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Zhang N, Meng X, Jiang H, Ge H, Qian K, Zheng Y, Park Y, Wang J. Restoration of energy homeostasis under oxidative stress: Duo synergistic AMPK pathways regulating arginine kinases. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010843. [PMID: 37535699 PMCID: PMC10427004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid depletion of cellular ATP can occur by oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Maintaining energy homeostasis requires the key molecular components AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and arginine kinase (AK), an invertebrate orthologue of the mammalian creatine kinase (CK). Here, we deciphered two independent and synergistic pathways of AMPK acting on AK by using the beetle Tribolium castaneum as a model system. First, AMPK acts on transcriptional factor forkhead box O (FOXO) leading to phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the FOXO. The phospho-FOXO directly promotes the expression of AK upon oxidative stress. Concomitantly, AMPK directly phosphorylates the AK to switch the direction of enzymatic catalysis for rapid production of ATP from the phosphoarginine-arginine pool. Further in vitro assays revealed that Sf9 cells expressing phospho-deficient AK mutants displayed the lower ATP/ADP ratio and cell viability under paraquat-induced oxidative stress conditions when compared with Sf9 cells expressing wild-type AKs. Additionally, the AMPK-FOXO-CK pathway is also involved in the restoration of ATP homeostasis under oxidative stress in mammalian HEK293 cells. Overall, we provide evidence that two distinct AMPK-AK pathways, transcriptional and post-translational regulations, are coherent responders to acute oxidative stresses and distinguished from classical AMPK-mediated long-term metabolic adaptations to energy challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huichen Ge
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yoonseong Park
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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The characterization of novel monomeric creatine kinases in the early branching Alveolata species, Perkinsus marinus: Implications for phosphagen kinase evolution. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 262:110758. [PMID: 35598705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The genome of the unicellular molluscan parasite Perkinsus marinus contains at least five genes coding for putative creatine kinases (CK), a phosphoryl transfer enzyme which plays a key role in cellular energy transactions. Expression and kinetic analyses of three of the P. marinus CKs revealed them to be true CKs with catalytic properties in the range of typical metazoan CKs. A sequence comparison of the P. marinus CKs with a range of CK dimers and other dimeric phosphoryl transfer enzymes in this family (phosphagen kinases) showed that the P. marinus CKs lacked some of the critical residues involved in dimer stabilization, a trait all previously characterized CKs share. Size exclusion chromatography of all three expressed P. marinus CK constructs indicated they are monomeric, consistent with the observed lack of some critical dimer stabilizing residues. Phylogenetic analyses of the P. marinus CKs and putative dinoflagellate CKs with a broad range of monomeric and dimeric phosphagen kinases revealed that the Perkinsus CKs form a distinct, well-supported clade with dinoflagellate CKs which also lack the dimer stabilizing residues. Analysis of the genomic data for P. marinus showed the presence of putative genes for the two enzymes associated with creatine biosynthesis. CK in higher organisms plays a critical role in energy buffering in cell types displaying high and variable rates of ATP turnover. The presence of multiple CKs and the creatine biosynthetic pathway in P. marinus indicates that this unicellular parasite has the full complement of molecular machinery for CK-mediated energy buffering.
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Yano D, Suzuki T. Phosphagen kinases from five groups of eukaryotic protists (Choanomonada, Alveolate, Stramenopiles, Haptophyta, and Cryptophyta): Diverse enzyme activities and phylogenetic relationship with metazoan enzymes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 257:110663. [PMID: 34364990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among 28 groups of eukaryotes, apart from Metazoa, phosphagen kinase (PKs) is distributed in only a few protist groups, including the Choanomonada with the closest affinity to metazoans. To clarify the origin of metazoan PKs, we performed a database search and focused on 11 sequences of PK homologs from five groups of protists: the Choanomonada, Alveolata, Haptophyta, Stramenopiles, and Cryptophyta. The recombinant enzymes were prepared to determine their substrate specificity. Emiliania (Haptophyta), Anophryoides, Pseudocohnilembus, Vitrella and Chromera (Alveolata), and Monosiga (Choanomonada) all contained a gene for arginine kinase (AK). In contrast, Aphanomyces, Albugo and Ectocarpus (Stramenopiles), and Guillardia (Cryptophyta) possessed a gene for taurocyamine kinase (TK). The Guillardia TK enzyme exhibited rather strong substrate inhibition toward taurocyamine, which was analyzed using the most likely kinetic model. This was the first report of substrate inhibition in a TK. Together with the research results from other groups, the AK, TK, or creatine kinase (CK) activities have been observed sporadically in at least six groups of protists. However, it is not clear the three enzyme activities were emerged early in the evolution and divergence of protist groups, or some of enzyme activities were introduced to the protists by horizontal gene transfer. In addition, we found that seven protist enzymes examined in this study possess a myristoylation signaling sequence at the N-terminus. The amino-acid sequence around the guanidine-specificity region and the key residue at 89th position of the protist AK and CK were homologous to those of the metazoan enzymes, but those for protist TKs were different indicating that the latter evolved independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Yano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
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Yano D, Uda K, Nara M, Suzuki T. Diversity of phosphagen kinases in annelids: The first sequence report for a putative opheline kinase. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 257:110662. [PMID: 34371154 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Opheline kinase (OK) is one of the phosphagen kinases (PKs) restricted to annelids, but the amino acid sequence has not been determined yet. The OK enzyme was isolated in 1966 from the polychaete Ophelia neglecta (Opheliidae) and shown to have somewhat broader activities for the various substrates opheline, lombricine and taurocyamine. To determine the OK sequence, we analyzed the RNA sequencing data for Ophelina sp. and Thoracophelia sp., belonging to Opheliidae. Four PK sequences, namely, taurocyamine kinase (TK), creatine kinase (CK), mitochondrial CK (MiCK) and putative OK, were identified in both species, and the recombinant Ophelina enzymes were expressed in E. coli and purified. Since the substrate opheline was not commercially available, we used the partial activity toward taurocyamine to infer the enzyme specificity. The putative Ophelina OK showed lower activity to taurocyamine with a Vmax/Km nearly identical to a previously published value for an OK from a related species Ophelia neglecta. Under the same conditions, the true Ophelina TK showed much higher activity. Thus, the putative Ophelina enzyme was determined to be OK. The amino acid sequence alignment indicated that Ophelina and Thoracophelia OKs have five amino acid deletions in the GS region, like those of LKs and AKs, and the guanidino substrate specific residue was Lys, the same as LKs. In the phylogenetic tree constructed from annelid PK amino acid sequences, the OK sequences formed a distinct cluster, and it was placed near the TK and lombricine kinase (LK) clusters. This is the first report of the amino acid sequence for the OK enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Yano
- Laboratories of Comparative Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Kouji Uda
- Laboratories of Comparative Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nara
- Paleontology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Suzuki
- Laboratories of Comparative Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
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Bonilla DA, Kreider RB, Stout JR, Forero DA, Kerksick CM, Roberts MD, Rawson ES. Metabolic Basis of Creatine in Health and Disease: A Bioinformatics-Assisted Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041238. [PMID: 33918657 PMCID: PMC8070484 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Creatine (Cr) is a ubiquitous molecule that is synthesized mainly in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. Most of the Cr pool is found in tissues with high-energy demands. Cr enters target cells through a specific symporter called Na+/Cl−-dependent Cr transporter (CRT). Once within cells, creatine kinase (CK) catalyzes the reversible transphosphorylation reaction between [Mg2+:ATP4−]2− and Cr to produce phosphocreatine (PCr) and [Mg2+:ADP3−]−. We aimed to perform a comprehensive and bioinformatics-assisted review of the most recent research findings regarding Cr metabolism. Specifically, several public databases, repositories, and bioinformatics tools were utilized for this endeavor. Topics of biological complexity ranging from structural biology to cellular dynamics were addressed herein. In this sense, we sought to address certain pre-specified questions including: (i) What happens when creatine is transported into cells? (ii) How is the CK/PCr system involved in cellular bioenergetics? (iii) How is the CK/PCr system compartmentalized throughout the cell? (iv) What is the role of creatine amongst different tissues? and (v) What is the basis of creatine transport? Under the cellular allostasis paradigm, the CK/PCr system is physiologically essential for life (cell survival, growth, proliferation, differentiation, and migration/motility) by providing an evolutionary advantage for rapid, local, and temporal support of energy- and mechanical-dependent processes. Thus, we suggest the CK/PCr system acts as a dynamic biosensor based on chemo-mechanical energy transduction, which might explain why dysregulation in Cr metabolism contributes to a wide range of diseases besides the mitigating effect that Cr supplementation may have in some of these disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society–DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110861, Colombia
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-320-335-2050
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Diego A. Forero
- Professional Program in Sport Training, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia;
| | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, Saint Charles, MO 63301, USA;
| | - Michael D. Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
- Edward via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Eric S. Rawson
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Science, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055, USA;
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Zhang N, Jiang H, Meng X, Qian K, Liu Y, Song Q, Stanley D, Wu J, Park Y, Wang J. Broad-complex transcription factor mediates opposing hormonal regulation of two phylogenetically distant arginine kinase genes in Tribolium castaneum. Commun Biol 2020; 3:631. [PMID: 33127981 PMCID: PMC7603314 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoarginine-arginine kinase shuttle system plays a critical role in maintaining insect cellular energy homeostasis. Insect molting and metamorphosis are coordinated by fluctuations of the ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone. However, the hormonal regulation of insect arginine kinases remain largely elusive. In this report, we comparatively characterized two arginine kinase genes, TcAK1 and TcAK2, in Tribolium castaneum. Functional analysis using RNAi showed that TcAK1 and TcAK2 play similar roles in adult fertility and stress response. TcAK1 was detected in cytoplasm including mitochondria, whereas TcAK2 was detected in cytoplasm excluding mitochondria. Interestingly, TcAK1 expression was negatively regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone and positively by juvenile hormone, whereas TcAK2 was regulated by the opposite pattern. RNAi, dual-luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assay further revealed that the opposite hormonal regulation of TcAK1 and TcAK2 was mediated by transcription factor Broad-Complex. Finally, relatively stable AK activities were observed during larval-pupal metamorphosis, which was generally consistent with the constant ATP levels. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the ATP homeostasis in insects by revealing opposite hormonal regulation of two phylogenetically distant arginine kinase genes. Zhang et al. characterize the functions of two distinct arginine kinase genes in flour beetles. Using RNA interference and electophoretic mobility shift assays, they identify Broad-Complex transcription factor as the mediator of opposing hormonal regulation in these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - David Stanley
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, MO, 65203, USA
| | - Jincai Wu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yoonseong Park
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China.
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Petkowski JJ, Bains W, Seager S. Natural Products Containing 'Rare' Organophosphorus Functional Groups. Molecules 2019; 24:E866. [PMID: 30823503 PMCID: PMC6429109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorous-containing molecules are essential constituents of all living cells. While the phosphate functional group is very common in small molecule natural products, nucleic acids, and as chemical modification in protein and peptides, phosphorous can form P⁻N (phosphoramidate), P⁻S (phosphorothioate), and P⁻C (e.g., phosphonate and phosphinate) linkages. While rare, these moieties play critical roles in many processes and in all forms of life. In this review we thoroughly categorize P⁻N, P⁻S, and P⁻C natural organophosphorus compounds. Information on biological source, biological activity, and biosynthesis is included, if known. This review also summarizes the role of phosphorylation on unusual amino acids in proteins (N- and S-phosphorylation) and reviews the natural phosphorothioate (P⁻S) and phosphoramidate (P⁻N) modifications of DNA and nucleotides with an emphasis on their role in the metabolism of the cell. We challenge the commonly held notion that nonphosphate organophosphorus functional groups are an oddity of biochemistry, with no central role in the metabolism of the cell. We postulate that the extent of utilization of some phosphorus groups by life, especially those containing P⁻N bonds, is likely severely underestimated and has been largely overlooked, mainly due to the technological limitations in their detection and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz J Petkowski
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - William Bains
- Rufus Scientific, 37 The Moor, Melbourn, Royston, Herts SG8 6ED, UK.
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Matsuo T, Yano D, Uda K, Iwasaki N, Suzuki T. Arginine Kinases from the Precious Corals Corallium rubrum and Paracorallium japonicum: Presence of Two Distinct Arginine Kinase Gene Lineages in Cnidarians. Protein J 2017; 36:502-512. [PMID: 29022133 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-017-9745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The cDNA sequence of arginine kinase (AK) from the precious coral Corallium rubrum was assembled from transcriptome sequence data, and the deduced amino acid sequence of 364 residues was shown to conserve the structural features characteristic of AK. Based on the amino acid sequence, the DNA coding C. rubrum AK was synthesized by overlap extension PCR to prepare the recombinant enzyme. The following kinetic parameters were determined for the C. rubrum enzyme: K aArg (0.10 mM), K iaArg (0.79 mM), K aATP (0.23 mM), K iaATP (2.16 mM), and k cat (74.3 s-1). These are comparable with the kinetic parameters of other AKs. However, phylogenetic analysis suggested that the C. rubrum AK sequence has a distinct origin from that of other known cnidarian AKs with unusual two-domain structure. Using oligomers designed from the sequence of C. rubrum AK, the coding region of genomic DNA of another coral Paracorallium japonicum AK was successfully amplified. Although the nucleotide sequences differed between the two AKs at 14 positions in the coding region, all involved synonymous substitutions, giving the identical amino acid sequence. The P. japonicum AK gene contained one intron at a unique position compared with other cnidarian AK genes. Together with the observations from phylogenetic analysis, the comparison of exon/intron organization supports the idea that two distinct AK gene lineages are present in cnidarians. The difference in the nucleotide sequence between the coding regions of C. rubrum and P. japonicum AKs was 1.28%, which is twice that (0.54%) of mitochondrial DNA, is consistent with the general observation that the mitochondrial genome evolves slower than the nuclear one in cnidarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Matsuo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Daichi Yano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Kouji Uda
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Nozomu Iwasaki
- Faculty of Geo-Environment Science, Rissho University, Magechi 1700, Kumagaya, 360-0194, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan.
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Jiang S, Jia Z, Chen H, Wang L, Song L. The modulation of haemolymph arginine kinase on the extracellular ATP induced bactericidal immune responses in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:282-293. [PMID: 27033465 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Arginine kinase is an important phosphagen kinase (PK) which plays an essential role in ATP buffering systems in invertebrates. In the present study, an arginine kinase (designated CgAK) was isolated by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affinity chromatography from the haemolymph of Crassostrea gigas. CgAK could directly bind to LPS in a concentration-dependent manner with the dissociation constant (Kd) of 2.46 × 10(-6) M. The interaction with LPS significantly decreased the ATP hydrolytic activity of CgAK, which in turn lead to the accumulation of ATP in vitro. The extracellular ATP stimulation could induce Ca(2+) influx, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the release of lysosomal enzyme in the cellular immune response. In addition, ATP stimulation provoked the bactericidal activity towards Escherichia coli, and the scavenging ROS with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) abrogated the bactericidal activity, indicating that ATP stimulation could induce ROS-dependent antimicrobial activity in haemocytes. Collectively, the results demonstrated that the haemolymph CgAK could serve as an important purinergic regulator to modulate extracellular ATP, which might further have an important effect on the purinergic signaling-activated innate immune response of oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Yano D, Mimura S, Uda K, Suzuki T. Arginine kinase from Myzostoma cirriferum, a basal member of annelids. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 198:73-8. [PMID: 27095694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We assembled a phosphagen kinase gene from the Expressed Sequence Tags database of Myzostoma cirriferum, a basal member of annelids. The assembled gene sequence was synthesized using an overlap extension polymerase chain reaction method and was expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme (355 residues) exhibited monomeric behavior on a gel filtration column and showed strong activity only for l-arginine. Thus, the enzyme was identified as arginine kinase (AK). The two-substrate kinetic parameters were obtained and compared with other AKs. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences of phosphagen kinases indicated that the Myzostoma AK gene lineage differed from that of the polychaete Sabellastarte spectabilis AK, which is a dimer of creatine kinase (CK) origin. It is likely that the Myzostoma AK gene lineage was lost at an early stage of annelid evolution and that Sabellastarte AK evolved secondarily from the CK gene. This work contributes to our understanding of the evolution of phosphagen kinases of annelids with marked diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Yano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Sayo Mimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Kouji Uda
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
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Wallimann T. The extended, dynamic mitochondrial reticulum in skeletal muscle and the creatine kinase (CK)/phosphocreatine (PCr) shuttle are working hand in hand for optimal energy provision. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2015; 36:297-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Forbes SC, Bish LT, Ye F, Spinazzola J, Baligand C, Plant D, Vandenborne K, Barton ER, Sweeney HL, Walter GA. Gene transfer of arginine kinase to skeletal muscle using adeno-associated virus. Gene Ther 2014; 21:387-92. [PMID: 24572791 PMCID: PMC3975678 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we tested the feasibility of non-invasively measuring phosphoarginine (PArg) after gene delivery of arginine kinase (AK) using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) to murine hindlimbs. This was achieved by evaluating the time course, regional distribution and metabolic flux of PArg using (31)phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS). AK gene was injected into the gastrocnemius of the left hindlimb of C57Bl10 mice (age 5 weeks, male) using self-complementary AAV, type 2/8 with desmin promoter. Non-localized (31)P-MRS data were acquired over 9 months after injection using 11.1-T and 17.6-T Bruker Avance spectrometers. In addition, (31)P two-dimensional chemical shift imaging and saturation transfer experiments were performed to examine the spatial distribution and metabolic flux of PArg, respectively. PArg was evident in each injected mouse hindlimb after gene delivery, increased until 28 weeks, and remained elevated for at least 9 months (P<0.05). Furthermore, PArg was primarily localized to the injected posterior hindimb region and the metabolite was in exchange with ATP. Overall, the results show the viability of AAV gene transfer of AK gene to skeletal muscle, and provide support of PArg as a reporter that can be used to non-invasively monitor the transduction of genes for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C. Forbes
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lawrence T. Bish
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Fan Ye
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Janelle Spinazzola
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Celine Baligand
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Daniel Plant
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Facility, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Elisabeth R. Barton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - H. Lee Sweeney
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Glenn A. Walter
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Diz AP, Dudley E, Cogswell A, MacDonald BW, Kenchington ELR, Zouros E, Skibinski DOF. Proteomic analysis of eggs from Mytilus edulis females differing in mitochondrial DNA transmission mode. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3068-80. [PMID: 23869045 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.031401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bivalves have an unusual mechanism of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inheritance called doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) in which distinctly different genomes are inherited through the female (F genome) and male (M genome) lineages. In fertilized eggs that will develop into male embryos, the sperm mitochondria remain in an aggregation, which is believed to be delivered to the primordial germ cells and passed to the next generation through the sperm. In fertilized eggs that will develop into female embryos, the sperm mitochondria are dispersed throughout the developing embryo and make little if any contribution to the next generation. The frequency of embryos with the aggregated or dispersed mitochondrial type varies among females. Previous models of DUI have predicted that maternal nuclear factors cause molecular differences among unfertilized eggs from females producing embryos with predominantly dispersed or aggregated mitochondria. We test this hypothesis using females of each of the two types from a natural population. We have found small, yet detectable, differences of the predicted type at the proteome level. We also provide evidence that eggs of females giving the dispersed pattern have consistently lower expression for different proteasome subunits than eggs of females giving the aggregated pattern. These results, combined with those of an earlier study in which we used hatchery lines of Mytilus, and with a transcriptomic study in a clam that has the DUI system of mtDNA transmission, reinforce the hypothesis that the ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a key role in the mechanism of DUI and sex determination in bivalves. We also report that eggs of females giving the dispersed pattern have higher expression for arginine kinase and enolase, enzymes involved in energy production, whereas ferritin, which is involved in iron homeostasis, has lower expression. We discuss these results in the context of genetic models for DUI and suggest experimental methods for further understanding the role of these proteins in DUI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel P Diz
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA28PP, Wales UK
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Uda K, Hoshijima M, Suzuki T. A novel taurocyamine kinase found in the protist Phytophthora infestans. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 165:42-8. [PMID: 23499944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphagen kinase (PK), which is typically in the form of creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) in vertebrates or arginine kinase (AK; EC 2.7.3.3) in invertebrates, plays a key role in ATP buffering systems of tissues and nerves that display high and variable rates of ATP turnover. The enzyme is also found with intermittent occurrence as AK in unicellular organisms, protist and bacteria species, suggesting an ancient origin of AK. Through a database search, we identified two novel PK genes, coding 40- and 80-kDa (contiguous dimer) enzymes in the protist Phytophthora infestans. Both enzymes showed strong activity for taurocyamine and, in addition, we detected taurocyamine in cell extracts of P. infestans. Thus, the enzyme was identified to be taurocyamine kinase (TK; EC 2.7.3.4). This was the first phosphagen kinase, other than AK, to be found in unicellular organisms. Their position on the phylogenetic tree indicates that P. infestans TKs evolved uniquely at an early stage of evolution. Occurrence of TK in protists suggests that PK enzymes show flexible substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Uda
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
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