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Attachment and School Completion: Understanding Young People Who Have Dropped Out of High School and Important Factors in Their Re-Enrollment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073938. [PMID: 35409628 PMCID: PMC8997559 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
When students drop out of high school, this is often negative for their development as well as for society, as those who drop out have an increased risk of unemployment, health problems, and social problems. The aim of the present study was to synthesize knowledge regarding processes related to school dropout in general and school re-enrollment in particular. We performed a narrative review of the literature, focusing on Norwegian and Nordic studies, but we also included studies from other countries when relevant. We discussed the findings in relation to attachment theory and our own research on the topic. As a result, we identified five main challenges to upholding education-related goals in long-term dropout processes: lack of relatedness, overchallenged self-regulation capacity, compensating for a history of failure, wounded learner identities, and coping with prolonged stress. In conclusion, the identified challenges converged on the importance of belonging and social support. The prerequisite for addressing the challenges seemed to be the establishment of a trustful relationship between the students who have dropped out and at least one teacher, and preferably also with other supportive adults. These relationships may provide sufficient social support and aid the students’ motivation to complete school.
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Thørrisen MM, Sadeghi T, Wiers-Jenssen J. Internal Consistency and Structural Validity of the Norwegian Translation of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. Front Psychol 2021; 12:723852. [PMID: 34456829 PMCID: PMC8385139 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.723852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) is a validated brief instrument measuring the five-factor model (FFM) personality dimensions, developed for instances where more comprehensive FFM instruments are impractical to use. The TIPI has been translated into several languages, but psychometric properties of the Norwegian version (N-TIPI) have not been systematically explored. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the N-TIPI, in terms of internal consistency and structural validity. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, responses on the N-TIPI were collected from 5,009 Norwegian master graduates. Descriptive statistics for the subscales and correlations between subscales were calculated. Internal consistency was assessed with inter-item correlations, Cronbach's α and Spearman-Brown coefficients. Structural validity was explored with principal component analysis, parallel analysis, and visual scree plot inspection. Results for the N-TIPI were compared with those previously reported for the original TIPI as well as the German, French, Spanish, and Portuguese versions. Results: Compared with the original and non-English versions of TIPI, results for N-TIPI showed comparable subscale rank order of means, standard deviations, and pattern of correlations between subscales, as well as inter-item correlations and Cronbach's α. The 10 N-TIPI items were adequately reduced to five components, theoretically corresponding with the FFM personality domains. Conclusion: The N-TIPI demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and satisfactory structural validity. Although further research is warranted, the instrument stands out as feasible when it is essential to minimize participants' response burden in studies that aim to explore personality as one among several concepts or utilize personality traits as covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Magnus Thørrisen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Talieh Sadeghi
- Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education (NIFU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Jannecke Wiers-Jenssen
- Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education (NIFU), Oslo, Norway.,Centre for the Study of Professions, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Yu Z, Liu Y, Yu Y, Han H, Li Y. The Study on Public-Interest Short Message Service (SMS) in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mobile User Survey and Content Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7915. [PMID: 34360208 PMCID: PMC8345619 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has greatly threatened the global health system and triggered the public health emergency. In order to manage the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare and prevention information have been delivered through omni-media channels (e.g., television, radio, social platform, etc.). As a traditional outlet, the short message service (SMS) can timely provide abundant anti-epidemic alerts to mobile users. In this paper, we aim to investigate mobile users' attitudes toward COVID-19 public-interest SMS sent from government authorities and then explore the insight from messaging texts collected between January and April 2020 in China. In general, respondents show a positive attitude towards content and the necessity of public-interest SMS during the pandemic. However, we find that gender and age differences not only affect content evaluation, but also influence reading and forwarding behaviors. For the necessity of SMS, it shows significant difference between the 18-25-year-old and over 40-year-old group, with the middle and elder group showing serious attitudes and giving higher remarks than the youth due to the habits of media usage. However no significant difference is presented between females and males. In terms of content, the category of topics and releasing institutions are analyzed, respectively. Due to the centralized responses and coordination of prevention and control in China, the messages from COVID-19 disposal organizations (e.g., municipal steering group and provincial CDC) account for more than 70% among four cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanghongyun Liu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongan Yu
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Hongju Han
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yalin Li
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
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Blok AC, Sadasivam RS, Hogan TP, Patterson A, Day N, Houston TK. Nurse-Driven mHealth Implementation Using the Technology Inpatient Program for Smokers (TIPS): Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e14331. [PMID: 31588908 PMCID: PMC6818438 DOI: 10.2196/14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and disease, yet implementation of smoking cessation in inpatient settings is inconsistent. The Technology Inpatient Program for Smokers (TIPS) is an implementation program designed to reach smokers with a mobile health (mHealth) intervention using stakeholder-supported strategies. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the TIPS implementation strategies on smoker-level engagement of the mHealth intervention during care transition. Methods We examined varying intensities (passive motivational posters only and posters + active nurse-led facilitation) of TIPS strategies on four hospital units located in two sites. Unit-level and smoker-level adoption was monitored during active implementation (30 weeks) and sustainability follow-up (30 weeks). Process measures reflecting the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, stakeholder reported adaptations of strategies, and formative evaluation data were collected and analyzed. Results For our smoker-level reach, 103 smokers signed up for the mHealth intervention in-hospital, with minimal decline during sustainability follow-up. While posters + nurse facilitation did not lead to higher reach than posters alone during active implementation (27 vs 30 signed up), it did lead to higher engagement of smokers (85.2% vs 73.3% completion of the full 2-week intervention). TIPS strategy adoption and fidelity varied by unit, including adoption of motivational posters (range: weeks 1 and 5), fidelity of posters (0.4% to 16.2% of posters missing per unit weekly) and internal facilitation of nurse training sessions (average of 2 vs 7.5 by site). Variable maintenance costs of the program totaled US $6.63 (US $683.28/103) per smoker reached. Reported family-member facilitation of mHealth sign-up was an observation of unintended behavior. Conclusions TIPS is a feasible and low-cost implementation program that successfully engages smokers in an mHealth intervention and sustains engagement after discharge. Further testing of nurse facilitation and expanding reach to patient family and friends as an implementation strategy is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Blok
- Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Systems, Populations and Leadership Department, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rajani S Sadasivam
- Division of Health Informatics and Implementation Science, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Timothy P Hogan
- Division of Health Informatics and Implementation Science, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.,Veterans Affairs Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Veterans Affairs Bedford Medical Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Bedford, MA, United States
| | - Angela Patterson
- Division of Health Informatics and Implementation Science, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Nicole Day
- University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Thomas K Houston
- Learning Health Systems, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Oyeyemi SO, Wynn R. The use of cell phones and radio communication systems to reduce delays in getting help for pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review. Glob Health Action 2015; 8:28887. [PMID: 26362421 PMCID: PMC4567587 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v8.28887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Delays in getting medical help are important factors in the deaths of many pregnant women and unborn children in the low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Studies have suggested that the use of cell phones and radio communication systems might reduce such delays. Objectives We review the literature regarding the impact of cell phones and radio communication systems on delays in getting medical help by pregnant women in the LMIC. Design Cochrane Library, PubMed, Maternity and Infant care (Ovid), Web of Science (ISI), and Google Scholar were searched for studies relating to the use of cell phones for maternal and child health services, supplemented with hand searches. We included studies in LMIC and in English involving the simple use of cell phones (or radio communication) to either make calls or send text messages. Results Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. All the studies, while of various designs, demonstrated positive contributory effects of cell phones or radio communication systems in reducing delays experienced by pregnant women in getting medical help. Conclusions While the results suggested that cell phones could contribute in reducing delays, more studies of a longer duration are needed to strengthen the finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday O Oyeyemi
- Accident and Emergency Department, State Specialist Hospital, Akure, Nigeria.,Telemedicine and e-Health, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rolf Wynn
- Telemedicine and e-Health, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway;
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DiDonato KL, Liu Y, Lindsey CC, Hartwig DM, Stoner SC. Community pharmacy patient perceptions of a pharmacy-initiated mobile technology app to improve adherence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2015; 23:309-19. [PMID: 25572628 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine patient perceptions of using a demonstration application (app) of mobile technology to improve medication adherence and to identify desired features to assist in the management of medications. METHODS A qualitative study using key informant interviews was conducted in a community pharmacy chain for patients aged 50 and older, on statin therapy and owning a smart device. KEY FINDINGS Three main themes emerged from 24 interviews at four pharmacy locations, which included benefits, barriers and desired features of the app. Benefits such as accessibility, privacy, pros of appearance and beneficiaries were more likely to lead to usage of the app. Barriers that might prevent usage of the app were related to concerns of appearance, the burden it might cause for others, cost, privacy, motivation and reliability. Specific features patients desired were categorized under appearance, customization, communication, functionality, input and the app platform. CONCLUSIONS Patients provided opinions about using a mobile app to improve medication adherence and assist with managing medications. Patients envisioned the app within their lifestyle and expressed important considerations, identifying benefits to using this technology and voicing relevant concerns. App developers can use patient perceptions to guide development of a mobile app addressing patient medication-related needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L DiDonato
- School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Red Cross Pharmacy, Inc., Excelsior Springs, MO, USA
| | - Yifei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Cameron C Lindsey
- School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Steven C Stoner
- School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Deng X, Wang Y, Zhu T, Zhang W, Yin Y, Ye L. Short message service (SMS) can enhance compliance and reduce cancellations in a sedation gastrointestinal endoscopy center: a prospective randomized controlled trial. J Med Syst 2014; 39:169. [PMID: 25476268 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-014-0169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Many outpatients who inadequately prepared for the procedure were cancelled on the day of the examination for various reasons. The aim of study was to investigate whether short message service (SMS) can improve patients' compliance and reduce cancellation rates. Outpatients scheduled for sedation gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomly assigned to mobile phone SMS group or control group. Patients in the control group received a leaflet on preparation instructions, while patients in the SMS group received SMS reminders after making an appointment. A total of 1786 patients were analyzed. There was a significant reduction in the rate of cancellations for patients in the SMS group (4.8%) compared with patients in the control group (8.0%) (P<0.001). Patients in the SMS group were 40% less likely to be cancelled by medical staff than patients in the control group. The compliance score of the two groups based on demographic and clinic characteristic distribution showed that for both male and female patients, the compliance score was higher in the SMS group than that in the control group (P=0.023, P<0.001, respectively). Additionally, the compliance score was also significantly higher in the SMS group among patients who were under 50 years old, less than an undergraduate education level, experiencing their first time for procedure, or whose procedures were gastroscopy, waiting time was between 4 and 15 days, and schedules were in morning (P≤0.032). SMS reminders can be considered a complement to conventional preparation instructions, which could help improve the compliance of outpatients and reduce the rate of cancellations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Johnsen JAK, Kummervold PE, Wynn R. Media preferences in scenarios involving relationship closeness and information valence: evidence of strategic self-presentation and sex differences. Psychol Rep 2014; 114:217-30. [PMID: 24765722 DOI: 10.2466/21.07.pr0.114k14w9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated strategic self-presentation (relationship closeness, information valence, and sex) on hypothetical choice of media used. 145 participants (73 women, 72 men; M age = 22.3 yr.) were randomly assigned to experimental conditions where they indicated their preference for communicating with either a friend or a stranger using Short Messaging Service (SMS), e-mail, or telephone, compared to face-to-face. Information valence was manipulated as a within-subjects variable by scenarios where information was self-referential and either negative or positive. Preference to mediated channels in the two scenarios was measured as an average of self-reported scores on a scale from 1-5 where 3 indicated face-to-face communication. Relationship closeness and scenario affected media preferences. Participants had higher preference scores for mediated channels when communicating with strangers than with friends and when sharing self-referential and negative information. Only women's preferences appeared to be affected by the manipulation of relationship closeness.
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Oyeyemi SO, Wynn R. Giving cell phones to pregnant women and improving services may increase primary health facility utilization: a case-control study of a Nigerian project. Reprod Health 2014; 11:8. [PMID: 24438150 PMCID: PMC3898403 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4755-11-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, about 287 000 women die each year from mostly preventable complications related to pregnancy and childbirth. A disproportionately high number of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. The Abiye (‘Safe Motherhood’) project in the Ifedore Local Government Area (LGA) of Ondo-State of Nigeria aimed at improving facility utilization and maternal health through the use of cell phones and generally improved health care services for pregnant women, including Health Rangers, renovated Health Centres, and improved means of transportation. Methods A one-year sample of retrospective data was collected from hospital records and patients’ case files from Ifedore (the project area) and Idanre (control area) and was analyzed to determine healthcare facility utilization rates in each location. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to generate supplemental data. Results The total facility utilization rate of pregnant women was significantly higher in Ifedore than in Idanre. The facility utilization rate of the primary health care centres was significantly higher in Ifedore than in Idanre. The number of recorded cases of the five major causes of maternal death in the two LGAs was not significantly different, possibly because the project was new. Conclusions Giving cell phones to pregnant women and generally improving services could increase their utilization of the primary healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rolf Wynn
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, UNN-Asgard, N-9291 Tromsø, Norway.
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