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Kang H, Chen Y, Wang L, Gao C, Li X, Hu Y. Pathogenic recurrent copy number variants in 7,078 pregnancies via chromosomal microarray analysis. J Perinat Med 2024; 52:171-180. [PMID: 38081620 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2022-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the incidence of pathogenic recurrent CNVs in fetuses with different referral indications and review the intrauterine phenotypic features of each CNV. METHODS A total of 7,078 amniotic fluid samples were collected for chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) and cases carrying pathogenic recurrent CNVs were further studied. RESULTS The highest incidence of pathogenic recurrent CNVs was 2.25 % in fetal ultrasound anomalies (FUA) group. Moreover, regardless of other indications, pregnant women with advanced maternal age have a lower incidence compared with whom less than 35 years old (p<0.05). In total 1.17 % (83/7,078) samples carried pathogenic recurrent CNVs: 20 cases with 22q11.2 recurrent region (12 microdeletion and eight microduplication), 11 with 1q21.1 (five microdeletion and six microduplication) and 16p13.11 (four microdeletion and seven microduplication), 10 with 15q11.2 recurrent microdeletion, seven with Xp22.31 recurrent microdeletion and 16p11.2 (three microdeletion and four microduplication), four with 7q11.23 (two microdeletion and two microduplication), three with 17p11.2 (three microdeletion), 17p12 (two microdeletion and one microduplication) and 17q12 (two microdeletion and one microduplication). The rest ones were rare in this study. CONCLUSIONS Pathogenic recurrent CNVs are more likely to be identified in FUA group. Pregnant women with advanced maternal age have a lower incidence of pathogenic recurrent CNVs. The profile of pathogenic recurrent CNVs between prenatal and postnatal is different, especially in 22q11.2, 1q21.1, 15q13.3 recurrent region and 15q11.2 deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Kang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Lingxi Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Chonglan Gao
- Prenatal Diagnosis Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Prenatal Diagnosis Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yu Hu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China
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2
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Park J, Cho YG, Kim JK, Kim HH. STS and PUDP Deletion Identified by Targeted Panel Sequencing with CNV Analysis in X-Linked Ichthyosis: A Case Report and Literature Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1925. [PMID: 37895274 PMCID: PMC10606178 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked recessive ichthyosis (XLI) is clinically characterized by dark brown, widespread dryness with polygonal scales. We describe the identification of STS and PUDP deletions using targeted panel sequencing combined with copy-number variation (CNV) analysis in XLI. A 9-month-old infant was admitted for genetic counseling. Since the second day after birth, the infant's skin tended to be dry and polygonal scales had accumulated over the abdomen and upper extremities. The infant's maternal uncle and brother (who had also exhibited similar skin symptoms from birth) presented with polygonal scales on their trunks. CNV analysis revealed a hemizygous deletion spanning 719.3 Kb on chromosome Xp22 (chrX:7,108,996-7,828,312), which included a segment of the STS gene and exhibited a Z ratio of -2 in the proband. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) confirmed this interstitial Xp22.31 deletion. Our report underscores the importance of implementing CNV screening techniques, including sequencing data analysis and gene dosage assays such as MLPA, to detect substantial deletions that encompass the STS gene region of Xq22 in individuals suspected of having XLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonhong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.G.C.)
| | - Yong Gon Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.G.C.)
| | - Jin Kyu Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea;
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
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3
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Wu Y, Wu D, Lan Y, Lan S, Li D, Zheng Z, Wang H, Ma L. Case report: Sex-specific characteristics of epilepsy phenotypes associated with Xp22.31 deletion: a case report and review. Front Genet 2023; 14:1025390. [PMID: 37347056 PMCID: PMC10280017 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1025390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletion in the Xp22.31 region is increasingly suggested to be involved in the etiology of epilepsy. Little is known regarding the genomic and clinical delineations of X-linked epilepsy in the Chinese population or the sex-stratified difference in epilepsy characteristics associated with deletions in the Xp22.31 region. In this study, we reported two siblings with a 1.69 Mb maternally inherited microdeletion at Xp22.31 involving the genes VCX3A, HDHD1, STS, VCX, VCX2, and PNPLA4 presenting with easily controlled focal epilepsy and language delay with mild ichthyosis in a Chinese family with a traceable 4-generation history of skin ichthyosis. Both brain magnetic resonance imaging results were normal, while EEG revealed epileptic abnormalities. We further performed an exhaustive literature search, documenting 25 patients with epilepsy with gene defects in Xp22.31, and summarized the epilepsy heterogeneities between sexes. Males harboring the Xp22.31 deletion mainly manifested with child-onset, easily controlled focal epilepsy accompanied by X-linked ichthyosis; the deletions were mostly X-linked recessive, with copy number variants (CNVs) in the classic region of deletion (863.38 kb-2 Mb). In contrast, epilepsy in females tended to be earlier-onset, and relatively refractory, with pathogenic CNV sizes varying over a larger range (859 kb-56.36 Mb); the alterations were infrequently inherited and almost combined with additional CNVs. A candidate region encompassing STS, HDHD1, and MIR4767 was the likely pathogenic epilepsy-associated region. This study filled in the knowledge gap regarding the genomic and clinical delineations of X-linked recessive epilepsy in the Chinese population and extends the understanding of the sex-specific characteristics of Xp22.31 deletion in regard to epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Yulong Lan
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shaocong Lan
- Department of clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zexin Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lian Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform of Molecular Medicine in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Women and Children’s Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou, China
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4
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Hu H, Huang Y, Hou R, Xu H, Liu Y, Liao X, Xu J, Jiang L, Wang D. Xp22.31 copy number variations in 87 fetuses: refined genotype-phenotype correlations by prenatal and postnatal follow-up. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:69. [PMID: 37013593 PMCID: PMC10069036 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xp22.31 deletion and duplication have been described in various studies, but different laboratories interpret pathogenicity differently. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to refine the genotype-phenotype associations between Xp22.31 copy number variants in fetuses, with the aim of providing data support to genetic counseling. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism array results from 87 fetuses and their family members. Phenotypic data were obtained through follow-up visits. RESULTS The percentage of fetuses carrying the Xp22.31 deletions (9 females, 12 males) was 24.1% (n = 21), while duplications (38 females, 28 males) accounted for 75.9% (n = 66). Here, we noted that the typical region (from 6.4 to 8.1 Mb, hg19) was detected in the highest ratio, either in the fetuses with deletions (76.2%, 16 of 21) or duplications (69.7%, 46 of 66). In female deletion carriers, termination of pregnancy was chosen for two fetuses, and the remaining seven were born without distinct phenotypic abnormalities. In male deletion carriers, termination of pregnancy was chosen for four fetuses, and the remaining eight of them displayed ichthyosis without neurodevelopmental anomalies. In two of these cases, the chromosomal imbalance was inherited from the maternal grandfathers, who also only had ichthyosis phenotypes. Among the 66 duplication carriers, two cases were lost at follow-up, and pregnancy was terminated for eight cases. There were no other clinical findings in the rest of the 56 fetuses, including two with Xp22.31 tetrasomy, for either male or female carriers. CONCLUSION Our observations provide support for genetic counseling in male and female carriers of Xp22.31 copy number variants. Most of them are asymptomatic in male deletion carriers, except for skin findings. Our study is consistent with the view that the Xp22.31 duplication may be a benign variant in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Renke Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huanhuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xueqian Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Juchun Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lupin Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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Wren GH, Davies W. X-linked ichthyosis: New insights into a multi-system disorder. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2022; 2:e179. [PMID: 36479267 PMCID: PMC9720199 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) is a rare genetic condition almostexclusively affecting males; it is characterised by abnormal desquamation and retentionhyperkeratosis, and presents with polygonal brown scales. Most cases resultfrom genetic deletions within Xp22.31 spanning the STS (steroid sulfatase)gene, with the remaining cases resulting from STS-specific mutations. For manyyears it has been recognised that individuals with XLI are at increased risk ofcryptorchidism and corneal opacities. Methods We discuss emerging evidence that such individuals are alsomore likely to be affected by a range of neurodevelopmental and psychiatrictraits, by cardiac arrhythmias, and by rare fibrotic and bleeding-relatedconditions. We consider candidate mechanisms that may confer elevatedlikelihood of these individual conditions, and propose a novel commonbiological risk pathway. Results Understanding the prevalence, nature and co-occurrence ofcomorbidities associated with XLI is critical for ensuring early identificationof symptoms and for providing the most effective genetic counselling andmultidisciplinary care for affected individuals. Conclusion Future work in males with XLI, and in new preclinical andcellular model systems, should further clarify underlying pathophysiologicalmechanisms amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Davies
- School of Psychology Cardiff University Cardiff UK.,School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff UK.,Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics Cardiff University Cardiff UK.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute Cardiff University Cardiff UK
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6
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Chouk H, Saad S, Dimassi S, Fetoui NG, Bennour A, Gammoudi R, Elmabrouk H, Saad A, Denguezli M, H'mida D. X-linked recessive ichthyosis in 8 Tunisian patients: awareness of misdiagnosis due to the technical trap of the STS pseudogene. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:165. [PMID: 35883075 PMCID: PMC9317125 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction X-linked recessive ichthyosis (XLI) is a genodermatosis, caused by a deficiency of the steroid sulphatase enzyme encoded by the STS gene (OMIM # 300,747). Adopted XLI molecular diagnosis approaches differ from one laboratory to another depending on available technical facilities. Our work aims to figure out a sound diagnostic strategy for XLI.
Patients and methods We collected 8 patients with XLI, all males, from 3 unrelated Tunisian families from central Tunisia. Genetic diagnosis was conducted through a large panel of genetic techniques including: Sanger Sequencing, haplotype analysis of STR markers, MLPA analysis, FISH and array CGH.
Results Direct Sanger sequencing of the STS gene showed the same deletion of 13 base pairs within the exon 4 in all patients resulting in a premature stop codon. However, all patients’ mothers were not carriers of this variant and no common haplotype flanking STS gene was shared between affected patients. Sequence alignment with reference human genome revealed an unprocessed pseudogene of the STS gene located on the Y chromosome, on which the 13 bp deletion was actually located. STS MLPA analysis identified a deletion of the entire STS gene on X chromosome for all affected patients. This deletion was confirmed by FISH and delineated by array CGH. Conclusion All our patients shared a deletion of the entire STS gene revealed by MLPA, confirmed by FISH and improved by array CGH. Geneticists must be aware of the presence of pseudogenes that can lead to XLI genetic misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Chouk
- Department of Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetic and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Saad
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Dermatology, Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Dimassi
- Department of Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetic and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Ghariani Fetoui
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Dermatology, Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ayda Bennour
- Department of Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetic and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Rima Gammoudi
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Dermatology, Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Elmabrouk
- Department of Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetic and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ali Saad
- Department of Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetic and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Denguezli
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Department of Dermatology, Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Dorra H'mida
- Department of Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetic and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia. .,Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
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7
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Gantenbein KV, Kanaka-Gantenbein C. Highlighting the trajectory from intrauterine growth restriction to future obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1041718. [PMID: 36440208 PMCID: PMC9691665 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1041718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades several lines of evidence reported the association of an adverse intrauterine environment, leading to intrauterine restriction, with future disease, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome, both leading to increased cardiovascular and cancer risk. The underlying explanation for this association has firstly been expressed by the Barker's hypothesis, the "thrifty phenotype hypothesis". According to this hypothesis, a fetus facing an adverse intrauterine environment adapts to this environment through a reprogramming of its endocrine-metabolic status, during the crucial window of developmental plasticity to save energy for survival, providing less energy and nutrients to the organs that are not essential for survival. This theory evolved to the concept of the developmental origin of health and disease (DOHaD). Thus, in the setting of an adverse, f. ex. protein restricted intrauterine environment, while the energy is mainly directed to the brain, the peripheral organs, f.ex. the muscles and the liver undergo an adaptation that is expressed through insulin resistance. The adaptation at the hepatic level predisposes to future dyslipidemia, the modifications at the vascular level to endothelial damage and future hypertension and, overall, through the insulin resistance to the development of metabolic syndrome. All these adaptations are suggested to take place through epigenetic modifications of the expression of genes without change of their amino-acid sequence. The epigenetic modifications leading to future obesity and cardiovascular risk are thought to induce appetite dysregulation, promoting food intake and adipogenesis, facilitating obesity development. The epigenetic modifications may even persist into the next generation even though the subsequent generation has not been exposed to an adverse intrauterine environment, a notion defined as the "transgenerational transfer of environmental information". As a consequence, if the increased public health burden and costs of non-communicable chronic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes have to be minimized, special attention should be laid to the healthy lifestyle habits of women of reproductive age, including healthy diet and physical activity to be established long before any pregnancy takes place in order to provide the best conditions for both somatic and mental health of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, First Department of Pediatrics Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein, ,
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8
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Brault J, Walsh L, Vance GH, Weaver DD. Klinefelter's Syndrome with Maternal Uniparental Disomy X, Interstitial Xp22.31 Deletion, X-linked Ichthyosis, and Severe Central Nervous System Regression. J Pediatr Genet 2021; 10:222-229. [PMID: 34504726 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We presented in this article a patient with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) (47,XXY) who had maternal nondisjunction and uniparental disomy of the X chromosome with regions of heterodisomy and isodisomy, an interstitial Xp22.31 deletion of both X chromosomes, and other problems. His mother also possesses the same Xp22.31 deletion. The patient presented with status epilepticus and stroke, followed by severe brain atrophy and developmental regression. His unusual clinical and cytogenetic findings apparently have not been reported with either KS or Xp22.31 deletions. Based on the patient's available genetic and biochemical information, we cannot satisfactorily explain his seizures, strokes, or catastrophic brain regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Brault
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Laurence Walsh
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States.,Department of Neurology, Section of Child Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Gail H Vance
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - David D Weaver
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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9
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Zhuang J, Chen C, Jiang Y, Luo Q, Zeng S, Lv C, Wang Y, Fu W. Application of the BACs-on-Beads assay for the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities in Quanzhou, China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:94. [PMID: 33509128 PMCID: PMC7844892 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of techniques have been used for prenatal diagnosis of genetic abnormalities. Our initial objective was to explore the value of the BACs-on-Beads (BoBs) assay for the prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidies and microdeletion/microduplication syndromes in Quanzhou, Southeast China. METHODS A total of 1409 pregnant women with high-risk factors for chromosomal abnormalities admitted to Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital were enrolled in this study. BoBs assays and karyotype analyses were conducted for all subjects. Subsequently, chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to validate the findings. RESULTS In this study, karyotype analysis and BoBs assay failed in 4 cases, and 2 cases, respectively. A total of 1403 cases were successfully analyzed, with success rates of 99.72% (1405/1409) and 99.85% (1407/1409) for karyotype analysis and Bobs assay, respectively. BoBs assay rapidly detected chromosomal aneuploidies in line with the karyotyping data. Additionally, 23 cases of microdeletions/microduplications were detected by BoBs assay but missed by karyotyping, including 22q11.2 microdeletions/microduplications, 5p15.32p15.33 microdeletion, Xp22.31 microdeletions/microduplications, Xq27.3 microdeletion, and Yp11.2 and Yq11.22q11.222 microduplication. In comparison with karyotyping, fewer mosaicisms were identified by BoBs assay. A high detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities was observed in the high-risk group during noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) (41.72%) and the abnormal ultrasound group (13.43%). CONCLUSIONS BoBs assay can be used for the rapid and efficient prenatal diagnosis of common aneuploidies and microdeletion/microduplication syndromes. Moreover, the combined use of BoBs assay and karyotyping in prenatal diagnosis may allow for a more effective detection of chromosomal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Zhuang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunnuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of Public Health for Women and Children, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Zeng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Lv
- Zhejiang Biosan Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbai Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wanyu Fu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Calderoni S, Ricca I, Balboni G, Cagiano R, Cassandrini D, Doccini S, Cosenza A, Tolomeo D, Tancredi R, Santorelli FM, Muratori F. Evaluation of Chromosome Microarray Analysis in a Large Cohort of Females with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Single Center Italian Study. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E160. [PMID: 33050239 PMCID: PMC7720139 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) encompass a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from the complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Thanks to the chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) in clinical practice, the accurate identification and characterization of submicroscopic deletions/duplications (copy number variants, CNVs) associated with ASD was made possible. However, the widely acknowledged excess of males on the autism spectrum reflects on a paucity of CMA studies specifically focused on females with ASD (f-ASD). In this framework, we aim to evaluate the frequency of causative CNVs in a single-center cohort of idiopathic f-ASD. Among the 90 f-ASD analyzed, we found 20 patients with one or two potentially pathogenic CNVs, including those previously associated with ASD (located at 16p13.2 16p11.2, 15q11.2, and 22q11.21 regions). An exploratory genotype/phenotype analysis revealed that the f-ASD with causative CNVs had statistically significantly lower restrictive and repetitive behaviors than those without CNVs or with non-causative CNVs. Future work should focus on further understanding of f-ASD genetic underpinnings, taking advantage of next-generation sequencing technologies, with the ultimate goal of contributing to precision medicine in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno 331, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivana Ricca
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (I.R.); (D.C.); (S.D.); (D.T.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Giulia Balboni
- Department of Philosophy, Social and Human Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Piazza G. Ermini 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Romina Cagiano
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno 331, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Denise Cassandrini
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (I.R.); (D.C.); (S.D.); (D.T.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Stefano Doccini
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (I.R.); (D.C.); (S.D.); (D.T.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Angela Cosenza
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno 331, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Deborah Tolomeo
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (I.R.); (D.C.); (S.D.); (D.T.); (F.M.S.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6-50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno 331, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (I.R.); (D.C.); (S.D.); (D.T.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno 331, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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11
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Ma W, Mao J, Wang X, Duan L, Song Y, Lian X, Zheng J, Liu Z, Nie M, Wu X. Novel Microdeletion in the X Chromosome Leads to Kallmann Syndrome, Ichthyosis, Obesity, and Strabismus. Front Genet 2020; 11:596. [PMID: 32670353 PMCID: PMC7327112 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large deletion in Xp22.3 can result in contiguous gene syndromes, including X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) and Kallmann syndrome (KS), presenting with short stature, chondrodysplasia punctata, intellectual disability, and strabismus. XLI and KS are caused by the deletion of STS and ANOS1, respectively. Method Two KS patients with XLI were screened to identify possible pathogenic mutations using whole exome sequencing. The clinical characteristics, molecular genetics, treatment outcomes, and genotype–phenotype association for each patient were analyzed. Results We identified a novel 3,923 kb deletion within the Xp22.31 region (chrX: 5810838–9733877) containing STS, ANOS1, GPR143, NLGN4X, VCX-A, PUDP, and PNPLA4 in patient 1, who presented with KS, XLI, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and strabismus. We identified a novel 5,807 kb deletion within the Xp22.31-p22.33 regions (chrX: 2700083–8507807) containing STS, ANOS1, and other 24 genes in patient 2, who presented with KS, XLI, obesity, and strabismus. No developmental delay, abnormal speech development, or autistic behavior were noticed in either patient. Conclusion We identified two novel microdeletions in the X chromosome leading to KS and XLI. These findings contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive contiguous gene syndromes. Our research confirmed that the Kallmann-Ichthyosis phenotype is caused by microdeletions at the chromosome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangfeng Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwen Song
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolan Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Nie
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Prenatal Diagnosis and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of Copy Number Variations on 4p15.2p16.3, Xp22.31, and 12p11.1q11 in a Fetus with Ultrasound Anomalies: A Case Report and Literature Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1761738. [PMID: 32566663 PMCID: PMC7275220 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1761738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements, such as duplications/deletions, can lead to a variety of genetic disorders. Herein, we reported a prenatal case with right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery, consisting of a complex chromosomal copy number variations. Routine cytogenetic analysis described the chromosomal karyotype as 46,XY, add (2)(q37) for the fetus. However, the chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) identified a 22.4 Mb duplication in chromosome 4p16.3p15.2, a 3.96 Mb microduplication in 12p11.1q11, and a 1.68 Mb microdeletion in Xp22.31. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a chromosome 4 painting probe was found to hybridize to the terminal of chromosome 2q on the fetus, thus confirming that the extra genetic materials of chromosome 2 was actually trisomy 4p detected through CMA. Meanwhile, the parental karyotypes were normal, which proved that the add (2) was de novo for fetus. The duplication of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome critical region (WHSCR) and X-linked recessive ichthyosis associated with Xp22.31 deletion separately were considered potentially pathogenic causes although other abnormalities involving these syndromes were not observed. For prenatal cases, the combined utilization of ultrasonography, traditional cytogenetic, and molecular diagnosis technology will enhance better diagnostic benefits, offer more detailed genetic counselling, and assess the prognosis of the fetuses.
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13
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Nishi T, Fukui K, Iwadate K. Genetic polymorphism analyses of three novel X chromosomal short tandem repeat loci in the Xp22.3 region. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2020; 45:101709. [PMID: 32371301 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
X chromosomal short tandem repeats (X-STRs) can be useful for haplotype analysis in DNA testing, particularly for complex kinship testing or when one parent is absent. We searched downstream of four previously detected loci in the Xp22.3 region (LC149476, LC149479, LC149480, and LC149484) and detected and analyzed three novel short tandem repeats (STRs), LC317283, LC317284, and LC317285, with the repeat sequences TATAA, TTTA, and TATC, respectively. The forensic statistical values in Japanese subjects were confirmed to be noninferior to existing loci, with values for polymorphism information content, the power of discrimination in males (PDm), and the power of discrimination in females (PDf) of 0.5606-0.7448, 0.6078-0.7774, and 0.7990-0.9178, respectively. Haplotype analysis also revealed linkage disequilibrium between LC317283 and the four known loci (LC149476, LC149479, LC149480, and LC149484) and between two other novel loci (LC317284 and LC317285). Analysis of three family samples suggested that these STRs could be useful in complex kinship testing, so we developed an X-STR multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system for the seven loci and confirmed its ability to provide favorable amplification. We anticipate that the identified loci and developed multiplex PCR system will be beneficial to the field of forensic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeki Nishi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, 105-8461 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kenji Fukui
- Department of Forensic Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, 105-8461 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimiharu Iwadate
- Department of Forensic Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, 105-8461 Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Labonne JDJ, Driessen TM, Harris ME, Kong IK, Brakta S, Theisen J, Sangare M, Layman LC, Kim CH, Lim J, Kim HG. Comparative Genomic Mapping Implicates LRRK2 for Intellectual Disability and Autism at 12q12, and HDHD1, as Well as PNPLA4, for X-Linked Intellectual Disability at Xp22.31. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010274. [PMID: 31963867 PMCID: PMC7019335 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a genomic and phenotypic delineation for two chromosome regions with candidate genes for syndromic intellectual disability at 12q12 and Xp22.31, segregating independently in one family with four affected members. Fine mapping of three affected members, along with six unreported small informative CNVs, narrowed down the candidate chromosomal interval to one gene LRRK2 at 12q12. Expression studies revealed high levels of LRRK2 transcripts in the whole human brain, cerebral cortex and hippocampus. RT-qPCR assays revealed that LRRK2 transcripts were dramatically reduced in our microdeletion patient DGDP289A compared to his healthy grandfather with no deletion. The decreased expression of LRRK2 may affect protein–protein interactions between LRRK2 and its binding partners, of which eight have previously been linked to intellectual disability. These findings corroborate with a role for LRRK2 in cognitive development, and, thus, we propose that intellectual disability and autism, displayed in the 12q12 microdeletions, are likely caused by LRRK2. Using another affected member, DGDP289B, with a microdeletion at Xp22.31, in this family, we performed the genomic and clinical delineation with six published and nine unreported cases. We propose HDHD1 and PNPLA4 for X-linked intellectual disability in this region, since their high transcript levels in the human brain substantiate their role in intellectual functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. J. Labonne
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (M.E.H.); (S.B.); (J.T.); (L.C.L.)
| | - Terri M. Driessen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (T.M.D.); (J.L.)
| | - Marvin E. Harris
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (M.E.H.); (S.B.); (J.T.); (L.C.L.)
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Soumia Brakta
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (M.E.H.); (S.B.); (J.T.); (L.C.L.)
| | - John Theisen
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (M.E.H.); (S.B.); (J.T.); (L.C.L.)
| | - Modibo Sangare
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali;
| | - Lawrence C. Layman
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (M.E.H.); (S.B.); (J.T.); (L.C.L.)
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Janghoo Lim
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (T.M.D.); (J.L.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (M.E.H.); (S.B.); (J.T.); (L.C.L.)
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Correspondence:
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15
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Zhuang J, Wang Y, Zeng S, Lv C, Lin Y, Jiang Y. A prenatal diagnosis and genetics study of five pedigrees in the Chinese population with Xp22.31 microduplication. Mol Cytogenet 2019; 12:50. [PMID: 31857824 PMCID: PMC6907354 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-019-0461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Copy number variations (CNVs) can contribute to human phenotype, phenotypic diversity and disease susceptibility, while others may benign. In the current study, an attempt to investigate the pathogenicity of CNVs in chromosome Xp22.31 was explored. Methods G-banding and SNP-array techniques were used to analyze chromosome karyotypes and CNVs in fetuses. Parents associate with five different pedigrees possessing high risk factors in pregnancy were considered with such parameters as advanced age, high risk of serological screening and ultrasound abnormalities. Results The fetuses’ amniotic fluid karyotypes were 46, XX and those of their parents with the five pedigrees revealed no abnormalities. Here, we noticed a series of individuals with Xp22.31 duplications ranging from 534.6 kb to 1.6 Mb. It was detected through SNP array that the fetuses in Pedigree 1 and 2 had ~ 600 kb duplications in the Xp22.31 region of their X chromosomes which contained two OMIM genes, HDHD1 (OMIM: 306480) and part of STS (OMIM: 300747). The fetuses of Pedigrees 3, 4 and 5 had 1.6 Mb duplication in the same chromosome which contained four OMIM genes: HDHD1 (OMIM: 306480), STS (OMIM: 300747), PNPLA4 (OMIM: 300102) and VCX (OMIM: 300229). The duplications in the fetuses of Pedigrees 1 and 5 were inherited from the non-phenotypic parents. Pedigrees 3 and 4 refused to perform parental verification. Finally, four of the five pedigrees continue towards pregnancy with no abnormalities being observed during followed-ups. Conclusion Our study first showed duplications of Xp22.31 in Chinese population. Clinical and genetic investigation on five different pedigrees, we consider the duplication of these fragments as likely benign copy number variants (CNVs). We suggest that the duplications of Xp22.31 with recurrent duplication as a benign CNVs .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Zhuang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbai Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Zeng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Lv
- Zhejiang Biosan technology Co., Ltd, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Lin
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center of Quanzhou, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
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16
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Dreyer FE, Abdulrahman GO, Waring G, Hinshaw K. Placental steroid sulphatase deficiency: an approach to antenatal care and delivery. Ann Saudi Med 2018; 38:445-449. [PMID: 30531180 PMCID: PMC6302985 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2018.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental steroid sulphatase deficiency (SSD) is an X-linked inborn error of metabolism. Congenital X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) is a genetic disorder of keratinisation caused by steroid sulphatase (STS) deficiency, which results in a scaling skin condition in male infants shortly after birth. It may be associated with failed induction of labor and prolonged labor leading to cesarean delivery due to 'cervical dystocia'. We present two cases of congenital ichthyosis. Thorough counselling of women with a previously affected pregnancy during the antenatal period should include discussion about mode of delivery and a critical review of the complexities of prenatal diagnosis in this condition. We propose a clinical management pathway to offer women with a previous pregnancy affected by this rare condition. SIMILAR CASES PUBLISHED: Less than 50 cases reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frieda-Elsje Dreyer
- Frieda Elsje Dreyer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,, Sunderland Royal Hospital,, Sunderland SR4 7TP, United Kingdom, T: +44 0191 565 6256, , ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002.0997-9919
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17
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Miyawaki D, Goto A, Iwakura Y, Hirai K, Miki Y, Asada N, Terakawa H, Inoue K. Preschool-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder with complete remission. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:1747-1753. [PMID: 30013347 PMCID: PMC6039057 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s169797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is more severe than later-onset OCD. There are no reports of any early-onset OCD patients being cured, especially with respect to preschoolers. In this case report, we describe the successful treatment and cure of a 6-year-old preschool girl with severe OCD since the age of 3. At the age of 3, the patient began to fear contamination and danger to herself and her family, leading to excessive hand-washing, and several months later, ritualized checking. The OCD symptoms waxed and waned for about 3 years and thereafter worsened gradually over a few weeks, culminating in a refusal to eat and dress. At the age of 6, after a week of inpatient pediatric treatment with no improvement, the patient was transferred to Osaka City University Hospital to seek psychiatric treatment. The patient fully recovered from OCD following family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and short-term use of low-dose fluvoxamine in an inpatient setting. After treatment, the OCD symptoms disappeared with complete remission for over 3 years. Now, aged 9, the patient has good global functioning and is well adjusted in her daily life with no need for any treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of preschool-onset OCD with long-term complete remission with inpatient treatment in a preschooler with severe OCD. Some preschoolers with very early-onset OCD may have good prognosis without continuous pharmacotherapy, although the symptoms with the onset are severe enough to require hospitalization. Preschool-onset OCD is likely to be misdiagnosed as separation anxiety disorder. Our findings suggest that family-based CBT, which is the treatment of choice for preschool-onset OCD, can be applicable to inpatient treatment. Early detection and intensive intervention of OCD in preschoolers may improve the chance of remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Miyawaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan,
| | - Ayako Goto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan,
| | - Yoshihiro Iwakura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan, .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Hirai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan,
| | - Yusuke Miki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan,
| | - Naomi Asada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan, .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Terakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan,
| | - Koki Inoue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan,
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18
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Gao K, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Kong W, Xie H, Wang J, Wu Y, Wu X, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Yu ACH, Jiang Y. Large De Novo Microdeletion in Epilepsy with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, with a Systems Biology Analysis. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 21:247-266. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-94593-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Neurological Manifestations of X-Linked Ichthyosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Genet 2017; 2017:9086408. [PMID: 28884032 PMCID: PMC5572599 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9086408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A 5-year-old boy presented with mild autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Chromosomal microarray demonstrated a 1.7 Mb deletion at Xp22.31, which was consistent with X-linked ichthyosis (XLI). Further exam revealed dry, scaly skin on his abdomen and pretibial areas. Patients with mutations involving solely the STS gene or the recurrent ~2 Mb deletion may present with ADHD, whereas those with larger deletions including the NLGN4 gene can present with both ADHD and autism. However, our patient presented with mild autism in addition to ADHD despite having only the recurrent deletion without loss of NLGN4. Such neurological manifestations of XLI warrant attention as practical targets of clinical management.
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20
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Zhang Q, Si N, Liu Y, Zhang D, Wang R, Zhang Y, Wang S, Liu X, Deng X, Ma Y, Ge P, Zhao J, Zhang X. Steroid sulfatase and filaggrin mutations in a boy with severe ichthyosis, elevated serum IgE level and moyamoya syndrome. Gene 2017; 628:103-108. [PMID: 28710038 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) is a relatively common, recessive condition caused by mutations in the steroid sulfatase (STS) gene. Common loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) cause ichthyosis vulgaris and predispose individuals to atopic eczema. We report a case of a 6-year-old boy who presented with unusually severe XLI, an increased serum immunoglobulin E level (2120IU/ml) and moyamoya angiopathy. Whole-exome sequencing identified a gross deletion encompassing the STS in Xp22.31 and the p.K4022X FLG mutation. The deletion is at least 1.6Mb in size in the proband, based on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results. No other genetic mutations related to ichthyosis, moyamoya or hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome were detected. Furthermore, his mother's brothers suffered from mild XLI and only had a deletion encompassing the STS. Additionally, his father and older sister suffered from mild ichthyosis vulgaris and had the p.K4022X FLG mutation. We report the first case of XLI with concurrent moyamoya syndrome. Moreover, an IgE-mediated immune response may have triggered the moyamoya signaling cascade in this patient with ichthyosis. Furthermore, our study strengthens the hypothesis that filaggrin defects can synergize with an STS deficiency to exacerbate the ichthyosis phenotype in an ethnically diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China 6 Tiantanxili, DongCheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Nuo Si
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Yaping Liu
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China 6 Tiantanxili, DongCheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China 6 Tiantanxili, DongCheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China 6 Tiantanxili, DongCheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China 6 Tiantanxili, DongCheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
| | - Xingju Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China 6 Tiantanxili, DongCheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China 6 Tiantanxili, DongCheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China 6 Tiantanxili, DongCheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
| | - Peicong Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China 6 Tiantanxili, DongCheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China 6 Tiantanxili, DongCheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China.
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Langford R, Hurrion E, Dawson PA. Genetics and pathophysiology of mammalian sulfate biology. J Genet Genomics 2017; 44:7-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Huang JW, Tang N, Li WG, Li ZT, Luo SQ, Li JW, Huang J, Yan TZ. [Identification of gene mutation and prenatal diagnosis in a family with X-linked ichthyosis]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:1136-1140. [PMID: 27817780 PMCID: PMC7389852 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) is a metabolic disease with steroid sulfatase deficiency and often occurs at birth or shortly after birth. The encoding gene of steroid sulfatase, STS, is located on the short arm of the X chromosome, and STS deletion or mutation can lead to the development of this disease. This study collected the data on the clinical phenotype from a family, and the proband, a boy aged 11 years with full-term vaginal delivery, had dry and rough skin and black-brown scaly patches, mainly in the abdomen and extensor aspect of extremities. Peripheral blood samples were collected from each family member and DNA was extracted. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used to measure the copy number of STS on the X chromosome. Whole-genome microarray was used to determine the size of the segment with microdeletion in the X chromosome. MLPA was then used for prenatal diagnosis for the mother of the proband. The results revealed that the proband and another two male patients had hemizygotes in STS deletion. Gene microarray identified a rare deletion with a size of 1.6 Mb at Xp22.31 (chrX: 6,516,735-8,131,442). Two female family members were found to be carriers. Prenatal diagnosis showed that the fetus carried by the proband's mother was a carrier of this microdeletion. This study showed STS gene deletion in this family of XLI, which causes the unique skin lesions of XLI. MLPA is a convenient and reliable technique for the molecular and prenatal diagnosis of XLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liuzhou Municipal Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545001, China.
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23
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Oikonomakis V, Kosma K, Mitrakos A, Sofocleous C, Pervanidou P, Syrmou A, Pampanos A, Psoni S, Fryssira H, Kanavakis E, Kitsiou-Tzeli S, Tzetis M. Recurrent copy number variations as risk factors for autism spectrum disorders: analysis of the clinical implications. Clin Genet 2016; 89:708-18. [PMID: 26777411 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is currently considered a first-tier diagnostic assay for the investigation of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), developmental delay and intellectual disability of unknown etiology. High-resolution arrays were utilized for the identification of copy number variations (CNVs) in 195 ASD patients of Greek origin (126 males, 69 females). CMA resulted in the detection of 65 CNVs, excluding the known polymorphic copy number polymorphisms also found in the Database of Genomic Variants, for 51/195 patients (26.1%). Parental DNA testing in 20/51 patients revealed that 17 CNVs were de novo, 6 paternal and 3 of maternal origin. The majority of the 65 CNVs were deletions (66.1%), of which 5 on the X-chromosome while the duplications, of which 7 on the X-chromosome, were rarer (22/65, 33.8%). Fifty-one CNVs from a total of 65, reported for our cohort of ASD patients, were of diagnostic significance and well described in the literature while 14 CNVs (8 losses, 6 gains) were characterized as variants of unknown significance and need further investigation. Among the 51 patients, 39 carried one CNV, 10 carried two CNVs and 2 carried three CNVs. The use of CMA, its clinical validity and utility was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Oikonomakis
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - K Kosma
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Mitrakos
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - C Sofocleous
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Diseases in Childhood, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - P Pervanidou
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Syrmou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Pampanos
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Genetics, "Alexandra" University Maternal Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - S Psoni
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - H Fryssira
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Kanavakis
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Diseases in Childhood, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - S Kitsiou-Tzeli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - M Tzetis
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Hand JL, Runke CK, Hodge JC. The phenotype spectrum of X-linked ichthyosis identified by chromosomal microarray. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 72:617-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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