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Țiburcă L, Zaha DC, Jurca MC, Severin E, Jurca A, Jurca AD. The Role of Aminopeptidase ERAP1 in Human Pathology-A Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1651-1667. [PMID: 38534723 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aminopeptidases are a group of enzymatic proteins crucial for protein digestion, catalyzing the cleavage of amino acids at the N-terminus of peptides. Among them are ERAP1 (coding for endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1), ERAP2 (coding for endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2), and LNPEP (coding for leucyl and cystinyl aminopeptidase). These genes encoding these enzymes are contiguous and located on the same chromosome (5q21); they share structural homology and functions and are associated with immune-mediated diseases. These aminopeptidases play a key role in immune pathology by cleaving peptides to optimal sizes for binding to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and contribute to cellular homeostasis. By their ability to remove the extracellular region of interleukin 2 and 6 receptors (IL2, IL6) and the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF), ERAP1 and ERAP2 are involved in regulating the innate immune response and, finally, in blood pressure control and angiogenesis. The combination of specific genetic variations in these genes has been linked to various conditions, including autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases and cancer, as well as hematological and dermatological disorders. This literature review aims to primarily explore the impact of ERAP1 polymorphisms on its enzymatic activity and function. Through a systematic examination of the available literature, this review seeks to provide valuable insights into the role of ERAP1 in the pathogenesis of various diseases and its potential implications for targeted therapeutic interventions. Through an exploration of the complex interplay between ERAP1 and various disease states, this review contributes to the synthesis of current biomedical research findings and their implications for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Țiburcă
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Universității Street 1, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Dana Carmen Zaha
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Universității Street 1, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Maria Claudia Jurca
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Universității Street 1, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics Bihor, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bihor, 65-67, Gheorghe Doja Street, 410169 Oradea, Romania
| | - Emilia Severin
- Department of Genetics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu 37 Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora Jurca
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Universității Street 1, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Alexandru Daniel Jurca
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Universității Street 1, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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Ding M, Heydarpour M, Gomez DH, Aljaibeji H, Parksook WW, Peng L, Pojoga LH, Romero JR, Williams GH. ERAP1 Shows Distinct Regulatory Mechanisms on Blood Pressure Modulation Between Males and Females. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.07.544152. [PMID: 37333240 PMCID: PMC10274870 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.07.544152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The authors have withdrawn their manuscript owing to editing error. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
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ERAP1 and ERAP2 Enzymes: A Protective Shield for RAS against COVID-19? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041705. [PMID: 33567739 PMCID: PMC7914632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a wide variety of clinical outcomes ranging from asymptomatic to severe respiratory syndrome that can progress to life-threatening lung lesions. The identification of prognostic factors can help to improve the risk stratification of patients by promptly defining for each the most effective therapy to resolve the disease. The etiological agent causing COVID-19 is a new coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that enters cells via the ACE2 receptor. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a reduction in ACE2 levels, leading to an imbalance in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and consequently, in blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance. ERAP1 and ERAP2 are two RAS regulators and key components of MHC class I antigen processing. Their polymorphisms have been associated with autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, hypertension, and cancer. Based on their involvement in the RAS, we believe that the dysfunctional status of ERAP1 and ERAP2 enzymes may exacerbate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection, aggravating the symptomatology and clinical outcome of the disease. In this review, we discuss this hypothesis.
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de Castro JAL, Stratikos E. Intracellular antigen processing by ERAP2: Molecular mechanism and roles in health and disease. Hum Immunol 2018; 80:310-317. [PMID: 30414458 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2) is an intracellular enzyme localized in the ER that has been shown to play roles in the generation of peptides that serve as ligands for MHC class I (MHC-1) molecules. Although ERAP2 has been primarily described as an accessory and complementary enzyme to the homologous ERAP1, several lines of evidence during the last few years suggest that it can play distinct and important roles in processing antigenic peptides and influencing cellular cytotoxic immune responses. Such emerging evidence has been shaping ERAP2 as a potentially tractable target for regulating select autoimmune and anti-cancer responses for therapeutic purposes. Here, we review the state-of-the-art knowledge on the role of ERAP2 in antigen processing, its structure and molecular mechanism, influence on shaping MHC-I-bound immunopeptidomes and its involvement in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A López de Castro
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
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López de Castro JA. How ERAP1 and ERAP2 Shape the Peptidomes of Disease-Associated MHC-I Proteins. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2463. [PMID: 30425713 PMCID: PMC6219399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Four inflammatory diseases are strongly associated with Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) molecules: birdshot chorioretinopathy (HLA-A*29:02), ankylosing spondylitis (HLA-B*27), Behçet's disease (HLA-B*51), and psoriasis (HLA-C*06:02). The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases (ERAP) 1 and 2 are also risk factors for these diseases. Since both enzymes are involved in the final processing steps of MHC-I ligands it is reasonable to assume that MHC-I-bound peptides play a significant pathogenetic role. This review will mainly focus on recent studies concerning the effects of ERAP1 and ERAP2 polymorphism and expression on shaping the peptidome of disease-associated MHC-I molecules in live cells. These studies will be discussed in the context of the distinct mechanisms and substrate preferences of both enzymes, their different patterns of genetic association with various diseases, the role of polymorphisms determining changes in enzymatic activity or expression levels, and the distinct peptidomes of disease-associated MHC-I allotypes. ERAP1 and ERAP2 polymorphism and expression induce significant changes in multiple MHC-I-bound peptidomes. These changes are MHC allotype-specific and, without excluding a degree of functional inter-dependence between both enzymes, reflect largely separate roles in their processing of MHC-I ligands. The studies reviewed here provide a molecular basis for the distinct patterns of genetic association of ERAP1 and ERAP2 with disease and for the pathogenetic role of peptides. The allotype-dependent alterations induced on distinct peptidomes may explain that the joint association of both enzymes and unrelated MHC-I alleles influence different pathological outcomes.
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Zee RYL, Rivera A, Inostroza Y, Ridker PM, Chasman DI, Romero JR. Gene Variation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidases 1 and 2, and Risk of Blood Pressure Progression and Incident Hypertension among 17,255 Initially Healthy Women. Int J Genomics 2018; 2018:2308585. [PMID: 29850473 PMCID: PMC5933071 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2308585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP) in blood pressure (BP) homeostasis. To date, no large prospective, genetic-epidemiological data are available on genetic variation within ERAP and hypertension risk. The association of 45 genetic variants of ERAP1 and ERAP2 was investigated in 17,255 Caucasian female participants from the Women's Genome Health Study. All subjects were free of hypertension at baseline. During an 18-year follow-up period, 10,216 incident hypertensive cases were identified. Multivariable linear, logistic, and Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship of genotypes with baseline BP levels, BP progression at 48 months, and incident hypertension assuming an additive genetic model. Linear regression analyses showed associations of four tSNPs (ERAP1: rs27524; ERAP2: rs3733904, rs4869315, and rs2549782; all p < 0.05) with baseline systolic BP levels. Three tSNPs (ERAP1: rs27851, rs27429, and rs34736, all p < 0.05) were associated with baseline diastolic BP levels. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that ERAP1 rs27772 was associated with BP progression at 48 months (p = 0.0366). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed an association of three tSNPs (ERAP1: rs469783 and rs10050860; ERAP2: rs2927615; all p < 0.05) with risk of incident hypertension. Analyses of dbGaP for genotype-phenotype association and GTEx Portal for gene expression quantitative trait loci revealed five tSNPs with differential association of BP and nine tSNPs with lower ERAP1 and ERAP2 mRNA expression levels, respectively. The present study suggests that ERAP1 and ERAP2 gene variation may be useful for risk assessment of BP progression and the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Y. L. Zee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Alicia Rivera
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Vascular Biology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Yaritza Inostroza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jose R. Romero
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Williams MA, Biguetti C, Romero-Bustillos M, Maheshwari K, Dinckan N, Cavalla F, Liu X, Silva R, Akyalcin S, Uyguner ZO, Vieira AR, Amendt BA, Fakhouri WD, Letra A. Colorectal Cancer-Associated Genes Are Associated with Tooth Agenesis and May Have a Role in Tooth Development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2979. [PMID: 29445242 PMCID: PMC5813178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously reported co-occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and tooth agenesis (TA) and the overlap in disease-associated gene variants suggest involvement of similar molecular pathways. Here, we took an unbiased approach and tested genome-wide significant CRC-associated variants for association with isolated TA. Thirty single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in CRC-predisposing genes/loci were genotyped in a discovery dataset composed of 440 individuals with and without isolated TA. Genome-wide significant associations were found between TA and ATF1 rs11169552 (P = 4.36 × 10-10) and DUSP10 rs6687758 (P = 1.25 × 10-9), and positive association found with CASC8 rs10505477 (P = 8.2 × 10-5). Additional CRC marker haplotypes were also significantly associated with TA. Genotyping an independent dataset consisting of 52 cases with TA and 427 controls confirmed the association with CASC8. Atf1 and Dusp10 expression was detected in the mouse developing teeth from early bud stages to the formation of the complete tooth, suggesting a potential role for these genes and their encoded proteins in tooth development. While their individual contributions in tooth development remain to be elucidated, these genes may be considered candidates to be tested in additional populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Williams
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
| | - Claudia Biguetti
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sao Paulo Bauru Dental School, Bauru, 17012, Brazil
| | - Miguel Romero-Bustillos
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
| | - Kanwal Maheshwari
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
| | - Nuriye Dinckan
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Franco Cavalla
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sao Paulo Bauru Dental School, Bauru, 17012, Brazil
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Human Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston, 77054, USA
| | - Renato Silva
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
- Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, 77054, USA
| | - Sercan Akyalcin
- Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University, Boston, 02111, USA
| | - Z Oya Uyguner
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Departments of Oral Biology and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15229, USA
| | - Brad A Amendt
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
- Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
| | - Walid D Fakhouri
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
- Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, 77054, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA.
- Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, 77054, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA.
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