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Yang J, Chen Y, Tian Y, Li X, Yu Q, Huang C, Chen Z, Ning M, Li S, He J, Du J, Huang B, Li Y. Risk factors and consequences of mental health problems in nurses: A scoping review of cohort studies. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38622945 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Mental health problems in nurses are prevalent and impairing. To date, no literature has comprehensively synthesised cohort evidence on mental health among nurses. This scoping review aimed to synthesise the existing literature on the risk factors and consequences of mental health problems in nurses. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, Epistemonikos database, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO from inception to March 2023. We identified 171 cohort studies from 16 countries, mostly (95.3%) from high-income economies. This review indicated that nurses worldwide encountered significant mental health challenges, including depression, cognitive impairment, anxiety, trauma/post-traumatic stress disorder, burnout, sleep disorder, and other negative mental health problems. These problems were closely related to various modifiable risk factors such as nurses' behaviours and lifestyles, social support, workplace bullying and violence, shift work, job demands, and job resources. Moreover, nurses' mental health problems have negative effects on their physical health, behaviour and lifestyle, occupation and organisation, and intrapersonal factors. These findings provided an enhanced understanding of mental health complexities among nurses, and shed light on policy enactment to alleviate the negative impact of mental health problems on nurses. Addressing mental health among nurses should be a top priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yamin Chen
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Central South University, Xiangya Nursing School, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yusheng Tian
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuting Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chongmei Huang
- School of Nursing at Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ning Xia, China
| | - Zengyu Chen
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Central South University, Xiangya Nursing School, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Ning
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Central South University, Xiangya Nursing School, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sini Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaqing He
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Du
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bingqing Huang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Hu Z, Cao X, Jing P, Zhang B, Shi Y, Siegrist J, Li J, Zhang M. Work stress and changes in heart rate variability among employees after first acute coronary syndrome: a hospital-based longitudinal cohort study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1336065. [PMID: 38601505 PMCID: PMC11005455 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1336065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Work stress is considered as a risk factor for coronary heart disease, but its link with heart rate variability (HRV) among heart attack survivors is unknown yet. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between baseline work stress and the changes of HRV over one-year after onset of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods Hundred and twenty-two patients with regular paid work before their first ACS episode were recruited into this hospital-based longitudinal cohort study. During hospitalization (baseline), all patients underwent assessments of work stress by job strain (JS) and effort-reward imbalance (ERI) models, and were assigned into low or high groups; simultaneously, sociodemographic and clinical data, as well depression, anxiety, and job burnout, were collected. Patients were followed up 1, 6, and 12 months after discharge, with HRV measurements at baseline and each follow-up point. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the effects of baseline work stress on HRV over the following 1 year. Results After adjusting for baseline characteristics and clinical data, anxiety, depression, and burnout scores, high JS was not associated with any HRV measures during follow-up (all p > 0.10), whereas high ERI was significantly related to slower recovery of 5 frequency domain HRV measures (TP, HF, LF, VLF, and ULF) (all p < 0.001), and marginally associated with one time domain measure (SDNN) (p = 0.069). When mutually adjusting for both work stress models, results of ERI remained nearly unchanged. Conclusion Work stress in terms of ERI predicted lower HRV during the one-year period after ACS, especially frequency domain measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Hu
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xingyu Cao
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Pan Jing
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bangying Zhang
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunke Shi
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Johannes Siegrist
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jian Li
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Min Zhang
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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John A, Bouillon-Minois JB, Bagheri R, Pélissier C, Charbotel B, Llorca PM, Zak M, Ugbolue UC, Baker JS, Dutheil F. The influence of burnout on cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1326745. [PMID: 38439796 PMCID: PMC10909938 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1326745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Burnout is a public health problem with various health consequences, among which cardiovascular disease is the most investigated but still under debate. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the influence of burnout on cardiovascular disease. Methods Studies reporting risk (odds ratio, relative risk, and hazard ratio) of cardiovascular disease following burnout were searched in PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Embase, and ScienceDirect. We performed a random-effect meta-analysis stratified by type of cardiovascular disease and searched for putative influencing variables. We performed sensitivity analyses using the most adjusted models and crude risks. Results We included 25 studies in the systematic review and 9 studies in the meta-analysis (4 cross-sectional, 4 cohort, and 1 case-control study) for a total of 26,916 participants. Burnout increased the risk of cardiovascular disease by 21% (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.39) using the most adjusted risks and by 27% (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.43) using crude risks. Using stratification by type of cardiovascular disease and the most adjusted risks, having experienced burnout significantly increased the risk of prehypertension by 85% (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.70) and cardiovascular disease-related hospitalization by 10% (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.18), whereas the risk increase for coronary heart disease (OR = 1.79, 95% CI 0.79 to 2.79) and myocardial infarction (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 0.85 to 2.71) was not significant. Results were also similar using crude odds ratio. The risk of cardiovascular disease after a burnout was not influenced by gender. Insufficient data precluded other meta-regressions. Conclusions Burnout seems to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, despite the few retrieved studies and a causality weakened by cross-sectional studies. However, numerous studies focused on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular risk linked to burnout, which may help to build a preventive strategy in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awena John
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Minois
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Emergency Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Carole Pélissier
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, IFSTTAR, Université Lyon 1, UMRESTTE, CHU Saint-Etienne, Occupational Medicine, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Barbara Charbotel
- Université Lyon 1, UMRESTTE, CHU Lyon, Occupational Medicine, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Psychiatry, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marek Zak
- Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, The Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Ukadike C. Ugbolue
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Frederic Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Cler-mont-Ferrand, Occupational Medicine, WittyFit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Petersen J, Wendsche J, Melzer M. Nurses' emotional exhaustion: Prevalence, psychosocial risk factors and association to sick leave depending on care setting-A quantitative secondary analysis. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:182-193. [PMID: 36281066 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore differences in the prevalence, psychosocial risk factors and the connection to annual sick leave of nurses' emotional exhaustion depending on the care setting. DESIGN Quantitative study. METHODS We conducted a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional, representative survey with German nurses (BIBB/BAuA-Employment Survey 2018). We analysed data from three groups of nurses (hospital care HC: n = 333, nursing homes NH: n = 143, home health care HHC: n = 109). We calculated prevalence estimates for all psychosocial risk factors and emotional exhaustion and utilized Χ2 -tests to explore differences relating to the care setting. We calculated risk estimates using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Forty-four per cent of all nurses reported symptoms of emotional exhaustion. Care settings did not affect prevalence estimates (HC: 45.3%, NH: 37.8%, HHC: 50.5%). Weekend work was a risk factor for exhaustion. Being at the limit of efficiency was the only work-related psychosocial risk factor being independent of the care setting. Emotional demands were a significant risk factor for nurses working in HC and NH, and low team cooperation was a risk factor for nurses working in NH. Nurses' emotional exhaustion is associated with more sick leave days. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of nurses' emotional exhaustion is independent of the care setting. This threatens nurses' health and negatively affects the organization and society due to the relation to sick leave. Weekend work and quantitative demands relate to exhaustion independently of the care context. Emotional demands and low team cooperation show context-specific correlations. IMPACT Organizational interventions that limit quantitative demands are needed to prevent exhaustion among nurses. In HC and NH, measures are needed to improve coping with emotional demands and to strengthen team cooperation. Policymakers and nursing managers should take action to address nurses' emotional exhaustion. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Due to the study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Petersen
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Unit 3.3 Designing Service Work, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Wendsche
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Unit 3.3 Designing Service Work, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marlen Melzer
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Unit 3.3 Designing Service Work, Dresden, Germany
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Yin Y, Sun S, Song L, Jin C, Wang Y. Emotional labour strategies and job burnout: A meta‐analysis of Chinese employees. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Psychology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Shiyue Sun
- Department of Psychology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Lili Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Cancan Jin
- Department of Psychology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Yong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Beijing China
- The Research Center for Psychological Education University of International Relations Beijing China
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Moretti Anfossi C, Tobar Fredes C, Pérez Rojas F, Cisterna Cid F, Siques Urzúa C, Ross J, Head J, Britton A. Workplace interventions for cardiovascular diseases: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061586. [PMID: 35953246 PMCID: PMC9379504 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally, impacting on public and private sectors. Current traditional interventions to prevent CVDs are mainly provided in healthcare centres and even when they are effective, they are not enough to reduce the rising prevalence; therefore, additional strategies are needed. Evidence suggests that health interventions in the workplace supply numerous benefits improving cardiovascular risk factor profiles in individuals. Hence, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to collate the evidence from randomised controlled trials, cluster randomised trials and quasi-experimental studies of workplace interventions to determine their effectiveness in terms of improving cardiovascular risk factors and preventing CVDs. METHODS AND ANALYSIS EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global will be searched to include articles on workplace interventions in adults for CVDs events, cardiometabolic risk factors or behavioural risk factors. The study selection, data extraction, risk of bias and the assessment of the quality of the body of evidence will be conducted by two reviewers working in parallel and disagreements will be resolved by consensus or consultations with a third reviewer. Data synthesis will be done by meta-analysis using random-effects models when possible, otherwise the vote counting method will be applied. Statistical heterogeneity will be assessed by a χ2 test and I2 statistics. The quality of the body of evidence for each outcome will be assessed by applying the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required for this systematic review protocol. The results of the systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be publicly available. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021276161.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Tobar Fredes
- Facultad de Ciencias de la salud, Universidad San Sebastián-Campus Bellavista, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Felipe Pérez Rojas
- Escuela de Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad Mayor, Sede Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Christian Siques Urzúa
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Jamie Ross
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London Research, London, UK
| | - Jenny Head
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Research, London, UK
| | - Annie Britton
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Research, London, UK
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Shi Y, Zhu C, Jiang R, Zhang M, Cai H, Hu Z, Sun H, Liu Y, Ye Y, Ma Y, Cao X, von Känel R, Li J. Job burnout is associated with slow improvement of quality of life in the employees after a first episode of acute coronary syndrome: A hospital-based longitudinal study in China. J Psychosom Res 2021; 152:110690. [PMID: 34896702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between job burnout and quality of life (QoL) after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in a Chinese sample. METHODS This was a one-year longitudinal study. Participants included patients with a first episode of ACS who were still employed. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) assessed job burnout before discharge, and QoL was assessed using the Medical Outcome Study 8-Items Short Form Health Survey (SF-8) and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) before discharge (baseline), at one month, six months and 12 months after discharge. Generalized estimating equations determined the association between job burnout and longitudinal changes of QoL. RESULTS All participants were assigned to either a "low job burnout" group (n = 70) or a "high job burnout" group (n = 50), based on the upper quartile of job burnout scores. Longitudinally over 1-year follow-up period, the scores of the SF-8 and SAQ among patients with a high level of burnout were lower than those in the low job burnout group. Job burnout was significantly associated with lower physical and mental health (SF-8), as well as greater physical limitation and lower treatment satisfaction (SAQ) over time. CONCLUSION Job burnout at baseline predicted slow improvement of QoL after ACS in a Chinese working sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Shi
- Cardiology Department, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Caifeng Zhu
- Cardiology Department, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, Yunnan 675000, China
| | - Ruxin Jiang
- Cardiology Department, Baoshan People's Hospital, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Cardiology Department, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Hongyan Cai
- Cardiology Department, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Zhao Hu
- Cardiology Department, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Huang Sun
- Cardiology Department, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Yixi Liu
- Cardiology Department, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Yujia Ye
- Cardiology Department, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Yiming Ma
- Cardiology Department, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Xingyu Cao
- Cardiology Department, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA.
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Schmid F, Huyghebaert T, Bertrand A, Cartier M, Deleau K, Henry A, Stefaniak N. Le burn-out est-il une entité nosographique distincte ? PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Thompson J, Boden ZV, Newton EK, Fenton K, Hickman G, Larkin M. The experiences of inpatient nursing staff caring for young people with early psychosis. J Res Nurs 2019; 24:75-85. [PMID: 34394509 PMCID: PMC7932446 DOI: 10.1177/1744987118818857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early intervention services aim to improve outcomes for people with first episode psychosis and, where possible, to prevent psychiatric hospital admission. When hospitalisation does occur, inpatient staff are required to support patients and families who may be less familiar with services, uncertain about possible outcomes, and may be experiencing a psychiatric hospital for the first time. AIMS Our study aimed to understand the process of hospitalisation in early psychosis, from the perspective of inpatient nursing staff. We were particularly interested in their experiences of working with younger people in the context of adult psychiatric wards. METHODS Nine inpatient nursing staff took part in semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed and then analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. RESULTS Five themes are outlined: 'it's all new and it's all learning'; the threatening, unpredictable environment; care and conflict within the intergenerational relationship; motivation and hope; and coping and self-preservation. CONCLUSIONS The phenomenological focus of our approach throws the relational component of psychiatric nursing into sharp relief. We reflect on the implications for organisations, staff, families and young people. We suggest that the conventional mode of delivering acute psychiatric inpatient care is not likely to support the best relational and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Thompson
- Clinical Psychologist, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Zoe Vr Boden
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Psychology, London Southbank University, UK
| | - Elizabeth K Newton
- Consultant Clinical Psychologist, Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust
| | - Kelly Fenton
- Clinical Psychologist , Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, UK
| | - Gareth Hickman
- Senior Clinical Psychologist, Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust, UK
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