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Islam R, Ferdous FB, Hoque MN, Asif NA, Rana ML, Siddique MP, Rahman MT. Characterization of β-lactamase and virulence genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical, environmental and poultry sources in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296542. [PMID: 38626002 PMCID: PMC11020970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa are major concerns for public health worldwide. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of P. aeruginosa in clinical, environmental, and poultry sources in Bangladesh, along with their antibiotic susceptibility and the profiling of β-lactamase and virulence genes using standard molecular and microbiology techniques. We collected 110 samples from five different locations, viz., BAU residential area (BAURA; n = 15), BAU Healthcare Center (BAUHCC; n = 20), BAU Veterinary Teaching Hospital (BAUVTH; n = 22), Poultry Market (PM; n = 30) and Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MCCH; n = 23). After overnight enrichment in nutrient broth, 89 probable Pseudomonas isolates (80.90%) were screened through selective culture, gram-staining and biochemical tests. Using genus- and species-specific PCR, we confirmed 22 isolates (20.0%) as P. aeruginosa from these samples. Antibiogram profiling revealed that 100.0% P. aeruginosa isolates (n = 22) were multidrug-resistant isolates, showing resistance against Doripenem, Penicillin, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, and Imipenem. Furthermore, resistance to aztreonam was observed in 95.45% isolates. However, P. aeruginosa isolates showed a varying degree of sensitivity against Amikacin, Gentamicin, and Ciprofloxacin. The blaTEM gene was detected in 86.0% isolates, while blaCMY, blaSHV and blaOXA, were detected in 27.0%, 18.0% and 5.0% of the P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. The algD gene was detected in 32.0% isolates, whereas lasB and exoA genes were identified in 9.0% and 5.0% P. aeruginosa isolates. However, none of the P. aeruginosa isolates harbored exoS gene. Hence, this study provides valuable and novel insights on the resistance and virulence of circulating P. aeruginosa within the clinical, environmental, and poultry environments of Bangladesh. These findings are crucial for understanding the emergence of β-lactamase resistance in P. aeruginosa, highlighting its usefulness in the treatment and control of P. aeruginosa infections in both human and animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raihana Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Binte Ferdous
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - M. Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Nowshad Atique Asif
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Liton Rana
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubul Pratik Siddique
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Khoshnood S, Akrami S, Saki M, Motahar M, Masihzadeh S, Daneshfar S, Meghdadi H, Abbasi Montazeri E, Abdi M, Farshadzadeh Z. Molecular evaluation of aminoglycosides resistance and biofilm formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1266. [PMID: 37205937 PMCID: PMC10190123 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Resistance to antibiotics and the capability to develop biofilm as two main virulent determinants of Klebsiella pneumoniae have important role in infection persistence. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance and virulence genes and biofilm formation capacity in K. pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitalized patients in South-West of Iran. Methods A total of 114 non-duplicate clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae collected from Ahvaz teaching hospitals. Identification of species was performed by biochemical tests and then confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of rpoB gene. The susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Biofilm formation was assessed by microtiter plate method. Finally, PCR was conducted to detect virulence gene determinants including fimbrial genes, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes- and 16S rRNA methylase (RMTase) genes. Results Totally, all collected strains were carbapenem resistant and showed multidrug- and extensively drug-resistance phenotype (75% and 25%, respectively). Seventy-one percent (n = 81) of isolates were non-susceptible to aminoglycosides. Among aminoglycoside antibiotics, K. pneumoniae isolates showed the highest and lowest resistance rates to tobramycin (71%) and the amikacin (25%), respectively. All biofilm producer strains were positive for the presence virulence determinants including ecpA, fimA, mrkD, and mrkA. Of 81 aminoglycosides non-susceptible isolates 33% were positive for the presence ant (2″)-Ia as the most prevalent gene followed by aac (3')-IIa and armA (27%), aac (6')-Ib (18%), and aph (3')-Ia (15%). Conclusion K. pneumoniae isolates showed the highest and the lowest aminoglycoside resistance rates to tobramycin and amikacin, respectively. Majority of isolates were biofilm producers and there was significant association between antibiotic resistance pattern and the strength of biofilm production. The ant(2″)-Ia, aac (3')-IIa, and armA genes in aminoglycoside-resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research CenterIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
| | - Sousan Akrami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC)Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Morteza Saki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Moloudsadat Motahar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Sara Masihzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Sara Daneshfar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Hossein Meghdadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Effat Abbasi Montazeri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Marjan Abdi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Zahra Farshadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research InstituteAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
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Phenotypic and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC- and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Iran. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4769-4776. [PMID: 35657452 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the current study is to evaluate the phenotypic and molecular characterization of ESBL/AmpC- and carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates in Iran. METHODS From October 2018 until the end of April 2020, different clinical samples were collected and K. pneumoniae isolates were identified using conventional biochemical tests and PCR assay. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Modified Hedge Test (MHT) was applied to the identification of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae. ESBL and AmpC-producing K. pneumoniae were detected using Double Disc Test (DDT) and Disc Potentiation Test (DPT), respectively. The presence of carbapenemase, ESBL, and AmpC encoding genes was screened by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay. RESULTS A total of 100 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected. K. pneumoniae isolates had the highest resistance rate to cefazolin (66%) and cefotaxime (66%). Meropenem and amikacin with sensitivity rates of 76% and 69% were the most effective antimicrobial agents on K. pneumoniae isolates. It was found that 12 (12%), 27 (27%), and 9 (9%) K. pneumoniae isolates were positive in MHT, DDT, and DPT tests, respectively. Among the carbapenemase-encoding genes, blaOXA-48 (24%) and blaIMP (13%) genes had the highest frequency, while blaKPC and blaGIM genes were not detected among K. pneumoniae isolates. blaTEM (48%) and blaCMY (8%) genes had the highest frequency among ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase-encoding genes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS It is vital to adopt effective control strategies for K. pneumoniae infections and ensure rapid identification of antibiotic resistance profile.
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Azimi L, Armin S, Samadi Kafil H, Abdollahi N, Ghazvini K, Hasanzadeh S, Shahraki Zahedani S, Rafiei Tabatabaei S, Fallah F. Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic patterns of aminoglycoside resistance in the Gram-negative bacteria isolates collected from pediatric and general hospitals. Mol Cell Pediatr 2022; 9:2. [PMID: 35119565 PMCID: PMC8816979 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-022-00134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic patterns of aminoglycoside resistance among the Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolates collected from pediatric and general hospitals in Iran. A total of 836 clinical isolates of GNB were collected from pediatric and general hospitals from January 2018 to the end of December 2019. The identification of bacterial isolates was performed by conventional biochemical tests. Susceptibility to aminoglycosides was evaluated by the disk diffusion method (DDM). The frequency of genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) was screened by the PCR method via specific primers. Among all pediatric and general hospitals, the predominant GNB isolates were Acinetobacter spp. (n = 327) and Escherichia coli (n = 144). However, E. coli (n = 20/144; 13.9%) had the highest frequency in clinical samples collected from pediatrics. The DDM results showed that 64.3% of all GNB were resistant to all of the tested aminoglycoside agents. Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae with 93.6%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 93.4%, and Enterobacter spp. with 86.5% exhibited very high levels of resistance to gentamicin. Amikacin was the most effective antibiotic against E. coli isolates. In total, the results showed that the aac (6')-Ib gene with 59% had the highest frequency among genes encoding AMEs in GNB. The frequency of the surveyed aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes among all GNB was found as follows: aph (3')-VIe (48.7%), aadA15 (38.6%), aph (3')-Ia (31.3%), aph (3')-II (14.4%), and aph (6) (2.6%). The obtained data demonstrated that the phenotypic and genotypic aminoglycoside resistance among GNB was quite high and it is possible that the resistance genes may frequently spread among clinical isolates of GNB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Azimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P. Box, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Armin
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P. Box, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Abdollahi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P. Box, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepide Hasanzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahram Shahraki Zahedani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P. Box, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P. Box, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran.
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Molecular Detection of Carbapenemases and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases-Encoding Genes in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.115977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a unique Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that is the leading cause of nosocomial infections. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of the main carbapenemase and extended-spectrum β-lactamases encoding genes in P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. Methods: In the present study, we collected 85 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates from different wards of three military hospitals in Tehran, Iran. We used disk diffusion and agar dilution methods to determine resistance to 12 different antibiotics in these isolates. Also, we assessed the blaIMP, blaVIM, blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX genes by polymerase chain reaction methods among all isolates. Results: Our results revealed that all isolates were resistant to two antibiotics, and 76 (89.4%) of isolates were multidrug-resistant. We observed maximum and minimum resistance rates against ticarcillin (n = 77; 90.5%) and colistin (n = 7; 8.2%), respectively. The blaVIM, blaIPM, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX genes were harbored by 44 (51.8%), 20 (23.5%), 41 (48.2%), 24 (28.2%), and 16 (18.8%) isolates, respectively. Conclusions: The resistance rate among P. aeruginosa strains is significantly increasing that causes nosocomial infections due to different mechanisms, including the high frequency of metallo-β-lactamases and extended-spectrum β-lactamases genes.
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Shirvani F, Behzad A, Abdollahi N, Mohkam M, Sharifian M, Esfandiar N, Fallah F. Frequency and co-colonization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci and Candida in ICU-hospitalized children. New Microbes New Infect 2021; 41:100881. [PMID: 34026230 PMCID: PMC8121691 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the time span between January 2018 and September 2020, 205 patients were enrolled in a prospective cohort study at Mofid Children's Hospital. Demographic information and clinical data on all the participating children were collected and rectal swabs were performed for the sampling method. All samples were analysed so as to identify the presence of Enterococcus and Candida colonization by the use of conventional biochemical tests. Resistance to vancomycin in Enterococcus isolates was phenotypically identified using an E-test kit and MIC value, interpreted according to the CLSI criteria. The presence of vanA and vanB genes, which encode the resistance to vancomycin, was screened by PCR assay. Candida species were detected in 21.5% of rectal swab samples. Candida glabrata (56.8%) and Candida albicans (43.2%) were the only Candida species detected. Enterococcus species were detected in 29.3% of rectal swab samples. Out of 60 Enterococcus isolates, 33 (55%) were resistant to vancomycin. Moreover, vanA was detected in 84.8% and vanB was detected in 3% of the 33 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates. Enterococcus and Candida species were frequently detected in the <1 year and 1–3 years age groups, respectively. Central venous access catheter and brain tumour were the main reasons for hospital admissions, 32.2% and 20.1% of total admissions, respectively. Furthermore, it must be noted that the most frequent underlying medical conditions in participating patients were esophageal atresia and hydrocephalus. The results of the present study demonstrated the necessity of determining the susceptibility of Enterococcus isolates to vancomycin before prescribing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Shirvani
- Paediatric Infections Research Centre, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Behzad
- Paediatric Intensive Care Department, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Abdollahi
- Paediatric Infections Research Centre, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Mohkam
- Paediatric Nephrology Research Centre, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Sharifian
- Paediatric Nephrology Research Centre, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Esfandiar
- Paediatric Nephrology Research Centre, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Fallah
- Paediatric Infections Research Centre, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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