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Li WL, Liu YH, Li JX, Ding MT, Adeola AC, Isakova J, Aldashev AA, Peng MS, Huang X, Xie G, Chen X, Yang WK, Zhou WW, Ghanatsaman ZA, Olaogun SC, Sanke OJ, Dawuda PM, Hytönen MK, Lohi H, Esmailizadeh A, Poyarkov AD, Savolainen P, Wang GD, Zhang YP. Multiple Origins and Genomic Basis of Complex Traits in Sighthounds. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad158. [PMID: 37433053 PMCID: PMC10401622 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sighthounds, a distinctive group of hounds comprising numerous breeds, have their origins rooted in ancient artificial selection of dogs. In this study, we performed genome sequencing for 123 sighthounds, including one breed from Africa, six breeds from Europe, two breeds from Russia, and four breeds and 12 village dogs from the Middle East. We gathered public genome data of five sighthounds and 98 other dogs as well as 31 gray wolves to pinpoint the origin and genes influencing the morphology of the sighthound genome. Population genomic analysis suggested that sighthounds originated from native dogs independently and were comprehensively admixed among breeds, supporting the multiple origins hypothesis of sighthounds. An additional 67 published ancient wolf genomes were added for gene flow detection. Results showed dramatic admixture of ancient wolves in African sighthounds, even more than with modern wolves. Whole-genome scan analysis identified 17 positively selected genes (PSGs) in the African population, 27 PSGs in the European population, and 54 PSGs in the Middle Eastern population. None of the PSGs overlapped in the three populations. Pooled PSGs of the three populations were significantly enriched in "regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol" (gene ontology: 0051279), which is related to blood circulation and heart contraction. In addition, ESR1, JAK2, ADRB1, PRKCE, and CAMK2D were under positive selection in all three selected groups. This suggests that different PSGs in the same pathway contributed to the similar phenotype of sighthounds. We identified an ESR1 mutation (chr1: g.42,177,149 T > C) in the transcription factor (TF) binding site of Stat5a and a JAK2 mutation (chr1: g.93,277,007 T > A) in the TF binding site of Sox5. Functional experiments confirmed that the ESR1 and JAK2 mutation reduced their expression. Our results provide new insights into the domestication history and genomic basis of sighthounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Lue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Meng-Ting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Adeniyi C Adeola
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jainagul Isakova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Almaz A Aldashev
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Min-Sheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuezhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Guoli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Wei-Kang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zeinab Amiri Ghanatsaman
- Animal Science Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sunday C Olaogun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oscar J Sanke
- Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Taraba State Government, Jalingo, Nigeria
| | - Philip M Dawuda
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Lesotho, Roma, Southern Africa
| | - Marjo K Hytönen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ali Esmailizadeh
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Andrey D Poyarkov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Savolainen
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Gene Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Ai Y, Zhu Y, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhang J, Long X, Gu Q, Han H. Dynamic Changes in the Global Transcriptome of Postnatal Skeletal Muscle in Different Sheep. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1298. [PMID: 37372481 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheep growth performance, mainly skeletal muscle growth, provides direct economic benefits to the animal husbandry industry. However, the underlying genetic mechanisms of different breeds remain unclear. We found that the cross-sectional area (CSA) of skeletal muscle in Dorper (D) and binary cross-breeding (HD) was higher than that in Hu sheep (H) from 3 months to 12 months after birth. The transcriptomic analysis of 42 quadriceps femoris samples showed that a total of 5053 differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified. The differences in the global gene expression patterns, the dynamic transcriptome of skeletal muscle development, and the transcriptome of the transformation of fast and slow muscles were explored using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and allele-specific expression analysis. Moreover, the gene expression patterns of HD were more similar to D rather than H from 3 months to 12 months, which might be the reason for the difference in muscle growth in the three breeds. Additionally, several genes (GNB2L1, RPL15, DVL1, FBXO31, etc.) were identified as candidates related to skeletal muscle growth. These results should serve as an important resource revealing the molecular basis of muscle growth and development in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaning Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linli Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Xianlei Long
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qingyi Gu
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongbing Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Gerovska D, Araúzo-Bravo MJ. Skeletal Muscles of Sedentary and Physically Active Aged People Have Distinctive Genic Extrachromosomal Circular DNA Profiles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032736. [PMID: 36769072 PMCID: PMC9917053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To bring new extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) enrichment technologies closer to the clinic, specifically for screening, early diagnosis, and monitoring of diseases or lifestyle conditions, it is paramount to identify the differential pattern of the genic eccDNA signal between two states. Current studies using short-read sequenced purified eccDNA data are based on absolute numbers of unique eccDNAs per sample or per gene, length distributions, or standard methods for RNA-seq differential analysis. Previous analyses of RNA-seq data found significant transcriptomics difference between sedentary and active life style skeletal muscle (SkM) in young people but very few in old. The first attempt using circulomics data from SkM and blood of aged lifelong sedentary and physically active males found no difference at eccDNA level. To improve the capability of finding differences between circulomics data groups, we designed a computational method to identify Differentially Produced per Gene Circles (DPpGCs) from short-read sequenced purified eccDNA data based on the circular junction, split-read signal, of the eccDNA, and implemented it into a software tool DifCir in Matlab. We employed DifCir to find to the distinctive features of the influence of the physical activity or inactivity in the aged SkM that would have remained undetected by transcriptomics methods. We mapped the data from tissue from SkM and blood from two groups of aged lifelong sedentary and physically active males using Circle_finder and subsequent merging and filtering, to find the number and length distribution of the unique eccDNA. Next, we used DifCir to find up-DPpGCs in the SkM of the sedentary and active groups. We assessed the functional enrichment of the DPpGCs using Disease Gene Network and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. To find genes that produce eccDNA in a group without comparison with another group, we introduced a method to find Common PpGCs (CPpGCs) and used it to find CPpGCs in the SkM of the sedentary and active group. Finally, we found the eccDNA that carries whole genes. We discovered that the eccDNA in the SkM of the sedentary group is not statistically different from that of physically active aged men in terms of number and length distribution of eccDNA. In contrast, with DifCir we found distinctive gene-associated eccDNA fingerprints. We identified statistically significant up-DPpGCs in the two groups, with the top up-DPpGCs shed by the genes AGBL4, RNF213, DNAH7, MED13, and WWTR1 in the sedentary group, and ZBTB7C, TBCD, ITPR2, and DDX11-AS1 in the active group. The up-DPpGCs in both groups carry mostly gene fragments rather than whole genes. Though the subtle transcriptomics difference, we found RYR1 to be both transcriptionally up-regulated and up-DPpGCs gene in sedentary SkM. DifCir emphasizes the high sensitivity of the circulome compared to the transcriptome to detect the molecular fingerprints of exercise in aged SkM. It allows efficient identification of gene hotspots that excise more eccDNA in a health state or disease compared to a control condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gerovska
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Calle Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (M.J.A.-B.)
| | - Marcos J. Araúzo-Bravo
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Calle Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, Calle María Díaz Harokoa 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERfes), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Röntgenstr. 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (M.J.A.-B.)
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Wang X, Li Y, Li J, Li S, Wang F. Mechanism of METTL3-Mediated m6A Modification in Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis and Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2022; 37:435-448. [PMID: 35066738 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury is a complicated pathophysiological process associated with cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. Methyltransferase-like protein 3 (METTL3) catalyzes the formation of N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) and participates in various biological processes. This study probed into the mechanism of METTL3 in cardiomyocyte pyroptosis in MI/R injury. METHODS A rat model of MI/R was established. Rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment for the establishment of a cell model in vitro. METTL3 expression in myocardial tissues of MI/R rats and OGD/R-treated cardiomyocytes was determined using RT-qPCR and Western blot. The pathological changes of rat myocardial tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The positive expression of NLRP3 in myocardial tissues or cardiomyocytes was observed through immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence. The activity of caspase-1 was measured using the colorimetric method. The expressions of GSDMD and cleaved caspase-1, as well as the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in rat myocardial tissues or cardiomyocytes were determined. m6A modification level was quantified. The binding relationship between pri-miR-143-3p and DGCR8 and the enrichment of m6A on pri-miR-143-3p were detected. The binding relationship between miR-143-3p and protein kinase C epsilon (PRKCE) was verified. RESULTS METTL3 expression was elevated in MI/R rats and OGD/R cardiomyocytes. METTL3 silencing alleviated myocardial injury, reduced the number of NLRP3-positive cardiomyocytes, suppressed caspase-1 activity, decreased the protein levels of GSDMD-N and cleaved caspase-1, and decreased IL-1β and IL-18 levels. METTL3 increased the total m6A level in MI/R rats and injured cardiomyocytes, promoted DGCR8 binding to pri-miR-143-3p, and enhanced miR-143-3p expression. miR-143-3p suppressed PRKCE transcription, and miR-143-3p overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of METTL3 silencing on cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. CONCLUSION METTL3 promoted DGCR8 binding to pri-miR-143-3p through m6A modification, thus enhancing miR-143-3p expression to inhibit PRKCE transcription and further aggravating cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiahan Li
- The First Mobile Corps of People's Armed Police, Beijing, 101100, China
| | - Shiguo Li
- Department of Structural Heart Disease Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Liu Y, Wen C, Zhang Y, Liu Z, He Q, Cui M, Peng H, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li X, Wang Q. Aberrant expression of SNHG12 contributes to N, N-dimethylformamide-induced hepatic apoptosis both in short-term and long-term DMF exposure. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:1022-1033. [PMID: 34733487 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) can cause liver damage in occupationally exposed workers, but the molecular mechanism of DMF-induced liver damage has not been fully elucidated. Researches have proved that lncRNA plays a major function in chemical-induced liver toxicity and can be used as a biomarker and therapeutic target for liver injury. In order to verify that lncRNA also participates in DMF-induced liver damage, we treated HL-7702 cells with 75 or 150 mM DMF, and obtained lncRNA expression profiles through high-throughput sequencing. Among the differentially expressed lncRNAs, lncRNA SNHG12 was proved to be significantly downregulated in DMF-treated HL-7702 cells and participate in DMF-mediated apoptosis, even under long-term low-dose DMF exposure (5-10 mM, 8 weeks). In addition, according to bioinformatics analysis, miR-218-5p is expected to be a potential target of SNHG12, which was verified by the dual luciferase reporter assay in HEK293FT cells. MiR-218-5p mimic can induce apoptosis in HL-7702 cells. Among the predicted targets of miR-218-5p, protein kinase C epsilon (PRKCE) was reported to be involved in apoptosis, and was indeed downregulated by miR-218-5p mimic in our study. Further experiments showed that changes of the expression of SNHG12 can affect the expression of PRKCE. In the epidemiological study of occupational population, we also found that SNHG12 was downregulated in the serum exosomes of workers exposed to DMF. These results indicated that SNHG12 can mediate DMF-induced apoptosis of HL-7702 cells through miR-218-5p/PRKCE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Cuiju Wen
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Yangchun Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qianmei He
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mengxing Cui
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Honghao Peng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Chaanine AH. Metabolic Remodeling and Implicated Calcium and Signal Transduction Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910579. [PMID: 34638917 PMCID: PMC8508915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is an organ with high-energy demands in which the mitochondria are most abundant. They are considered the powerhouse of the cell and occupy a central role in cellular metabolism. The intermyofibrillar mitochondria constitute the majority of the three-mitochondrial subpopulations in the heart. They are also considered to be the most important in terms of their ability to participate in calcium and cellular signaling, which are critical for the regulation of mitochondrial function and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. This is because they are located in very close proximity with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and for the presence of tethering complexes enabling interorganelle crosstalk via calcium signaling. Calcium is an important second messenger that regulates mitochondrial function. It promotes ATP production and cellular survival under physiological changes in cardiac energetic demand. This is accomplished in concert with signaling pathways that regulate both calcium cycling and mitochondrial function. Perturbations in mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolic remodeling occupy a central role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. In this review we will discuss perturbations in ER-mitochondrial crosstalk and touch on important signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine H. Chaanine
- Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; ; Tel.: +1-(504)-988-1612
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Russell B, Solís C. Mechanosignaling pathways alter muscle structure and function by post-translational modification of existing sarcomeric proteins to optimize energy usage. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2021; 42:367-380. [PMID: 33595762 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-021-09596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A transduced mechanical signal arriving at its destination in muscle alters sarcomeric structure and function. A major question addressed is how muscle mass and tension generation are optimized to match actual performance demands so that little energy is wasted. Three cases for improved energy efficiency are examined: the troponin complex for tuning force production, control of the myosin heads in a resting state, and the Z-disc proteins for sarcomere assembly. On arrival, the regulation of protein complexes is often controlled by post-translational modification (PTM), of which the most common are phosphorylation by kinases, deacetylation by histone deacetylases and ubiquitination by E3 ligases. Another branch of signals acts not through peptide covalent bonding but via ligand interactions (e.g. Ca2+ and phosphoinositide binding). The myosin head and the regulation of its binding to actin by the troponin complex is the best and earliest example of signal destinations that modify myofibrillar contractility. PTMs in the troponin complex regulate both the efficiency of the contractile function to match physiologic demand for work, and muscle mass via protein degradation. The regulation of sarcomere assembly by integration of incoming signaling pathways causing the same PTMs or ligand binding are discussed in response to mechanical loading and unloading by the Z-disc proteins CapZ, α-actinin, telethonin, titin N-termini, and others. Many human mutations that lead to cardiomyopathy and heart disease occur in the proteins discussed above, which often occur at their PTM or ligand binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Russell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Christopher Solís
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Sex-Specific Alterations in Cardiac DNA Methylation in Adult Mice by Perinatal Lead Exposure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020577. [PMID: 33445541 PMCID: PMC7826866 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors play an important role in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases exhibit marked sexual dimorphism; however, the sex-specific effects of environmental exposures on cardiac health are incompletely understood. Perinatal and adult exposures to the metal lead (Pb) are linked to several adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but the sex-specific effects of this toxicant on the heart have received little attention. Perinatal environmental exposures can lead to disease through disruption of the normal epigenetic programming that occurs during early development. Using a mouse model of human-relevant perinatal environmental exposure, we investigated the effects of exposure to Pb during gestation and lactation on DNA methylation in the hearts of adult offspring mice (n = 6 per sex). Two weeks prior to mating, dams were assigned to control or Pb acetate (32 ppm) water, and exposure continued until offspring were weaned at three weeks of age. Enhanced reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing was used to measure DNA methylation in the hearts of offspring at five months of age. Although Pb exposure stopped at three weeks of age, we discovered hundreds of differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) and regions (DMRs) in males and females at five months of age. DMCs/DMRs and their associated genes were sex-specific, with a small, but statistically significant subset overlapping between sexes. Pathway analysis revealed altered methylation of genes important for cardiac and other tissue development in males, and histone demethylation in females. Together, these data demonstrate that perinatal exposure to Pb induces sex-specific changes in cardiac DNA methylation that are present long after cessation of exposure, and highlight the importance of considering sex in environmental epigenetics and mechanistic toxicology studies.
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Analysis of Genetic Variability in the Argentine Polo Horse With a Panel of Microsatellite Markers. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 96:103320. [PMID: 33349401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Argentine Polo (AP) is a young horse breed with a fast expansion because of an open registry policy and the application of assisted reproduction technologies. In the last years, AP showed a remarkable progress associated with the use of embryo transfer technology and intensive selection based on sport performance. However, these practices could have affected the genetic variability of the breed. To monitor these potential changes, a parentage panel of 11-15 microsatellites was investigated for changes in allele frequencies, heterozygosity, and exclusion probability over a 16 year period. Frequency of 36 alleles in 13 markers showed significant departures from expected changes because of random genetic drift. Six markers showed both allelic frequency increase and expected heterozygosity (He) reduction, suggesting the influence of selective breeding or hitchhiking effects. The average He decreased significantly although was lower than the observed heterozygosity, indicating a still low inbreeding level. Although the exclusion probability of the panel showed a trend to decrease, it is over 0.9995, the recommended value for equine parentage exclusion.
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Liskovykh M, Goncharov NV, Petrov N, Aksenova V, Pegoraro G, Ozbun LL, Reinhold WC, Varma S, Dasso M, Kumeiko V, Masumoto H, Earnshaw WC, Larionov V, Kouprina N. A novel assay to screen siRNA libraries identifies protein kinases required for chromosome transmission. Genome Res 2019; 29:1719-1732. [PMID: 31515286 PMCID: PMC6771407 DOI: 10.1101/gr.254276.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer is chromosome instability (CIN), which leads to aneuploidy, translocations, and other chromosome aberrations. However, in the vast majority of human tumors the molecular basis of CIN remains unknown, partly because not all genes controlling chromosome transmission have yet been identified. To address this question, we developed an experimental high-throughput imaging (HTI) siRNA assay that allows the identification of novel CIN genes. Our method uses a human artificial chromosome (HAC) expressing the GFP transgene. When this assay was applied to screen an siRNA library of protein kinases, we identified PINK1, TRIO, IRAK1, PNCK, and TAOK1 as potential novel genes whose knockdown induces various mitotic abnormalities and results in chromosome loss. The HAC-based assay can be applied for screening different siRNA libraries (cell cycle regulation, DNA damage response, epigenetics, and transcription factors) to identify additional genes involved in CIN. Identification of the complete spectrum of CIN genes will reveal new insights into mechanisms of chromosome segregation and may expedite the development of novel therapeutic strategies to target the CIN phenotype in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Liskovykh
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Nikolay V. Goncharov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690000, Russia
| | - Nikolai Petrov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Vasilisa Aksenova
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Gianluca Pegoraro
- High-Throughput Imaging Facility, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Laurent L. Ozbun
- High-Throughput Imaging Facility, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - William C. Reinhold
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sudhir Varma
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Mary Dasso
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690000, Russia
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818d, Japan
| | - William C. Earnshaw
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Natalay Kouprina
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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11
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Lucero M, Suarez AE, Chambers JW. Phosphoregulation on mitochondria: Integration of cell and organelle responses. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:837-858. [PMID: 31025544 PMCID: PMC6566066 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly integrated organelles that are crucial to cell adaptation and mitigating adverse physiology. Recent studies demonstrate that fundamental signal transduction pathways incorporate mitochondrial substrates into their biological programs. Reversible phosphorylation is emerging as a useful mechanism to modulate mitochondrial function in accordance with cellular changes. Critical serine/threonine protein kinases, such as the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), protein kinase A (PKA), PTEN-induced kinase-1 (PINK1), and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), readily translocate to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), the interface of mitochondria-cell communication. OMM protein kinases phosphorylate diverse mitochondrial substrates that have discrete effects on organelle dynamics, protein import, respiratory complex activity, antioxidant capacity, and apoptosis. OMM phosphorylation events can be tempered through the actions of local protein phosphatases, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), to regulate the extent and duration of signaling. The central mediators of OMM signal transduction are the scaffold proteins because the relative abundance of these accessory proteins determines the magnitude and duration of a signaling event on the mitochondrial surface, which dictates the biological outcome of a local signal transduction pathway. The concentrations of scaffold proteins, such as A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) and Sab (or SH3 binding protein 5-SH3BP5), have been shown to influence neuronal survival and vulnerability, respectively, in models of Parkinson's disease (PD), highlighting the importance of OMM signaling to health and disease. Despite recent progress, much remains to be discovered concerning the mechanisms of OMM signaling. Nonetheless, enhancing beneficial OMM signaling events and inhibiting detrimental protein-protein interactions on the mitochondrial surface may represent highly selective approaches to restore mitochondrial health and homeostasis and mitigate organelle dysfunction in conditions such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Lucero
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, the Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Ana E Suarez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, the Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Jeremy W Chambers
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, the Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
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12
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Thompson LP, Chen L, Polster BM, Pinkas G, Song H. Prenatal hypoxia impairs cardiac mitochondrial and ventricular function in guinea pig offspring in a sex-related manner. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R1232-R1241. [PMID: 30365351 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00224.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adverse intrauterine conditions cause fetal growth restriction and increase the risk of adult cardiovascular disease. We hypothesize that intrauterine hypoxia impairs fetal heart function, is sustained after birth, and manifests as both cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction in offspring guinea pigs (GPs). Pregnant GPs were exposed to 10.5% O2 (HPX) at 50 days of gestation (full term = 65 days) or normoxia (NMX) for the duration of the pregnancy. Pups were allowed to deliver vaginally and raised in a NMX environment. At 90 days of age, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured in anesthetized GPs. NMX and prenatally HPX offspring underwent echocardiographic imaging for in vivo measurement of left ventricular cardiac morphology and function, and O2 consumption rates and complex IV enzyme activity were measured from isolated cardiomyocytes and mitochondria, respectively. Prenatal HPX increased ( P < 0.01) MAP (52.3 ± 1.3 and 58.4 ± 1.1 mmHg in NMX and HPX, respectively) and decreased ( P < 0.05) stroke volume (439.8 ± 54.5 and 289.4 ± 15.8 μl in NMX and HPX, respectively), cardiac output (94.4 ± 11.2 and 67.3 ± 3.8 ml/min in NMX and HPX, respectively), ejection fraction, and fractional shortening in male, but not female, GPs. HPX had no effect on left ventricular wall thickness or end-diastolic volume in either sex. HPX reduced mitochondrial maximal respiration and respiratory reserve capacity and complex IV activity rates in hearts of male, but not female, GPs. Prenatal HPX is a programming stimulus that increases MAP and decreases cardiac and mitochondrial function in male offspring. Sex-related differences in the contractile and mitochondrial responses suggest that female GPs are protected from cardiovascular programming of prenatal HPX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren P Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology and Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gerard Pinkas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hong Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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13
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Mkrtschjan MA, Solís C, Wondmagegn AY, Majithia J, Russell B. PKC epsilon signaling effect on actin assembly is diminished in cardiomyocytes when challenged to additional work in a stiff microenvironment. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 75:363-371. [PMID: 30019430 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The stiffness of the microenvironment surrounding a cell can result in cytoskeletal remodeling, leading to altered cell function and tissue macrostructure. In this study, we tuned the stiffness of the underlying substratum on which neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were grown in culture to mimic normal (10 kPa), pathological stiffness of fibrotic myocardium (100 kPa), and a nonphysiological extreme (glass). Cardiomyocytes were then challenged by beta adrenergic stimulation through isoproterenol treatment to investigate the response to acute work demand for cells grown on surfaces of varying stiffness. In particular, the PKCɛ signaling pathway and its role in actin assembly dynamics were examined. Significant changes in contractile metrics were seen on cardiomyocytes grown on different surfaces, but all cells responded to isoproterenol treatment, eventually reaching similar time to peak tension. In contrast, the assembly rate of actin was significantly higher on stiff surfaces, so that only cells grown on soft surfaces were able to respond to acute isoproterenol treatment. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer of immunofluorescence on the cytoskeletal fraction of cardiomyocytes confirmed that the molecular interaction of PKCɛ with the actin capping protein, CapZ, was very low on soft substrata but significantly increased with isoproterenol treatment, or on stiff substrata. Therefore, the stiffness of the culture surface chosen for in vitro experiments might mask the normal signaling and affect the ability to translate basic science more effectively into human therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Mkrtschjan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christopher Solís
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Admasu Y Wondmagegn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Janki Majithia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brenda Russell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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14
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Hong H, Tao T, Chen S, Liang C, Qiu Y, Zhou Y, Zhang R. MicroRNA-143 promotes cardiac ischemia-mediated mitochondrial impairment by the inhibition of protein kinase Cepsilon. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:60. [PMID: 28887629 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The cardioprotection of protein kinase Cepsilon (PKCε) against myocardial infarction (MI) mediated by its anti-apoptotic property and underlying mechanism of targeted regulation by microRNA (miRNA) are not established. MI-induced injury, PKCε expression, and targeted regulation of miRNA-143 (miR-143) to PKCε have been evaluated using animal MI and cellular hypoxic models conjugated with series of state-of-art molecular techniques. The results demonstrated that PKCε significantly downregulated along with increased infarcted area and apoptotic and necrotic damage in MI model, and the targeted relationship and potential binding profile were established between miR-143 and PKCε. Both in vivo and in vitro ischemic tests showed that miR-143 induced apoptosis and necrosis, which was reversed by antagomiR-143 or AMO-143. The upregulation of miR-143 by transfection of miR-143 in vitro also induced cell loss, and this effect of miR-143 was completely reversed by co-transfection of miR-143 with AMO-143. The identically deleterious action of miR-143 on mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis was also observed in both animal MI and cellular hypoxic models, as well as miR-143 overexpressed models and converted by either antagomiR or AMO. Importantly, overexpression of miR-143 downregulated PKCε in all tested models and this downregulation was reversed in the presence of antagomiR or AMO. The direct targeted regulation of miR-143 on PKCε was confirmed by luciferase reporter and miRNA-masking tests. In conclusion, MI-mediated upregulation of miR-143 inhibits PKCε expression and consequently interference with the cardioprotection of PKCε to mitochondrial, and leads to mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation and myocardial death eventually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hong
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Tao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoqi Liang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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15
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Wang S, Zhang F, Zhao G, Cheng Y, Wu T, Wu B, Zhang YE. Mitochondrial PKC-ε deficiency promotes I/R-mediated myocardial injury via GSK3β-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2009-2021. [PMID: 28266127 PMCID: PMC5571523 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission is critically involved in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which has been considered as one of the leading causes of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐induced myocardial injury. In our previous works, we demonstrate that aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) deficiency aggravates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether ALDH2 deficiency promotes mitochondrial injury and cardiomyocyte death in response to I/R stress and the underlying mechanism. I/R injury was induced by aortic cross‐clamping for 45 min. followed by unclamping for 24 hrs in ALDH2 knockout (ALDH2−/−) and wild‐type (WT) mice. Then myocardial infarct size, cell apoptosis and cardiac function were examined. The protein kinase C (PKC) isoform expressions and their mitochondrial translocation, the activity of dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1), caspase9 and caspase3 were determined by Western blot. The effects of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) or PKC‐δ shRNA treatment on glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) activity and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening were also detected. The results showed that ALDH2−/− mice exhibited increased myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, enhanced levels of cleaved caspase9, caspase3 and phosphorylated Drp1. Mitochondrial PKC‐ε translocation was lower in ALDH2−/− mice than in WT mice, and PKC‐δ was the opposite. Further data showed that mitochondrial PKC isoform ratio was regulated by cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, which could be reversed by NAC pre‐treatment under I/R injury. In addition, PKC‐ε inhibition caused activation of caspase9, caspase3 and Drp1Ser616 in response to I/R stress. Importantly, expression of phosphorylated GSK‐3β (inactive form) was lower in ALDH2−/− mice than in WT mice, and both were increased by NAC pre‐treatment. I/R‐induced mitochondrial translocation of GSK‐3β was inhibited by PKC‐δ shRNA or NAC pre‐treatment. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) was reduced in ALDH2−/− mice after I/R, which was partly reversed by the GSK‐3β inhibitor (SB216763) or PKC‐δ shRNA. Collectively, our data provide the evidence that abnormal PKC‐ε/PKC‐δ ratio promotes the activation of Drp1 signalling, caspase cascades and GSK‐3β‐dependent mPTP opening, which results in mitochondrial injury‐triggered cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial dysfuction in ALDH2−/− mice following I/R stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Heart Centre of Zhengzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - You-En Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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16
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Capuani B, Pacifici F, Pastore D, Palmirotta R, Donadel G, Arriga R, Bellia A, Di Daniele N, Rogliani P, Abete P, Sbraccia P, Guadagni F, Lauro D, Della-Morte D. The role of epsilon PKC in acute and chronic diseases: Possible pharmacological implications of its modulators. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:659-667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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