limb defects in p63 null mice. Here, we report analysis of mouse p63 variants in MCT and ATDC5 cells, two cell models undergo hypertrophic differentiation and mimic the process of endochondral bone formation upon growth arrest or induction. We detected increased level of p63 variants in hypertrophic MCT cells by regular RT-PCR analysis. Further analysis by qRT-PCR, we detected significantly upregulated level of γ variant (p<0.05), but not α or β variant (p>0.05), in hypertrophic MCT cells than in proliferative MCT cells. Moreover, we detected upregulated TAP63γ in ATDC5 cells undergoing hypertrophic differentiation. Our results suggest that TAp63γ plays a positive role during endochondral bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Gu
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yaojuan Lu
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical CenterChicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Longwei Qiao
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Deyuan Ran
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qiping Zheng
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical CenterChicago, IL 60612, USA
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Lu Y, Abbassi S, Li F, Ding M, Wu G, Gu J, Zheng Q. Distinct function of P63 isoforms during embryonic skeletal development. Gene 2013; 519:251-9. [PMID: 23481305 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
P63 belongs to the P53 family of transcription factors. There are multiple P63 isoforms that play important functions both in cancer and development. The obvious limb defect in p63 null mice and in human skeletal syndromes with P63 mutations suggest its essential role in long bone development. However, how the different P63 isoforms function during long bone development is largely unknown. We have previously shown that TAP63α, the longest P63 isoform, plays a positive role in embryonic skeletal development, since targeting TAP63α expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes accelerates endochondral ossification at both E17.5 and P1 stages. Here, we report transgenic studies of ΔNP63α, another P63 isoform which lacks the N-terminal transactivation domain compared to TAP63α, using the same hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific Col10a1 control element. No skeletal abnormalities were detected in these Col10a1-ΔNP63α transgenic mice at both E17.5 and P1 stages, suggesting less importance of ΔNP63α during late embryonic skeletal development. To further investigate the function of P63 isoforms during early skeletal development, we have generated ΔNP63α and TAP63α transgenic mice using a chondrocyte-specific Col2a1 control element. Surprisingly, while no skeletal defect was shown in the Col2a1-ΔNP63α transgenic mice, reduced ossification was observed in the digit and tail bones of Col2a1-TAP63α transgenic mice at both E17.5 and P1 stages compared to their wild-type littermates. Expression profiling and immunohistochemical analysis detected upregulated expression of Sox9, a major negative regulator of endochondral ossification, in Col2a1-TAP63α transgenic mice. Taken together, our results suggest a distinct function of P63 isoforms, herein, ΔNP63α and TAP63α, during endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojuan Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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