1
|
Moeinafshar A, Nouri M, Shokrollahi N, Masrour M, Behnam A, Tehrani Fateh S, Sadeghi H, Miryounesi M, Ghasemi MR. Non-coding RNAs as potential therapeutic targets for receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in solid tumors: current status and future directions. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38200584 PMCID: PMC10782702 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article presents an in-depth analysis of the current state of research on receptor tyrosine kinase regulatory non-coding RNAs (RTK-RNAs) in solid tumors. RTK-RNAs belong to a class of non-coding RNAs (nc-RNAs) responsible for regulating the expression and activity of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which play a critical role in cancer development and progression. The article explores the molecular mechanisms through which RTK-RNAs modulate RTK signaling pathways and highlights recent advancements in the field. This include the identification of potential new RTK-RNAs and development of therapeutic strategies targeting RTK-RNAs. While the review discusses promising results from a variety of studies, encompassing in vitro, in vivo, and clinical investigations, it is important to acknowledge the challenges and limitations associated with targeting RTK-RNAs for therapeutic applications. Further studies involving various cancer cell lines, animal models, and ultimately, patients are necessary to validate the efficacy of targeting RTK-RNAs. The specificity of ncRNAs in targeting cellular pathways grants them tremendous potential, but careful consideration is required to minimize off-target effects, the article additionally discusses the potential clinical applications of RTK-RNAs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In essence, by providing a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of RTK-RNAs in solid tumors, this review emphasizes their potential as therapeutic targets for cancer while acknowledging the associated challenges and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aysan Moeinafshar
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Shokrollahi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Masrour
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Behnam
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahand Tehrani Fateh
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Miryounesi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Ghasemi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun D, Gong L, Wang X, Chen S, Yi J, Liu X. Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Promote the Occurrence and Development of Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting miR-615-5p. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1854-1864. [PMID: 37300504 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) may be prone to colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), but there is still a poor understanding of the underlying mechanism so far. This study intended to clarify the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and miR-615-5p in this process. METHODS This experiment first detected miR-615-5p expressions in paraffin-embedded sections of colonic tissues from patients with UC and CAC. Then, we investigated the mechanism through which pro-inflammatory cytokines affected miR-615-5p. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro tests were performed to identify how miR-615-5p affected colorectal cancer (CRC). Dual-luciferase reporter assay was then employed to identify the targeting relationship between miR-615-5p and stanniocalcin-1 (STC1). RESULTS The miR-615-5p was lowly expressed in both cancerous and noncancerous colonic tissues of patients with CAC. Pro-inflammatory cytokines downregulated miR-615-5p expression. Overexpression of miR-615-5p reduced the proliferation and migration of CRC cells and had a certain therapeutic effect on in human CRC xenograft mice. Stanniocalcin-1 was identified to be a target gene of miR-615-5p and was involved in the effect of miR-615-5p on CRC. CONCLUSIONS During the progression from UC to CAC, pro-inflammatory cytokines downregulate miR-615-5p, which may induce the upregulation of STC1, and promote the occurrence and development of tumors. These findings offer new insights into the mechanism of CAC and may indicate novel tumor markers or therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danping Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingqi Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuijiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou J, Xu M, Chen Z, Huang L, Wu Z, Huang Z, Liu L. circ_SPEF2 Regulates the Balance of Treg Cells by Regulating miR-16-5p/BACH2 in Lymphoma and Participates in the Immune Response. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:1145-1159. [PMID: 37801226 PMCID: PMC10645944 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore the potential mechanism of action of the newly discovered hsa_circ_0128899 (circSPEF2) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS circSPEF2, miR-16-5p and BTB and CNC homologue 2 (BACH2) expression patterns in DLBCL patients and cell lines were studied by RT-qPCR. The biological function of circSPEF2 in vitro and in vivo was investigated by function acquisition experiments. The proliferation activity of lymphoma cells was detected by MTT. Bax, Caspase-3, and Bcl-2 were determined by Western Blot. Apoptosis and the ratio of CD4 to Treg of immune cells in the co-culture system were analyzed by flow cytometry. The mechanism of action of circSPEF2 in DLBCL progression was further investigated by RIP and dual luciferase reporter experiments. RESULTS circSPEF2 was a circRNA with abnormally down-regulated expression in DLBCL. Increasing circSPEF2 expression inhibited the proliferative activity and induced apoptosis of lymphoma cells in vitro and in vivo, as well as increased CD4+T cells and decreased Treg cell proportion of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Mechanically, circSPEF2 was bound to miR-16-5p expression, while BACH2 was targeted by miR-16-5p. circSPEF2 overexpression-mediated effects on lymphoma progression were reversible by upregulating miR-16-5p or downregulating BACH2. CONCLUSIONS circSPEF2 can influence DLBCL progression by managing cellular proliferation and apoptosis and the proportion of immune cells Treg and CD4 through the miR-16-5p/BACH2 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Affiliated Union Hospital, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan City, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Affiliated Union Hospital, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan City, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - ZhaoZhao Chen
- Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Affiliated Union Hospital, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan City, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - LinLin Huang
- Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Affiliated Union Hospital, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan City, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - ZhuoLin Wu
- Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Affiliated Union Hospital, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan City, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - ZhongPei Huang
- Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Affiliated Union Hospital, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan City, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Affiliated Union Hospital, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan City, 430022, Hubei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu WS, Wheeler BD, Ansel KM. RNA circuits and RNA-binding proteins in T cells. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:792-806. [PMID: 37599172 PMCID: PMC10890840 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
RNA is integral to the regulatory circuits that control cell identity and behavior. Cis-regulatory elements in mRNAs interact with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that can alter RNA sequence, stability, and translation into protein. Similarly, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) scaffold ribonucleoprotein complexes that mediate transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Indeed, cell programming is fundamental to multicellular life and, in this era of cellular therapies, it is of particular interest in T cells. Here, we review key concepts and recent advances in our understanding of the RNA circuits and RBPs that govern mammalian T cell differentiation and immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wandi S Zhu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Benjamin D Wheeler
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qadir J, Wen SY, Yuan H, Yang BB. CircRNAs regulate the crosstalk between inflammation and tumorigenesis: The bilateral association and molecular mechanisms. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1514-1532. [PMID: 36518080 PMCID: PMC10278049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, a hallmark of cancer, has been associated with tumor progression, transition into malignant phenotype and efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agents in cancer. Chronic inflammation provides a favorable environment for tumorigenesis by inducing immunosuppression, whereas acute inflammation prompts tumor suppression by generating anti-tumor immune responses. Inflammatory factors derived from interstitial cells or tumor cells can stimulate cell proliferation and survival by modulating oncogenes and/or tumor suppressors. Recently, a new class of RNAs, i.e., circular RNAs (circRNAs), has been implicated in inflammatory diseases. Although there are reports on circRNAs imparting functions in inflammatory insults, whether these circularized transcripts hold the potential to regulate inflammation-induced cancer or tumor-related inflammation, and modulate the interactions between tumor microenvironment (TME) and the inflammatory stromal/immune cells, awaits further elucidation. Contextually, the current review describes the molecular association between inflammation and cancer, and spotlights the regulatory mechanisms by which circRNAs can moderate TME in response to inflammatory signals/triggers. We also present comprehensive information about the immune cell(s)-specific expression and functions of the circRNAs in TME, modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways to drive tumorigenesis, and their plausible roles in inflammasomes and tumor development. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of these circRNAs in harnessing inflammatory responses in cancer is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Qadir
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shuo-Yang Wen
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hui Yuan
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Burton B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Du J, Jia F, Wang L. Advances in the Study of circRNAs in Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:900374. [PMID: 35795049 PMCID: PMC9250989 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.900374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non–protein-coding RNAs that have a circular structure and do not possess a 5` cap or 3` poly-A tail. Their structure is more stable than that of linear RNAs, and they are difficult to deform via hydrolysis. Advancements in measurement technology such as RNA sequencing have enabled the detection of circRNAs in various eukaryotes in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The main function of circRNAs involves sponging of microRNAs (MiRNAs) and interaction with proteins associated with physiological and pathological processes, while some circRNAs are involved in translation. circRNAs act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes during the development of many tumors and are emerging as new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. They also affect resistance to certain chemotherapy drugs such as imatinib. The objective of this review is to investigate the expression and clinical significance of circRNAs in hematological malignancies. We will also explore the effect of circRNAs on proliferation and apoptosis in hematological malignancy cells and their possible use as biomarkers or targets to determine prognoses. The current literature indicates that circRNAs may provide new therapeutic strategies for patients with hematologic malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Du
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Feiyu Jia
- Department of Education and Teaching, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Wang, ; Feiyu Jia,
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
- Linyi Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Linyi, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Wang, ; Feiyu Jia,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Roy RK, Yadav R, Sharma U, Kaushal Wasson M, Sharma A, Tanwar P, Jain A, Prakash H. Impact of non-coding RNAs on cancer directed immune therapies: Now then and forever. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:981-992. [PMID: 35489027 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the host genome's epigenetic modifications are essential for living organisms to adapt to extreme conditions. DNA methylation, covalent modifications of histone, and inter-association of non-coding RNAs facilitate the cellular manifestation of epigenetic changes in the genome. Out of various factors involved in the epigenetic programming of the host, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA, snoRNA and piRNA are new generation non-coding molecules that influence a variety of cellular processes like immunity, cellular differentiation, and tumor development. During tumor development, temporal changes in miRNA/LncRNA rheostat influence sterile inflammatory responses accompanied by the changes in the carcinogenic signaling in the host. At the cellular level, this is manifested by the up-regulation of Inflammasome and inflammatory pathways, which promotes cancer-related inflammation. Given this, we discuss the potential of lncRNAs, miRNAs, circular RNA, snoRNA and piRNA in regulating inflammation and tumor development in the host. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar Roy
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, India
| | - Rakhi Yadav
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, India
| | - Uttam Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma AR, Banerjee S, Bhattacharya M, Saha A, Lee SS, Chakraborty C. Recent progress of circular RNAs in different types of human cancer: Technological landscape, clinical opportunities and challenges (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 60:56. [PMID: 35362541 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of endogenous non‑coding RNAs that have been recently regarded as functionally active. CircRNAs are remarkably stable and known to possess several biological functions such as microRNA sponging, regulating transcription and splicing and occasionally acting as polypeptide‑producing templates. CircRNAs show tissue‑specific expression and have been reported to be associated with the progression of several types of malignancies. Given the recent progress in genome sequencing and bioinformatics techniques, a rapid increment in the biological role of circRNAs has been observed. Concurrently, the patent search from different patent databases shows that the patent number of circRNA is increasing very quickly. These phenomena reveal a rapid development of the technological landscape. In the present review, the recent progress on circRNAs in various kinds of cancer has been investigated and their function as biomarkers or therapeutic targets and their technological landscape have been appreciated. A new insight into circRNAs structure and functional capabilities in cancer has been reviewed. Continually increasing knowledge on their critical role during cancer progression is projecting them as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for various kinds of cancer. Thus, recent updates on the functional role of circRNAs in terms of the technological landscape, clinical opportunities (biomarkers and therapeutic targets), and challenges in cancer have been illustrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University‑Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Shreya Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, Odisha 756020, India
| | - Abinit Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University‑Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lift the curtain on long non-coding RNAs in hematological malignancies: Pathogenic elements and potential targets. Cancer Lett 2022; 536:215645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
10
|
Shen Q, Liu X, Li W, Zhao X, Li T, Zhou K, Zhou J. Emerging Role and Mechanism of circRNAs in Pediatric Malignant Solid Tumors. Front Genet 2022; 12:820936. [PMID: 35116058 PMCID: PMC8804321 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.820936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with covalent closed-loop structures and are widely distributed in eukaryotes, conserved and stable as well as tissue-specific. Malignant solid tumors pose a serious health risk to children and are one of the leading causes of pediatric mortality. Studies have shown that circRNAs play an important regulatory role in the development of childhood malignant solid tumors, hence are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumors. This paper reviews the biological characteristics and functions of circRNAs as well as the research progress related to childhood malignant solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Shen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of ENT, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- *Correspondence: Jianfeng Zhou, ; Kai Zhou,
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianfeng Zhou, ; Kai Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao CX, Yan ZX, Wen JJ, Fu D, Xu PP, Wang L, Cheng S, Hu JD, Zhao WL. CircEAF2 counteracts Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma progression via miR-BART19-3p/APC/β-catenin axis. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:153. [PMID: 34852843 PMCID: PMC8638185 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) represents an important pathogenic factor of lymphoma and is significantly associated with poor clinical outcome of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an essential role in lymphoma progression. However, the underlying mechanism of circRNA on DLBCL progression related to EBV remains largely unknown. Methods CircRNA was screened by high-throughput sequencing in tumor samples of 12 patients with DLBCL according to EBV infection status. Expression of circEAF2, as well as the relationship with clinical characteristics and prognosis, were further analyzed in tumor samples of 100 DLBCL patients using quantitative real-time PCR. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to investigate the biological functions of circEAF2 both in vitro and in vivo. The underlying mechanism of circRNA on DLBCL progression were further determined by RNA sequencing, RNA pull down assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay, rescue experiments and western blotting. Results We identified a novel circRNA circEAF2, which was downregulated in EBV + DLBCL and negatively correlated with EBV infection and DLBCL progression. In EBV-positive B lymphoma cells, circEAF2 overexpression induced lymphoma cell apoptosis and sensitized lymphoma cells to epirubicin. As mechanism of action, circEAF2 specifically targeted EBV-encoded miR-BART19-3p, upregulated APC, and suppressed downstream β-catenin expression, resulting in inactivation of Wnt signaling pathway and inhibition of EBV + DLBCL cell proliferation. In EBV-positive B-lymphoma murine models, xenografted tumors with circEAF2 overexpression presented decreased Ki-67 positivity, increased cell apoptosis and retarded tumor growth. Conclusions CircEAF2 counteracted EBV + DLBCL progression via miR-BART19-3p/APC/β-catenin axis, referring circEAF2 as a potential prognostic biomarker. Therapeutic targeting EBV-encoded miRNA may be a promising strategy in treating EBV-associated lymphoid malignancies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-021-01458-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xing Zhao
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Zi-Xun Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Di Fu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Peng-Peng Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant et Génomique, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Cheng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jian-da Hu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| | - Wei-Li Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant et Génomique, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Babin L, Andraos E, Fuchs S, Pyronnet S, Brunet E, Meggetto F. From circRNAs to fusion circRNAs in hematological malignancies. JCI Insight 2021; 6:151513. [PMID: 34747369 PMCID: PMC8663548 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a type of endogenous noncoding RNA generated by back-splicing events. Unlike the majority of RNAs, circRNAs are covalently closed, without a 5' end or a 3' poly(A) tail. A few circRNAs can be associated with polysomes, suggesting a protein-coding potential. CircRNAs are not degraded by RNA exonucleases or ribonuclease R and are enriched in exosomes. Recent developments in experimental methods coupled with evolving bioinformatic approaches have accelerated functional investigation of circRNAs, which exhibit a stable structure, a long half-life, and tumor specificity and can be extracted from body fluids and used as potential biological markers for tumors. Moreover, circRNAs may regulate the occurrence and development of cancers and contribute to drug resistance through a variety of molecular mechanisms. Despite the identification of a growing number of circRNAs, their effects in hematological cancers remain largely unknown. Recent studies indicate that circRNAs could also originate from fusion genes (fusion circRNAs, f-circRNAs) next to chromosomal translocations, which are considered the primary cause of various cancers, notably hematological malignancies. This Review will focus on circRNAs and f-circRNAs in hematological cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loelia Babin
- CRCT INSERM, UMR1037, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse III University-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 INSERM, UMR5071 CNRS, Toulouse, France.,The Toulouse Cancer Laboratory of Excellence (TOUCAN), Toulouse, France
| | - Elissa Andraos
- CRCT INSERM, UMR1037, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse III University-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 INSERM, UMR5071 CNRS, Toulouse, France.,The Toulouse Cancer Laboratory of Excellence (TOUCAN), Toulouse, France
| | - Steffen Fuchs
- CRCT INSERM, UMR1037, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse III University-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 INSERM, UMR5071 CNRS, Toulouse, France.,The Toulouse Cancer Laboratory of Excellence (TOUCAN), Toulouse, France.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Charité University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stéphane Pyronnet
- CRCT INSERM, UMR1037, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse III University-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 INSERM, UMR5071 CNRS, Toulouse, France.,The Toulouse Cancer Laboratory of Excellence (TOUCAN), Toulouse, France
| | - Erika Brunet
- Imagine Institute INSERM Joint Research Unit 1163, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Meggetto
- CRCT INSERM, UMR1037, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse III University-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 INSERM, UMR5071 CNRS, Toulouse, France.,The Toulouse Cancer Laboratory of Excellence (TOUCAN), Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mei M, Wang Y, Song W, Li Z, Wang Q, Li J, Zhang M. CircADARB1 serves as a new biomarker in natural killer T-cell lymphoma and a potential regulator of p-Stat3. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:594. [PMID: 34736477 PMCID: PMC8567645 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. CircRNA has shown great potential to become a biomarker in plasma. In this study, we aimed to determine circRNA for its diagnostic and prognostic value and biological function in NKTCL. Method The circRNA microarray of plasma from NKTCL patients and healthy donors were conducted. The relative expressions of target circRNA were verified by qRT-PCR. We conducted function experiments in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics predicted the target miRNA of the target circRNA and the binding site was detected by the dual luciferase report assay. Downstream target protein was predicted and detected by western blot in vitro and immunohistochemistry in vivo. Result By analyzing the plasma circRNA microarrays in NKTCL, 6137 circRNAs were up-regulated and 6190 circRNAs were down-regulated. The relative expressions of circADARB1 were significantly higher in NKTCL patients. The knockdown of circADARB1 inhibited proliferation of NKTCL cells in vitro and in vivo. CircADARB1 could bind to miR-214-3p in the downstream and regulate the expression of p-Stat3. In nude mice tumor tissue, p-Stat3 was under-expressed in the circADARB1 knockdown group. Conclusion CircADARB1 was highly expressed in NKTCL plasma and circADARB1 was a potential biomarker to assist diagnosis and predict the response in NKTCL. CircADARB1 bound up to miR-214-3p and regulated p-Stat3. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02296-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Mei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenting Song
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhaoming Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiayin Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Lymphoma of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Papatsirou M, Artemaki PI, Karousi P, Scorilas A, Kontos CK. Circular RNAs: Emerging Regulators of the Major Signaling Pathways Involved in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112744. [PMID: 34205978 PMCID: PMC8198587 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction is an essential process that regulates and coordinates fundamental cellular processes, such as development, immunity, energy metabolism, and apoptosis. Through signaling, cells are capable of perceiving their environment and adjusting to changes, and most signaling cascades ultimately lead to alterations in gene expression. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute an emerging type of endogenous transcripts with regulatory roles and unique properties. They are stable and expressed in a tissue-, cell-, and developmental stage-specific manner, while they are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer. Aberrantly expressed circRNAs can mediate cancer progression through regulation of the activity of major signaling cascades, such as the VEGF, WNT/β-catenin, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and Notch signaling pathways, as well as by interfering with signaling crosstalk. Deregulated signaling can then function to induce angiogenesis, promote invasion, migration, and metastasis, and, generally, modulate the hallmarks of cancer. In this review article, we summarize the most recently described and intriguing cases of circRNA-mediated signaling regulation that are involved in cancer progression, and discuss the biomarker potential of circRNAs, as well as future therapeutic applications.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang L, Yang B, Xu Z, Song X, Gong Z, Xue S, Kong L. NRF1-regulated CircNSUN2 promotes lymphoma progression through activating Wnt signaling pathway via stabilizing HMGA1. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:819-828. [PMID: 33858292 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1897272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is the malignant tumor in the lymphatic system. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with closed structure, which have been reported to perform critical functions in various tumor progressions. However, the role of circNSUN2 in lymphoma has not been well explored. Quantitative reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay was performed to test the expression of circNSUN2 in malignant lymphoma tissues and normal lymph tissues, as well as in human peripheral blood lymphocyte cell line and malignant lymphoma cell lines. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the function of circNSUN2 on lymphoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. DNA pull-down assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assay were employed to test the interaction between circNSUN2 and NRF1. TOP/FOP flash reporter assay was performed to detect influence of circNSUN2 on Wnt pathway. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay were performed to explore interaction between HMGA1 and circNSUN2 through Wnt pathway. CircNSUN2 expression was abnormally high in malignant lymphoma tissues and cell lines. CircNSUN2 inhibition could reduce proliferation and invasion of lymphoma. Bioinformatic analysis, DNA pull-down, ChIP and luciferase reporter experiments confirmed that circNSUN2 could be modulated by transcription factor NRF1. Through RT-qPCR, western blot and luciferase reporter assays, circNSUN2 was proved to influence Wnt pathway by modulating HMGA1. CircNSUN2 regulated by transcription factor NRF1 could promote lymphoma progression through activating Wnt pathway via stabilizing HMGA1.[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Medical Detection, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ziguang Xu
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Song
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhiquan Gong
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuang Xue
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lingfei Kong
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The Yin and Yang of Discoidin Domain Receptors (DDRs): Implications in Tumor Growth and Metastasis Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071725. [PMID: 33917302 PMCID: PMC8038660 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor development and metastasis. Collagens are major components of the extracellular matrix and can influence tumor development and metastasis by activating discoidin domain receptors (DDRs). This work shows the different roles of DDRs in various cancers and highlights the complexity of anti-DDR therapies in cancer treatment. Abstract The tumor microenvironment is a complex structure composed of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and nontumoral cells (notably cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and immune cells). Collagens are the main components of the ECM and they are extensively remodeled during tumor progression. Some collagens are ligands for the discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinases, DDR1 and DDR2. DDRs are involved in different stages of tumor development and metastasis formation. In this review, we present the different roles of DDRs in these processes and discuss controversial findings. We conclude by describing emerging DDR inhibitory strategies, which could be used as new alternatives for the treatment of patients.
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu Y, Gao P, Wang Z, Su Z, Liao G, Han Y, Cui Y, Yao Y, Zhong X. Circ-LAMP1 contributes to the growth and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma via miR-556-5p and miR-567 mediated YY1 activation. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3226-3238. [PMID: 33675150 PMCID: PMC8034453 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) executes important regulatory roles in carcinogenesis. Nonetheless, few studies focused on the mechanisms of circRNAs in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). qRT‐PCR was applied to verify the dysregulated circRNAs in CCA. Fisher's exact test, Kaplan‐Meier analysis and Cox regression model were utilized to investigate the clinical implications of circ‐LAMP1 in the patients with CCA. The viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion of CCA cells were detected after silencing/overexpression of circ‐LAMP1. Xenograft and lung metastasis assays were performed to verify the in vitro results. The regulatory networks of circ‐LAMP1 were unveiled by bioinformatic analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pulldown and luciferase reporter assays. Up‐regulation of circ‐LAMP1 was found in CCA tissue samples and cell lines. Enhanced level of circ‐LAMP1 was linked to clinical severity, high post‐operative recurrence and poor prognosis for the patients with CCA. Gain/loss‐of‐function assays confirmed the oncogenic role of circ‐LAMP1 in mediating cell growth, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Nevertheless, the level of circ‐LAMP1 had no effect on normal biliary epithelium proliferation and apoptosis. Animal study further verified the in vitro data. Mechanistically, circ‐LAMP1 directly sponged miR‐556‐5p and miR‐567, thereby releasing their suppression on YY1 at post‐transcriptional level. Rescue assay indicated that the oncogenic role of circ‐LAMP1 is partially dependent on its modulation of YY1 in CCA. In summary, this study suggested that circ‐LAMP1 might be used as a promising biomarker/therapeutic target for CCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Young Scholar of General Surgery Climbing Program of China, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhilei Su
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guanqun Liao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yi Han
- Department for Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery at the University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yifeng Cui
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen L, Shan G. CircRNA in cancer: Fundamental mechanism and clinical potential. Cancer Lett 2021; 505:49-57. [PMID: 33609610 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a class of single-stranded noncoding RNAs that are formed in a circular conformation via non-canonical splicing or back-splicing events. Aberrant expressions of many circRNAs are observed in diverse cancers, indicating their crucial roles in tumorigenesis and tumor development. Recently, several pieces of evidence have revealed that many circRNAs are involved in the promotion or suppression of cancers to varying degrees via different molecular mechanisms. Here in this review, we present a summary of the characteristics, types, biogenesis, and functions of circRNAs, and outline a series of the most recently studied circRNAs and their functional mechanisms in multiple cancer types with future perspectives. With great advances in nucleic acid-based therapeutic tools, circRNAs could be further explored as targetable molecules in future cancer treatments.0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Ge Shan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li H, Zhi Y, Ma C, Shen Q, Sun F, Cai C. Circ_0062020 Knockdown Strengthens the Radiosensitivity of Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:11701-11712. [PMID: 33235500 PMCID: PMC7680143 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s273826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major contributor to reduce the life quality of males. Circular RNAs were frequently reported to be associated with cancers. In the case of radiotherapy to PCa, the role of circ_0062020 was still inconclusive, which was further explored in this study. Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of circ_0062020, miR-615-5p and thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13 (TRIP13) in PCa tissues and cells, as well as in normal tissues and cell. Meanwhile, the proliferation of PCa cells was evaluated by clone formation assay and cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) assay. Moreover, the metastasis of PCa cells was assessed by transwell and wound healing assays. Furthermore, the apoptosis of PCa cells was determined by flow cytometry assay. Besides, dual-luciferase reporter system was applied to verify the correlation between miR-615-5p and circ_0062020 or TRIP13, which was predicted by online tool CircRNA interactome or TargetScan. In addition, the protein expression of TRIP13 was measured by Western blot in PCa tissues and cells and normal tissues and cells. Finally, xenograft tumor assay was performed to further confirming the function of circ_0062020 in PCa in vivo. Results Circ_0062020 and TRIP13 were upregulated, while miR-615-5p was downregulated in PCa tissues and cells. Circ_0062020 knockdown or miR-615-5p overexpression inhibited the proliferation and metastasis, and promoted apoptosis, which could be reversed by miR-615-5p inhibitor or pc-TRIP13 in ionizing radiation (IR)-treated PCa cells. As expected, circ_0062020 sponged miR-615-5p to regulate TRIP13 expression in PCa cells. Circ_0062020 knockdown also suppressed PCa tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion Circ_0062020 suppressed the radiosensitivity by miR-615-5p/TRIP13 axis in PCa cells, which might provide insights into the radiotherapy for PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Li
- Department of Urology, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlai Zhi
- Department of Urology, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Ma
- Department of Urology, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Shen
- Department of Urology, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanghu Sun
- Department of Urology, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengkuan Cai
- Department of Urology, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The role of circular RNAs in hematological malignancies. Genomics 2020; 112:4000-4008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
21
|
Zhou X, Zhan L, Huang K, Wang X. The functions and clinical significance of circRNAs in hematological malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:138. [PMID: 33069241 PMCID: PMC7568356 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00976-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With covalently closed circular structures, circular RNAs (circRNAs) were once misinterpreted as by-products of mRNA splicing. Being abundant, stable, highly conserved, and tissue-specific, circRNAs are recently identified as a type of regulatory RNAs. CircRNAs bind to certain miRNAs or proteins to participate in gene transcription and translation. Emerging evidence has indicated that the dysregulation of circRNAs is closely linked to the tumorigenesis and treatment response of hematological malignancies. CircRNAs play critical roles in various biological processes, including tumorigenesis, drug resistance, tumor metabolism, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. The N6-methyladenosine modification of circRNAs and discovery of fusion-circRNAs provide novel insights into the functions of circRNAs. Targeting circRNAs in hematological malignancies will be an attractive treatment strategy. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances toward the novel functions and molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in hematological malignancies, and highlight the potential clinical applications of circRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for future exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 251006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linquan Zhan
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 251006, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Profiling and bioinformatics analyses reveal differential circular RNA expression in NK/T-cell lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:226205. [PMID: 32856037 PMCID: PMC7494993 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) may be potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets of hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) due to their high stability, covalently closed structure and implicated roles in gene regulation. The aim of the present study was to determine and characterize the circRNAs from natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (NK/T-LAHS). CircRNA in NK/T-LAHS and healthy control patient serum were assessed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). One hundred and forty-three differentially expressed circRNAs of which 114 were up-regulated and 29 were down-regulated in NK/T-LAHS patients were identified. Next, Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses to explore the roles of these circRNAs were utilized, and a microRNA (miRNA) target gene prediction software to predict the interaction of circRNAs and miRNAs was used. Moreover, five circRNAs were then selected as NK/T-LAHS candidate circRNAs which were related to tumors and contained NK/T-LAHS-related miRNA-binding sites. Using real-time PCR, the significant up-regulation of these five circRNAs in NK/T-LAHS patient serum were verified. Together these results show that circRNAs may serve as valuable diagnostic biomarkers of early NK/T-LAHS, with potential therapeutic targets in disease progression.
Collapse
|
23
|
Tian XP, Xie D, Huang WJ, Ma SY, Wang L, Liu YH, Zhang X, Huang HQ, Lin TY, Rao HL, Li M, Liu F, Zhang F, Zhong LY, Liang L, Lan XL, Li J, Liao B, Li ZH, Tang QL, Liang Q, Shao CK, Zhai QL, Cheng RF, Sun Q, Ru K, Gu X, Lin XN, Yi K, Shuang YR, Chen XD, Dong W, Sang W, Sun C, Liu H, Zhu ZG, Rao J, Guo QN, Zhou Y, Meng XL, Zhu Y, Hu CL, Jiang YR, Zhang Y, Gao HY, He WJ, Xia ZJ, Pan XY, Lan H, Li GW, Liu L, Bao HZ, Song LY, Kang TB, Cai QQ. A gene-expression-based signature predicts survival in adults with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma: a multicenter study. Leukemia 2020; 34:2392-2404. [PMID: 32080345 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to establish a discriminative gene-expression-based classifier to predict survival outcomes of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) patients. After exploring global gene-expression profiles of progressive (n = 22) vs. progression-free (n = 28) T-LBL patients, 43 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified. Then an eleven-gene-based classifier was established using LASSO Cox regression based on NanoString quantification. In the training cohort (n = 169), high-risk patients stratified using the classifier had significantly lower progression-free survival (PFS: hazards ratio 4.123, 95% CI 2.565-6.628; p < 0.001), disease-free survival (DFS: HR 3.148, 95% CI 1.857-5.339; p < 0.001), and overall survival (OS: HR 3.790, 95% CI 2.237-6.423; p < 0.001) compared with low-risk patients. The prognostic accuracy of the classifier was validated in the internal testing (n = 84) and independent validation cohorts (n = 360). A prognostic nomogram consisting of five independent variables including the classifier, lactate dehydrogenase levels, ECOG-PS, central nervous system involvement, and NOTCH1/FBXW7 status showed significantly greater prognostic accuracy than each single variable alone. The addition of a five-miRNA-based signature further enhanced the accuracy of this nomogram. Furthermore, patients with a nomogram score ≥154.2 significantly benefited from the BFM protocol. In conclusion, our nomogram comprising the 11-gene-based classifier may make contributions to individual prognosis prediction and treatment decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei-Juan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shu-Yun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hui-Qiang Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tong-Yu Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hui-Lan Rao
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, PR China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Li-Ye Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Liang Lan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bing Liao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Department of Oncology, Sun-Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiong-Lan Tang
- Department of Oncology, Sun-Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiong Liang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chun-Kui Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiong-Li Zhai
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Run-Fen Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pathology, Hematological Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Kun Ru
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xia Gu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xi-Na Lin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kun Yi
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Yue-Rong Shuang
- Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Hematology, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, PR China
| | - Wei Sang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Cai Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jun Rao
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qiao-Nan Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, PR China
| | - Xiang-Ling Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Chang-Lu Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yi-Rong Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hong-Yi Gao
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Women and Children Health Care, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun He
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhong-Jun Xia
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xue-Yi Pan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hai Lan
- Department of Hematology, Shunde Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shunde, PR China
| | - Guo-Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Lymphoma And Hematology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, PR China
| | - Hui-Zheng Bao
- Department of Lymphoma And Hematology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, PR China
| | - Li-Yan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tie-Bang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qing-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The Significance of Circular RNA DDX17 in Prostate Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1878431. [PMID: 32904557 PMCID: PMC7456467 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1878431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNA DDX17 (circDDX17) has been demonstrated as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. However, mechanisms underlying circDDX17 effects in cases of prostate cancer (PCa) are not well understood. Thus, herein, we determined measures of circDDX17 expression by use of the TCGA database. Expression of circDDX17 in prostate cancer-afflicted tissue samples was determined by qRT-PCR. Functionally, circDDX17 induced remarkable inhibition of cell colonizing ability, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression in vitro. Mechanistically, dual-luciferase reporter assays, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down experiments helped verify interactions between circDDX17 and miR-346. Low expression of circDDX17 occurred in TCGA PCa samples. Furthermore, circDDX17 expression was downregulated significantly in PCa. These results suggested that circDDX17 suppressed PC cell mobility, proliferation, and invasion. Mechanistic experiments indicated that circDDX17 might serve as a ceRNA of miR-346 to relieve repressive effects of miR-346 upon phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPP). LHPP expression itself was downregulated in TCGA PCa samples. Overall, our findings indicated that the circDDX17/miR-346/LHPP pathway inhibited the progression of prostate cancer and that circDDX17 may be a new potential therapeutic or diagnostic target for treating and diagnosing prostate cancer. As our study also demonstrated for the first time that LHPP might act as an anticancer gene in prostate cancer, the findings could have wide-ranging implications for the treatment of this affliction.
Collapse
|
25
|
Li Z, Cheng Y, Wu F, Wu L, Cao H, Wang Q, Tang W. The emerging landscape of circular RNAs in immunity: breakthroughs and challenges. Biomark Res 2020; 8:25. [PMID: 32665846 PMCID: PMC7348111 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently linked RNAs that exhibit individual strand with a closed-loop framework compared with a conserving, steady and abundant linear counterpart. In recent years, as high-throughput sequencing advancement has been developing, functional circRNAs have been increasingly recognized, and more extensive analyses expounded their effect on different diseases. However, the study on the function of circRNAs in the immune system remains insufficient. This study discusses the basic principles of circRNAs regulation and the systems involved in physiology-related and pathology-related processes. The effect of circRNAs on immune regulation is elucidated. The ongoing development of circRNAs and basic immunology has multiplied their potential in treating diseases. Such perspective will summarize the status and effect of circRNAs on various immune cells in cancer, autoimmune diseases and infections. Moreover, this study will primarily expound the system of circRNAs in T lymphocytes, macrophages and other immune cells, which creates a novel perspective and lay a theoretical basis for treating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxiao Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Hongyong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
miR-615 Fine-Tunes Growth and Development and Has a Role in Cancer and in Neural Repair. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071566. [PMID: 32605009 PMCID: PMC7408929 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that function as epigenetic modulators regulating almost any gene expression. Similarly, other noncoding RNAs, as well as epigenetic modifications, can regulate miRNAs. This reciprocal interaction forms a miRNA-epigenetic feedback loop, the deregulation of which affects physiological processes and contributes to a great diversity of diseases. In the present review, we focus on miR-615, a miRNA highly conserved across eutherian mammals. It is involved not only during embryogenesis in the regulation of growth and development, for instance during osteogenesis and angiogenesis, but also in the regulation of cell growth and the proliferation and migration of cells, acting as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter. It therefore serves as a biomarker for several types of cancer, and recently has also been found to be involved in reparative processes and neural repair. In addition, we present the pleiad of functions in which miR-615 is involved, as well as their multiple target genes and the multiple regulatory molecules involved in its own expression. We do this by introducing in a comprehensible way the reported knowledge of their actions and interactions and proposing an integral view of its regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
|
27
|
Perez de Acha O, Rossi M, Gorospe M. Circular RNAs in Blood Malignancies. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:109. [PMID: 32676504 PMCID: PMC7333357 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular (circ)RNAs influence a wide range of biological processes at least in part by interacting with proteins and microRNAs. CircRNAs expressed in the hematopoietic compartment have been increasingly recognized as modulators of physiological and pathological features of hematopoetic stem cell (HSC)-derived populations. In particular, several circRNAs were found to enhance or suppress tumor progression in blood malignancies such as leukemias and lymphomas. Moreover, numerous circRNAs have been proposed to help confer resistance to the conventional treatments used in hematopoietic cancers. Here, we review the most important circRNAs described thus far in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), lymphomas, and multiple myeloma (MM). We discuss the usefulness of circRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers and their potential value as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Perez de Acha
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Martina Rossi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Song H, Liu Q, Liao Q. Circular RNA and tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:211. [PMID: 32518520 PMCID: PMC7268656 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with a unique ring structure and play important roles as gene regulators. Disturbed expressions of circRNAs is closely related to varieties of pathological processes. The roles of circRNAs in cancers have gained increasing concerns. The communications between the cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) play complicated roles to affect the malignant behaviors of cancers, which potentially present new therapeutic targets. Herein, we reviewed the roles of circRNAs in the TME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Song
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xiao H, Liang S, Wang L. Competing endogenous RNA regulation in hematologic malignancies. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 509:108-116. [PMID: 32479763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The clinical application of cytogenetic analysis and molecular-targeted drugs has dramatically improved the prognosis for many patients with hematologic malignancy, especially for those with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Nevertheless, the treatment of hematologic malignancies is still faced with problems, such as disease recurrence and drug resistance, so further exploring the underlying molecular mechanism is urgent. With the discovery of different RNA species, the mechanism of RNA-RNA interaction has caught more and more attention. "Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis" is one of the fascinating products of recent researches. CeRNAs are endogenous RNA transcripts that share mutual microRNA response elements (MREs) and regulate expression of each other by competing for the same microRNAs pools. The hypothesis links different RNA species together and enriches our understanding of the human genome. Here, we introduce the hypothesis critically, summary the research progress in the field of hematologic malignancies and the current investigation methods, and address its promising clinical value in offering new predictive, prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Simin Liang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xu M, Xie F, Tang X, Wang T, Wang S. Insights into the role of circular RNA in macrophage activation and fibrosis disease. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104777. [PMID: 32244027 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs which form a covalent bond structure without a 5' cap or a 3' polyadenylated tail, which is deleted through back-splicing. The expression of circRNAs in highly divergent eukaryotes is abundant. With the development of high-throughput sequencing, the mysteries of circRNAs have gradually been revealed. Increased attention has been paid to determining their biological functions and whether their changed expression profiles are linked to disease progression. Functionally, circRNAs have been shown to act as miRNA sponges or nuclear transcription factor regulators, and to play a part in RNA splicing. Various types of circRNAs have been discovered to be differentially expressed under steady physiological and pathological conditions. Recently, several studies have focused on the roles of circRNAs in macrophages on inflammatory stimulation. In this study, we review the current advances in the understanding of circRNAs in macrophages under various pathological conditions, in particular during organ fibrosis, and summarize possible directions for future circRNA applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feiting Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China.
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Harper KL, Mcdonnell E, Whitehouse A. CircRNAs: From anonymity to novel regulators of gene expression in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 55:1183-1193. [PMID: 31661122 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of non‑coding RNAs, formed mostly through a unique backsplicing mechanism. Originally proposed to be a by‑product from errors in splicing, recent studies have shown they exhibit a range of roles in regulating gene expression, including sponging of microRNAs (miRNAs), interactions with RNA‑binding proteins and regulation of transcription. Though research is still in its infancy, evidence suggests circRNA levels are tightly regulated in the cell, reinforced by dysregulated circRNAs levels being implicated in a range of diseases, including cancer and viral infection. There is growing interest in circRNAs playing specific roles in cancers, either oncogenic or as tumour suppressors, with particular focus on their potential as novel biomarkers. This review will provide an overview of circRNA biogenesis and regulation, and their potential roles in the cell, with a focus on their dysregulation in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Harper
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Euan Mcdonnell
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Adrian Whitehouse
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gaffo E, Boldrin E, Dal Molin A, Bresolin S, Bonizzato A, Trentin L, Frasson C, Debatin KM, Meyer LH, Te Kronnie G, Bortoluzzi S. Circular RNA differential expression in blood cell populations and exploration of circRNA deregulation in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14670. [PMID: 31605010 PMCID: PMC6789028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are abundantly expressed in the haematopoietic compartment, but knowledge on their diversity among blood cell types is still limited. Nevertheless, emerging data indicate an array of circRNA functions exerted through interactions with other RNAs and proteins, by translation into peptides, and circRNA involvement as regulatory molecules in many biological processes and cancer mechanisms. Interestingly, the role of specific circRNAs in leukemogenesis has been disclosed by a few studies, mostly in acute myeloid leukemia. In this study, circRNA expression in B-cells, T-cells and monocytes of healthy subjects is described, including putative new circRNA genes. Expression comparison considered 6,228 circRNAs and highlighted cell population-specific expression and exon usage patterns. Differential expression has been confirmed by qRT-PCR for circRNAs specific of B-cells (circPAX5, circAFF3, circIL4R, and circSETBP1) or T-cells (circIKZF1, circTNIK, circTXK, and circFBXW7), and for circRNAs from intronic (circBCL2) and intergenic regions that were overexpressed in lymphocytes. Starting from this resource of circRNA expression in mature blood cell populations, targeted examination identified striking and generalized upregulated expression of circPAX5, circPVT1 and circHIPK3 in pediatric B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and disclosed circRNAs with variable expression across cytogenetic subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Gaffo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Boldrin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Dal Molin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bresolin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Annagiulia Bonizzato
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Trentin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Frasson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lueder H Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Geertruij Te Kronnie
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Circular RNA circ-PRMT5 facilitates non-small cell lung cancer proliferation through upregulating EZH2 via sponging miR-377/382/498. Gene 2019; 720:144099. [PMID: 31479715 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel class of non-coding RNA that plays a pivotal role in cancer. Recently, circ-PRMT5 was identified as an oncogene in bladder cancer. Nevertheless, its contribution to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unknown. Herein, we aimed to clarify the biological role of circ-PRMT5 in NSCLC. High circ-PRMT5 expression was identified in NSCLC tissues and cell lines and positively correlated with larger tumor size, advanced clinic stage, lymph node metastasis as well as worse prognosis. Stable knockdown of circ-PRMT5 dramatically weakened the proliferative capacities of NSCLC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, circ-PRMT5 could simultaneously effectively sponge three miRNAs (miR-377, miR-382 and miR-498) and alleviate their repression on the well-known oncogenic EZH2, resulting in increased EZH2 expression, thereby facilitating NSCLC progression. Importantly, a strong positive correlation between circ-PRMT5 and EZH2 expression was observed in NSCLC tissues. Overall, our data indicate that circ-PRMT5 is an oncogenic circRNA in NSCLC that can promote the growth of NSCLC via regulation of miR-377/382/498-EZH2 axis.
Collapse
|
34
|
Lou X, Li J, Yu D, Wei YQ, Feng S, Sun JJ. Comprehensive analysis of five long noncoding RNAs expression as competing endogenous RNAs in regulating hepatoma carcinoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5735-5749. [PMID: 31392826 PMCID: PMC6745846 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the most common cancer and is the epitome of a recalcitrant cancer. Increasing evidence shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) were associated with cancer‐related death and could function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). To explore regulatory roles and potential prognostic biomarkers of lncRNA for liver cancer, RNA‐sequencing expression data were downloaded from the TCGA database and GEO database. A total of 357 patients were randomly divided into a discovery group and a validation group, of which 313 patients can obtain clinical data. In discovery phrase, 58 lncRNAs, 16 miRNAs, and 34 mRNAs were screened to construct the ceRNA network based on 252 patients employed from discovery group. Univariate and multivariate Cox hazard regression analysis model revealed that five lncRNAs (AATK‐AS1, C10orf91, LINC00162, LINC00200, and LINC00501) from 58 lncRNAs were formulated to predict the overall survival (OS). We used the value of gene expression and regression coefficients to construct a risk score based on the five lncRNAs. Next, we validated our model in the GSE116174 dataset (n = 64) and the validation group (n = 94) from TCGA database. Subgroup analysis suggest that the five lncRNAs played critical parts in early stage in cancer from both discovery and validation groups. The five lncRNAs were also found to be associated with immune cells infiltration including CD4+ memory activated, NK cells activated and mast cells activated, then the results were also validated according to the validation group. Furthermore, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that these nine coexpressed modules using the method of WGCNA, and many of these pathways are associated with the development and progression of disease. At last, the transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) of the five lncRNAs were predicted, which help us to understand the potential mechanism that the TFBS adjusted the ceRNA network. In summary, the ceRNA regulatory network may contribute to a better understanding of liver cancer mechanism and provide potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya-Qing Wei
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin-Jin Sun
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang M, Su P, Liu Y, Zhang X, Yan J, An X, Wang X, Gu S. Abnormal expression of circRNA_089763 in the plasma exosomes of patients with post‑operative cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2549-2562. [PMID: 31524256 PMCID: PMC6691254 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a complication of the central nervous system characterized by mental disorders, anxiety, personality changes and impaired memory. POCD occurs frequently after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and can severely affect quality of life for patients. To date, the development of POCD biomarkers remains a challenge. Alterations in the expression of non-coding RNAs from brain tissue and peripheral blood have been linked to POCD. The present study aimed to detect the differential circular RNAs (circRNAs) in plasma exosomes of patients with POCD after CABG. The relative expression levels of circRNAs were analyzed using circRNA microarray analysis in the plasma exosomes of patients with POCD. Differentially altered circRNAs (P<0.05, fold change >1.5) were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in the plasma exosomes of patients with POCD. The target genes of the microRNAs were predicted using bioinformatics analysis. The functions and signaling pathways of these target genes were investigated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. The microarray results indicated that the levels of nine circRNAs in patients with POCD were higher than those in the control subjects; and six circRNAs were at a lower level than those in control subjects. The RT-qPCR results from patients with POCD showed that only circRNA_089763 of the 15 circRNAs identified was significantly increased compared with control subjects. circRNA target gene prediction and functional annotation analysis showed significant enrichment in several GO terms and pathways associated with POCD. The present study provides evidence for the abnormal expression of POCD-induced circRNA_089763 in human plasma exosomes, as well as the involvement of POCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maozhou Wang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Pixiong Su
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xitao Zhang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xiangguang An
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Song Gu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|