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Saponaro S, Lizzi F, Serra G, Mainas F, Oliva P, Giuliano A, Calderoni S, Retico A. Deep learning based joint fusion approach to exploit anatomical and functional brain information in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Inform 2024; 11:2. [PMID: 38194126 PMCID: PMC10776521 DOI: 10.1186/s40708-023-00217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integration of the information encoded in multiparametric MRI images can enhance the performance of machine-learning classifiers. In this study, we investigate whether the combination of structural and functional MRI might improve the performances of a deep learning (DL) model trained to discriminate subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) with respect to typically developing controls (TD). MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed both structural and functional MRI brain scans publicly available within the ABIDE I and II data collections. We considered 1383 male subjects with age between 5 and 40 years, including 680 subjects with ASD and 703 TD from 35 different acquisition sites. We extracted morphometric and functional brain features from MRI scans with the Freesurfer and the CPAC analysis packages, respectively. Then, due to the multisite nature of the dataset, we implemented a data harmonization protocol. The ASD vs. TD classification was carried out with a multiple-input DL model, consisting in a neural network which generates a fixed-length feature representation of the data of each modality (FR-NN), and a Dense Neural Network for classification (C-NN). Specifically, we implemented a joint fusion approach to multiple source data integration. The main advantage of the latter is that the loss is propagated back to the FR-NN during the training, thus creating informative feature representations for each data modality. Then, a C-NN, with a number of layers and neurons per layer to be optimized during the model training, performs the ASD-TD discrimination. The performance was evaluated by computing the Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve within a nested 10-fold cross-validation. The brain features that drive the DL classification were identified by the SHAP explainability framework. RESULTS The AUC values of 0.66±0.05 and of 0.76±0.04 were obtained in the ASD vs. TD discrimination when only structural or functional features are considered, respectively. The joint fusion approach led to an AUC of 0.78±0.04. The set of structural and functional connectivity features identified as the most important for the two-class discrimination supports the idea that brain changes tend to occur in individuals with ASD in regions belonging to the Default Mode Network and to the Social Brain. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the multimodal joint fusion approach outperforms the classification results obtained with data acquired by a single MRI modality as it efficiently exploits the complementarity of structural and functional brain information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saponaro
- Medical Physics School, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa Division, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Lizzi
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa Division, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Serra
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- INFN, Cagliari Division, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Mainas
- INFN, Cagliari Division, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piernicola Oliva
- INFN, Cagliari Division, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessia Giuliano
- Unit of Medical Physics, Pisa University Hospital "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana", Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Developmental Psychiatry Unit - IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Retico
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa Division, Pisa, Italy
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Bosetti C, Ferrini L, Ferrari AR, Bartolini E, Calderoni S. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Abnormalities of Clinical EEG: A Qualitative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:279. [PMID: 38202286 PMCID: PMC10779511 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the comorbidity between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and epilepsy has been widely demonstrated, and many hypotheses regarding the common neurobiological bases of these disorders have been put forward. A variable, but significant, prevalence of abnormalities on electroencephalogram (EEG) has been documented in non-epileptic children with ASD; therefore, several scientific studies have recently tried to demonstrate the role of these abnormalities as a possible biomarker of altered neural connectivity in ASD individuals. This narrative review intends to summarize the main findings of the recent scientific literature regarding abnormalities detected with standard EEG in children/adolescents with idiopathic ASD. Research using three different databases (PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar) was conducted, resulting in the selection of 10 original articles. Despite an important lack of studies on preschoolers and a deep heterogeneity in results, some authors speculated on a possible association between EEG abnormalities and ASD characteristics, in particular, the severity of symptoms. Although this correlation needs to be more strongly elucidated, these findings may encourage future studies aimed at demonstrating the role of electrical brain abnormalities as an early biomarker of neural circuit alterations in ASD, highlighting the potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value of EEG in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bosetti
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.B.); (L.F.); (A.R.F.); (S.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.B.); (L.F.); (A.R.F.); (S.C.)
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Ferrari
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.B.); (L.F.); (A.R.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Emanuele Bartolini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.B.); (L.F.); (A.R.F.); (S.C.)
- Tuscany PhD Programme in Neurosciences, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.B.); (L.F.); (A.R.F.); (S.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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3
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Guiducci L, Cabiati M, Santocchi E, Prosperi M, Morales MA, Muratori F, Randazzo E, Federico G, Calderoni S, Del Ry S. Expression of miRNAs in Pre-Schoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorders Compared with Typically Developing Peers and Its Effects after Probiotic Supplementation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7162. [PMID: 38002774 PMCID: PMC10672692 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration of the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been recently recognized as a possible contributor to the physiopathology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this context, microRNA (miRNAs) dysfunction, implicated both in several neuropathological conditions including ASD and in different gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs), could represent an important modulating factor. In this contextual framework, we studied the transcriptional profile of specific circulating miRNAs associated with both ASD (miR-197-5p, miR-424-5p, miR-500a-5p, miR-664a-5p) and GID (miR-21-5p, miR-320a-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-223-5p) in a group of pre-schoolers with ASD and in typically developing (TD) peers. In the ASD group, we also assessed the same miRNAs after a 6-month supplementation with probiotics and their correlation with plasma levels of zonulin and lactoferrin. At baseline, the expression of miRNAs involved in ASD were significantly reduced in ASD pre-schoolers vs. TD controls. Regarding the miRNAs involved in GID, the expression levels of miR-320-5p, miR-31-5p, and miR-223-5p were significantly higher in ASD than in TD subjects, whereas miR-21-5p showed significantly reduced expression in the ASD group vs. TD group. Supplementation with probiotics did not significantly change the expression of miRNAs in the ASD population. We found a significative negative correlation between zonulin and miR-197-5p and miR-21-5p at baseline, as well as between lactoferrin and miR-223-5p after 6 months of probiotic supplementation. Our study confirms the presence of an altered profile of the miRNAs investigated in ASD versus TD peers that was not modified by supplementation with probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Guiducci
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (M.A.M.); (S.D.R.)
| | - Manuela Cabiati
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (M.A.M.); (S.D.R.)
| | - Elisa Santocchi
- UFSMIA Zona Valle del Serchio, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, 55032 Castelnuovo di Garfagnana, Italy;
| | - Margherita Prosperi
- UFSMIA Valdera-Alta Val di Cecina, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria Aurora Morales
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (M.A.M.); (S.D.R.)
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Emioli Randazzo
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (M.A.M.); (S.D.R.)
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Barsotti J, Mangani G, Nencioli R, Narzisi A, Pfanner L, Chilosi AM, Cipriani P, Mancini A, Cosenza A, Tancredi R, Calderoni S. Sex/Gender Differences in the Language Profiles of Italian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4923. [PMID: 37568325 PMCID: PMC10419940 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12154923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex/gender (S/G) differences in ASD language profiles have been poorly investigated. The present study aims to explore whether male (M) and female (F) children with ASD and with normal non-verbal cognitive abilities differ in their linguistic profiles. A sample of 76 Italian children with ASD (range: 4.9-8 years), including 50 Ms and 26 Fs, was retrospectively recruited. Language profiles were analyzed using standardized tests for the evaluation of receptive and expressive vocabulary as well as grammar. Grammatical comprehension was the most impaired domain compared to the other language measures in both M and F children. Comparing language profiles between S/G, Fs showed significantly better scores than Ms in grammatical production (p = 0.002), and Ms showed better active negative sentence comprehension (p = 0.035). Moreover, comparing the language profiles between Ms and Fs with a receptive disorder, Fs had significantly worse grammatical comprehension and better grammatical production than Ms. Even among children without a receptive disorder, Fs had significantly higher grammatical production scores. The S/G differences in language profile, particularly better expressive language in Fs than Ms, can partially contribute to the delayed ASD diagnosis or underdiagnosis of Fs without intellectual disability. Finally, the results document the importance of accurately investigating both expressive and receptive abilities in children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Barsotti
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (J.B.); (G.M.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (L.P.); (A.M.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Gloria Mangani
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (J.B.); (G.M.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (L.P.); (A.M.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Roberta Nencioli
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (J.B.); (G.M.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (L.P.); (A.M.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Antonio Narzisi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (J.B.); (G.M.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (L.P.); (A.M.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Lucia Pfanner
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (J.B.); (G.M.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (L.P.); (A.M.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Anna Maria Chilosi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (J.B.); (G.M.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (L.P.); (A.M.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Paola Cipriani
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (J.B.); (G.M.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (L.P.); (A.M.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Alice Mancini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (J.B.); (G.M.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (L.P.); (A.M.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Angela Cosenza
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (J.B.); (G.M.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (L.P.); (A.M.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (J.B.); (G.M.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (L.P.); (A.M.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (J.B.); (G.M.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (L.P.); (A.M.C.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Calderoni S. Editorial: Women in psychiatry 2022: child and adolescent psychiatry. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1248107. [PMID: 37559922 PMCID: PMC10408122 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1248107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Scaffei E, Mazziotti R, Conti E, Costanzo V, Calderoni S, Stoccoro A, Carmassi C, Tancredi R, Baroncelli L, Battini R. A Potential Biomarker of Brain Activity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot fNIRS Study in Female Preschoolers. Brain Sci 2023; 13:951. [PMID: 37371429 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a neurodevelopmental condition whose detection still remains challenging in young females due to the heterogeneity of the behavioral phenotype and the capacity of camouflage. The availability of quantitative biomarkers to assess brain function may support in the assessment of ASD. Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive and flexible tool that quantifies cortical hemodynamic responses (HDR) that can be easily employed to describe brain activity. Since the study of the visual phenotype is a paradigmatic model to evaluate cerebral processing in many neurodevelopmental conditions, we hypothesized that visually-evoked HDR (vHDR) might represent a potential biomarker in ASD females. We performed a case-control study comparing vHDR in a cohort of high-functioning preschooler females with ASD (fASD) and sex/age matched peers. We demonstrated the feasibility of visual fNIRS measurements in fASD, and the possibility to discriminate between fASD and typical subjects using different signal features, such as the amplitude and lateralization of vHDR. Moreover, the level of response lateralization was correlated to the severity of autistic traits. These results corroborate the cruciality of sensory symptoms in ASD, paving the way for the validation of the fNIRS analytical tool for diagnosis and treatment outcome monitoring in the ASD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Scaffei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaele Mazziotti
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eugenia Conti
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Costanzo
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Stoccoro
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Baroncelli
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Battini
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Stoccoro A, Conti E, Scaffei E, Calderoni S, Coppedè F, Migliore L, Battini R. DNA Methylation Biomarkers for Young Children with Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119138. [PMID: 37298088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition, the underlying pathological mechanisms of which are not yet completely understood. Although several genetic and genomic alterations have been linked to ASD, for the majority of ASD patients, the cause remains unknown, and the condition likely arises due to complex interactions between low-risk genes and environmental factors. There is increasing evidence that epigenetic mechanisms that are highly sensitive to environmental factors and influence gene function without altering the DNA sequence, particularly aberrant DNA methylation, are involved in ASD pathogenesis. This systematic review aimed to update the clinical application of DNA methylation investigations in children with idiopathic ASD, investigating its potential application in clinical settings. To this end, a literature search was performed on different scientific databases using a combination of terms related to the association between peripheral DNA methylation and young children with idiopathic ASD; this search led to the identification of 18 articles. In the selected studies, DNA methylation is investigated in peripheral blood or saliva samples, at both gene-specific and genome-wide levels. The results obtained suggest that peripheral DNA methylation could represent a promising methodology in ASD biomarker research, although further studies are needed to develop DNA-methylation-based clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stoccoro
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eugenia Conti
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Scaffei
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Migliore
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Battini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Distefano G, Calderoni S, Apicella F, Cosenza A, Igliozzi R, Palermo G, Tancredi R, Tritto G, Craig F, Muratori F, Turi M. Impact of sleep disorders on behavioral issues in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1181466. [PMID: 37181873 PMCID: PMC10169650 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1181466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep disorders are one of the most common problems in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, they often tend to be underdiagnosed and incorrectly treated in clinical practice. This study aims to identify sleep disorders in preschool children with ASD and to explore their relationship with the core symptoms of autism, the child's developmental and cognitive level as well as the psychiatric comorbidities. Methods We recruited 163 preschool children with a diagnosis of ASD. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) assessed sleep conditions. Multiple standardized tests were used to evaluate intellectual abilities, the presence of repetitive behaviors (through the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised), as well as the emotional-behavioral problems and the psychiatric comorbidities (through the Child Behavior Checklist -CBCL 11/2-5). Results The results showed that poor disorders had consistently higher scores in all areas assessed by the CSHQ and on the CBCL across all domains. The correlational analysis showed that severe sleep disorders were associated with higher scores in internalizing, externalizing, and total problems at the CBCL syndromic scales, and in all DSM-oriented CBCL subscales. Moreover, we found that the association between sleep disorders and restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) is explained by the anxiety-related symptoms. Conclusion Based on these findings, the study recommends that screening for sleep problems followed by early intervention should constitute a routine part of clinical practice for children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Distefano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Craig
- Department of Cultures, Education and Society, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Marco Turi
- Department of Human and Social Studies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Billeci L, Callara AL, Guiducci L, Prosperi M, Morales MA, Calderoni S, Muratori F, Santocchi E. A randomized controlled trial into the effects of probiotics on electroencephalography in preschoolers with autism. Autism 2023; 27:117-132. [PMID: 35362336 PMCID: PMC9806478 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221082710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of a probiotic on preschoolers' brain electrical activity with autism spectrum disorder. Autism is a disorder with an increasing prevalence characterized by an enormous individual, family, and social cost. Although the etiology of autism spectrum disorder is unknown, an interaction between genetic and environmental factors is implicated, converging in altered brain synaptogenesis and, therefore, connectivity. Besides deepening the knowledge on the resting brain electrical activity that characterizes this disorder, this study allows analyzing the positive central effects of a 6-month therapy with a probiotic through a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study and the correlations between electroencephalography activity and biochemical and clinical parameters. In subjects treated with probiotics, we observed a decrease of power in frontopolar regions in beta and gamma bands, and increased coherence in the same bands together with a shift in frontal asymmetry, which suggests a modification toward a typical brain activity. Electroencephalography measures were significantly correlated with clinical and biochemical measures. These findings support the importance of further investigations on probiotics' benefits in autism spectrum disorder to better elucidate mechanistic links between probiotics supplementation and changes in brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Billeci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology,
National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Letizia Guiducci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology,
National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Prosperi
- Department of Developmental
Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy,Margherita Prosperi, Department of
Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, viale del Tirreno
331, 56128 Calambrone (PI), Italy.
| | | | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental
Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy,Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental
Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy,Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Santocchi
- UFSMIA zona Valle del Serchio, Azienda
USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Castelnuovo Garfagnana (LU), Italy
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Costanzo V, Narzisi A, Cerullo S, Crifaci G, Boncoddo M, Turi M, Apicella F, Tancredi R, Muratori F, Calderoni S, Billeci L. High-Risk Siblings without Autism: Insights from a Clinical and Eye-Tracking Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111789. [PMID: 36573785 PMCID: PMC9699372 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint attention (JA)-the human ability to coordinate our attention with that of other people-is impaired in the early stage of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, little is known about the JA skills in the younger siblings of children with ASD who do not develop ASD at 36 months of age [high-risk (HR)-noASD]. In order to advance our understanding of this topic, a prospective multicenter observational study was conducted with three groups of toddlers (age range: 18-33 months): 17 with ASD, 19 with HR-noASD and 16 with typical development (TD). All subjects underwent a comprehensive clinical assessment and an eye-tracking experiment with pre-recorded stimuli in which the visual patterns during two tasks eliciting initiating joint attention (IJA) were measured. Specifically, fixations, transitions and alternating gaze were analyzed. Clinical evaluation revealed that HR-noASD subjects had lower non-verbal cognitive skills than TD children, while similar levels of restricted and repetitive behaviors and better social communication skills were detected in comparison with ASD children. Eye-tracking paradigms indicated that HR-noASD toddlers had visual patterns resembling TD in terms of target-object-to-face gaze alternations, while their looking behaviors were similar to ASD toddlers regarding not-target-object-to-face gaze alternations. This study indicated that high-risk, unaffected siblings displayed a shared profile of IJA-eye-tracking measures with both ASD patients and TD controls, providing new insights into the characterization of social attention in this group of toddlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Costanzo
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Calambrone, Italy
| | - Antonio Narzisi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Calambrone, Italy
| | - Sonia Cerullo
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini, 22040 Lecco, Italy
| | - Giulia Crifaci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Boncoddo
- Interdepartmental Program “Autism 0-90”, “G. Martino” University Hospital of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Turi
- Stella Maris Mediterraneo Foundation, 85032 Chiaromonte, Italy
| | - Fabio Apicella
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Calambrone, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Calambrone, Italy
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Calambrone, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Calambrone, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-050-886200
| | - Lucia Billeci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Stoccoro A, Gallo R, Calderoni S, Cagiano R, Muratori F, Migliore L, Grossi E, Coppedè F. Artificial neural networks reveal sex differences in gene methylation, and connections between maternal risk factors and symptom severity in autism spectrum disorder. Epigenomics 2022; 14:1181-1195. [PMID: 36325841 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and methods: Artificial neural networks were used to unravel connections among blood gene methylation levels, sex, maternal risk factors and symptom severity evaluated using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule 2 (ADOS-2) score in 58 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Results: Methylation levels of MECP2, HTR1A and OXTR genes were connected to females, and those of EN2, BCL2 and RELN genes to males. High gestational weight gain, lack of folic acid supplements, advanced maternal age, preterm birth, low birthweight and living in rural context were the best predictors of a high ADOS-2 score. Conclusion: Artificial neural networks revealed links among ASD maternal risk factors, symptom severity, gene methylation levels and sex differences in methylation that warrant further investigation in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stoccoro
- Department of Translational Research & of New Surgical & Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Medical School, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Roberta Gallo
- Department of Translational Research & of New Surgical & Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Medical School, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, Pisa, 56128, Italy
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Romina Cagiano
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, Pisa, 56128, Italy
| | - Filippo Muratori
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, Pisa, 56128, Italy
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Lucia Migliore
- Department of Translational Research & of New Surgical & Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Medical School, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Enzo Grossi
- Villa Santa Maria Foundation, Tavernerio, Como, 22038, Italy
| | - Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research & of New Surgical & Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Medical School, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy
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12
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Patel Y, Shin J, Abé C, Agartz I, Alloza C, Alnæs D, Ambrogi S, Antonucci LA, Arango C, Arolt V, Auzias G, Ayesa-Arriola R, Banaj N, Banaschewski T, Bandeira C, Başgöze Z, Cupertino RB, Bau CHD, Bauer J, Baumeister S, Bernardoni F, Bertolino A, Bonnin CDM, Brandeis D, Brem S, Bruggemann J, Bülow R, Bustillo JR, Calderoni S, Calvo R, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Cannon DM, Carmona S, Carr VJ, Catts SV, Chenji S, Chew QH, Coghill D, Connolly CG, Conzelmann A, Craven AR, Crespo-Facorro B, Cullen K, Dahl A, Dannlowski U, Davey CG, Deruelle C, Díaz-Caneja CM, Dohm K, Ehrlich S, Epstein J, Erwin-Grabner T, Eyler LT, Fedor J, Fitzgerald J, Foran W, Ford JM, Fortea L, Fuentes-Claramonte P, Fullerton J, Furlong L, Gallagher L, Gao B, Gao S, Goikolea JM, Gotlib I, Goya-Maldonado R, Grabe HJ, Green M, Grevet EH, Groenewold NA, Grotegerd D, Gruber O, Haavik J, Hahn T, Harrison BJ, Heindel W, Henskens F, Heslenfeld DJ, Hilland E, Hoekstra PJ, Hohmann S, Holz N, Howells FM, Ipser JC, Jahanshad N, Jakobi B, Jansen A, Janssen J, Jonassen R, Kaiser A, Kaleda V, Karantonis J, King JA, Kircher T, Kochunov P, Koopowitz SM, Landén M, Landrø NI, Lawrie S, Lebedeva I, Luna B, Lundervold AJ, MacMaster FP, Maglanoc LA, Mathalon DH, McDonald C, McIntosh A, Meinert S, Michie PT, Mitchell P, Moreno-Alcázar A, Mowry B, Muratori F, Nabulsi L, Nenadić I, O'Gorman Tuura R, Oosterlaan J, Overs B, Pantelis C, Parellada M, Pariente JC, Pauli P, Pergola G, Piarulli FM, Picon F, Piras F, Pomarol-Clotet E, Pretus C, Quidé Y, Radua J, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Rasser PE, Reif A, Retico A, Roberts G, Rossell S, Rovaris DL, Rubia K, Sacchet M, Salavert J, Salvador R, Sarró S, Sawa A, Schall U, Scott R, Selvaggi P, Silk T, Sim K, Skoch A, Spalletta G, Spaniel F, Stein DJ, Steinsträter O, Stolicyn A, Takayanagi Y, Tamm L, Tavares M, Teumer A, Thiel K, Thomopoulos SI, Tomecek D, Tomyshev AS, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Tosetti M, Uhlmann A, Van Rheenen T, Vazquez-Bourgón J, Vernooij MW, Vieta E, Vilarroya O, Weickert C, Weickert T, Westlye LT, Whalley H, Willinger D, Winter A, Wittfeld K, Yang TT, Yoncheva Y, Zijlmans JL, Hoogman M, Franke B, van Rooij D, Buitelaar J, Ching CRK, Andreassen OA, Pozzi E, Veltman D, Schmaal L, van Erp TGM, Turner J, Castellanos FX, Pausova Z, Thompson P, Paus T. Virtual Ontogeny of Cortical Growth Preceding Mental Illness. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:299-313. [PMID: 35489875 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphology of the human cerebral cortex differs across psychiatric disorders, with neurobiology and developmental origins mostly undetermined. Deviations in the tangential growth of the cerebral cortex during pre/perinatal periods may be reflected in individual variations in cortical surface area later in life. METHODS Interregional profiles of group differences in surface area between cases and controls were generated using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging from 27,359 individuals including those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and high general psychopathology (through the Child Behavior Checklist). Similarity of interregional profiles of group differences in surface area and prenatal cell-specific gene expression was assessed. RESULTS Across the 11 cortical regions, group differences in cortical area for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and Child Behavior Checklist were dominant in multimodal association cortices. The same interregional profiles were also associated with interregional profiles of (prenatal) gene expression specific to proliferative cells, namely radial glia and intermediate progenitor cells (greater expression, larger difference), as well as differentiated cells, namely excitatory neurons and endothelial and mural cells (greater expression, smaller difference). Finally, these cell types were implicated in known pre/perinatal risk factors for psychosis. Genes coexpressed with radial glia were enriched with genes implicated in congenital abnormalities, birth weight, hypoxia, and starvation. Genes coexpressed with endothelial and mural genes were enriched with genes associated with maternal hypertension and preterm birth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a neurodevelopmental model of vulnerability to mental illness whereby prenatal risk factors acting through cell-specific processes lead to deviations from typical brain development during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Patel
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christoph Abé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Clara Alloza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonia Ambrogi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda A Antonucci
- Departments of Education Science, Psychology, Communication Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Volker Arolt
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Guillaume Auzias
- National Centre for Scientific Research, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cibele Bandeira
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Zeynep Başgöze
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Claiton H D Bau
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jochen Bauer
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabio Bernardoni
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Del Mar Bonnin
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Silvia Brem
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Robin Bülow
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Juan R Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosa Calvo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Dara M Cannon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Lab, Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics, Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Susanna Carmona
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Stanley V Catts
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sneha Chenji
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qian Hui Chew
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Coghill
- Department of Paediatrics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Colm G Connolly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Annette Conzelmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander R Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, CIBERSAM, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Kathryn Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christine Deruelle
- National Centre for Scientific Research, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Katharina Dohm
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Jeffery Epstein
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tracy Erwin-Grabner
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Jennifer Fedor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacqueline Fitzgerald
- Trinity Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Judith M Ford
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Lydia Fortea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Lisa Furlong
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bingchen Gao
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Si Gao
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jose M Goikolea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ian Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Roberto Goya-Maldonado
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Eugenio H Grevet
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Walter Heindel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frans Henskens
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dirk J Heslenfeld
- Experimental and Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Hilland
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathalie Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fleur M Howells
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan C Ipser
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Babette Jakobi
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Core Facility Brain imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Joost Janssen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rune Jonassen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Kaiser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - James Karantonis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Joseph A King
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry, Marburg University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sheri-Michelle Koopowitz
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mikael Landén
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Stephen Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank P MacMaster
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luigi A Maglanoc
- Department for Data Capture and Collections Management, University Center for Information Technology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Colm McDonald
- Galway Neuroscience Centre, Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics, Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Patricia T Michie
- School of Psychology, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Ana Moreno-Alcázar
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bryan Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Clinical Neuroimaging Lab, Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics, Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mara Parellada
- School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose C Pariente
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging core facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Piarulli
- Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Felipe Picon
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Clara Pretus
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, CIBERSAM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul E Rasser
- Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt-Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Susan Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diego Luiz Rovaris
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katya Rubia
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Sacchet
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Josep Salavert
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Akira Sawa
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ulrich Schall
- Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pierluigi Selvaggi
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Tim Silk
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonin Skoch
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Rome, Italy
| | - Filip Spaniel
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Olaf Steinsträter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Aleks Stolicyn
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Leanne Tamm
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Maria Tavares
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - David Tomecek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | | | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Michela Tosetti
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Magnetic Resonance, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Tamsyn Van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Javier Vazquez-Bourgón
- Department of Psychiatry, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Vilarroya
- Department of Psychiatry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Cynthia Weickert
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heather Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Willinger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Winter
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tony T Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Jendé L Zijlmans
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elena Pozzi
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dick Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | | | | | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Tomas Paus
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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13
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Guiducci L, Vassalle C, Prosperi M, Santocchi E, Morales MA, Muratori F, Calderoni S. Vitamin D Status in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Determinants and Effects of the Response to Probiotic Supplementation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070611. [PMID: 35888736 PMCID: PMC9317442 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A relationship between the presence of clinical symptoms and gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances associated with nutritional deficiencies, including vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency, has been observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim was to evaluate 25(OH)D levels according to the annual rhythm cycle, gender, the severity of autism, nutritional or clinical status, inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers, GI symptoms, and the clinical response to probiotic/placebo supplementation in preschooler children with ASD. Eighty-one ASD preschoolers (67 males) were assessed with standardized tools for ASD severity (ADOS score) and GI symptoms (by GI-Index at six-items and at nine-items, the latter defined as the Total GI-Index). The 25(OH)D levels were compared among different ASD subgroups according to metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers (leptin, insulin, resistin, PAI-1, MCP-1, TNF-alfa, and IL-6), gender, and the presence or absence of: (i) GI symptoms, (ii) the response to probiotic supplementation (the improvement of GI symptomatology), (iii) the response to probiotic supplementation (improvement of ASD severity). Only 25% of the ASD children presented an adequate 25(OH)D status (≥30 ng/mL according to the Endocrine Society guidelines). All the 25(OH)D levels falling in the severe deficiency range (<10 ng/mL) were observed in the male subgroup. A significant inverse correlation between 25(OH)D and leptin was observed (R = −0.24, p = 0.037). An inverse correlation was found between 25(OH)D levels and the GI Index 6-Items and Total GI-Index (R = −0.25, p = 0.026; −0.27, = 0.009) and a direct relationship with the probiotic response (R = 0.4, p = 0.05). The monitoring of 25(OH)D levels and the co-administration of 25(OH)D and probiotic supplementation could be considered in ASD from early ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Guiducci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Cristina Vassalle
- Fondazione CNR-Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Margherita Prosperi
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (F.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Elisa Santocchi
- UFSMIA Zona Valle del Serchio, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, 55032 Castelnuovo di Garfagnana, Italy;
| | | | - Filippo Muratori
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (F.M.); (S.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (F.M.); (S.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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14
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Sha Z, van Rooij D, Anagnostou E, Arango C, Auzias G, Behrmann M, Bernhardt B, Bolte S, Busatto GF, Calderoni S, Calvo R, Daly E, Deruelle C, Duan M, Duran FLS, Durston S, Ecker C, Ehrlich S, Fair D, Fedor J, Fitzgerald J, Floris DL, Franke B, Freitag CM, Gallagher L, Glahn DC, Haar S, Hoekstra L, Jahanshad N, Jalbrzikowski M, Janssen J, King JA, Lazaro L, Luna B, McGrath J, Medland SE, Muratori F, Murphy DGM, Neufeld J, O'Hearn K, Oranje B, Parellada M, Pariente JC, Postema MC, Remnelius KL, Retico A, Rosa PGP, Rubia K, Shook D, Tammimies K, Taylor MJ, Tosetti M, Wallace GL, Zhou F, Thompson PM, Fisher SE, Buitelaar JK, Francks C. Subtly altered topological asymmetry of brain structural covariance networks in autism spectrum disorder across 43 datasets from the ENIGMA consortium. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2114-2125. [PMID: 35136228 PMCID: PMC9126820 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Small average differences in the left-right asymmetry of cerebral cortical thickness have been reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developing controls, affecting widespread cortical regions. The possible impacts of these regional alterations in terms of structural network effects have not previously been characterized. Inter-regional morphological covariance analysis can capture network connectivity between different cortical areas at the macroscale level. Here, we used cortical thickness data from 1455 individuals with ASD and 1560 controls, across 43 independent datasets of the ENIGMA consortium's ASD Working Group, to assess hemispheric asymmetries of intra-individual structural covariance networks, using graph theory-based topological metrics. Compared with typical features of small-world architecture in controls, the ASD sample showed significantly altered average asymmetry of networks involving the fusiform, rostral middle frontal, and medial orbitofrontal cortex, involving higher randomization of the corresponding right-hemispheric networks in ASD. A network involving the superior frontal cortex showed decreased right-hemisphere randomization. Based on comparisons with meta-analyzed functional neuroimaging data, the altered connectivity asymmetry particularly affected networks that subserve executive functions, language-related and sensorimotor processes. These findings provide a network-level characterization of altered left-right brain asymmetry in ASD, based on a large combined sample. Altered asymmetrical brain development in ASD may be partly propagated among spatially distant regions through structural connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Sha
- Department of Language & Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Celso Arango
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Gregorio Maran General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillaume Auzias
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Universit, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Marlene Behrmann
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Boris Bernhardt
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sven Bolte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Geraldo F Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sara Calderoni
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosa Calvo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Hospital Clinic, Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, 2017SGR881, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eileen Daly
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christine Deruelle
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Universit, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Meiyu Duan
- BioKnow Health Informatics Lab, College of Computer Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Fabio Luis Souza Duran
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sarah Durston
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Ecker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- The Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Damien Fair
- Institute of Child Development, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Institute of the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer Fedor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- The Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dorothea L Floris
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- The Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115-5724, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Shlomi Haar
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Liesbeth Hoekstra
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joost Janssen
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Gregorio Maran General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joseph A King
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luisa Lazaro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Hospital Clinic, Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, 2017SGR881, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jane McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- The Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Filippo Muratori
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Declan G M Murphy
- The Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley Foundation NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Janina Neufeld
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsten O'Hearn
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Bob Oranje
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mara Parellada
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Gregorio Maran General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose C Pariente
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Merel C Postema
- Department of Language & Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Lundin Remnelius
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Retico
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Pisa Division, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pedro Gomes Penteado Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Katya Rubia
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Devon Shook
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristiina Tammimies
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Region, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Womens and Childrens Health, Karolinska Institutet and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Gregory L Wallace
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fengfeng Zhou
- BioKnow Health Informatics Lab, College of Computer Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Department of Language & Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Clyde Francks
- Department of Language & Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Conti E, Scaffei E, Bosetti C, Marchi V, Costanzo V, Dell’Oste V, Mazziotti R, Dell’Osso L, Carmassi C, Muratori F, Baroncelli L, Calderoni S, Battini R. Looking for “fNIRS Signature” in Autism Spectrum: A Systematic Review Starting From Preschoolers. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:785993. [PMID: 35341016 PMCID: PMC8948464 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.785993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) can provide an essential bridge between our current understanding of neural circuit organization and cortical activity in the developing brain. Indeed, fNIRS allows studying brain functions through the measurement of neurovascular coupling that links neural activity to subsequent changes in cerebral blood flow and hemoglobin oxygenation levels. While the literature offers a multitude of fNIRS applications to typical development, only recently this tool has been extended to the study of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The exponential rise of scientific publications on this topic during the last years reflects the interest to identify a “fNIRS signature” as a biomarker of high translational value to support both early clinical diagnosis and treatment outcome. The purpose of this systematic review is to describe the updating clinical applications of fNIRS in NDDs, with a specific focus on preschool population. Starting from this rationale, a systematic search was conducted for relevant studies in different scientific databases (Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science) resulting in 13 published articles. In these studies, fNIRS was applied in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or infants at high risk of developing ASD. Both functional connectivity in resting-state conditions and task-evoked brain activation using multiple experimental paradigms were used in the selected investigations, suggesting that fNIRS might be considered a promising method for identifying early quantitative biomarkers in the autism field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Conti
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Scaffei
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elena Scaffei,
| | - Chiara Bosetti
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Viviana Marchi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Costanzo
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Dell’Oste
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaele Mazziotti
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Liliana Dell’Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Baroncelli
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Battini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Levantini V, Muratori P, Calderoni S, Inguaggiato E, Masi G, Milone A, Tonacci A, Billeci L. Parenting practices moderate the link between attention to the eyes and callous unemotional traits in children with Disruptive Behavior Disorder: An eye-tracking study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 146:272-278. [PMID: 34776250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are associated with gaze pattern deficits in youths, though it has not yet been explored if environmental factors could influence this relationship. Since parenting can influence both CU traits and children's emotion processing, the current study sought to test whether parenting moderated the relation between gaze pattern deficits and CU traits in a sample of children with Disruptive Behavior Disorder. The sample included 92 boys (aged 7-12 years) with Conduct Disorder (N = 12) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (N = 80). All children completed a task, during which they were presented with 24 images depicting happy, sad, fearful, disgusted, angry, and neutral facial expressions. Gaze pattern has been recorded throughout the task with an eye-tracker. Positive parenting moderated the association between CU traits and first fixation duration to the eyes of facial expressions depicting negative emotions. Negative parenting moderated the association between CU traits and fixation count and fixation duration to the eyes of negative emotions. Negative parenting along with reduced attention to emotional cues (i.e., eyes) may identify a group of youths with Disruptive Behavior Disorder diagnosis at risk for severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Levantini
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Muratori
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Sara Calderoni
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Inguaggiato
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annarita Milone
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Billeci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, CNR, Pisa, Italy
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Gallo R, Stoccoro A, Cagiano R, Nicolì V, Ricciardi R, Tancredi R, Trovato R, Santorelli FM, Calderoni S, Muratori F, Migliore L, Coppedè F. Correlation among maternal risk factors, gene methylation and disease severity in females with autism spectrum disorder. Epigenomics 2022; 14:175-185. [PMID: 35081728 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To detect early-life environmental factors leading to DNA methylation changes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-related genes in young ASD females and reveal epigenetic biomarkers of disease severity. Materials & methods: We investigated blood methylation levels of MECP2, OXTR, BDNF, RELN, BCL2, EN2 and HTR1A genes in 42 ASD females. Results: Maternal gestational weight gain correlated with BDNF methylation levels (Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.034), and lack of folic acid supplementation at periconception resulted in higher disease severity in the ASD children (Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.048). RELN methylation levels were inversely correlated with disease severity (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.042). Conclusion: The present study revealed gene-environment interactions and potential epigenetic biomarkers of disease severity in ASD females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Gallo
- Department of Translational Research & of New Surgical & Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Andrea Stoccoro
- Department of Translational Research & of New Surgical & Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Romina Cagiano
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, Pisa, 56128, Italy
| | - Vanessa Nicolì
- Department of Translational Research & of New Surgical & Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Rosanna Ricciardi
- Department of Translational Research & of New Surgical & Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | | | - Rosanna Trovato
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, Pisa, 56128, Italy
| | | | - Sara Calderoni
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, Pisa, 56128, Italy.,Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Filippo Muratori
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, Pisa, 56128, Italy.,Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Lucia Migliore
- Department of Translational Research & of New Surgical & Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research & of New Surgical & Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, Pisa, 56126, Italy
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18
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Prosperi M, Santocchi E, Guiducci L, Frinzi J, Morales MA, Tancredi R, Muratori F, Calderoni S. Interventions on Microbiota: Where Do We Stand on a Gut–Brain Link in Autism? A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030462. [PMID: 35276821 PMCID: PMC8839651 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The alteration of the microbiota–gut–brain axis has been recently recognized as a critical modulator of neuropsychiatric health and a possible factor in the etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This systematic review offers practitioners an overview of the potential therapeutic options to modify dysbiosis, GI symptoms, and ASD severity by modulating the microbiota–gut–brain axis in ASD, taking into consideration limits and benefits from current findings. Comprehensive searches of PubMed, Scopus, the Web of Science Core Collection, and EMBASE were performed from 2000 to 2021, crossing terms referred to ASD and treatments acting on the microbiota–gut–brain axis. A total of 1769 publications were identified, of which 19 articles met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers using a preconstructed form. Despite the encouraging findings, considering the variability of the treatments, the samples size, the duration of treatment, and the tools used to evaluate the outcome of the examined trials, these results are still partial. They do not allow to establish a conclusive beneficial effect of probiotics and other interventions on the symptoms of ASD. In particular, the optimal species, subspecies, and dosages have yet to be identified. Considering the heterogeneity of ASD, double-blind, randomized, controlled trials and treatment tailored to ASD characteristics and host-microbiota are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Prosperi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Calambrone, Italy; (M.P.); (J.F.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Elisa Santocchi
- UFSMIA Zona Valle del Serchio, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, 55032 Località Castelnuovo Garfagnana, Italy;
| | - Letizia Guiducci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Jacopo Frinzi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Calambrone, Italy; (M.P.); (J.F.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Maria Aurora Morales
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Calambrone, Italy; (M.P.); (J.F.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Calambrone, Italy; (M.P.); (J.F.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Calambrone, Italy; (M.P.); (J.F.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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19
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Calderoni S. Sex/gender differences in children with autism spectrum disorder: A brief overview on epidemiology, symptom profile, and neuroanatomy. J Neurosci Res 2022; 101:739-750. [PMID: 35043482 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental conditions whose shared core features are impairments in social interaction and communication as well as restricted patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. The significant and consistent male preponderance in ASD prevalence has historically affected the scientific knowledge of autism in females as regards, inter alia, the clinical presentation, the genetic architecture, and the structural brain underpinnings. Indeed, females with ASD are under-investigated as samples recruited for clinical research typically reflect the strong male bias of the disorder. In the last years, the study of the various aspects of sex/gender (s/g) differences in ASD is gaining increased clinical and research interest resulting in a growing number of investigations on this topic. Here, I review and discuss evidence emerged from epidemiological, clinical, and neuroimaging studies in the last decade focusing on s/g differences in children with ASD. These studies are the prerequisites for the development of assessment and treatment practices which take into consideration s/g differences in ASD. Ultimately, a better understanding of s/g differences aims at improving healthcare for both ASD males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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20
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Saponaro S, Giuliano A, Bellotti R, Lombardi A, Tangaro S, Oliva P, Calderoni S, Retico A. Multi-site harmonization of MRI data uncovers machine-learning discrimination capability in barely separable populations: An example from the ABIDE dataset. NeuroImage: Clinical 2022; 35:103082. [PMID: 35700598 PMCID: PMC9198380 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-site MRI data encode confounding information which may mask case-control differences. The impact of the NeuroHarmonize method is evaluated in the ASD-control classification. We verified the successful removal of the site effect by the harmonization protocol. The increment in the classification performance is quantified after data harmonization. We identified the anatomical features that contributed to the two-class separation.
Machine Learning (ML) techniques have been widely used in Neuroimaging studies of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) both to identify possible brain alterations related to this condition and to evaluate the predictive power of brain imaging modalities. The collection and public sharing of large imaging samples has favored an even greater diffusion of the use of ML-based analyses. However, multi-center data collections may suffer the batch effect, which, especially in case of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies, should be curated to avoid confounding effects for ML classifiers and masking biases. This is particularly important in the study of barely separable populations according to MRI data, such as subjects with ASD compared to controls with typical development (TD). Here, we show how the implementation of a harmo- nization protocol on brain structural features unlocks the case-control ML separation capability in the analysis of a multi-center MRI dataset. This effect is demonstrated on the ABIDE data collection, involving subjects encompassing a wide age range. After data harmonization, the overall ASD vs. TD discrimination capability by a Random Forest (RF) classifier improves from a very low performance (AUC = 0.58 ± 0.04) to a still low, but reasonably significant AUC = 0.67 ± 0.03. The performances of the RF classifier have been evaluated also in the age-specific subgroups of children, adolescents and adults, obtaining AUC = 0.62 ± 0.02, AUC = 0.65 ± 0.03 and AUC = 0.69 ± 0.06, respectively. Specific and consistent patterns of anatomical differences related to the ASD condition have been identified for the three different age subgroups.
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21
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Hoogman M, van Rooij D, Klein M, Boedhoe P, Ilioska I, Li T, Patel Y, Postema MC, Zhang‐James Y, Anagnostou E, Arango C, Auzias G, Banaschewski T, Bau CHD, Behrmann M, Bellgrove MA, Brandeis D, Brem S, Busatto GF, Calderoni S, Calvo R, Castellanos FX, Coghill D, Conzelmann A, Daly E, Deruelle C, Dinstein I, Durston S, Ecker C, Ehrlich S, Epstein JN, Fair DA, Fitzgerald J, Freitag CM, Frodl T, Gallagher L, Grevet EH, Haavik J, Hoekstra PJ, Janssen J, Karkashadze G, King JA, Konrad K, Kuntsi J, Lazaro L, Lerch JP, Lesch K, Louza MR, Luna B, Mattos P, McGrath J, Muratori F, Murphy C, Nigg JT, Oberwelland‐Weiss E, O'Gorman Tuura RL, O'Hearn K, Oosterlaan J, Parellada M, Pauli P, Plessen KJ, Ramos‐Quiroga JA, Reif A, Reneman L, Retico A, Rosa PGP, Rubia K, Shaw P, Silk TJ, Tamm L, Vilarroya O, Walitza S, Jahanshad N, Faraone SV, Francks C, van den Heuvel OA, Paus T, Thompson PM, Buitelaar JK, Franke B. Consortium neuroscience of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: The ENIGMA adventure. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:37-55. [PMID: 32420680 PMCID: PMC8675410 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging has been extensively used to study brain structure and function in individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) over the past decades. Two of the main shortcomings of the neuroimaging literature of these disorders are the small sample sizes employed and the heterogeneity of methods used. In 2013 and 2014, the ENIGMA-ADHD and ENIGMA-ASD working groups were respectively, founded with a common goal to address these limitations. Here, we provide a narrative review of the thus far completed and still ongoing projects of these working groups. Due to an implicitly hierarchical psychiatric diagnostic classification system, the fields of ADHD and ASD have developed largely in isolation, despite the considerable overlap in the occurrence of the disorders. The collaboration between the ENIGMA-ADHD and -ASD working groups seeks to bring the neuroimaging efforts of the two disorders closer together. The outcomes of case-control studies of subcortical and cortical structures showed that subcortical volumes are similarly affected in ASD and ADHD, albeit with small effect sizes. Cortical analyses identified unique differences in each disorder, but also considerable overlap between the two, specifically in cortical thickness. Ongoing work is examining alternative research questions, such as brain laterality, prediction of case-control status, and anatomical heterogeneity. In brief, great strides have been made toward fulfilling the aims of the ENIGMA collaborations, while new ideas and follow-up analyses continue that include more imaging modalities (diffusion MRI and resting-state functional MRI), collaborations with other large databases, and samples with dual diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain CenterUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Premika Boedhoe
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & NeurosciencesAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Iva Ilioska
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Yash Patel
- Bloorview Research InstituteHolland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Merel C. Postema
- Department of Language & GeneticsMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Yanli Zhang‐James
- Department of Psychiatry and behavioral sciencesSUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Department of Pediatrics University of TorontoHolland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAMMadridSpain
- School of Medicine, Universidad ComplutenseMadridSpain
| | | | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCentral Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Claiton H. D. Bau
- Department of Genetics, Institute of BiosciencesUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Adulthood ADHD Outpatient Program (ProDAH), Clinical Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreBrazil
- Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Marlene Behrmann
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience InstituteCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Mark A. Bellgrove
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCentral Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPsychiatric Hospital, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- The Neuroscience Center ZurichUniversity of Zurich and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Silvia Brem
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPsychiatric Hospital, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- The Neuroscience Center ZurichUniversity of Zurich and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Geraldo F. Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM‐21), Departamento e Instituto de PsiquiatriaHospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental NeuroscienceIRCCS Fondazione Stella MarisPisaItaly
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychologyHospital ClínicBarcelonaSpain
| | - Rosa Calvo
- IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryHassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU LangoneNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Francisco X. Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryHassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU LangoneNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
| | - David Coghill
- Department of Paediatrics and PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Annette Conzelmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyUniversity Hospital of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyTübingenGermany
- PFH – Private University of Applied Sciences, Department of Psychology (Clinical Psychology II)GöttingenGermany
| | - Eileen Daly
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental ScienceInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Ilan Dinstein
- Department of PsychologyBen Gurion UniversityBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Sarah Durston
- NICHE lab, Deptartment of PsychiatryUMC Utrecht Brain CenterUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Christine Ecker
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental ScienceInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyAutism Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of MedicineTechnischen Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Center at the Dept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineTechnischen Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Jeffery N. Epstein
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical PsychologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Department of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Damien A. Fair
- Department of PsychiatryOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
- Department of Behavioral NeuroscienceOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | | | - Christine M. Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyAutism Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyOtto von Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE)MagdeburgGermany
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Eugenio H. Grevet
- Adulthood ADHD Outpatient Program (ProDAH), Clinical Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreBrazil
- Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research CenterHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreBrazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical ScienceUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Jan Haavik
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Division of PsychiatryHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Joost Janssen
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAMMadridSpain
| | - Georgii Karkashadze
- Scientific research institute of Pediatrics and child health of Central clinical Hospital RAoSMoscowRussia
| | - Joseph A. King
- Division of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of MedicineTechnischen Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology SectionUniversity Hospital RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- JARA Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM‐11), Institute for Neuroscience and MedicineResearch Center JülichJulichGermany
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Luisa Lazaro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychologyHospital ClínicBarcelonaSpain
- IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department for Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordUK
- The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Klaus‐Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental HealthUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Laboratory of Psychiatric NeurobiologyInstitute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Mario R. Louza
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Paulo Mattos
- D'Or Institute for Research and EducationRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Jane McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental NeuroscienceIRCCS Fondazione Stella MarisPisaItaly
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Clodagh Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental ScienceInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Joel T. Nigg
- Department of PsychiatryOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
- Department of Behavioral NeuroscienceOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Eileen Oberwelland‐Weiss
- JARA Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM‐11), Institute for Neuroscience and MedicineResearch Center JülichJulichGermany
- Translational Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent PsychiatryUniversity Hospital RWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Ruth L. O'Gorman Tuura
- Center for MR ResearchUniversity Children's HospitalZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP)ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Kirsten O'Hearn
- Department of physiology and pharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Clinical Neuropsychology SectionVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mara Parellada
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAMMadridSpain
- School of MedicineUniversidad ComplutenseMadridSpain
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Biological PsychologyClinical Psychology and PsychotherapyWürzburgGermany
| | - Kerstin J. Plessen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health CentreCopenhagenDenmark
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of PsychiatryUniversity Hospital LausanneSwitzerland
| | - J. Antoni Ramos‐Quiroga
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of PsychiatryHospital Universitari Vall d'HebronBarcelonaSpain
- Group of Psychiatry, Addictions and Mental HealthVall d'Hebron Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic MedicineUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyUniversity Hospital FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Brain Imaging CenterAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Pedro G. P. Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM‐21), Departamento e Instituto de PsiquiatriaHospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Philip Shaw
- National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMarylandUSA
- National Institute of Mental HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Tim J. Silk
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Deakin UniversitySchool of PsychologyGeelongAustralia
| | - Leanne Tamm
- Department of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
- College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Oscar Vilarroya
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic MedicineUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPsychiatric Hospital, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- The Neuroscience Center ZurichUniversity of Zurich and ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics CenterStevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USCMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Department of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and PhysiologySUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Clyde Francks
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Language & GeneticsMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Odile A. van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & NeurosciencesAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research InstituteHolland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Departments of Psychology & PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics CenterStevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USCMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Karakter child and adolescent psychiatry University CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
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Raspini B, Prosperi M, Guiducci L, Santocchi E, Tancredi R, Calderoni S, Morales MA, Morelli M, Simione M, Fiechtner L, Muratori F, Cena H. Dietary Patterns and Weight Status in Italian Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Children. Nutrients 2021; 13:4039. [PMID: 34836294 PMCID: PMC8617730 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical eating habits are more common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than typically developing (TD) peers. Feeding problems may lead to the double burden of specific nutrient deficiencies and excessive weight gain, with a consequent increase in obesity prevalence. The dietary intake of Italian preschoolers with ASD compared to their TD peers and the impact of their dietary choices on their weight status and relationship to food selectivity (FS) were investigated. Dietary patterns and their associations with body mass index (BMI) were evaluated in 65 children with ASD and 82 peers with TD aged 1.3-6.4 years. Eating habits were assessed with a modified version of a parent-rated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Moreover, the prevalence of FS and possible links with dietary patterns and BMI were investigated in the ASD group. Children with ASD consumed significantly higher amounts of simple sugars, processed and ultra-processed carbohydrates, both low- and high-fat animal proteins, and lower amounts of vegetables and fruits compared to peers with TD. The obesity rate was 1.5% in children with TD and more than fourfold (6.2%) in children with ASD, although the difference between groups was not statistically significant. FS was significantly more frequent in children with ASD than in peers with TD. Children with ASD and FS showed significantly lower annual intakes of vegetable proteins and fiber (considered essential nutrients for a healthy diet) than children with ASD without FS. Our results showed that children with ASD showed different dietary habits than those with TD, with the higher consumption of energy-dense foods and lower amounts of food-sourced fibers, which could place them at increased risk to develop overweight, obesity, and micronutrient deficiencies later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Raspini
- Department of Public Health, Neurosciences, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, University of Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi, 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Margherita Prosperi
- Developmental Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Guiducci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Santocchi
- Developmental Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- Developmental Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Developmental Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Aurora Morales
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariangela Morelli
- Department of Public Health, Neurosciences, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, University of Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi, 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Meg Simione
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lauren Fiechtner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Developmental Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Department of Public Health, Neurosciences, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, University of Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi, 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Via S. Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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23
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Prosperi M, Santocchi E, Brunori E, Cosenza A, Tancredi R, Muratori F, Calderoni S. Prevalence and Clinical Features of Celiac Disease in a Cohort of Italian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093046. [PMID: 34578922 PMCID: PMC8468707 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental conditions whose etiopathogenesis derives from a complex interaction between genetic liability and environmental factors. In this framework, mounting evidence suggests that immune system dysfunction could be a risk factor contributing to the development of ASD in at least a subpopulation of individuals. In particular, some studies suggest an association between celiac disease (CD)—a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the small intestine triggered by the ingestion of gluten—and ASD, while others hypothesized a random link. This investigation aimed to evaluate the prevalence of CD in a large sample of school-aged children with ASD and to characterize their clinical profile. Methods: Medical records of 405 children with ASD aged 5–11 years (mean age: 7.2 years; SD: 1.8 years) consecutively referred to a tertiary-care university hospital between January 2014 and December 2018 were reviewed; among them, 362 had carried out serological testing for CD. Results: Nine patients with positive CD serology were identified, eight of which satisfied the criteria for CD diagnosis. The estimated CD prevalence in ASD children was 2.18% (95% CI, 0.8–3.7), which was not statistically different (1.58%; p = 0.36) from that of an Italian population, matched for age range, considered as a control group (95% CI, 1.26–1.90). Three out of the eight ASD patients with CD did not have any symptoms suggestive of CD. Conclusions: Our findings did not show a higher prevalence of CD in ASD children than in the control population, but could suggest the utility of routine CD screening, given its frequent atypical clinical presentation in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Prosperi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.B.); (A.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Santocchi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.B.); (A.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Elena Brunori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.B.); (A.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Angela Cosenza
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.B.); (A.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.B.); (A.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.B.); (A.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.B.); (A.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050886323; Fax: +39-050886200
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24
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Abstract
This paper aims to propose that the psychiatrist George Frankl had more than a marginal role in the early history of autism. Frankl's conception of autism as characterized by a lack of affective language has influenced both Asperger and Kanner. First, this proposal is historically supported; second it is corroborated by Frankl's unpublished manuscript on Autism. We found that Frankl's perspective about autism was, and still can be, considered innovative for multiple reasons. Specifically, Frankl proposed that autism could cover a spectrum of conditions; that it is a state of mind that is not necessarily abnormal; and that it is a neurobiological condition, which primarily needs to be understood by others. Finally, Frankl's concepts of affective contact and affective language are reconsidered with reference to contemporary neuropsychology from which autism emerges not as a higher-order cognitive deficit, but as a result of an impairment of primordial ability to process low level sensory, motor and perceptual information gained through experiencing other persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Valeria Bizzari
- Center of Psychosocial Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Clinic University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Prosperi M, Turi M, Guerrera S, Napoli E, Tancredi R, Igliozzi R, Apicella F, Valeri G, Lattarulo C, Gemma A, Santocchi E, Calderoni S, Muratori F, Vicari S. Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Investigation on Core Symptoms and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Preschoolers. Front Integr Neurosci 2021; 14:594082. [PMID: 33584212 PMCID: PMC7876072 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2020.594082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings regarding sex differences in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as far as core symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities (PC) are concerned, are inconsistent, inconclusive, or conflicting among studies. The lower prevalence of ASD in females than in males and the age and intelligence quotient (IQ) heterogeneity among samples made it difficult to investigate these differences. This case–control study tries to deepen the impact of sex differences on core symptoms of autism and PC in 214 preschoolers with ASD (mean age, 45.26) without impairment in non-verbal IQ (nvIQ ≥70). A total of 107 ASD females (mean age, 44.51 ± 13.79 months) were matched one by one with 107 males (mean age, 46.01 ± 13.42 months) for chronological age (±6 months) and nvIQ (±6 points). We used the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule 2 (ADOS-2) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) 1.5–5 to explore autism severity and PC. The results highlight that ASD females did not significantly differ from ASD males regarding the severity of autism. Statistically significant lower levels of emotionally reactive (p = 0.005, η2 = 0.04), anxious-depressed (p = 0.001, η2 = 0.05), internalizing problems (p = 0.04, η2 = 0.02), and DSM-Oriented Scales anxiety problems (p = 0.02, η2 = 0.04) in ASD females than in ASD males were also detected. Our findings of no difference in the autism severity and lower internalizing problems in females than males with ASD extend the knowledge of autism in females during preschool years. Compared to other similar studies on this topic, we can state that these results are not supported by differences in nvIQ between sexes nor by the presence of cognitive impairment. It confirms the need for clinicians to consider sex differences when describing autism psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Prosperi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Turi
- Fondazione Stella Maris Mediterraneo, Potenza, Italy
| | - Silvia Guerrera
- Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Igliozzi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Apicella
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Valeri
- Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Gemma
- Fondazione Stella Maris Mediterraneo, Potenza, Italy
| | - Elisa Santocchi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Institute of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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26
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Patel Y, Parker N, Shin J, Howard D, French L, Thomopoulos SI, Pozzi E, Abe Y, Abé C, Anticevic A, Alda M, Aleman A, Alloza C, Alonso-Lana S, Ameis SH, Anagnostou E, McIntosh AA, Arango C, Arnold PD, Asherson P, Assogna F, Auzias G, Ayesa-Arriola R, Bakker G, Banaj N, Banaschewski T, Bandeira CE, Baranov A, Bargalló N, Bau CHD, Baumeister S, Baune BT, Bellgrove MA, Benedetti F, Bertolino A, Boedhoe PSW, Boks M, Bollettini I, Del Mar Bonnin C, Borgers T, Borgwardt S, Brandeis D, Brennan BP, Bruggemann JM, Bülow R, Busatto GF, Calderoni S, Calhoun VD, Calvo R, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Cannon DM, Carr VJ, Cascella N, Cercignani M, Chaim-Avancini TM, Christakou A, Coghill D, Conzelmann A, Crespo-Facorro B, Cubillo AI, Cullen KR, Cupertino RB, Daly E, Dannlowski U, Davey CG, Denys D, Deruelle C, Di Giorgio A, Dickie EW, Dima D, Dohm K, Ehrlich S, Ely BA, Erwin-Grabner T, Ethofer T, Fair DA, Fallgatter AJ, Faraone SV, Fatjó-Vilas M, Fedor JM, Fitzgerald KD, Ford JM, Frodl T, Fu CHY, Fullerton JM, Gabel MC, Glahn DC, Roberts G, Gogberashvili T, Goikolea JM, Gotlib IH, Goya-Maldonado R, Grabe HJ, Green MJ, Grevet EH, Groenewold NA, Grotegerd D, Gruber O, Gruner P, Guerrero-Pedraza A, Gur RE, Gur RC, Haar S, Haarman BCM, Haavik J, Hahn T, Hajek T, Harrison BJ, Harrison NA, Hartman CA, Whalley HC, Heslenfeld DJ, Hibar DP, Hilland E, Hirano Y, Ho TC, Hoekstra PJ, Hoekstra L, Hohmann S, Hong LE, Höschl C, Høvik MF, Howells FM, Nenadic I, Jalbrzikowski M, James AC, Janssen J, Jaspers-Fayer F, Xu J, Jonassen R, Karkashadze G, King JA, Kircher T, Kirschner M, Koch K, Kochunov P, Kohls G, Konrad K, Krämer B, Krug A, Kuntsi J, Kwon JS, Landén M, Landrø NI, Lazaro L, Lebedeva IS, Leehr EJ, Lera-Miguel S, Lesch KP, Lochner C, Louza MR, Luna B, Lundervold AJ, MacMaster FP, Maglanoc LA, Malpas CB, Portella MJ, Marsh R, Martyn FM, Mataix-Cols D, Mathalon DH, McCarthy H, McDonald C, McPhilemy G, Meinert S, Menchón JM, Minuzzi L, Mitchell PB, Moreno C, Morgado P, Muratori F, Murphy CM, Murphy D, Mwangi B, Nabulsi L, Nakagawa A, Nakamae T, Namazova L, Narayanaswamy J, Jahanshad N, Nguyen DD, Nicolau R, O'Gorman Tuura RL, O'Hearn K, Oosterlaan J, Opel N, Ophoff RA, Oranje B, García de la Foz VO, Overs BJ, Paloyelis Y, Pantelis C, Parellada M, Pauli P, Picó-Pérez M, Picon FA, Piras F, Piras F, Plessen KJ, Pomarol-Clotet E, Preda A, Puig O, Quidé Y, Radua J, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Rasser PE, Rauer L, Reddy J, Redlich R, Reif A, Reneman L, Repple J, Retico A, Richarte V, Richter A, Rosa PGP, Rubia KK, Hashimoto R, Sacchet MD, Salvador R, Santonja J, Sarink K, Sarró S, Satterthwaite TD, Sawa A, Schall U, Schofield PR, Schrantee A, Seitz J, Serpa MH, Setién-Suero E, Shaw P, Shook D, Silk TJ, Sim K, Simon S, Simpson HB, Singh A, Skoch A, Skokauskas N, Soares JC, Soreni N, Soriano-Mas C, Spalletta G, Spaniel F, Lawrie SM, Stern ER, Stewart SE, Takayanagi Y, Temmingh HS, Tolin DF, Tomecek D, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Tosetti M, Uhlmann A, van Amelsvoort T, van der Wee NJA, van der Werff SJA, van Haren NEM, van Wingen GA, Vance A, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Vecchio D, Venkatasubramanian G, Vieta E, Vilarroya O, Vives-Gilabert Y, Voineskos AN, Völzke H, von Polier GG, Walton E, Weickert TW, Weickert CS, Weideman AS, Wittfeld K, Wolf DH, Wu MJ, Yang TT, Yang K, Yoncheva Y, Yun JY, Cheng Y, Zanetti MV, Ziegler GC, Franke B, Hoogman M, Buitelaar JK, van Rooij D, Andreassen OA, Ching CRK, Veltman DJ, Schmaal L, Stein DJ, van den Heuvel OA, Turner JA, van Erp TGM, Pausova Z, Thompson PM, Paus T. Virtual Histology of Cortical Thickness and Shared Neurobiology in 6 Psychiatric Disorders. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:47-63. [PMID: 32857118 PMCID: PMC7450410 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Large-scale neuroimaging studies have revealed group differences in cortical thickness across many psychiatric disorders. The underlying neurobiology behind these differences is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To determine neurobiologic correlates of group differences in cortical thickness between cases and controls in 6 disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Profiles of group differences in cortical thickness between cases and controls were generated using T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. Similarity between interregional profiles of cell-specific gene expression and those in the group differences in cortical thickness were investigated in each disorder. Next, principal component analysis was used to reveal a shared profile of group difference in thickness across the disorders. Analysis for gene coexpression, clustering, and enrichment for genes associated with these disorders were conducted. Data analysis was conducted between June and December 2019. The analysis included 145 cohorts across 6 psychiatric disorders drawn from the ENIGMA consortium. The numbers of cases and controls in each of the 6 disorders were as follows: ADHD: 1814 and 1602; ASD: 1748 and 1770; BD: 1547 and 3405; MDD: 2658 and 3572; OCD: 2266 and 2007; and schizophrenia: 2688 and 3244. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Interregional profiles of group difference in cortical thickness between cases and controls. RESULTS A total of 12 721 cases and 15 600 controls, ranging from ages 2 to 89 years, were included in this study. Interregional profiles of group differences in cortical thickness for each of the 6 psychiatric disorders were associated with profiles of gene expression specific to pyramidal (CA1) cells, astrocytes (except for BD), and microglia (except for OCD); collectively, gene-expression profiles of the 3 cell types explain between 25% and 54% of variance in interregional profiles of group differences in cortical thickness. Principal component analysis revealed a shared profile of difference in cortical thickness across the 6 disorders (48% variance explained); interregional profile of this principal component 1 was associated with that of the pyramidal-cell gene expression (explaining 56% of interregional variation). Coexpression analyses of these genes revealed 2 clusters: (1) a prenatal cluster enriched with genes involved in neurodevelopmental (axon guidance) processes and (2) a postnatal cluster enriched with genes involved in synaptic activity and plasticity-related processes. These clusters were enriched with genes associated with all 6 psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, shared neurobiologic processes were associated with differences in cortical thickness across multiple psychiatric disorders. These processes implicate a common role of prenatal development and postnatal functioning of the cerebral cortex in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Patel
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadine Parker
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek Howard
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leon French
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Elena Pozzi
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yoshinari Abe
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Christoph Abé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Andre Aleman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Clara Alloza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Silvia Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andrew A McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM
| | - Paul D Arnold
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience; King's College London, London, England
| | - Francesca Assogna
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Guillaume Auzias
- INT UMR 7289, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Geor Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cibele E Bandeira
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandr Baranov
- The Research Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Núria Bargalló
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claiton H D Bau
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Premika S W Boedhoe
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Boks
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Irene Bollettini
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina Del Mar Bonnin
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiana Borgers
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Brian P Brennan
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Jason M Bruggemann
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Geraldo F Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rosa Calvo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erick J Canales-Rodríguez
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Vaughan J Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicola Cascella
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mara Cercignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, England
| | - Tiffany M Chaim-Avancini
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anastasia Christakou
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, England
| | - David Coghill
- Departments of Paediatrics and Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annette Conzelmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain; Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana I Cubillo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London UK; Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kathryn R Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Renata B Cupertino
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eileen Daly
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, London, London, England
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Damiaan Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danai Dima
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, Clerkenwell, London, England
| | - Katharina Dohm
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Benjamin A Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Biological Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, the Bronx, New York
| | - Tracy Erwin-Grabner
- University Medical Center Goettingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry, Göettingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ethofer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Damien A Fair
- Behavioral Neuroscience Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | | | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jennifer M Fedor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kate D Fitzgerald
- Child OCD and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Judith M Ford
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cynthia H Y Fu
- University of East London, School of Psychology, London, England
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matt C Gabel
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, England
| | - David C Glahn
- Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gloria Roberts
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jose M Goikolea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Roberto Goya-Maldonado
- University Medical Center Goettingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry, Göettingen, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Melissa J Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eugenio H Grevet
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia Gruner
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Shlomi Haar
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Bartholomeus C M Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tim Hahn
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Benjamin J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neil A Harrison
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, England
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Heather C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Dirk J Heslenfeld
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Eva Hilland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Hoekstra
- Radboud University Medical Center, Karakter University Center of Child And Adolescent Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - L E Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cyril Höschl
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Marie F Høvik
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fleur M Howells
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Igor Nenadic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Joost Janssen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Fern Jaspers-Fayer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming. China
| | - Rune Jonassen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Georgii Karkashadze
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and child health of the Central clinical hospital of the Ministry of Science and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Joseph A King
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kirschner
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kathrin Koch
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gregor Kohls
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, German; JARA-Brain Institute II Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Bernd Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience; King's College London, London, England
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils I Landrø
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Luisa Lazaro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Sara Lera-Miguel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christine Lochner
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mario R Louza
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank P MacMaster
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luigi A Maglanoc
- University Centre for Information Technology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles B Malpas
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maria J Portella
- Group of Research in Mental Health, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, IIBSant Pau; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rachel Marsh
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Fiona M Martyn
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Hazel McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Genevieve McPhilemy
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Susanne Meinert
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- McMaster University, Mood Disorders Program, SJH Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carmen Moreno
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM
| | - Pedro Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa
| | - Clodagh M Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, King's College London, London, England
| | - Declan Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, England
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Akiko Nakagawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamae
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Leyla Namazova
- The Research Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Janardhanan Narayanaswamy
- OCD clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Danai D Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine
| | - Rosa Nicolau
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kirsten O'Hearn
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nils Opel
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Bob Oranje
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Ortiz García de la Foz
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Yannis Paloyelis
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, England
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mara Parellada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), and Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Picó-Pérez
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Felipe A Picon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Kerstin J Plessen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine
| | - Olga Puig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yann Quidé
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paul E Rasser
- Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa Rauer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janardhan Reddy
- OCD clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Ronny Redlich
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Repple
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Vanesa Richarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anja Richter
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pedro G P Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katya K Rubia
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier Santonja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
| | - Kelvin Sarink
- University of Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ulrich Schall
- Priority Centre for Brain & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mauricio H Serpa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esther Setién-Suero
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Philip Shaw
- National Human Genome Research Institute and National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Devon Shook
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J Silk
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Schmitt Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Aditya Singh
- University Medical Center Goettingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry, Göettingen, Germany
| | - Antonin Skoch
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Skokauskas
- Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Institute of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jair C Soares
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Noam Soreni
- Pediatric OCD Consultation Clinic, Anxiety Treatment and Research Center, SJH Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Filip Spaniel
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Emily R Stern
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, Nathan Kline Institute, New York
| | - S Evelyn Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Henk S Temmingh
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David F Tolin
- Anxiety Disorders Center, The Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - David Tomecek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Santander, Spain
| | - Michela Tosetti
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Magnetic Resonance - IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guido A van Wingen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alasdair Vance
- Academic Child Psychiatry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- OCD clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Vilarroya
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg G von Polier
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, England
| | - Thomas W Weickert
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Andrea S Weideman
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Mon-Ju Wu
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - T T Yang
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, Weill Institute for Neurosciences
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuliya Yoncheva
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Child Study Center, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Marcus V Zanetti
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georg C Ziegler
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Conti E, Retico A, Palumbo L, Spera G, Bosco P, Biagi L, Fiori S, Tosetti M, Cipriani P, Cioni G, Muratori F, Chilosi A, Calderoni S. Autism Spectrum Disorder and Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Early Language-Related Hallmarks across Structural MRI Study. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E275. [PMID: 33322765 PMCID: PMC7768516 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) are developmental disorders with distinct diagnostic criteria and different epidemiology. However, a common genetic background as well as overlapping clinical features between ASD and CAS have been recently reported. To date, brain structural language-related abnormalities have been detected in both the conditions, but no study directly compared young children with ASD, CAS and typical development (TD). In the current work, we aim: (i) to test the hypothesis that ASD and CAS display neurostructural differences in comparison with TD through morphometric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-based measures (ASD vs. TD and CAS vs. TD); (ii) to investigate early possible disease-specific brain structural patterns in the two clinical groups (ASD vs. CAS); (iii) to evaluate predictive power of machine-learning (ML) techniques in differentiating the three samples (ASD, CAS, TD). We retrospectively analyzed the T1-weighted brain MRI scans of 68 children (age range: 34-74 months) grouped into three cohorts: (1) 26 children with ASD (mean age ± standard deviation: 56 ± 11 months); (2) 24 children with CAS (57 ± 10 months); (3) 18 children with TD (55 ± 13 months). Furthermore, a ML analysis based on a linear-kernel Support Vector Machine (SVM) was performed. All but one brain structures displayed significant higher volumes in both ASD and CAS children than TD peers. Specifically, ASD alterations involved fronto-temporal regions together with basal ganglia and cerebellum, while CAS alterations are more focused and shifted to frontal regions, suggesting a possible speech-related anomalies distribution. Caudate, superior temporal and hippocampus volumes directly distinguished the two conditions in terms of greater values in ASD compared to CAS. The ML analysis identified significant differences in brain features between ASD and TD children, whereas only some trends in the ML classification capability were detected in CAS as compared to TD peers. Similarly, the MRI structural underpinnings of two clinical groups were not significantly different when evaluated with linear-kernel SVM. Our results may represent the first step towards understanding shared and specific neural substrate in ASD and CAS conditions, which subsequently may contribute to early differential diagnosis and tailoring specific early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Conti
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.C.); (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.F.); (M.T.); (P.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandra Retico
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa Division, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (A.R.); (L.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Letizia Palumbo
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa Division, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (A.R.); (L.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanna Spera
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa Division, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (A.R.); (L.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Paolo Bosco
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.C.); (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.F.); (M.T.); (P.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Laura Biagi
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.C.); (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.F.); (M.T.); (P.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Simona Fiori
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.C.); (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.F.); (M.T.); (P.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Michela Tosetti
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.C.); (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.F.); (M.T.); (P.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Paola Cipriani
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.C.); (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.F.); (M.T.); (P.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Giovanni Cioni
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.C.); (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.F.); (M.T.); (P.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (A.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Muratori
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.C.); (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.F.); (M.T.); (P.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (A.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Chilosi
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.C.); (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.F.); (M.T.); (P.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Sara Calderoni
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.C.); (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.F.); (M.T.); (P.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (A.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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28
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Calderoni S, Ricca I, Balboni G, Cagiano R, Cassandrini D, Doccini S, Cosenza A, Tolomeo D, Tancredi R, Santorelli FM, Muratori F. Evaluation of Chromosome Microarray Analysis in a Large Cohort of Females with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Single Center Italian Study. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E160. [PMID: 33050239 PMCID: PMC7720139 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) encompass a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from the complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Thanks to the chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) in clinical practice, the accurate identification and characterization of submicroscopic deletions/duplications (copy number variants, CNVs) associated with ASD was made possible. However, the widely acknowledged excess of males on the autism spectrum reflects on a paucity of CMA studies specifically focused on females with ASD (f-ASD). In this framework, we aim to evaluate the frequency of causative CNVs in a single-center cohort of idiopathic f-ASD. Among the 90 f-ASD analyzed, we found 20 patients with one or two potentially pathogenic CNVs, including those previously associated with ASD (located at 16p13.2 16p11.2, 15q11.2, and 22q11.21 regions). An exploratory genotype/phenotype analysis revealed that the f-ASD with causative CNVs had statistically significantly lower restrictive and repetitive behaviors than those without CNVs or with non-causative CNVs. Future work should focus on further understanding of f-ASD genetic underpinnings, taking advantage of next-generation sequencing technologies, with the ultimate goal of contributing to precision medicine in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno 331, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivana Ricca
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (I.R.); (D.C.); (S.D.); (D.T.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Giulia Balboni
- Department of Philosophy, Social and Human Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Piazza G. Ermini 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Romina Cagiano
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno 331, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Denise Cassandrini
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (I.R.); (D.C.); (S.D.); (D.T.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Stefano Doccini
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (I.R.); (D.C.); (S.D.); (D.T.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Angela Cosenza
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno 331, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Deborah Tolomeo
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (I.R.); (D.C.); (S.D.); (D.T.); (F.M.S.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6-50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno 331, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, via dei Giacinti 2, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (I.R.); (D.C.); (S.D.); (D.T.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno 331, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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29
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Abstract
Studies have consistently reported an increased prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity (PC) in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) compared with typically developing controls, with high rates of anxiety disorders in autism spectrum disorders and challenging behaviors in children and adolescent with intellectual disability. Psychiatric assessment in this population should include multiple sources of information, derived from multiple contexts and using multiple methods, with accurate detection of contributing and trigger factors. It is important to focus on detecting change from the child's baseline functioning and to use, when possible, ad hoc instruments for assessing PC in the NDD population. Modifications in the setting and assessment procedures should be scheduled based on the child's age, developmental level, and sensory sensitivities. Simultaneously, validated screening instruments, which dimensionally assess the symptomatology of several NDDs and psychiatric disorders, are warranted to not only assist in the identification of PCs in NDDs but also discriminate among different NDDs. Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5 have had an impact on the diagnosis of several disorders in children and adolescents and, subsequently, on the current diagnostic tools, requiring appropriate and prompt modifications of the available instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Santocchi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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30
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Boedhoe PSW, van Rooij D, Hoogman M, Twisk JWR, Schmaal L, Abe Y, Alonso P, Ameis SH, Anikin A, Anticevic A, Arango C, Arnold PD, Asherson P, Assogna F, Auzias G, Banaschewski T, Baranov A, Batistuzzo MC, Baumeister S, Baur-Streubel R, Behrmann M, Bellgrove MA, Benedetti F, Beucke JC, Biederman J, Bollettini I, Bose A, Bralten J, Bramati IE, Brandeis D, Brem S, Brennan BP, Busatto GF, Calderoni S, Calvo A, Calvo R, Castellanos FX, Cercignani M, Chaim-Avancini TM, Chantiluke KC, Cheng Y, Cho KIK, Christakou A, Coghill D, Conzelmann A, Cubillo AI, Dale AM, Dallaspezia S, Daly E, Denys D, Deruelle C, Di Martino A, Dinstein I, Doyle AE, Durston S, Earl EA, Ecker C, Ehrlich S, Ely BA, Epstein JN, Ethofer T, Fair DA, Fallgatter AJ, Faraone SV, Fedor J, Feng X, Feusner JD, Fitzgerald J, Fitzgerald KD, Fouche JP, Freitag CM, Fridgeirsson EA, Frodl T, Gabel MC, Gallagher L, Gogberashvili T, Gori I, Gruner P, Gürsel DA, Haar S, Haavik J, Hall GB, Harrison NA, Hartman CA, Heslenfeld DJ, Hirano Y, Hoekstra PJ, Hoexter MQ, Hohmann S, Høvik MF, Hu H, Huyser C, Jahanshad N, Jalbrzikowski M, James A, Janssen J, Jaspers-Fayer F, Jernigan TL, Kapilushniy D, Kardatzki B, Karkashadze G, Kathmann N, Kaufmann C, Kelly C, Khadka S, King JA, Koch K, Kohls G, Konrad K, Kuno M, Kuntsi J, Kvale G, Kwon JS, Lázaro L, Lera-Miguel S, Lesch KP, Hoekstra L, Liu Y, Lochner C, Louza MR, Luna B, Lundervold AJ, Malpas CB, Marques P, Marsh R, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Mataix-Cols D, Mattos P, McCarthy H, McGrath J, Mehta MA, Menchón JM, Mennes M, Martinho MM, Moreira PS, Morer A, Morgado P, Muratori F, Murphy CM, Murphy DGM, Nakagawa A, Nakamae T, Nakao T, Namazova-Baranova L, Narayanaswamy JC, Nicolau R, Nigg JT, Novotny SE, Nurmi EL, Weiss EO, O'Gorman Tuura RL, O'Hearn K, O'Neill J, Oosterlaan J, Oranje B, Paloyelis Y, Parellada M, Pauli P, Perriello C, Piacentini J, Piras F, Piras F, Plessen KJ, Puig O, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Reddy YCJ, Reif A, Reneman L, Retico A, Rosa PGP, Rubia K, Rus OG, Sakai Y, Schrantee A, Schwarz L, Schweren LJS, Seitz J, Shaw P, Shook D, Silk TJ, Simpson HB, Skokauskas N, Soliva Vila JC, Solovieva A, Soreni N, Soriano-Mas C, Spalletta G, Stern ER, Stevens MC, Stewart SE, Sudre G, Szeszko PR, Tamm L, Taylor MJ, Tolin DF, Tosetti M, Tovar-Moll F, Tsuchiyagaito A, van Erp TGM, van Wingen GA, Vance A, Venkatasubramanian G, Vilarroya O, Vives-Gilabert Y, von Polier GG, Walitza S, Wallace GL, Wang Z, Wolfers T, Yoncheva YN, Yun JY, Zanetti MV, Zhou F, Ziegler GC, Zierhut KC, Zwiers MP, Thompson PM, Stein DJ, Buitelaar J, Franke B, van den Heuvel OA. Subcortical Brain Volume, Regional Cortical Thickness, and Cortical Surface Area Across Disorders: Findings From the ENIGMA ADHD, ASD, and OCD Working Groups. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:834-843. [PMID: 32539527 PMCID: PMC8296070 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. The authors sought to directly compare these disorders using structural brain imaging data from ENIGMA consortium data. METHODS Structural T1-weighted whole-brain MRI data from healthy control subjects (N=5,827) and from patients with ADHD (N=2,271), ASD (N=1,777), and OCD (N=2,323) from 151 cohorts worldwide were analyzed using standardized processing protocols. The authors examined subcortical volume, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area differences within a mega-analytical framework, pooling measures extracted from each cohort. Analyses were performed separately for children, adolescents, and adults, using linear mixed-effects models adjusting for age, sex, and site (and intracranial volume for subcortical and surface area measures). RESULTS No shared differences were found among all three disorders, and shared differences between any two disorders did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Children with ADHD compared with those with OCD had smaller hippocampal volumes, possibly influenced by IQ. Children and adolescents with ADHD also had smaller intracranial volume than control subjects and those with OCD or ASD. Adults with ASD showed thicker frontal cortices compared with adult control subjects and other clinical groups. No OCD-specific differences were observed across different age groups and surface area differences among all disorders in childhood and adulthood. CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest robust but subtle differences across different age groups among ADHD, ASD, and OCD. ADHD-specific intracranial volume and hippocampal differences in children and adolescents, and ASD-specific cortical thickness differences in the frontal cortex in adults, support previous work emphasizing structural brain differences in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premika S W Boedhoe
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Daan van Rooij
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Martine Hoogman
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Jos W R Twisk
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Yoshinari Abe
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Pino Alonso
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Anatoly Anikin
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Alan Anticevic
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Celso Arango
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Paul D Arnold
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Philip Asherson
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Francesca Assogna
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Guillaume Auzias
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Alexander Baranov
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Marcelo C Batistuzzo
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Ramona Baur-Streubel
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Marlene Behrmann
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Jan C Beucke
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Joseph Biederman
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Irene Bollettini
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Anushree Bose
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Janita Bralten
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Ivanei E Bramati
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Silvia Brem
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Brian P Brennan
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Geraldo F Busatto
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Sara Calderoni
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Anna Calvo
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Rosa Calvo
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Francisco X Castellanos
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Mara Cercignani
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Tiffany M Chaim-Avancini
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Kaylita C Chantiluke
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Kang Ik K Cho
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Anastasia Christakou
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - David Coghill
- The full list of authors in the ENIGMA working groups, author affiliations, author disclosures, and acknowledgments are provided in online supplements
| | - Annette Conzelmann
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| | - Ana I Cubillo
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| | - Sara Dallaspezia
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| | - Eileen Daly
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| | - Damiaan Denys
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| | - Christine Deruelle
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| | - Adriana Di Martino
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| | - Ilan Dinstein
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| | - Alysa E Doyle
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| | - Katya Rubia
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| | - Jochen Seitz
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| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
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| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
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| | - Emily R Stern
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| | - Michael C Stevens
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| | - S Evelyn Stewart
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| | - Gustavo Sudre
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| | - Philip R Szeszko
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| | - Leanne Tamm
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| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
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Curzio O, Calderoni S, Maestro S, Rossi G, De Pasquale CF, Belmonti V, Apicella F, Muratori F, Retico A. Lower gray matter volumes of frontal lobes and insula in adolescents with anorexia nervosa restricting type: Findings from a Brain Morphometry Study. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 63:e27. [PMID: 32172703 PMCID: PMC7315882 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain atrophy in anorexia nervosa (AN) is one of the most marked structural brain changes observed in mental disorders. In this study, we propose a whole brain analysis approach to characterize global and regional cerebral volumes in adolescents with restricting-type anorexia nervosa (AN-r). METHODS A total of 48 adolescent females (age range 13-18 years) were enrolled in the study (24 right-handed AN-r in the early stages of the illness and treated in the same clinical setting and 24 age-matched healthy controls [HC]). High-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were acquired. Cerebral volumes, including the total amounts of gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained with the Statistical Parametric Mapping software (SPM8); specific cortical regional volumes were computed by applying an atlas-based cortical parcellation to the SPM8 GM segments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to identify any significant between-group differences in global and regional brain volumes. RESULTS The analyses revealed reduced total GM volumes (p = 0.02) and increased CSF (p = 0.05) in AN-r, compared with HC. No significant between-group difference was found in WM volumes. At the regional level, significantly lower GM volumes in both frontal lobes (p = 0.006) and in the left insula (p = 0.016) were detected. No significant relationships were found between cerebral volumes and duration of illness, psychiatric comorbidities, psychopharmacological treatment, prepubertal phase, or presence of amenorrhea. CONCLUSIONS The topographic distribution of GM reduction in a homogenous group of AN-r involves regions responsible for the emotional and cognitive deficits associated with the illness. These findings are discussed in relation to the roles of the insular cortex and the frontal lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Curzio
- Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Calderoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Developmental Neuroscience - IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Maestro
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rossi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pisa, Italy.,G. Monasterio Foundation, Tuscany Region (FTGM), Pisa, Italy
| | - C F De Pasquale
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Belmonti
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Apicella
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Muratori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Developmental Neuroscience - IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Retico
- Pisa Division, INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Pisa, Italy
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Conti E, Chericoni N, Costanzo V, Lasala R, Mancini A, Prosperi M, Tancredi R, Muratori F, Calderoni S, Apicella F. Moving Toward Telehealth Surveillance Services for Toddlers at Risk for Autism During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:565999. [PMID: 33424652 PMCID: PMC7793978 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.565999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2016, the project "Early Bird Diagnostic Protocol for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)" funded by the Italian Ministry of Health has been operative at IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris (FSM), Pisa (IT), with the main aim of developing early age-specific diagnostic protocols by longitudinally enrolling two different populations at risk for ASD: (i) toddlers with older siblings with ASD (FR) and (ii) toddlers referred by a child psychiatrist or pediatrician for suspected ASD (CR). On January 30, 2020, when the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 136 patients (85 FR; 51 CR; 93 males; 43 females) had been enrolled in the project with 324 completed time points and 64 still missing. Considering both the huge psychological burden on families with toddlers at risk for ASD during the lockdown and the longitudinal studies reporting the positive "surveillance effect" in terms of a better outcome in at-risk toddlers, our priority has been to maintain regular contact and support to enrolled families. To do this, the research team, being authorized for smart-working research activities, has set up a detailed remote surveillance protocol (RSP). The RSP includes three online interviews and one online video registration of parent-child play. In the current community case study, the authors report the telehealth procedure and discuss possible future directions in developing remote assessment and new evaluation modalities for ecological parent-child play video recordings in at-risk populations. Hopefully, the surveillance protocol will further improve our ability to detect risk and activate early tailored intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Conti
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Natasha Chericoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Costanzo
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Lasala
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Mancini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Prosperi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Apicella
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
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Santocchi E, Guiducci L, Prosperi M, Calderoni S, Gaggini M, Apicella F, Tancredi R, Billeci L, Mastromarino P, Grossi E, Gastaldelli A, Morales MA, Muratori F. Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Gastrointestinal, Sensory and Core Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:550593. [PMID: 33101079 PMCID: PMC7546872 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.550593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been recently recognized as a key modulator of neuropsychiatric health. In this framework, probiotics (recently named "psychobiotics") may modulate brain activity and function, possibly improving the behavioral profiles of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We evaluated the effects of probiotics on autism in a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 85 preschoolers with ASD (mean age, 4.2 years; 84% boys). Participants were randomly assigned to probiotics (De Simone Formulation) (n=42) or placebo (n=43) for six months. Sixty-three (74%) children completed the trial. No differences between groups were detected on the primary outcome measure, the Total Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule - Calibrated Severity Score (ADOS-CSS). An exploratory secondary analysis on subgroups of children with or without Gastrointestinal Symptoms (GI group, n= 30; NGI group, n=55) revealed in the NGI group treated with probiotics a significant decline in ADOS scores as compared to that in the placebo group, with a mean reduction of 0.81 in Total ADOS CSS and of 1.14 in Social-Affect ADOS CSS over six months. In the GI group treated with probiotics we found greater improvements in some GI symptoms, adaptive functioning, and sensory profiles than in the GI group treated with placebo. These results suggest potentially positive effects of probiotics on core autism symptoms in a subset of ASD children independent of the specific intermediation of the probiotic effect on GI symptoms. Further studies are warranted to replicate and extend these promising findings on a wider population with subsets of ASD patients which share targets of intervention on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02708901.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Santocchi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Guiducci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Prosperi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sara Calderoni,
| | - Melania Gaggini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Apicella
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Billeci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Mastromarino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Grossi
- Department of Autism Research, Villa Santa Maria Institute, Tavernerio, Italy
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Prosperi M, Guiducci L, Peroni DG, Narducci C, Gaggini M, Calderoni S, Tancredi R, Morales MA, Gastaldelli A, Muratori F, Santocchi E. Inflammatory Biomarkers are Correlated with Some Forms of Regressive Autism Spectrum Disorder. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9120366. [PMID: 31835709 PMCID: PMC6955787 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9120366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have tried to investigate the role of inflammatory biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and their correlations with clinical phenotypes. Despite the growing research in this topic, existing data are mostly contradictory. Methods: Eighty-five ASD preschoolers were assessed for developmental level, adaptive functioning, gastrointestinal (GI), socio-communicative and psychopathological symptoms. Plasma levels of leptin, resistin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2), tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were correlated with clinical scores and were compared among different ASD subgroups according to the presence or absence of: (i) GI symptoms, (ii) regressive onset of autism. Results: Proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and CCL2) were lower than those reported in previous studies in children with systemic inflammatory conditions. GI symptoms were not correlated with levels of inflammatory biomarkers except for resistin that was lower in ASD-GI children (p = 0.032). Resistin and PAI-1 levels were significantly higher in the group with “regression plus a developmental delay” onset (Reg+DD group) compared to groups without regression or with regression without a developmental delay (p < 0.01 for all). Conclusions: Our results did not highlight the presence of any systemic inflammatory state in ASD subjects neither disentangling children with/without GI symptoms. The Reg + DD group significantly differed from others in some plasmatic values, but these differences failed to discriminate the subgroups as possible distinct ASD endo-phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Prosperi
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (S.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.); (E.S.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Letizia Guiducci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.G.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Diego G. Peroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Chiara Narducci
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari & “Antonio Cao” Paediatric Hospital, “G. Brotzu” Hospital trust, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Melania Gaggini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.G.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Sara Calderoni
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (S.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.); (E.S.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (S.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Maria Aurora Morales
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.G.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.G.); (M.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0503-152-679
| | - Filippo Muratori
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (S.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.); (E.S.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Elisa Santocchi
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (M.P.); (S.C.); (R.T.); (F.M.); (E.S.)
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Prosperi M, Santocchi E, Muratori F, Narducci C, Calderoni S, Tancredi R, Morales MA, Guiducci L. Vocal and motor behaviors as a possible expression of gastrointestinal problems in preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:466. [PMID: 31779607 PMCID: PMC6883656 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal (GI) problems are one of the most frequent comorbidities in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) but can be under-recognized due to the concomitant communication difficulties of this population. Accordingly, some associated behaviors (AB) such as verbal and motor behaviors (VB and MB, respectively) have been identified as a possible expression of an underlying GI problem and evaluated through an ad hoc questionnaire (the Associated Behaviors Questionnaire -ABQ-). The aims of this study were to investigate the presence and the type of AB in an Italian sample of ASD preschoolers, and to determine their correlations with GI problems. Methods We included 85 ASD preschoolers (mean age 4.14 years; SD 1.08) splitted into two groups (GI and No-GI) through the GI Severity Index instrument. AB were evaluated through the ABQ that includes VB, MB and Changes in overall state (C) clusters. Specific tools were administered to evaluate the ASD core ad associated symptoms, as well as the intellective and adaptive functioning. Results The GI group (N = 30) showed significantly higher scores in all the three ABQ areas (VB, MB and C) than the No-GI group (N = 55), with a positive correlation between GI symptoms and some specific AB as well as ABQ Total score. By dividing the whole sample in verbal and non-verbal individuals, both specific and shared AB emerged in the two groups. Conclusions Our results alert clinicians to consider behavioral manifestations as a possible expression of GI problems in ASD subjects. Therefore, the evaluation of AB may be useful to identify the presence of GI problems in the ASD populations, and especially in non-verbal ASD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Prosperi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Santocchi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Narducci
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari and "Antonio Cao" Paediatric Hospital, "G. Brotzu" Hospital trust, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56128 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Letizia Guiducci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
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Muratori F, Billeci L, Calderoni S, Boncoddo M, Lattarulo C, Costanzo V, Turi M, Colombi C, Narzisi A. How Attention to Faces and Objects Changes Over Time in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Preliminary Evidence from An Eye Tracking Study. Brain Sci 2019; 9:E344. [PMID: 31783561 PMCID: PMC6955945 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9120344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Further understanding of the longitudinal changes in visual pattern of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is needed. We examined twelve 19 to 33-month-old toddlers at their first diagnosis (mean age: 25.1 months) and after six months (mean age: 31.7 months) during two initiating joint attention (IJA) tasks using eye tracking. Results were compared with the performance of age-matched typically developing (TD) toddlers evaluated at a single time-point. Autistic toddlers showed longitudinal changes in the visual sensory processing of the IJA tasks, approaching TD performance with an improvement in the ability to disengage and to explore the global space. Findings suggest the use of eye tracking technology as an objective, non-intrusive, adjunctive tool to measure outcomes in toddlers with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Calambrone, PI, Italy; (F.M.); (V.C.); (A.N.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56128 Calambrone, PI, Italy
| | - Lucia Billeci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 56128 Calambrone, PI, Italy;
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Calambrone, PI, Italy; (F.M.); (V.C.); (A.N.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56128 Calambrone, PI, Italy
| | - Maria Boncoddo
- Programma Interdipartimentale “Autismo 0–90”, A.O.U. Policlinico G. Martino, 98124 Messina, ME, Italy;
| | - Caterina Lattarulo
- Stella Maris Mediterraneo Foundation, 85032 Chiaromonte, PZ, Italy; (C.L.); (M.T.)
| | - Valeria Costanzo
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Calambrone, PI, Italy; (F.M.); (V.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Marco Turi
- Stella Maris Mediterraneo Foundation, 85032 Chiaromonte, PZ, Italy; (C.L.); (M.T.)
| | - Costanza Colombi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA;
| | - Antonio Narzisi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Calambrone, PI, Italy; (F.M.); (V.C.); (A.N.)
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Tonacci A, Billeci L, Calderoni S, Levantini V, Masi G, Milone A, Pisano S, Muratori P. Sympathetic arousal in children with oppositional defiant disorder and its relation to emotional dysregulation. J Affect Disord 2019; 257:207-213. [PMID: 31301625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a trans-nosographical condition characterized by mood instability, severe irritability, aggression, temper outburst, and hyper-arousal. Pathophysiology of emotional dysregulation and its potential biomarkers are an emerging field of interest. A Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) profile, defined as Dysregulation Profile (DP), has been correlated to ED in youth. We examined the association between the CBCL-DP and indices of sympathetic arousal in children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and healthy controls. METHOD The current study sought to compare the arousal level measured via electrodermal activity in response to emotional stimuli in three non-overlapping groups of children: (1) ODD+CBCL-DP (n = 28), (2) ODD without CBCL-DP (n = 35), and (3) typically developing controls (n = 25). RESULTS Analyses revealed a distinct electrodermal activity profile in the three groups. Specifically, children with ODD+CBCL-DP presented higher levels of sympathetic arousal for anger and sadness stimuli compared to the other two groups. LIMITATIONS The relatively small sample and the lack of assessing causality limit the generalizability of this study which results need to be replicated in larger, different samples. CONCLUSION The CBCL-DP was associated to higher levels of arousal for negative emotions, consistently with previous reports in individuals with depression and anxiety. Further work may identify potential longitudinal relationships between this profile and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tonacci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Billeci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Levantini
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annarita Milone
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Pisano
- Department of Neuroscience, AORN Santobono-Pausilipon, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Muratori
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
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Amoruso L, Narzisi A, Pinzino M, Finisguerra A, Billeci L, Calderoni S, Fabbro F, Muratori F, Volzone A, Urgesi C. Contextual priors do not modulate action prediction in children with autism. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191319. [PMID: 31409253 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bayesian accounts of autism suggest that this disorder may be rooted in an impaired ability to estimate the probability of future events, possibly owing to reduced priors. Here, we tested this hypothesis within the action domain in children with and without autism using a behavioural paradigm comprising a familiarization and a testing phase. During familiarization, children observed videos depicting a child model performing actions in diverse contexts. Crucially, within this phase, we implicitly biased action-context associations in terms of their probability of co-occurrence. During testing, children observed the same videos but drastically shortened (i.e. reduced amount of kinematics information) and were asked to infer action unfolding. Since during the testing phase movement kinematics became ambiguous, we expected children's responses to be biased to contextual priors, thus compensating for perceptual uncertainty. While this probabilistic effect was present in controls, no such modulation was observed in autistic children, overall suggesting an impairment in using contextual priors when predicting other peoples' actions in uncertain environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Amoruso
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Lucia Billeci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa (Calambrone), Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Franco Fabbro
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Filippo Muratori
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa (Calambrone), Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Volzone
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Pasian di Prato, Udine, Italy
| | - Cosimo Urgesi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Pasian di Prato, Udine, Italy
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Tonacci A, Calderoni S, Billeci L, Maestro S, Fantozzi P, Ciuccoli F, Morales MA, Narzisi A, Muratori F. Autistic traits impact on olfactory processing in adolescent girls with Anorexia Nervosa restricting type. Psychiatry Res 2019; 274:20-26. [PMID: 30776708 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The correct functioning of the chemosensory pathway is pivotal for the attitude towards feeding. In some neuropsychiatric disorders, abnormalities of the sensory processing dramatically affect feeding behavior; however, evidences for an olfactory involvement in Anorexia Nervosa (AN) are still controversial. We administered a complete olfactory testing battery, the Sniffin' Sticks Extended Test, to a cohort of 19 girls with Restrictive Anorexia Nervosa (AN-R) and 19 healthy controls. A battery of questionnaires aiming to evaluate eating attitude, psychopathologic disorders and autistic traits was also administered. No difference was found between the two groups in any of the olfactory tasks. Despite the lack of correlation between olfaction and disease severity, however, olfactory performances were related to autistic traits in anorectic girls (r = -0.489, p = 0.039). Girls with AN-R do not appear to have an impaired olfactory function with respect to controls. However, a possible correlation between olfactory ability and autistic traits was discovered. In light of such findings, the role of possible relations between social functioning-related features and olfactory processing in AN-R is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tonacci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lucia Billeci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maria Aurora Morales
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Muratori
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Billeci L, Muratori P, Calderoni S, Chericoni N, Levantini V, Milone A, Nocentini A, Papini M, Ruglioni L, Dadds M. Emotional processing deficits in Italian children with Disruptive Behavior Disorder: The role of callous unemotional traits. Behav Res Ther 2019; 113:32-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Muratori F, Turi M, Prosperi M, Narzisi A, Valeri G, Guerrera S, Santocchi E, Apicella F, Lattarulo C, Calderoni S, Vicari S. Parental Perspectives on Psychiatric Comorbidity in Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorders Receiving Publicly Funded Mental Health Services. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:107. [PMID: 30914976 PMCID: PMC6422880 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity (PC) in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is consistently reported. While several studies have examined PC in school-aged children, adolescents and adults with ASD, investigations on PC in preschoolers are less common. In this study, we explore the prevalence and the type of PC in a sample of 989 preschoolers with ASD through the DSM-Oriented Scales (DOS) of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 1½-5) and their possible links with the core features of ASD and cognitive functioning. Results indicated that 37.8% of the sample had at least one PC in addition to ASD; these subjects displayed significantly higher Total score (p = 0.02) and Social Affect score (p = 0.003) on the ADOS-based calibrated severity scores (CSS), as well as lower (p ≤ 0.0001) performance IQ (pIQ) compared to ASD individuals without PC. As far as the specific DOS, Affective Problems (AP) were detected in 23.4% of the whole sample, ADHD Problems (ADHD) in 17.3%, Anxiety Problems (AXP) in 16.7%, and Oppositional Problems (OP) in 7.9%. These different comorbidities were isolated in 195 subjects (Mono-comorbid group: 19.7% of the whole sample), while 179 subjects (18.1% of the whole sample) had two or more types of PC (Multi-comorbid group). One-way ANOVA revealed that subjects with multi-comorbidity have statistically significant lower pIQ and higher Total score and Social Affect score on CSS-ADOS. Specific differences for each type of comorbidity and gender differences were also discussed. Taken together, results indicate a considerable presence of PC in preschoolers with ASD that should be accurately considered during the assessment and diagnosis process in order to plan a tailored intervention based not only on core symptoms of ASD, but also on comorbid psychiatric condition since preschool age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Turi
- Fondazione Stella Maris Mediterraneo, Potenza, Italy
| | - Margherita Prosperi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Narzisi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Valeri
- Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Children Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Guerrera
- Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Children Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Santocchi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Apicella
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Children Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
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Spera G, Retico A, Bosco P, Ferrari E, Palumbo L, Oliva P, Muratori F, Calderoni S. Evaluation of Altered Functional Connections in Male Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders on Multiple-Site Data Optimized With Machine Learning. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:620. [PMID: 31616322 PMCID: PMC6763745 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
No univocal and reliable brain-based biomarkers have been detected to date in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Neuroimaging studies have consistently revealed alterations in brain structure and function of individuals with ASD; however, it remains difficult to ascertain the extent and localization of affected brain networks. In this context, the application of Machine Learning (ML) classification methods to neuroimaging data has the potential to contribute to a better distinction between subjects with ASD and typical development controls (TD). This study is focused on the analysis of resting-state fMRI data of individuals with ASD and matched TD, available within the ABIDE collection. To reduce the multiple sources of heterogeneity that impact on understanding the neural underpinnings of autistic condition, we selected a subgroup of 190 subjects (102 with ASD and 88 TD) according to the following criteria: male children (age range: 6.5-13 years); rs-fMRI data acquired with open eyes; data from the University sites that provided the largest number of scans (KKI, NYU, UCLA, UM). Connectivity values were evaluated as the linear correlation between pairs of time series of brain areas; then, a Linear kernel Support Vector Machine (L-SVM) classification, with an inter-site cross-validation scheme, was carried out. A permutation test was conducted to identify over-connectivity and under-connectivity alterations in the ASD group. The mean L-SVM classification performance, in terms of the area under the ROC curve (AUC), was 0.75 ± 0.05. The highest performance was obtained using data from KKI, NYU and UCLA sites in training and data from UM as testing set (AUC = 0.83). Specifically, stronger functional connectivity (FC) in ASD with respect to TD involve (p < 0.001) the angular gyrus with the precuneus in the right (R) hemisphere, and the R frontal operculum cortex with the pars opercularis of the left (L) inferior frontal gyrus. Weaker connections in ASD group with respect to TD are the intra-hemispheric R temporal fusiform cortex with the R hippocampus, and the L supramarginal gyrus with L planum polare. The results indicate that both under- and over-FC occurred in a selected cohort of ASD children relative to TD controls, and that these functional alterations are spread in different brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Spera
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa Division, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Retico
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa Division, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Ferrari
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa Division, Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Normale Superiore, Faculty of Sciences, Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Palumbo
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa Division, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piernicola Oliva
- Department of Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Cagliari Division, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Filippo Muratori
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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43
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Bosco P, Giuliano A, Delafield-Butt J, Muratori F, Calderoni S, Retico A. Brainstem enlargement in preschool children with autism: Results from an intermethod agreement study of segmentation algorithms. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:7-19. [PMID: 30184295 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermethod agreement between automated algorithms for brainstem segmentation is investigated, focusing on the potential involvement of this structure in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Inconsistencies highlighted in previous studies on brainstem in the population with ASD may in part be a result of poor agreement in the extraction of structural features between different methods. A sample of 76 children with ASD and 76 age-, gender-, and intelligence-matched controls was considered. Volumetric analyses were performed using common tools for brain structures segmentation, namely FSL-FIRST, FreeSurfer (FS), and Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs). For shape analysis SPHARM-MAT was employed. Intermethod agreement was quantified in terms of Pearson correlations between pairs of volumes obtained by the different methods. The degree of overlap between segmented masks was quantified in terms of the Dice index. Both Pearson correlations and Dice indices, showed poor agreement between FSL-FIRST and the other methods (ANTs and FS), which by contrast, yielded Pearson correlations greater than 0.93 and average Dice indices greater than 0.76 when compared with each other. As with volume, shape analyses exhibited discrepancies between segmentation methods, with particular differences noted between FSL-FIRST and the others (ANT and FS), with under- and over-segmentation in specific brainstem regions. These data suggest that research on brain structure alterations should cross-validate findings across multiple methods. We consistently detected an enlargement of brainstem volume in the whole sample and in the male cohort across multiple segmentation methods, a feature particularly driven by the subgroup of children with idiopathic intellectual disability associated with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bosco
- Pisa Division, INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Giuliano
- Pisa Division, INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jonathan Delafield-Butt
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Retico
- Pisa Division, INFN - National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Pisa, Italy
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Tillmann J, Ashwood K, Absoud M, Bölte S, Bonnet-Brilhault F, Buitelaar JK, Calderoni S, Calvo R, Canal-Bedia R, Canitano R, De Bildt A, Gomot M, Hoekstra PJ, Kaale A, McConachie H, Murphy DG, Narzisi A, Oosterling I, Pejovic-Milovancevic M, Persico AM, Puig O, Roeyers H, Rommelse N, Sacco R, Scandurra V, Stanfield AC, Zander E, Charman T. Evaluating Sex and Age Differences in ADI-R and ADOS Scores in a Large European Multi-site Sample of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 48:2490-2505. [PMID: 29468576 PMCID: PMC5996001 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Research on sex-related differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been impeded by small samples. We pooled 28 datasets from 18 sites across nine European countries to examine sex differences in the ASD phenotype on the ADI-R (376 females, 1763 males) and ADOS (233 females, 1187 males). On the ADI-R, early childhood restricted and repetitive behaviours were lower in females than males, alongside comparable levels of social interaction and communication difficulties in females and males. Current ADI-R and ADOS scores showed no sex differences for ASD severity. There were lower socio-communicative symptoms in older compared to younger individuals. This large European ASD sample adds to the literature on sex and age variations of ASD symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tillmann
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - K Ashwood
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - M Absoud
- Newcomen Children's Neurosciences Centre, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Bölte
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - J K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation and University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Calvo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, CIBERSAM, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Canal-Bedia
- Instituto Universitario de Integración en la Comunidad (INICO), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - R Canitano
- University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - A De Bildt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Accare, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Gomot
- UMR930, INSERM, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - P J Hoekstra
- Accare, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Kaale
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - H McConachie
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D G Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - A Narzisi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation and University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Oosterling
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Pejovic-Milovancevic
- School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A M Persico
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "Gaetano Martino" University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy
| | - O Puig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, CIBERSAM, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Roeyers
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N Rommelse
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Sacco
- Service for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - E Zander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Helsingborg, Psychiatry Skåne, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - T Charman
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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45
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Muratori F, Tonacci A, Billeci L, Catalucci T, Igliozzi R, Calderoni S, Narzisi A. Olfactory Processing in Male Children with Autism: Atypical Odor Threshold and Identification. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 47:3243-3251. [PMID: 28744761 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sensory issues are of great interest in ASD diagnosis. However, their investigation is mainly based on external observation (parent reports), with methodological limitations. Unobtrusive olfactory assessment allows studying autism neurosensoriality. Here, 20 male children with high-functioning ASD and 20 matched controls were administered a complete olfactory test battery, assessing olfactory threshold, identification and discrimination. ASD children show lower sensitivity (p = 0.041), lower identification (p = 0.014), and intact odor discrimination (p = 0.199) than controls. Comparing olfactory and clinical scores, a significant correlation was found in ASD between olfactory threshold and the CBCL social problems (p = 0.011) and aggressive behavior (p = 0.012) sub-scales. The pattern featuring peripheral hyposensitivity, high-order difficulties in odor identification and regular subcortical odor discrimination is discussed in light of hypo-priors hypothesis for autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Muratori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
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46
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Prosperi M, Santocchi E, Balboni G, Narzisi A, Bozza M, Fulceri F, Apicella F, Igliozzi R, Cosenza A, Tancredi R, Calderoni S, Muratori F. Behavioral Phenotype of ASD Preschoolers with Gastrointestinal Symptoms or Food Selectivity. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 47:3574-3588. [PMID: 28861653 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence and type of gastrointestinal (GI) and food selectivity (FS) symptoms in 163 preschoolers with ASD, and their possible links with core ASD features and emotional/behavioural problems. 40.5% of children with ASD had at least one severe GI symptom or FS. Preschoolers with and without GI symptoms and with and without FS were significantly different on several emotional/behavioural problems and restrictive/repetitive behaviours, whereas they did not differ significantly on performance IQ and autistic severity. The GI plus FS group presented with Sleep Problems, Self-injurious Behaviors and Anxiety Problems. Results indicated the need for early identification of GI disturbances and FS in order to design tailored intervention for these symptoms frequently associated to challenging behaviours in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Prosperi
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56018, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Santocchi
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56018, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Balboni
- University of Perugia, Piazza G. Ermini, 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Narzisi
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56018, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Fulceri
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56018, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Apicella
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56018, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Igliozzi
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56018, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Cosenza
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56018, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56018, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56018, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Filippo Muratori
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Viale del Tirreno 331, 56018, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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47
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Billeci L, Tonacci A, Narzisi A, Manigrasso Z, Varanini M, Fulceri F, Lattarulo C, Calderoni S, Muratori F. Heart Rate Variability During a Joint Attention Task in Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Physiol 2018; 9:467. [PMID: 29765335 PMCID: PMC5938714 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders featuring early impairments in social domain, with autonomic nervous system (ANS) unbalance possibly representing a useful marker for such disturbances. Impairments in joint attention (JA) are one of the earliest markers of social deficits in ASD. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of using wearable technologies for characterizing the ANS response in ASD toddlers during the presentation of JA stimuli. Methods: Twenty ASD toddlers and 20 age- and gender-matched typically developed (TD) children were recorded at baseline and during a JA task through an unobtrusive chest strap for electrocardiography (ECG). Specific algorithms for feature extraction, including Heart Rate (HR), Standard Deviation of the Normal-to-Normal Intervals (SDNN), Coefficient of Variation (CV), pNN10 as well as low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF), were applied to the ECG signal and a statistical comparison between the two groups was performed. Results: As regards the single phases, SDNN (p = 0.04) and CV (p = 0.021) were increased in ASD at baseline together with increased LF absolute power (p = 0.034). Moreover, CV remained higher in ASD during the task (p = 0.03). Considering the phase and group interaction, LF increased from baseline to task in TD group (p = 0.04) while it decreased in the ASD group (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate the feasibility of characterizing the ANS response in ASD toddlers through a minimally obtrusive tool. Our analysis showed an increased SDNN and CV in toddlers with ASD particularly at baseline compared to TD and lower LF during the task. These findings could suggest the possibility of using the proposed approach for evaluating physiological correlates of JA response in young children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Billeci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Narzisi
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Pisa, Italy
| | - Zaira Manigrasso
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Varanini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Fulceri
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Lattarulo
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Hospital "Madonna delle Grazie", Matera, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Muratori
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Calderoni S, Brulatti M, Cuoghi M, Galluzzo V, Ferrarini R, Zanarini D, Cucchi M. The role of neoadjuvant chemoterapy in choosing the type of surgery in breast cancer HER2+ and triple negative. Eur J Surg Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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van Rooij D, Anagnostou E, Arango C, Auzias G, Behrmann M, Busatto GF, Calderoni S, Daly E, Deruelle C, Di Martino A, Dinstein I, Duran FLS, Durston S, Ecker C, Fair D, Fedor J, Fitzgerald J, Freitag CM, Gallagher L, Gori I, Haar S, Hoekstra L, Jahanshad N, Jalbrzikowski M, Janssen J, Lerch J, Luna B, Martinho MM, McGrath J, Muratori F, Murphy CM, Murphy DG, O’Hearn K, Oranje B, Parellada M, Retico A, Rosa P, Rubia K, Shook D, Taylor M, Thompson PM, Tosetti M, Wallace GL, Zhou F, Buitelaar JK. Cortical and Subcortical Brain Morphometry Differences Between Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Healthy Individuals Across the Lifespan: Results From the ENIGMA ASD Working Group. Am J Psychiatry 2018; 175:359-369. [PMID: 29145754 PMCID: PMC6546164 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroimaging studies show structural differences in both cortical and subcortical brain regions in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with healthy subjects. Findings are inconsistent, however, and it is unclear how differences develop across the lifespan. The authors investigated brain morphometry differences between individuals with ASD and healthy subjects, cross-sectionally across the lifespan, in a large multinational sample from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics Through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) ASD working group. METHOD The sample comprised 1,571 patients with ASD and 1,651 healthy control subjects (age range, 2-64 years) from 49 participating sites. MRI scans were preprocessed at individual sites with a harmonized protocol based on a validated automated-segmentation software program. Mega-analyses were used to test for case-control differences in subcortical volumes, cortical thickness, and surface area. Development of brain morphometry over the lifespan was modeled using a fractional polynomial approach. RESULTS The case-control mega-analysis demonstrated that ASD was associated with smaller subcortical volumes of the pallidum, putamen, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens (effect sizes [Cohen's d], 0.13 to -0.13), as well as increased cortical thickness in the frontal cortex and decreased thickness in the temporal cortex (effect sizes, -0.21 to 0.20). Analyses of age effects indicate that the development of cortical thickness is altered in ASD, with the largest differences occurring around adolescence. No age-by-ASD interactions were observed in the subcortical partitions. CONCLUSIONS The ENIGMA ASD working group provides the largest study of brain morphometry differences in ASD to date, using a well-established, validated, publicly available analysis pipeline. ASD patients showed altered morphometry in the cognitive and affective parts of the striatum, frontal cortex, and temporal cortex. Complex developmental trajectories were observed for the different regions, with a developmental peak around adolescence. These findings suggest an interplay in the abnormal development of the striatal, frontal, and temporal regions in ASD across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan van Rooij
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Celso Arango
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Guillaume Auzias
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Marlene Behrmann
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Geraldo F. Busatto
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Sara Calderoni
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Eileen Daly
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Christine Deruelle
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Adriana Di Martino
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Ilan Dinstein
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Fabio Luis Souza Duran
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Sarah Durston
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Christine Ecker
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Damien Fair
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Jennifer Fedor
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Jackie Fitzgerald
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Christine M. Freitag
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Louise Gallagher
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Ilaria Gori
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Shlomi Haar
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Liesbeth Hoekstra
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Joost Janssen
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Jason Lerch
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Beatriz Luna
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Mauricio Moller Martinho
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Jane McGrath
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Filippo Muratori
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Clodagh M. Murphy
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Declan G.M. Murphy
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Kirsten O’Hearn
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Bob Oranje
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Mara Parellada
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Alessandra Retico
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Pedro Rosa
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Katya Rubia
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Devon Shook
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Margot Taylor
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Michela Tosetti
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Gregory L. Wallace
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Fengfeng Zhou
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- From the Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen; the Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid
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Curzio O, Maestro S, Rossi G, Calderoni S, Giombini L, Scardigli S, Ragione LD, Muratori F. Transdiagnostic vs. disorder-focused perspective in children and adolescents with eating disorders: Findings from a large multisite exploratory study. Eur Psychiatry 2018; 49:81-93. [PMID: 29413810 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transdiagnostic model of eating disorders (ED) proposes common cognitive mechanisms in patients with ED psychopathology. Little is known about their role in the maintenance of ED in children and adolescents. This study aimed to determine whether the relationships between key factors (low self-esteem, weight and shape control, clinical perfectionism, interpersonal problems, distress and mood instability) and core maintaining mechanisms (binge-eating and restraint) would support a transdiagnostic theory in young patients. METHODS A total of 419 patients (mean age 14.7 ± 2.14 years; age range: 7-18 years; males 13.8%) diagnosed with an ED were assessed in six Italian clinical centers in 2013. Multiple comparisons between ED diagnosis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. RESULTS Of the entire collective, 51.5% of patients were diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), 12.3% were diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and 36.2% with Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS). In PCA, the core ED mechanisms, dietary restraint and binge eating, acted as poles of attraction of the other variables. The AN group was particularly linked to restraint and the BN group was particularly related to "Bulimia". Considering the diagnostic subtypes, there were no significant differences between the anorexic binge-purging group, bulimic purging group and bulimic non-purging group, which constituted a unique cluster related to affective, interpersonal problems and to perfectionism, indicating a very homogeneous subgroup. Restricting anorexic group (AN-R), related to shape concern and anxious-depressed mood, was not linked to the other subtypes. EDNOS appeared to be opposed to the AN-R group; the binge eating disorder group appeared to be independent from others. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the presence of both specific and transdiagnostic mechanisms in ED subtypes, whose knowledge is of relevance for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Curzio
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Maestro
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy.
| | - G Rossi
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy; G Monasterio Foundation, CNR-Tuscany Region, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Calderoni
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - L Giombini
- Eating Disorders Services - ASL n. 1 'Palazzo Francisci', Todi, Italy
| | | | - L Dalla Ragione
- Eating Disorders Services - ASL n. 1 'Palazzo Francisci', Todi, Italy
| | - F Muratori
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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