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Miguel-Albarreal AD, Rivero-Pino F, Marquez-Paradas E, Grao-Cruces E, Gonzalez-de la Rosa T, Montserrat-de la Paz S. Mediterranean Diet Combined with Regular Aerobic Exercise and Hemp Protein Supplementation Modulates Plasma Circulating Amino Acids and Improves the Health Status of Overweight Individuals. Nutrients 2024; 16:1594. [PMID: 38892526 PMCID: PMC11174559 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant protein is considered a sustainable health-promoting strategy to prevent metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle changes (including dietary patterns and exercise) have been demonstrated to exert an effect on human health by modulating the biochemical status in humans. The objective of this study was to assess whether supplementation with hemp protein within a Mediterranean diet context together with exercise could help to ameliorate the metabolic statuses of patients prone to developing metabolic syndrome. For this study, 23 patients followed with Mediterranean diet and engaged in aerobic exercise according to the WHO's recommendations, while also being supplemented with hemp protein, for 12 weeks. A comparison of anthropometric, biochemical, and mineral data as well as amino acid values was made between the start and the end of the study, with the subjects acting as their own control group. Statistical analyses included a paired t-test, Wilcoxon paired test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis to evaluate significant differences and correlations among parameters. There were statistically significant changes in total cholesterol, HDL-C (+52.3%), LDL-C (-54.0%), and TAG levels (-49.8%), but not in glucose plasma levels. Following the intervention, plasma concentrations of some amino acids, including α-aminoadipic acid, phosphoethanolamine, and 1-metylhistidine, increased, whereas those of asparagine and alanine declined. Different correlations between amino acids and the other parameters evaluated were reported and discussed. A Mediterranean diet combined with regular aerobic exercise, together with protein supplementation, can highly improve the metabolic parameters and anthropometric parameters of subjects with obesity and impaired glucose levels, ameliorating their health status and likely delaying the development of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio D. Miguel-Albarreal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (A.D.M.-A.); (E.M.-P.); (E.G.-C.); (T.G.-d.l.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivero-Pino
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (A.D.M.-A.); (E.M.-P.); (E.G.-C.); (T.G.-d.l.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Elvira Marquez-Paradas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (A.D.M.-A.); (E.M.-P.); (E.G.-C.); (T.G.-d.l.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Elena Grao-Cruces
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (A.D.M.-A.); (E.M.-P.); (E.G.-C.); (T.G.-d.l.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Teresa Gonzalez-de la Rosa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (A.D.M.-A.); (E.M.-P.); (E.G.-C.); (T.G.-d.l.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; (A.D.M.-A.); (E.M.-P.); (E.G.-C.); (T.G.-d.l.R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
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Jacinto M, Monteiro D, Rodrigues F, Diz S, Matos R, Amaro N, Antunes R. Gender Differences in Anthropometric, Functional Capacity Measures and Quality of Life in Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:84. [PMID: 38804450 PMCID: PMC11130869 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the of the current investigation was to investigate the possible differences concerning males and females in anthropometry, body composition, functional capacity, strength and quality of life variables. After obtaining signed informed consent, 37 participants (18 males; 19 females), with mean age of 39.08 and standard deviation of 11.66 years, voluntarily participated in this study. Anthropometry, body composition, functional capacity, strength, and quality of life were assessed using validated and reliable instruments and tests for this population. The males and females were compared using a Mann-Whitney U signed rank test. Significant differences were detected among the following variables, height (p = 0.028), body mass index (p = 0.033), fat mass (p = 0.002), muscle mass (p ≤ 0.001), phase angle (p = 0.005), medicine ball throwing strength (p = 0.010), and peak toque left knee (p = 0.028), with males showing better results in all the variables. The sample in this study showed differences in the anthropometric, composition, and strength variables. Studying this population can help ensure that everyone has equal access to services and adequate support for their personal needs, improving their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Jacinto
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (M.J.); (F.R.); (S.D.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.)
- CIDESD, Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (M.J.); (F.R.); (S.D.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.)
- CIDESD, Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Filipe Rodrigues
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (M.J.); (F.R.); (S.D.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.)
- CIDESD, Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Susana Diz
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (M.J.); (F.R.); (S.D.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.)
- CIDESD, Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui Matos
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (M.J.); (F.R.); (S.D.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.)
- CIDESD, Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Amaro
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (M.J.); (F.R.); (S.D.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.)
- CIDESD, Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Raul Antunes
- ESECS, Polytechnique of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (M.J.); (F.R.); (S.D.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (R.A.)
- CIDESD, Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Roth S. Thoughts and perspectives on biomechanical numerical models under impacts: Are women forgotten from research? Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2023; 237:1122-1138. [PMID: 37702375 DOI: 10.1177/09544119231195182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The present paper explores a series of articles in the literature which deal with impact biomechanics of the head and thorax/abdomen segments, investigating the "sex specific properties/data" used in the studies. Statements in these studies are analyzed and point out, the use of male or female subjects for the developments of finite element models and their validation against experimental data. The present analysis raises the question about "androcentrism," and how biomechanical engineering findings and the design of the derived protecting devices are focused on male subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Roth
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, site Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM), UMR CNRS 6303/Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte (UBFC), Belfort, France
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Neto IVDS, Diniz JDS, Alves VP, Ventura Oliveira AR, Barbosa MPDS, da Silva Prado CR, Alencar JA, Vilaça e Silva KHC, Silva CR, Lissemerki Ferreira GM, Garcia D, Grisa RA, Prestes J, Rodrigues Melo GL, Burmann LL, Gomes Giuliani FN, Beal FLR, Severiano AP, Nascimento DDC. Field-Based Estimates of Muscle Quality Index Determine Timed-Up-and-Go Test Performance in Obese Older Women. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:293-303. [PMID: 36843630 PMCID: PMC9949998 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s399827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The muscle quality index (MQI) is associated with numerous health outcomes in adults; however, the effects of distinct MQI on functional capacity in obese older women have not yet been fully investigated. Thus, we investigated the contribution of different muscle quality indices on TUG performance prediction in obese older women. We secondarily evaluated the association between MQI, aerobic capacity performance (Treadmill performance and 6-minute walk test), and obesity indices (BMI, body fat percentage, and neck, waist, and hip circumference). Methods Participants included 64 obese older women (mean age 67.05 ± 5.46 years, body fat ≥ 35%). General anthropometric, health history, body composition, treadmill exercise, and functional test (Time up and go) measures were collected. A hydraulic dynamometer was used to assess muscle strength, and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) to identify body fat percentage. The field MQI was defined as the highest reading divided by the subject's body mass index (BMI), while the laboratory MQI was obtained by the ratio of grip strength to the entire arm muscle in kilograms measured by DXA. A hierarchical multiple regression was performed to predict TUG-test performance. Results An increase in field MQI of one unit is associated with a decrease of 2.59 seconds in the TUG test (β = -0.540; p = 0.004). There was no association between laboratory MQI and TUG performance (β = 0.067; p = 0.712). Furthermore, field MQI displays a positive correlation (p < 0.05) with aerobic capacity performance (6-minute walk test and peak O2 consumption) and a negative correlation (p < 0.05) with diverse obesity indices (neck and waist circumference, body fat, and BMI). Conclusion MQI displayed an important prediction with TUG-test, a positive correlation with aerobic capacity, and a negative correlation with obesity indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joyce de Sousa Diniz
- Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia, UCB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Vicente Paulo Alves
- Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia, UCB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristiane Rocha Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Garcia
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Roberto A Grisa
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Lauda Burmann
- Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia, UCB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Dahan da Cunha Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasília, Brazil,Correspondence: Dahan da Cunha Nascimento, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília – Q.S. 07, Lote 01, EPTC – Bloco G. Zip code: 71966-700 – Distrito Federal, Brasilia, Brazil, Tel/Fax +21/55/61 3356 9350, Email
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Komici K, D’Amico F, Verderosa S, Piomboni I, D’Addona C, Picerno V, Bianco A, Caiazzo A, Bencivenga L, Rengo G, Guerra G. Impact of Body Composition Parameters on Lung Function in Athletes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183844. [PMID: 36145219 PMCID: PMC9500777 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Given the potential risk of unhealthy weight management, the monitoring of body composition in athletes is advised. However, limited data reveal how body composition measurements can benefit athlete health and, in particular, respiratory function. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of body composition on pulmonary function in a population of adult athletes. Methods: Data from 435 competitive adult athletes regarding body compositions parameters and spirometry are retrospectively analyzed. Results: Our study population consists of 335 males and 100 female athletes. Muscle mass and fat-free mass are significantly and positively associated with forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in the male and female population, while waist-to-height ratio is negatively associated with FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC in the male population. In multivariable analysis, muscle mass and fat-free mass show significant association with FEV1 and FVC in both males and females (p < 0.05), and waist-to-height ratio is significantly and inversely associated with FEV1 and FVC in males (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Fat-free mass and muscle mass are positively and independently associated with FEV1 and FVC in athletes of both genders, and waist-to-height ratio is inversely associated with FEV1 and FVC only among male athletes. These findings suggest that body composition in athletes may be helpful in monitoring respiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Komici
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Exercise and Sports Medicine Unit, Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0874404739
| | - Fabio D’Amico
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Exercise and Sports Medicine Unit, Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Sofia Verderosa
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Exercise and Sports Medicine Unit, Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Iacopo Piomboni
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Carmine D’Addona
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Vito Picerno
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio Bianco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Exercise and Sports Medicine Unit, Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Andrea Caiazzo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Exercise and Sports Medicine Unit, Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bencivenga
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit (ICS Maugeri SpA SB), 82037 Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Exercise and Sports Medicine Unit, Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
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Kim YA, Cho YJ, Lee GH. Association of Handgrip Strength in Various Disabilities in Korean Adults over 50 Years Old: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9745. [PMID: 35955100 PMCID: PMC9367881 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown an association between low hand grip strength (HGS) and functional limitations. This study aims to elucidate the association between HGS and functional limitations. We used the nationwide health examination data and included 13,517 Korean adults that were aged ≥ 50 years. We measured HGS using digital dynamometer and the maximum value of the dominant hand was divided into quartiles for the analysis. Functional limitations were assessed by using self-administered questionnaires. We categorized the 24 reported causes of functional limitations into musculoskeletal, cardiometabolic, neuropsychiatric, cancers, and others. In multiple regression analysis, the functional limitations tended to increase as HGS was lowered in both sexes. When analyzing according to the reasons of functional limitations, the ORs for functional limitations due to cardiometabolic problem tended to increase as the HGS decreased in men (p for trend = 0.039). Similar trends were observed in neuropsychiatric problem in women (p for trend = 0.002) and other problems in both men and women (p for trend = 0.014 in men, p for trend = 0.004 in women). No significant trends were observed for musculoskeletal problems and cancer in both men and women. The functional limitations were inversely associated with HGS, which were inconsistent according to different etiologies of functional limitations.
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Reference Ranges for Gait Speed and Sit-to-Stand Performance in a Cohort of Mobility-Intact Community-Dwelling Older Adults From Singapore. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2022; 23:1579-1584.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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de Souza LF, Fontanela LC, Leopoldino AAO, Mendonça VA, Danielewicz AL, Lacerda ACR, de Avelar NCP. Are sociodemographic and anthropometric variables effective in screening probable and confirmed sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults? A cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 141:e2022141. [PMID: 36417659 PMCID: PMC10065114 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0141.r1.17082022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening for probable and confirmed sarcopenia using sociodemographic and anthropometric indicators can be a practical, cheap, and effective strategy to identify and treat older people susceptible to this condition. OBJECTIVES To identify cutoff points for sociodemographic and anthropometric variables in screening probable and confirmed sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older adults in Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS Sociodemographic (age, education) and anthropometric (weight, height, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], and dominant calf circumference [DCC]) factors were considered as predictors. The outcomes were probable sarcopenia (reduction in muscle strength assessed by time ≥ 15 s in the five-time sit-to-stand test) and confirmed sarcopenia (reduction in strength and muscle mass). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to analyze the ability to track sociodemographic and anthropometric variables for sarcopenia. RESULTS In 308 older adults, WC > 91 cm in women and age > 69 years in men were useful in screening for probable sarcopenia. The variables age, weight, BMI, WC, and DCC can be used to screen for sarcopenia in older women and men. CONCLUSION Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables are simple and accessible tools for sarcopenia screening in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Franciny de Souza
- PT. Physical Therapist, Department of Health Sciences,
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Araranguá (SC), Brazil
| | - Laís Coan Fontanela
- PT. Physical Therapist, Department of Health Sciences,
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Araranguá (SC), Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- PT, MSc, PhD. Associate Professor, Universidade Federal dos
Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Danielewicz
- PT, MSc, PhD. Adjunct Professor, Department of Health Sciences,
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Araranguá (SC), Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- PT, MSc, PhD. Associate Professor, Universidade Federal dos
Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| | - Núbia Carelli Pereira de Avelar
- PT, MSc, PhD. Adjunct Professor, Department of Health
Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Araranguá (SC),
Brazil
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Watermeyer T, Massa F, Goerdten J, Stirland L, Johansson B, Muniz-Terrera G. Cognitive Dispersion Predicts Grip Strength Trajectories in Men but not Women in a Sample of the Oldest Old Without Dementia. Innov Aging 2021; 5:igab025. [PMID: 34549095 PMCID: PMC8448440 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Grip strength is a reliable marker of biological vitality and it typically demonstrates an expected decline in older adults. According to the common-cause hypothesis, there is also a significant association between cognitive and physical function in older adults. Some specific cognitive functions have been shown to be associated with grip strength trajectories with most research solely focused on cutoff points or mean cognitive performance. In the present study, we examine whether a measure of cognitive dispersion might be more informative. We therefore used an index that quantifies dispersion in cognitive scores across multiple cognitive tests, shown to be associated with detrimental outcomes in older adults. Research Design and Methods Using repeated grip strength measures from men and women aged 80 and older, free of dementia in the OCTO-Twin study, we estimated aging-related grip strength trajectories. We examined the association of cognitive dispersion and mean cognitive function with grip strength level and aging-related rate of change, accounting for known risk factors. Results Cognitive dispersion was associated with grip strength trajectories in men and the association varied by mean cognitive performance, whereas we found no association in women. Discussion and Implications Our results provide evidence of a sex-specific vitality association between cognitive dispersion and aging-related trajectories of grip strength. Our results support the call for integration of sex and gender in health promotion and intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamlyn Watermeyer
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Fernando Massa
- Instituto de Estadistica, Universidad de la Republica del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jantje Goerdten
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lucy Stirland
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Boo Johansson
- Department of Psychology & Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), University of Gothenburg, Goethenburg, Sweden
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Sialino LD, Schaap LA, van Oostrom SH, Picavet HSJ, Twisk JWR, Verschuren WMM, Visser M, Wijnhoven HAH. The sex difference in gait speed among older adults: how do sociodemographic, lifestyle, social and health determinants contribute? BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:340. [PMID: 34078276 PMCID: PMC8173843 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study explores whether a sex difference in sensitivity to (strength of the association) and/or in exposure to (prevalence) determinants of gait speed contributes to the observed lower gait speed among older women compared to men. Methods Data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) were used. In total 2407 men and women aged 55–81 years were included, with baseline measurements in 1992/2002 and follow-up measurements every 3–4 years for 15/25 years. Multivariable mixed model analysis was used to investigate sex differences in sensitivity (interaction term with sex) and in exposure to (change of the sex difference when adjusted) socio-demographic, lifestyle, social and health determinants of gait speed. Results Women had a 0.054 m/s (95 % CI: 0.076 − 0.033, adjusted for height and age) lower mean gait speed compared to men. In general, men and women had similar determinants of gait speed. However, higher BMI and lower physical activity were more strongly associated with lower gait speed in women compared to men (i.e. higher sensitivity). More often having a lower educational level, living alone and having more chronic diseases, pain and depressive symptoms among women compared to men also contributed to observed lower gait speed in women (i.e. higher exposure). In contrast, men more often being a smoker, having a lower physical activity and a smaller personal network size compared to women contributed to a lower gait speed among men (i.e. higher exposure). Conclusions Both a higher sensitivity and higher exposure to determinants of gait speed among women compared to men contributes to the observed lower gait speed among older women. The identified (modifiable) contributing factors should be taken into account when developing prevention and/or treatment strategies aimed to enhance healthy physical aging. This might require a sex-specific approach in both research and clinical practice, which is currently often lacking. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-021-02279-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena D Sialino
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Laura A Schaap
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra H van Oostrom
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - H Susan J Picavet
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes W R Twisk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W M Monique Verschuren
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke A H Wijnhoven
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Kline CE, Colvin AB, Pettee Gabriel K, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Cauley JA, Hall MH, Matthews KA, Ruppert KM, Neal-Perry GS, Strotmeyer ES, Sternfeld B. Associations between longitudinal trajectories of insomnia symptoms and sleep duration with objective physical function in postmenopausal women: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Sleep 2021; 44:6168369. [PMID: 33705558 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Examine the association between trajectories of self-reported insomnia symptoms and sleep duration over 13 years with objective physical function. METHODS We utilized data from 1627 Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) participants, aged 61.9±2.7 y at the end of the 13-y follow-up. Latent class growth models identified trajectories of insomnia symptoms (trouble falling asleep, frequent night-time awakenings, and/or early-morning awakening) and sleep duration over 13 y. Physical function tests were performed at the end of the 13-y period: 40-ft walk, 4-m walk, repeated chair stand, grip strength, and balance. Multivariable regression analyses examined each physical function measure according to the insomnia symptom or sleep duration trajectory group. RESULTS Five insomnia symptom trajectories and two sleep duration trajectories were identified. Women with a consistently high likelihood of insomnia symptoms and women with a decreased likelihood of insomnia symptoms (i.e., improving) had slower gait speed (3.5% slower 40-ft walk [consistently high], 3.7% slower 4-m walk [improving]; each P≤.05) than those with a consistently low likelihood of insomnia symptoms. In contrast, women with a steep increase in the likelihood of insomnia symptoms over time and women with persistent insufficient sleep duration had lower odds of having a balance problem (odds ratio [OR]=0.36 and OR=0.61, respectively; each P<.02) compared to those with a consistently low likelihood of insomnia symptoms and those with persistent sufficient sleep duration, respectively. CONCLUSION These results suggest that women's sleep during midlife has important implications for maintaining physical function during the transition into older adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Martica H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Karen A Matthews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
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12
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Nascimento DDC, Prestes J, de Sousa Diniz J, Beal PR, Alves VP, Stone W, Beal FLR. Comparison of field- and laboratory-based estimates of muscle quality index between octogenarians and young older adults: an observational study. J Exerc Rehabil 2020; 16:458-466. [PMID: 33178648 PMCID: PMC7609849 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2040668.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle quality (the ratio of strength to lean muscle mass) might be a better indicator of muscle function than strength alone. Differences in muscle quality index (MQI) between octogenarians and young older adults remain unclear. The aims of the present cross-sectional study were to compare (1) MQI between octogenarians and young older adults, (2) lab versus field-based MQI tools, and (3) determine possible confounding factors affecting MQI in older adults. Compiled data from two cross-sectional studies included 175 younger and older adults (31 men and 144 women) with a mean age of 75.93±9.49 years. Participants with age ≥80 years old were defined as octogenarians (n=79) and <80 years was defined as young older adults (n=96). Laboratory MQI was derived from the ratio of grip strength to arm muscle mass (in kg) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Field-based MQI was quantified from the ratio of grip strength to body mass index (BMI). Octogenarians displayed lower field (P=0.003) and laboratory MQI (P<0.001) as compared with young older adults. There was a strong correlation effect between field MQI and laboratory MQI (P=0.001, R=0.85). BMI (P=0.001), and diabetes mellitus (P=0.001) negatively affected MQI. Women presented lower MQI (P=0.001) values than men. In light of this information, rehabilitation specialists should consider the use of field-based MQI as a tool for evaluation and follow-up of older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahan da Cunha Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Center University of Distrito Federal (UDF), Brasilia, Brazil.,Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Joyce de Sousa Diniz
- Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Vicente Paulo Alves
- Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Whitley Stone
- Department of School of Kinesiology Recreation and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, FL, USA
| | - Fabiani Lage Rodrigues Beal
- Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Health and Medicine School, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil
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13
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Straight CR, Voigt TB, Jala AV, Chase JD, Ringham OR, Ades PA, Toth MJ, Miller MS. Quadriceps Lipid Content Has Sex-Specific Associations With Whole-Muscle, Cellular, and Molecular Contractile Function in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1879-1886. [PMID: 30428006 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased adiposity is associated with reduced skeletal muscle function in older adults, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. To explore whether skeletal muscle properties track with adiposity, whole-muscle, cellular, and molecular function were examined in relation to adiposity measured at various anatomical levels in healthy older (60-80 years) men and women. Although women had greater absolute and relative body and thigh fat than men, quadriceps muscle attenuation, an index of intramuscular lipid content, was similar between sexes. At the whole-muscle level, greater quadriceps attenuation was associated with reduced knee extensor function in women, but not men. In women, decreased myosin heavy chain I and IIA fiber-specific force was associated with higher intramuscular lipid content, which may be explained, in part, by the reduced myofilament lattice stiffness found in myosin heavy chain IIA fibers. Longer myosin attachment times in myosin heavy chain I fibers from men and women were associated with greater amounts of adipose tissue, suggesting that fat deposits lead to slower myosin-actin cross-bridge kinetics. Our results indicate greater quantities of adipose tissue alter myofilament properties and cross-bridge kinetics, which may partially explain the adiposity-induced decrements in single-fiber and whole-muscle function of older adults, especially women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R Straight
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - Thomas B Voigt
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Anudeep V Jala
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - John D Chase
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - Olivia R Ringham
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - Philip A Ades
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Michael J Toth
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Mark S Miller
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
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14
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Relevance of sex, age and gait kinematics when predicting fall-risk and mortality in older adults. J Biomech 2020; 105:109723. [PMID: 32151381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Approximately one-third of elderly people fall each year with severe consequences, including death. The aim of this study was to identify the most relevant features to be considered to maximize the accuracy of a logistic regression model designed for prediction of fall/mortality risk among older people. This study included 261 adults, aged over 65 years. Men and women were analyzed separately because sex stratification was revealed as being essential for our purposes of feature ranking and selection. Participants completed a 3-m walk test at their own gait velocity. An inertial sensor attached to their lumbar spine was used to record acceleration data in the three spatial directions. Signal processing techniques allowed the extraction of 21 features representative of gait kinematics, to be used as predictors to train and test the model. Age and gait speed data were also considered as predictors. A set of 23 features was considered. These features demonstrate to be more or less relevant depending on the sex of the cohort under analysis and the classification label (risk of falls and mortality). In each case, the minimum size subset of relevant features is provided to show the maximum accuracy prediction capability. Gait speed has been largely used as the single feature for the prediction fall risk among older adults. Nevertheless, prediction accuracy can be substantially improved, reaching 70% in some cases, if the task of training and testing the model takes into account some other features, namely, sex, age and gait kinematic parameters. Therefore we recommend considering sex, age and step regularity to predict fall-risk.
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15
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Damasceno VDO, Barros TADR, Gomes WDS, Santos JVP, Ferreira DKDS, Campos EZ, Costa ADS. Development and validation of an equation to estimate body fat in elderly women. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CINEANTROPOMETRIA E DESEMPENHO HUMANO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-0037.2020v22e73625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The purpose of this present study was to develop and validate a prediction equation for body composition assessment using anthropometric measures of elderly women. This is cross-sectional correlational study with 243 older women ± 64.5 years old and body mass index (BMI) ± 28.70 kg/m². For the development of the equation it was utilized the method of hold-out sample validation. The participants were randomly divided into equation development group (96 elderly women) and a group for validation (147 elderly women). Total body mass, height, waist and hip circumferences, ratio waist-hip ratio and BMI were measured. The whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessed body composition (percentage of body fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass). The equations were developed using multiple linear regression, with validation by the stepwise method; the comparison of the equations was analyzed by the paired Student's t test and the analysis of residual scores by the method of Blant and Altman. The New Equation presents a strong correlation (R = 0.83) and (R² = 0.69), and a standard error of estimation equals to 3.21% for percentage body fat prediction. The mean difference between the estimations of percentage body fat from DXA and the New Equation was 0.11% (t(0,180); P = 0.850). Therefore, the New Equation had an accuracy of 93.5% and a total error of 1.8%. The body fat estimation in older women using this New Equation based on BMI and age is valid and accurate.
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16
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Máximo RDO, Santos JLF, Perracini MR, Oliveira CD, Duarte YADO, Alexandre TDS. Abdominal obesity, dynapenia and dynapenic-abdominal obesity as factors associated with falls. Braz J Phys Ther 2019; 23:497-505. [PMID: 30391361 PMCID: PMC6849078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether abdominal obesity, dynapenia and dynapenic-abdominal obesity are associated to the prevalence of single or recurrent falls in older adults. METHODS We analyzed data from 1,046 community-dwelling participants of the SABE Study (Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento/Health, Well-Being and Ageing). Participants were classified as non-dynapenic/non-abdominal obese, abdominal obese only, dynapenic only, and dynapenic-abdominal obese based on waist circumference (>102cm for men and >88cm for women) and handgrip strength (<26kg for men and <16kg for women). Multinomial logistic regression models were ran to determine associations between dynapenia/obesity/dynapenic-abdominal obesity and single/recurring falls, taking non-fallers as reference. RESULTS Abdominal obesity (RRR=1.90 95% CI: 1.02-3.55), dynapenia (RRR=1.80 95% CI: 1.02-3.19), and dynapenic-abdominal obesity (RRR=2.06 95% CI: 1.04-4.10) were associated with a single fall. A stronger association for dynapenic-abdominal obesity compared to the other two conditions alone was found. Dynapenia was the unique condition associated with recurrent falls (RRR=2.33, 95% CI: 1.13-4.81). CONCLUSION The present findings have important implications for the identification of older adults with a greater chance of falls and can help in the development of rehabilitation strategies. Therefore, abdominal obese, dynapenic, and dynapenic abdominal obese individuals should be target groups for the management of falls and their consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mônica Rodrigues Perracini
- Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Master's and Doctoral Programs in Gerontology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tiago da Silva Alexandre
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Gerontology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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17
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Choi YS, Kim MJ, Lee GY, Seo YM, Seo AR, Kim B, Yoo JI, Park KS. The Association between Frailty and Disability among the Elderly in Rural Areas of Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142481. [PMID: 31336809 PMCID: PMC6678915 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: The rapid increase in the elderly population in Korea is associated with an expanded burden of health problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between frailty and physical disability among Koreans using the frailty index, which was developed to assess health conditions in elderly people. Methods: We included 503 elderly people from the Namgaram-II cohort. We used the Korean version of the Kaigo-Yobo checklist as our frailty assessment tool. For the disability assessment tool, we used the Korean version of the 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS-12). We fit multiple linear regression models for men and women for each section. Our models also included variables for musculoskeletal diseases that are known to be associated with frailty, such as sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and radiologic knee osteoarthritis. Results: After correcting for social demographic characteristics, blood profiles, high blood pressure, and diabetes, the Kaigo-Yobo results showed a significant difference in frailty between men (1.53 ± 0.74) and women (2.60 ± 0.77), and WHODAS-12 also showed a significant difference between men (6.59 ± 5.08) and women (15.99 ± 5.70). After correcting for social demographic characteristics, blood profiles, high blood pressure, and diabetes, Kaigo-Yobo and WHODAS-12 were significantly associated with each other among both men (β = 2.667) and women (β = 3.200) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The study results show an association between frailty and disability among elderly people in rural areas. Therefore, prevention should occur at the pre-frailty stage of a person’s life to prevent further disability. Also, disability welfare programs should be provided to elderly people who present with frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeun-Soon Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Mi-Ji Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Ye Lee
- Center for Farmer's Safety and Health, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 79 Gangnam-ro, Jinju-si, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Young-Mi Seo
- Center for Farmer's Safety and Health, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 79 Gangnam-ro, Jinju-si, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Ae-Rim Seo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Center for Farmer's Safety and Health, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 79 Gangnam-ro, Jinju-si, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Bokyoung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Jun-Il Yoo
- Center for Farmer's Safety and Health, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 79 Gangnam-ro, Jinju-si, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 90 Chiram-dong, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Ki Soo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Jinju 52727, Korea.
- Center for Farmer's Safety and Health, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 79 Gangnam-ro, Jinju-si, Jinju 52727, Korea.
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18
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Yamamoto S, Iwata A, Yano Y, Ohmine T, Honma K, Senzaki K, Fujiwara M, Murakami T, Inoue J, Sano Y, Okagawa S, Otsuki Y, Wanaka H, Kataoka M, Iwata H. Preliminary study on the effects of movement velocity training of the upper limbs on gait ability in older adults: a nonrandomized controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:781-788. [PMID: 31118598 PMCID: PMC6503334 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s202897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Movement velocity of the limbs or trunk plays an important determinant of gait speed in older adults. Movement velocity-focused training of the lower limbs or trunk has recently been shown to be an effective intervention to improve gait ability. Because movement velocities of various body regions are significantly correlated, movement velocity training of the upper limbs may also be effective for improving gait speed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether movement velocity training of the upper limbs in a seated position is effective for improving gait ability. Patients and methods: This study was a nonrandomized controlled trial. The participants were older adults residing in geriatric health service facilities. They were assigned to the movement velocity training of the upper limbs group (n=26) or control group (n=15). The participants in the training group performed exercises (three times per week for 10 weeks) to move the upper limbs as quickly as possible. The outcomes were gait speed, movement velocity, and quadriceps strength. These measurements were performed preintervention and 4, 8, and 10 weeks after intervention. Results: A significant time–group interaction was found for maximum gait speed and movement velocity of the upper limbs. Bonferroni post-hoc test showed significant improvement in gait speed between preintervention and 10 weeks after intervention in the training group. The movement velocity of the upper limbs was significantly improved between preintervention and 4, 8, and 10 weeks after intervention. Conclusion: Movement velocity training of the upper limbs showed significant and clinically relevant improvements in maximum gait speed at 10 weeks after intervention. This training is a potentially useful intervention and can be safely performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Yamamoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Iwata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Yano
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Ohmine
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Honma
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuma Senzaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minami Fujiwara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murakami
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junji Inoue
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Sano
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Okagawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tatsumi Hospital, Ikeda, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Otsuki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kisei Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Wanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masataka Kataoka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Waters DL, Qualls CR, Cesari M, Rolland Y, Vlietstra L, Vellas B. Relationship of Incident Falls with Balance Deficits and Body Composition in Male and Female Community-Dwelling Elders. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:9-13. [PMID: 30569062 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sarcopenia and obesity are reported risk factors for falls, although the data are not consistent and most studies do not make sex comparisons. We investigated whether falls were associated with balance, gait, and body composition, and whether these relationships are sex-specific. DESIGN Secondary analysis of 4-year follow-up data from of the New Mexico Aging Process Study. SETTING Albuquerque, New Mexico. PARTICIPANTS 307 participants (M, n=122, 75.8 yr. SD5.5; F, n=183, 74.6yr SD6.1). MEASUREMENTS Gait and balance were assessed annually using the Tinetti test. Lean body mass (LBM), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), fat free mass (FFM), total fat mass (FM) were assessed annually by DXA. Falls were assessed using bimonthly falls calendars. Hazard ratios (HR) for 2-point worsening in gait and balance score and falls were calculated by Cox proportional hazard for men and women. RESULTS Baseline balance deficits, and not body composition, represented the strongest predictor of falls. For the total balance score, the variables with significant sex interactions were ASM (Male-HR 1.02 95%CI 0.60-1.73; Female-HR 1.92 95%CI 1.05-3.52, p=0.03) and FFM (Male-HR 1.04 95%CI 0.64-1.70; Female-HR 1.91 95%CI 1.12-3.24, p=0.04), after adjustment for age, sarcopenia and physical activity. The body composition relationship with balance deficits was U-shaped with the strongest predictors being low LBM in males and high FM in females. CONCLUSIONS Specific body composition components and balance deficits are risk factors for falls following sex-specific patterns. Sex differences need to be explored and considered in interventions for worsening balance and falls prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Waters
- Debra Waters, Department of Medicine / School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand, , +64 3 479 7222
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20
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Ukegbu PO, Kruger HS, Meyer JD, Nienaber-Rousseau C, Botha-Ravyse C, Moss SJ, Kruger MI. The association between calf circumference and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index of black urban women in Tlokwe City. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY METABOLISM AND DIABETES OF SOUTH AFRICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/16089677.2018.1518825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- PO Ukegbu
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - HS Kruger
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Medical Research Council Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease Research Unit, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - JD Meyer
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - C Nienaber-Rousseau
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - C Botha-Ravyse
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - SJ Moss
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - MI Kruger
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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21
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Knee extension rate of velocity development affects walking performance differently in men and women. Exp Gerontol 2018; 112:63-67. [PMID: 30218708 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acceleration capacity affects physical function, but whether it differentially affects men versus women or weak versus strong individuals is less known. We investigated whether knee extension rate of velocity development (RVD, a measure of acceleration) is associated with walking performance independent of peak torque and whether the relationships differ in men versus women and in weak versus strong individuals. METHODS Relationships of RVD with walking performance were assessed in 326 women and 365 men aged 26-96 years enrolled in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Tests included knee extension peak torque and RVD assessed during a 180°·s-1 isokinetic strength test and four walking performance measures (usual-paced and fast-paced 6 m walks and 2.5 min usual-paced and 400 m fast-paced walks). Sex-stratified linear regression models were adjusted for age, race, height, appendicular lean mass, fat mass, peak torque, knee pain, and RVD*peak torque interaction. RESULTS In men, RVD was not independently associated with any walking performance measure (p > 0.05), and, for the 6 m-usual walk only, there was a significant RVD*peak torque interaction (p < 0.0001). In women, RVD was independently associated with usual-paced walks (p < 0.05) and there were significant RVD ∗ peak torque interactions for all measures. Strength-specific analyses indicated that RVD was most associated with performance among weaker individuals. CONCLUSION RVD is associated with walking performance in women, but less in men, and is most related to performance when strength is low. Strategies to accomplish motor tasks may be sex-specific. Future studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying such sex differences.
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Taani MH, Siglinsky E, Kovach CR, Buehring B. Psychosocial Factors Associated With Reduced Muscle Mass, Strength, and Function in Residential Care Apartment Complex Residents. Res Gerontol Nurs 2018; 11:238-248. [DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20180810-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Straight CR, Berg AC, Reed RA, Johnson MA, Evans EM. Reduced body weight or increased muscle quality: Which is more important for improving physical function following exercise and weight loss in overweight and obese older women? Exp Gerontol 2018; 108:159-165. [PMID: 29679690 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relative contributions of changes in muscle quality and body composition to changes in lower-extremity physical function (LEPF) following a 6-month exercise and weight loss intervention in overweight and obese older women. Thirty-eight overweight and obese (BMI = 30.0 ± 4.4 kg/m2) older (age = 69.3 ± 4.1 y) women completed 6 months of multicomponent exercise (cardiorespiratory, resistance, balance and flexibility training) and weight loss (hypocaloric diet that reduced energy intake by ~500 kcal/d). Body composition was measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and muscle quality (N-m/kg) was defined as maximal concentric isokinetic knee torque divided by upper-leg lean mass. The standardized scores of four objective measures of physical function were summed to yield a composite LEPF Z-score. At 6 months, there were significant reductions in body weight (-9.6 ± 3.5%, p < 0.01), absolute fat mass (-6.8 ± 2.4 kg, p < 0.01) and relative adiposity (-4.9 ± 2.1%, p < 0.01). There were also improvements in both muscle quality (+1.6 ± 1.8 N-m/kg, p < 0.01) and individual measures of LEPF (11-57%, p < 0.01). Multivariate linear regression indicated that increased muscle quality was the strongest independent predictor of an improvement in LEPF Z-score (standardized β = 0.64, p < 0.01) and explained 34% of the variance. A reduction in body weight also predicted an improvement in LEPF, independent of the change in muscle quality. In conclusion, muscle quality can be increased in the presence of clinically meaningful weight loss, and is the primary determinant of improved physical function in overweight/obese older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R Straight
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, 330 River Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Alison C Berg
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, 300 Carlton Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Rachelle A Reed
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, 330 River Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Mary Ann Johnson
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, 115 DW Brooks Dr., Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Ellen M Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, 330 River Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Osawa Y, Studenski SA, Ferrucci L. Knee extension rate of torque development and peak torque: associations with lower extremity function. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:530-539. [PMID: 29569834 PMCID: PMC5989739 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With aging, the ability to generate muscle force decreases, contributing to declines in physical functions such as walking. While most studies assess muscle force by peak torque, the rate of torque development (RTD) reflects a dynamic component of muscle performance that is important for physical function. Using data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we assessed whether RTD adds significantly to peak torque in associations with lower extremity performance. If so, RTD may help identify weak older adults for screening and intervention. METHODS We assessed associations of RTD and peak torque with physical performance independent of demographics, BMI, body composition, and each other in 1089 Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants (49.7% women; aged 26 to 96 years; women, 64.0 ± 13.8 years; men, 68.4 ± 14.4 years). Peak torque was assessed by isometric and 30 deg/s isokinetic knee extension tests. Peak RTD was operationalized as the maximum torque-time slope among successive 50 ms epochs over the first 3 s of a test of knee extension isometric strength, with the knee joint positioned at 120 deg of flexion. A battery of lower extremity performance tests included gait speed during a 6 m walk at usual and fast pace (6 m usual and fast), time to complete a 400 m walk at fast pace (400 m), distance covered in a 2.5 min walk at normal pace (2.5 min), time to complete 5 and 10 chair stands, and two summary tests of lower extremity performance. Sex-stratified generalized linear regression models were adjusted for age, race, BMI, appendicular lean mass, and whole body fat mass. RESULTS In men, independent of either measure of peak torque and cofactors, RTD was a significant (P < 0.05) predictor of all lower extremity performance tests except the 400 m and 2.5 min walks. In women, independent of peak torque, RTD was only a significant independent correlate of the 6 m fast walk (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS RTD independently contributes to physical functions in men but less in women. The mechanisms underlying the sex difference are unclear and require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Osawa
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie A Studenski
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Nunes PR, Oliveira AA, Martins FM, Souza AP, Orsatti FL. Effect of resistance training volume on walking speed performance in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2017; 97:80-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Correa-de-Araujo R, Harris-Love MO, Miljkovic I, Fragala MS, Anthony BW, Manini TM. The Need for Standardized Assessment of Muscle Quality in Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit and Other Aging-Related Muscle Dysfunctions: A Symposium Report. Front Physiol 2017; 8:87. [PMID: 28261109 PMCID: PMC5310167 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of scientific literature suggests that not only changes in skeletal muscle mass, but also other factors underpinning muscle quality, play a role in the decline in skeletal muscle function and impaired mobility associated with aging. A symposium on muscle quality and the need for standardized assessment was held on April 28, 2016 at the International Conference on Frailty and Sarcopenia Research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The purpose of this symposium was to provide a venue for basic science and clinical researchers and expert clinicians to discuss muscle quality in the context of skeletal muscle function deficit and other aging-related muscle dysfunctions. The present article provides an expanded introduction concerning the emerging definitions of muscle quality and a potential framework for scientific inquiry within the field. Changes in muscle tissue composition, based on excessive levels of inter- and intra-muscular adipose tissue and intramyocellular lipids, have been found to adversely impact metabolism and peak force generation. However, methods to easily and rapidly assess muscle tissue composition in multiple clinical settings and with minimal patient burden are needed. Diagnostic ultrasound and other assessment methods continue to be developed for characterizing muscle pathology, and enhanced sonography using sensors to provide user feedback and improve reliability is currently the subject of ongoing investigation and development. In addition, measures of relative muscle force such as specific force or grip strength adjusted for body size have been proposed as methods to assess changes in muscle quality. Furthermore, performance-based assessments of muscle power via timed tests of function and body size estimates, are associated with lower extremity muscle strength may be responsive to age-related changes in muscle quality. Future aims include reaching consensus on the definition and standardized assessments of muscle quality, and providing recommendations to address critical clinical and technology research gaps within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaly Correa-de-Araujo
- Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael O Harris-Love
- Muscle Morphology, Mechanics and Performance Laboratory, Clinical Research Center - Human Performance Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical CenterWashington, DC, USA; Geriatrics and Extended Care Service/Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical CenterWashington, DC, USA; Department of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Brian W Anthony
- Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MA, USA; Medical Electronic Device Realization Center, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, MA, USA
| | - Todd M Manini
- Department of Aging & Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, FL, USA
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Orsatti FL, Nunes PRP, Souza ADP, Martins FM, de Oliveira AA, Nomelini RS, Michelin MA, Murta EFC. Predicting Functional Capacity From Measures of Muscle Mass in Postmenopausal Women. PM R 2016; 9:596-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Siglinsky E, Krueger D, Ward R, Caserotti P, Strotmeyer E, Harris T, Binkley N, Buehring B. Effect of age and sex on jumping mechanography and other measures of muscle mass and function. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2015; 15:301-8. [PMID: 26636275 PMCID: PMC4784267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sarcopenia increases falls and fracture risk. Sarcopenia clinical trials require robust quantitative tools to evaluate muscle function; jumping mechanography (JM) is likely one such tool. However, US data comparing JM with traditional tests across the lifespan is limited. This study evaluated the effect of age and sex on JM compared with traditional function tests and lean mass. METHODS US adults (213 women/119 men; mean age 65.4 years, range 27-96) performed functional tests including JM, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and grip strength (GS). Appendicular lean mass (ALM) was measured using DXA. RESULTS Men had higher relative jump power [mean (SD) 28.5 (10.52) vs. 21.9 (7.11) W/kg], GS [35.5 (9.84) vs. 22.7 (6.98) kg] and ALM/ht(2) [8.25 (1.35) vs. 6.99 (1.38) kg/m2] (all p<0.0001); no difference was observed for SPPB components. JM parameters were more strongly correlated with age than traditional tests (R2=0.38-0.61 vs. R2=0.01-0.28) and weakly with GS and chair rise time (R2=0.30-0.36). CONCLUSION JM parameters are correlated with GS and chair rise time and demonstrate stronger correlations with age. JM shows promise as a valuable tool to evaluate and monitor interventions for sarcopenia as it could potentially detect change in muscle function more precisely than existing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Siglinsky
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - D. Krueger
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - R.E. Ward
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Cambridge, MA,Boston University School of Public Health, Boston,
MA
| | | | - E.S. Strotmeyer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Aging and
Population Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - N. Binkley
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - B. Buehring
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, WI,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison,
WI,Corresponding author: Bjoern Buehring, University of Wisconsin
Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, 2870 University Avenue, Suite 100,
Madison, WI 53705, Vc (607.265.6410) E-mail:
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Sex-specific relationships of physical activity, body composition, and muscle quality with lower-extremity physical function in older men and women. Menopause 2015; 22:297-303. [PMID: 25137244 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the sex-specific relationships of physical activity, body composition, and muscle quality with lower-extremity physical function in older men and women. METHODS Seventy-nine community-dwelling men (n = 39; mean [SD] age, 76.1 [6.2] y; mean [SD] body mass index, 27.3 [3.8] kg/m(2)) and women (n = 40; mean [SD] age, 75.8 [5.5] y; mean [SD] body mass index, 27.0 [3.8] kg/m(2)) were assessed for physical activity via questionnaire, body composition via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanning, leg extension power using the Nottingham power rig, and muscle quality (W/kg; the ratio of leg extension power [W] to lower-body mineral-free lean mass [kg]). A composite measure of physical function was obtained by summing Z scores from the 6-minute walk, 8-ft up-and-go test, and 30-second chair-stand test. RESULTS As expected, men had significantly greater levels of physical activity, lower adiposity, greater lean mass, higher leg extension power, and greater muscle quality compared with women (all P < 0.05). In linear regression analyses, muscle quality and physical activity were the strongest predictors of lower-extremity physical function in men and independently explained 42% and 29% of the variance, respectively. In women, muscle quality (16%) and percent body fat (12%) were independent predictors after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Muscle quality is the strongest predictor of lower-extremity physical function in men and women, but sex impacts the importance of physical activity and adiposity. These findings suggest that older men and women may benefit from different intervention strategies for preventing physical disability and also highlight the importance of weight management for older women to preserve physical function.
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Falsarella GR, Gasparotto LPR, Barcelos CC, Coimbra IB, Moretto MC, Pascoa MA, Ferreira TCBR, Coimbra AMV. Body composition as a frailty marker for the elderly community. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:1661-6. [PMID: 26527868 PMCID: PMC4621187 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s84632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body composition (BC) in the elderly has been associated with diseases and mortality; however, there is a shortage of data on frailty in the elderly. Objective To investigate the association between BC and frailty, and identify BC profiles in nonfrail, prefrail, and frail elderly people. Methods A cross-sectional study comprising 235 elderly (142 females and 93 males) aged ≥65 years, from the city of Amparo, State of São Paulo, Brazil, was undertaken. Sociodemographic and cognitive features, comorbidities, medication, frailty, body mass index (BMI), muscle mass, fat mass, bone mass, and fat percent (%) data were evaluated. Aiming to examine the relationship between BC and frailty, the Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric tests were applied. The statistical significance level was P<0.05. Results The nonfrail elderly showed greater muscle mass and greater bone mass compared with the prefrail and frail ones. The frail elderly had greater fat % than the nonfrail elderly. There was a positive association between grip strength and muscle mass with bone mass (P<0.001), and a negative association between grip strength and fat % (P<0.001). Gait speed was positively associated with fat mass (P=0.038) and fat % (P=0.002). The physical activity level was negatively associated with fat % (P=0.022). The weight loss criterion was positively related to muscle mass (P<0.001), bone mass (P=0.009), fat mass (P=0.018), and BMI (P=0.003). There was a negative association between fatigue and bone mass (P=0.008). Discussion: Frailty in the elderly was characterized by a BC profile/phenotype with lower muscle mass and lower bone mass and with a higher fat %. The BMI was not effective in evaluating the relationship between BC and frailty. The importance of evaluating the fat % was verified when considering the tissue distribution in the elderly BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gláucia Regina Falsarella
- Gerontology Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Pimenta Renó Gasparotto
- Gerontology Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Coutinho Barcelos
- Department of Medical Clinics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ibsen Bellini Coimbra
- Gerontology Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil ; Department of Medical Clinics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Moretto
- Gerontology Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Alexandre Pascoa
- Department Biodynamics of Movement, Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita C B Rezende Ferreira
- Gerontology Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arlete Maria Valente Coimbra
- Gerontology Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil ; Family Health Program, Gerontology Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Russ DW, Boyd IM, McCoy KM, McCorkle KW. Muscle-specificity of age-related changes in markers of autophagy and sphingolipid metabolism. Biogerontology 2015; 16:747-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Minematsu A, Hazaki K, Harano A, Okamoto N, Kurumatani N. Differences in physical function by body mass index in elderly Japanese individuals: The Fujiwara-kyo Study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 10:41-8. [PMID: 26072292 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined differences in physical function according to body mass index (BMI) in elderly Japanese individuals. METHODS Participants (1754 men and 1795 women aged ≥65 years) were divided into the following five BMI groups: low BMI (≤20.0), low-medium BMI (20.1-22.5), medium BMI (22.6-25.0), medium-high BMI (25.1-27.5) and high BMI (≥27.6). Physical function was measured according to BMI and sex, and associations between BMI and physical function were examined. RESULTS Compared with the medium BMI group, handgrip strength (HGS), knee extension torque (KET), and knee flexion torque (KFT) were significantly lower in both sexes in the low BMI group, while KET and KFT were significantly higher among men in the high BMI group. One-leg standing time (OLST) with open eyes was significantly shorter among men in the high BMI group than in the medium BMI group. The high BMI group was significantly inferior to the medium BMI group in 10m gait time (10MGT), OLST, and maximum one-step length to height ratio among women. All physical functions, except for 10MGT in men, were associated with BMI adjusted age and/or sex. Muscle strength showed a positive association with BMI in both sexes. There was a stronger association between BMI and physical performance in women compared to men. CONCLUSION We found that BMI influences a variety of factors related to muscle strength and physical performance. Our findings may help contribute to the prevention of mobility impairments in elderly Japanese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Minematsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Science, Kio University, Japan.
| | - Kan Hazaki
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Japan
| | - Akihiro Harano
- Department of Orthopedics, Yamato Takada Municipal Hospital, Japan
| | - Nozomi Okamoto
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Norio Kurumatani
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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Effect of wrist angle on median nerve appearance at the proximal carpal tunnel. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117930. [PMID: 25658422 PMCID: PMC4320094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of wrist angle, sex, and handedness on the changes in the median nerve cross-sectional area (MNCSA) and median nerve diameters, namely longitudinal diameter (D1) and vertical diameter (D2). Ultrasound examination was conducted to examine the median nerve at the proximal carpal tunnel in both dominant and nondominant hands of men (n = 27) and women (n = 26). A total of seven wrist angles were examined: neutral; 15°, 30°, and 45° extension; and 15°, 30°, and 45° flexion. Our results indicated sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry of MNCSA, D1 and D2 measurements. MNCSA was significantly reduced when the wrist angle changed from neutral to flexion or extension positions. At flexion positions, D1 was significantly smaller than that at neutral. In contrast, at extension positions, D2 was significantly smaller than that at neutral. In conclusion, this study showed that MNCSA decreased as the wrist angle changed from neutral to flexion or extension positions in both dominant and nondominant hands of both sexes, whereas deformation of the median nerve differed between wrist flexion and extension.
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Muscle Quality in Aging: a Multi-Dimensional Approach to Muscle Functioning with Applications for Treatment. Sports Med 2015; 45:641-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Foley MP, Barnes VA, Hasson SM. Effects of a community-based multimodal exercise program on physical function and quality of life in cancer survivors: a pilot study. Physiother Theory Pract 2015; 31:303-12. [PMID: 25613524 DOI: 10.3109/09593985.2015.1004390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this single-arm pilot study was to examine the effects of a community-based multimodal exercise program on: physical function (Timed-Up-and-Go [TUG], 6-min walk test [6MWT], leg and chest press strength, and functional reach [FR]); and quality of life, QoL [FACT-G]), in cancer survivors. Fifty-nine cancer survivors (91.5% female; mean age 59 ± 12 years) completed supervised exercise training for 90 min twice weekly for 12 weeks. Exercise training consisted of 30 min of each of the following: (1) aerobic conditioning; (2) resistance training; and (3) balance and flexibility training. Pre-post-outcome measures were compared for statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) and were related to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Model. Effect sizes (ES), minimal clinically important differences, and minimal detectable change at 90% confidence intervals were calculated. Participants decreased TUG time by 21.1% and walked 15.5% farther during 6-MWT (p < 0.001). Leg and chest press strength increased by 34.5% and 32.7%, respectively (p < 0.001). FR increased by 15.1% (p < 0.001). Significant improvements for physical well-being (13.9%), emotional well-being (6.7%), functional well-being (13.0%), and total well-being (9.6%) were found (p < 0.01). Improvements in physical function and QoL showed "moderate to large" ESs indicating improvements in physical function and QoL are clinically meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Foley
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia Regents University , Augusta, GA , USA
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37
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Muscle quality and relative adiposity are the strongest predictors of lower-extremity physical function in older women. Maturitas 2015; 80:95-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Relationship between strength, function, and quality of life in older adults with chronic lung disease: is there an influence of gender? J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2014; 34:143-9. [PMID: 24500262 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic lung disease results in impaired quality of life (QOL) linked to loss of muscular strength and functional ability. Inequalities in strength and function may place women at greater risk than men. This study evaluated the influence of gender on the relationship between muscular strength, functional ability, and QOL. METHODS Older adults (N = 40) referred to a pulmonary rehabilitation program completed assessment of upper body and lower body strength, functional ability, and QOL. To compensate for gender differences, strength was normalized for body mass. RESULTS Strength was greater in men than in women (P < .001). No gender differences were observed for function. Men perceived better QOL related to physical function (score: 39.3 ± 3.3 vs 27.1 ± 2.1, P < .01) and social function (score: 58.0 ± 5.8 vs 41.6 ± 4.0, P < .05). In men, strength was related directly to QOL through physical function (r = 0.53, P < .05) and social function (r = 0.52, P < .05), and functional ability had no relationship to QOL. In women, strength was related to functional ability (r = 0.57, P < .05), and functional ability was directly related to QOL through physical function (r = 0.46, P < .05), and social function (r = 0.59, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Functional ability mediates the relationship between strength and QOL in women, while in men strength is directly related to QOL. These gender-specific pathways to QOL may be of importance to clinicians planning interventions for older adults with chronic lung disease.
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Ruhdorfer A, Wirth W, Hitzl W, Nevitt M, Eckstein F. Association of thigh muscle strength with knee symptoms and radiographic disease stage of osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014; 66:1344-53. [PMID: 24578353 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether thigh muscle strength differs between symptomatic and asymptomatic knees, and/or different radiographic strata of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS Isometric extensor and flexor strength were analyzed in 3,809 Osteoarthritis Initiative participants (2,201 women and 1,608 men) with central radiographic Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grade readings. Isometric strength measurements were stratified by radiographic disease status (K/L grades 0, 1, 2, and 3/4) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain scores. Age-adjusted, separate-slopes analysis of covariance models was used to compare strength between "symptomatic" (WOMAC score range 5-20) and "asymptomatic" (WOMAC score = 0) legs within and across K/L grade strata. Exploratory analyses focused on strength normalized to body weight and symptom frequency. RESULTS Isometric strength was significantly lower in symptomatic than in asymptomatic legs: -11 to -13% for extensor strength and -7 to -16% for flexor strength (P < 0.0001 for both) in men, and -9 to -17% (P = 0.029) for extensor strength, and -10 to -21% (P = 0.049) for flexor strength in women. Similar observations were made for pain frequency strata. Extensor and flexor strength were not significantly different across K/L grade strata in asymptomatic legs in either sex (P ≥ 0.12). However, strength normalized to body weight was lower at higher K/L grades in both sexes (P ≤ 0.02) because the body mass index was greater in participants with more advanced radiographic disease. CONCLUSION Knee symptoms (i.e., pain) appear to be the relevant determinant of isometric knee extensor and flexor strength in KOA, whereas no direct association between strength and radiographic severity was observed. These findings suggest that the reduction in thigh muscle strength in KOA is related to pain but not to the structural (radiographic) disease status.
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Knechtle B, Assadi H, Lepers R, Rosemann T, Rüst CA. Relationship between age and elite marathon race time in world single age records from 5 to 93 years. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2014; 6:31. [PMID: 25120915 PMCID: PMC4130115 DOI: 10.1186/2052-1847-6-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of the study were (i) to investigate the relationship between elite marathon race times and age in 1-year intervals by using the world single age records in marathon running from 5 to 93 years and (ii) to evaluate the sex difference in elite marathon running performance with advancing age. METHODS World single age records in marathon running in 1-year intervals for women and men were analysed regarding changes across age for both men and women using linear and non-linear regression analyses for each age for women and men. RESULTS The relationship between elite marathon race time and age was non-linear (i.e. polynomial regression 4(th) degree) for women and men. The curve was U-shaped where performance improved from 5 to ~20 years. From 5 years to ~15 years, boys and girls performed very similar. Between ~20 and ~35 years, performance was quite linear, but started to decrease at the age of ~35 years in a curvilinear manner with increasing age in both women and men. The sex difference increased non-linearly (i.e. polynomial regression 7(th) degree) from 5 to ~20 years, remained unchanged at ~20 min from ~20 to ~50 years and increased thereafter. The sex difference was lowest (7.5%, 10.5 min) at the age of 49 years. CONCLUSION Elite marathon race times improved from 5 to ~20 years, remained linear between ~20 and ~35 years, and started to increase at the age of ~35 years in a curvilinear manner with increasing age in both women and men. The sex difference in elite marathon race time increased non-linearly and was lowest at the age of ~49 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, Zurich, Switzerland ; Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Assadi
- INSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Romuald Lepers
- INSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
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Biomarkers of muscle quality: N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen and C-terminal agrin fragment responses to resistance exercise training in older adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2014; 5:139-48. [PMID: 24197815 PMCID: PMC4053565 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-013-0120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-terminal peptide of procollagen type III (P3NP) and C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF) are circulating biomarkers that are related to lean body mass in older adults. P3NP is a circulating marker reflective of muscular structural remodeling while CAF is a circulating marker of neuromuscular remodeling. As resistance exercise is an established intervention that can effectively improve muscle quality, we sought to evaluate circulating biomarker changes corresponding to a resistance exercise intervention in older adults. METHODS Twenty-three older adults (aged 61 to 85 years) were randomized into an intervention (6-week resistance training) or control group. Resting circulating P3NP, CAF, lean body mass (LBM), muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle strength, and muscle quality were determined at baseline and after the intervention or control period by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, ultrasound, leg extension, and relative strength, respectively. Changes in circulating biomarkers and measures of muscle mass and quality were evaluated with repeated-measures analysis of variance; clinical interpretations were made with magnitude-based inferences, and relationships between variables were evaluated with bivariate correlations. RESULTS The short-term resistance exercise intervention was effective at improving muscle quality by 28 % (p < 0.001) despite no significant changes in lean body mass. Baseline circulating P3NP was somewhat lower in older women (4.15 ± 1.9 ng/mL) compared with older men (4.81 ± 2.1 ng/mL). The exercise intervention tended to increase circulating P3NP (baseline = 4.53 ± 1.80 to post = 4.88 ± 1.86) and was significantly correlated with changes in LBM (r = 0.422, p = 0.045). At baseline, women (3.91 ± 1.12 pg/mL) had somewhat higher circulating CAF than men (3.47 ± 1.37 pg/mL). Circulating CAF increased by 10.4 % (3.59 to 4.00 pg/ml) in older adults following 6 weeks of resistance exercise training. Changes in circulating CAF were significantly related to changes in CSA of the vastus lateralis (r = 0.542, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Assessment of P3NP and CAF from blood samples may provide minimally invasive and clinically informative measures of skeletal muscle status in older adults. Circulating CAF appears to increase in response to short-term resistance exercise training in older adults to a clinically meaningful magnitude. Changes in circulating P3NP in response to the intervention were less clear but appear to reflect muscle hypertrophy. Further research is needed to elucidate whether P3NP, CAF, or other biomarkers can reflect muscle qualitative adaptations with larger and longer studies.
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Brady AO, Straight CR, Schmidt MD, Evans EM. Impact of body mass index on the relationship between muscle quality and physical function in older women. J Nutr Health Aging 2014; 18:378-82. [PMID: 24676318 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-013-0421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) (normal weight, overweight, obese) on the relationship between muscle quality (MQ) and physical function in community-dwelling older women. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling older women (n = 94, 73.6 ± 5.4 y) stratified by BMI (normal weight: 20.0-24.9 kg/m2; overweight: 25.0-29.9 kg/m2; obese: ≥ 30.0 kg/m2). MEASUREMENTS Body mass index using height and weight, leg extension power via the Nottingham power rig, body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and physical function (6-minute walk, 8-foot up-and-go, 30-second chair stand). Muscle quality was defined as leg power (watts) normalized for lower-body mineral-free lean mass (kg). RESULTS Following adjustments for covariates, muscle quality was significantly higher in women of normal BMI compared to overweight (10.0 ± 0.4 vs. 8.7 ± 0.4 watts/kg, p = 0.03). Muscle quality was a significant predictor of performance on the 6-minute walk and 8-foot up-and-go in normal and overweight women (all p < 0.05) and performance on the 30-second chair stand in normal and obese women (both p < 0.05). Body mass index did not significantly impact the association between MQ and physical function (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Muscle quality varies by BMI, yet the relationship to physical function is not significantly different across BMI groups. The results imply that interventions that increase MQ in older women may improve physical function, regardless of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Brady
- Anne O. Brady, PhD, University of Georgia, Department of Kinesiology, 330 River Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA, , Phone: 678-938-8862
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Abstract
The population of older adults in the United States is steadily growing and identifying factors that contribute to healthy aging is a public health priority. Changes in body composition are a hallmark of the aging process and have been implicated in the loss of physical function among older adults. In particular, age-related declines in muscle strength and power occur at a faster rate than the loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia), and this suggests a decrease in muscle quality of older adults. Muscle quality has traditionally been defined as muscle function (strength or power) per unit of muscle size (mass or cross-sectional area) and a growing body of literature suggests that lower body muscle quality may be critical for maintaining functional independence with age. However, the literature regarding the definition of muscle quality and its relationship with health outcomes in older adults has not been adequately reviewed. Thus, the aim of this report is to highlight the contemporary literature regarding age-related changes in muscle quality and its relationship with health outcomes in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R. Straight
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Anne O. Brady
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Ellen M. Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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