1
|
Xu C, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Du H, Qi J, Tan F, Peng L, Gu X, Li N, Sun Q, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Qian X, Tong B, Sun J, Chai R, Shi Y. Pcolce2 overexpression promotes supporting cell reprogramming in the neonatal mouse cochlea. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13633. [PMID: 38528645 PMCID: PMC11294419 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hair cell (HC) damage is a leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss, and in mammals supporting cells (SCs) are unable to divide and regenerate HCs after birth spontaneously. Procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 2 (Pcolce2), which encodes a glycoprotein that acts as a functional procollagen C protease enhancer, was screened as a candidate regulator of SC plasticity in our previous study. In the current study, we used adeno-associated virus (AAV)-ie (a newly developed adeno-associated virus that targets SCs) to overexpress Pcolce2 in SCs. AAV-Pcolce2 facilitated SC re-entry into the cell cycle both in cultured cochlear organoids and in the postnatal cochlea. In the neomycin-damaged model, regenerated HCs were detected after overexpression of Pcolce2, and these were derived from SCs that had re-entered the cell cycle. These findings reveal that Pcolce2 may serve as a therapeutic target for the regeneration of HCs to treat hearing loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changling Xu
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026)Sichuan Academy of Medical SciencesChengduSichuanChina
| | - Liyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yinyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Haoliang Du
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline LaboratoryNanjingChina
| | - Jieyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina
- Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Fangzhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Li Peng
- Otovia Therapeutics IncSuzhouChina
| | - Xingliang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Nianci Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qiuhan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yicheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline LaboratoryNanjingChina
| | - Busheng Tong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina
- Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Southeast University Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - Yi Shi
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026)Sichuan Academy of Medical SciencesChengduSichuanChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Minařík M, Modrell MS, Gillis JA, Campbell AS, Fuller I, Lyne R, Micklem G, Gela D, Pšenička M, Baker CVH. Identification of multiple transcription factor genes potentially involved in the development of electrosensory versus mechanosensory lateral line organs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1327924. [PMID: 38562141 PMCID: PMC10982350 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1327924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In electroreceptive jawed vertebrates, embryonic lateral line placodes give rise to electrosensory ampullary organs as well as mechanosensory neuromasts. Previous reports of shared gene expression suggest that conserved mechanisms underlie electroreceptor and mechanosensory hair cell development and that electroreceptors evolved as a transcriptionally related "sister cell type" to hair cells. We previously identified only one transcription factor gene, Neurod4, as ampullary organ-restricted in the developing lateral line system of a chondrostean ray-finned fish, the Mississippi paddlefish (Polyodon spathula). The other 16 transcription factor genes we previously validated in paddlefish were expressed in both ampullary organs and neuromasts. Here, we used our published lateral line organ-enriched gene-set (arising from differential bulk RNA-seq in late-larval paddlefish), together with a candidate gene approach, to identify 25 transcription factor genes expressed in the developing lateral line system of a more experimentally tractable chondrostean, the sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus, a small sturgeon), and/or that of paddlefish. Thirteen are expressed in both ampullary organs and neuromasts, consistent with conservation of molecular mechanisms. Seven are electrosensory-restricted on the head (Irx5, Irx3, Insm1, Sp5, Satb2, Mafa and Rorc), and five are the first-reported mechanosensory-restricted transcription factor genes (Foxg1, Sox8, Isl1, Hmx2 and Rorb). However, as previously reported, Sox8 is expressed in ampullary organs as well as neuromasts in a catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula), suggesting the existence of lineage-specific differences between cartilaginous and ray-finned fishes. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that ampullary organs and neuromasts develop via largely conserved transcriptional mechanisms, and identify multiple transcription factors potentially involved in the formation of electrosensory versus mechanosensory lateral line organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Minařík
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Melinda S. Modrell
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J. Andrew Gillis
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Alexander S. Campbell
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Isobel Fuller
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Lyne
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gos Micklem
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Gela
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czechia
| | - Martin Pšenička
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czechia
| | - Clare V. H. Baker
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao J, Skidmore JM, Cimerman J, Ritter KE, Qiu J, Wilson LMQ, Raphael Y, Kwan KY, Martin DM. CHD7 and SOX2 act in a common gene regulatory network during mammalian semicircular canal and cochlear development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311720121. [PMID: 38408234 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311720121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inner ear morphogenesis requires tightly regulated epigenetic and transcriptional control of gene expression. CHD7, an ATP-dependent chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein, and SOX2, an SRY-related HMG box pioneer transcription factor, are known to contribute to vestibular and auditory system development, but their genetic interactions in the ear have not been explored. Here, we analyzed inner ear development and the transcriptional regulatory landscapes in mice with variable dosages of Chd7 and/or Sox2. We show that combined haploinsufficiency for Chd7 and Sox2 results in reduced otic cell proliferation, severe malformations of semicircular canals, and shortened cochleae with ectopic hair cells. Examination of mice with conditional, inducible Chd7 loss by Sox2CreER reveals a critical period (~E9.5) of susceptibility in the inner ear to combined Chd7 and Sox2 loss. Data from genome-wide RNA-sequencing and CUT&Tag studies in the otocyst show that CHD7 regulates Sox2 expression and acts early in a gene regulatory network to control expression of key otic patterning genes, including Pax2 and Otx2. CHD7 and SOX2 directly bind independently and cooperatively at transcription start sites and enhancers to regulate otic progenitor cell gene expression. Together, our findings reveal essential roles for Chd7 and Sox2 in early inner ear development and may be applicable for syndromic and other forms of hearing or balance disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxia Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Jelka Cimerman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - K Elaine Ritter
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jingyun Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Stem Cell Research Center, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Lindsey M Q Wilson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yehoash Raphael
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kelvin Y Kwan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Stem Cell Research Center, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Donna M Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
You D, Ni W, Huang Y, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Jiang T, Chen Y, Li W. The proper timing of Atoh1 expression is pivotal for hair cell subtype differentiation and the establishment of inner ear function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:349. [PMID: 37930405 PMCID: PMC10628023 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Atoh1 overexpression is essential for hair cell (HC) regeneration in the sensory epithelium of mammalian auditory and vestibular organs. However, Atoh1 overexpression alone cannot induce fully mature and functional HCs in the mammalian inner ear. In the current study, we investigated the effect of Atoh1 constitutive overexpression in native HCs by manipulating Atoh1 expression at different developmental stages. We demonstrated that constitutive overexpression of Atoh1 in native vestibular HCs did not affect cell survival but did impair vestibular function by interfering with the subtype differentiation of HCs and hair bundle development. In contrast, Atoh1 overexpression in cochlear HCs impeded their maturation, eventually leading to gradual HC loss in the cochlea and hearing dysfunction. Our study suggests that time-restricted Atoh1 expression is essential for the differentiation and survival of HCs in the inner ear, and this is pivotal for both hearing and vestibular function re-establishment through Atoh1 overexpression-induced HC regeneration strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan You
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Ni
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yikang Huang
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhou
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Veithen M, Huyghe A, Van Den Ackerveken P, Fukada SI, Kokubo H, Breuskin I, Nguyen L, Delacroix L, Malgrange B. Sox9 Inhibits Cochlear Hair Cell Fate by Upregulating Hey1 and HeyL Antagonists of Atoh1. Cells 2023; 12:2148. [PMID: 37681879 PMCID: PMC10486728 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that cell fate determination in the cochlea is tightly controlled by different transcription factors (TFs) that remain to be fully defined. Here, we show that Sox9, initially expressed in the entire sensory epithelium of the cochlea, progressively disappears from differentiating hair cells (HCs) and is finally restricted to supporting cells (SCs). By performing ex vivo electroporation of E13.5-E14.5 cochleae, we demonstrate that maintenance of Sox9 expression in the progenitors committed to HC fate blocks their differentiation, even if co-expressed with Atoh1, a transcription factor necessary and sufficient to form HC. Sox9 inhibits Atoh1 transcriptional activity by upregulating Hey1 and HeyL antagonists, and genetic ablation of these genes induces extra HCs along the cochlea. Although Sox9 suppression from sensory progenitors ex vivo leads to a modest increase in the number of HCs, it is not sufficient in vivo to induce supernumerary HC production in an inducible Sox9 knockout model. Taken together, these data show that Sox9 is downregulated from nascent HCs to allow the unfolding of their differentiation program. This may be critical for future strategies to promote fully mature HC formation in regeneration approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Veithen
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (M.V.); (A.H.); (P.V.D.A.); (I.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Aurélia Huyghe
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (M.V.); (A.H.); (P.V.D.A.); (I.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Priscilla Van Den Ackerveken
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (M.V.); (A.H.); (P.V.D.A.); (I.B.); (L.D.)
| | - So-ichiro Fukada
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regeneration and Adaptation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Hiroki Kokubo
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan;
| | - Ingrid Breuskin
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (M.V.); (A.H.); (P.V.D.A.); (I.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Neurogenesis, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Laurence Delacroix
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (M.V.); (A.H.); (P.V.D.A.); (I.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Brigitte Malgrange
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (M.V.); (A.H.); (P.V.D.A.); (I.B.); (L.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Origin of Neuroblasts in the Avian Otic Placode and Their Distributions in the Acoustic and Vestibular Ganglia. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030453. [PMID: 36979145 PMCID: PMC10045822 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The inner ear is a complex three-dimensional sensorial structure with auditory and vestibular functions. This intricate sensory organ originates from the otic placode, which generates the sensory elements of the membranous labyrinth, as well as all the ganglionic neuronal precursors. How auditory and vestibular neurons establish their fate identities remains to be determined. Their topological origin in the incipient otic placode could provide positional information before they migrate, to later segregate in specific portions of the acoustic and vestibular ganglia. To address this question, transplants of small portions of the avian otic placode were performed according to our previous fate map study, using the quail/chick chimeric graft model. All grafts taking small areas of the neurogenic placodal domain contributed neuroblasts to both acoustic and vestibular ganglia. A differential distribution of otic neurons in the anterior and posterior lobes of the vestibular ganglion, as well as in the proximal, intermediate, and distal portions of the acoustic ganglion, was found. Our results clearly show that, in birds, there does not seem to be a strict segregation of acoustic and vestibular neurons in the incipient otic placode.
Collapse
|
7
|
Barnes CC, Yee KT, Vetter DE. Conditional Ablation of Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptors from Cochlear Supporting Cells Reveals Their Differential Roles for Hearing Sensitivity and Dynamics of Recovery from Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3320. [PMID: 36834731 PMCID: PMC9961551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous glucocorticoids (GC) are known to modulate basic elements of cochlear physiology. These include both noise-induced injury and circadian rhythms. While GC signaling in the cochlea can directly influence auditory transduction via actions on hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons, evidence also indicates that GC signaling exerts effects via tissue homeostatic processes that can include effects on cochlear immunomodulation. GCs act at both the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Most cell types in the cochlea express both receptors sensitive to GCs. The GR is associated with acquired sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) through its effects on both gene expression and immunomodulatory programs. The MR has been associated with age-related hearing loss through dysfunction of ionic homeostatic balance. Cochlear supporting cells maintain local homeostatic requirements, are sensitive to perturbation, and participate in inflammatory signaling. Here, we have used conditional gene manipulation techniques to target Nr3c1 (GR) or Nr3c2 (MR) for tamoxifen-induced gene ablation in Sox9-expressing cochlear supporting cells of adult mice to investigate whether either of the receptors sensitive to GCs plays a role in protecting against (or exacerbating) noise-induced cochlear damage. We have selected mild intensity noise exposure to examine the role of these receptors related to more commonly experienced noise levels. Our results reveal distinct roles of these GC receptors for both basal auditory thresholds prior to noise exposure and during recovery from mild noise exposure. Prior to noise exposure, auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were measured in mice carrying the floxed allele of interest and the Cre recombinase transgene, but not receiving tamoxifen injections (defined as control (no tamoxifen treatment), versus conditional knockout (cKO) mice, defined as mice having received tamoxifen injections. Results revealed hypersensitive thresholds to mid- to low-frequencies after tamoxifen-induced GR ablation from Sox9-expressing cochlear supporting cells compared to control (no tamoxifen) mice. GR ablation from Sox9-expressing cochlear supporting cells resulted in a permanent threshold shift in mid-basal cochlear frequency regions after mild noise exposure that produced only a temporary threshold shift in both control (no tamoxifen) f/fGR:Sox9iCre+ and heterozygous f/+GR:Sox9iCre+ tamoxifen-treated mice. A similar comparison of basal ABRs measured in control (no tamoxifen) and tamoxifen-treated, floxed MR mice prior to noise exposure indicated no difference in baseline thresholds. After mild noise exposure, MR ablation was initially associated with a complete threshold recovery at 22.6 kHz by 3 days post-noise. Threshold continued to shift to higher sensitivity over time such that by 30 days post-noise exposure the 22.6 kHz ABR threshold was 10 dB more sensitive than baseline. Further, MR ablation produced a temporary reduction in peak 1 neural amplitude one day post-noise. While supporting cell GR ablation trended towards reducing numbers of ribbon synapses, MR ablation reduced ribbon synapse counts but did not exacerbate noise-induced damage including synapse loss at the experimental endpoint. GR ablation from the targeted supporting cells increased the basal resting number of Iba1-positive (innate) immune cells (no noise exposure) and decreased the number of Iba1-positive cells seven days following noise exposure. MR ablation did not alter innate immune cell numbers at seven days post-noise exposure. Taken together, these findings support differential roles of cochlear supporting cell MR and GR expression at basal, resting conditions and especially during recovery from noise exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles C. Barnes
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Kathleen T. Yee
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Douglas E. Vetter
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Szeto IYY, Chu DKH, Chen P, Chu KC, Au TYK, Leung KKH, Huang YH, Wynn SL, Mak ACY, Chan YS, Chan WY, Jauch R, Fritzsch B, Sham MH, Lovell-Badge R, Cheah KSE. SOX9 and SOX10 control fluid homeostasis in the inner ear for hearing through independent and cooperative mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122121119. [PMID: 36343245 PMCID: PMC9674217 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122121119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vivo mechanisms underlying dominant syndromes caused by mutations in SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9 (SOX9) and SOX10 (SOXE) transcription factors, when they either are expressed alone or are coexpressed, are ill-defined. We created a mouse model for the campomelic dysplasia SOX9Y440X mutation, which truncates the transactivation domain but leaves DNA binding and dimerization intact. Here, we find that SOX9Y440X causes deafness via distinct mechanisms in the endolymphatic sac (ES)/duct and cochlea. By contrast, conditional heterozygous Sox9-null mice are normal. During the ES development of Sox9Y440X/+ heterozygotes, Sox10 and genes important for ionic homeostasis are down-regulated, and there is developmental persistence of progenitors, resulting in fewer mature cells. Sox10 heterozygous null mutants also display persistence of ES/duct progenitors. By contrast, SOX10 retains its expression in the early Sox9Y440X/+ mutant cochlea. Later, in the postnatal stria vascularis, dominant interference by SOX9Y440X is implicated in impairing the normal cooperation of SOX9 and SOX10 in repressing the expression of the water channel Aquaporin 3, thereby contributing to endolymphatic hydrops. Our study shows that for a functioning endolymphatic system in the inner ear, SOX9 regulates Sox10, and depending on the cell type and target gene, it works either independently of or cooperatively with SOX10. SOX9Y440X can interfere with the activity of both SOXE factors, exerting effects that can be classified as haploinsufficient/hypomorphic or dominant negative depending on the cell/gene context. This model of disruption of transcription factor partnerships may be applicable to congenital deafness, which affects ∼0.3% of newborns, and other syndromic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Y. Y. Szeto
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel K. H. Chu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peikai Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Chi Chu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiffany Y. K. Au
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keith K. H. Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong-Heng Huang
- Genome Regulation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Sarah L. Wynn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Angel C. Y. Mak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wood Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ralf Jauch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
- Genome Regulation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Mai Har Sham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kathryn S. E. Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
You D, Guo J, Zhang Y, Guo L, Lu X, Huang X, Sun S, Li H. The heterogeneity of mammalian utricular cells over the course of development. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1052. [PMID: 36178017 PMCID: PMC9523683 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inner ear organ is a delicate tissue consisting of hair cells (HCs) and supporting cells (SCs).The mammalian inner ear HCs are terminally differentiated cells that cannot spontaneously regenerate in adults. Epithelial non-hair cells (ENHCs) in the utricle include HC progenitors and SCs, and the progenitors share similar characteristics with SCs in the neonatal inner ear. METHODS We applied single-cell sequencing to whole mouse utricles from the neonatal period to adulthood, including samples from postnatal day (P)2, P7 and P30 mice. Furthermore, using transgenic mice and immunostaining, we traced the source of new HC generation. RESULTS We identified several sensory epithelial cell clusters and further found that new HCs arose mainly through differentiation from Sox9+ progenitor cells and that only a few cells were produced by mitotic proliferation in both neonatal and adult mouse utricles. In addition, we identified the proliferative cells using the marker UbcH10 and demonstrated that in adulthood the mitotically generated HCs were primarily found in the extrastriola. Moreover, we observed that not only Type II, but also Type I HCs could be regenerated by either mitotic cell proliferation or progenitor cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings expand our understanding of ENHC cell fate and the characteristics of the vestibular organs in mammals over the course of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan You
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jin Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yunzhong Zhang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Luo Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinsheng Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shan Sun
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina,The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Riley BB. Comparative assessment of Fgf's diverse roles in inner ear development: A zebrafish perspective. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1524-1551. [PMID: 33830554 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in understanding mechanisms of inner ear development has been remarkably rapid in recent years. The research community has benefited from the availability of several diverse model organisms, including zebrafish, chick, and mouse. The complexity of the inner ear has proven to be a challenge, and the complexity of the mammalian cochlea in particular has been the subject of intense scrutiny. Zebrafish lack a cochlea and exhibit a number of other differences from amniote species, hence they are sometimes seen as less relevant for inner ear studies. However, accumulating evidence shows that underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are often highly conserved. As a case in point, consideration of the diverse functions of Fgf and its downstream effectors reveals many similarities between vertebrate species, allowing meaningful comparisons the can benefit the entire research community. In this review, I will discuss mechanisms by which Fgf controls key events in early otic development in zebrafish and provide direct comparisons with chick and mouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce B Riley
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jan TA, Eltawil Y, Ling AH, Chen L, Ellwanger DC, Heller S, Cheng AG. Spatiotemporal dynamics of inner ear sensory and non-sensory cells revealed by single-cell transcriptomics. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109358. [PMID: 34260939 PMCID: PMC8378666 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The utricle is a vestibular sensory organ that requires mechanosensitive hair cells to detect linear acceleration. In neonatal mice, new hair cells are derived from non-sensory supporting cells, yet cell type diversity and mechanisms of cell addition remain poorly characterized. Here, we perform computational analyses on single-cell transcriptomes to categorize cell types and resolve 14 individual sensory and non-sensory subtypes. Along the periphery of the sensory epithelium, we uncover distinct groups of transitional epithelial cells, marked by Islr, Cnmd, and Enpep expression. By reconstructing de novo trajectories and gene dynamics, we show that as the utricle expands, Islr+ transitional epithelial cells exhibit a dynamic and proliferative phase to generate new supporting cells, followed by coordinated differentiation into hair cells. Taken together, our study reveals a sequential and coordinated process by which non-sensory epithelial cells contribute to growth of the postnatal mouse sensory epithelium. The postnatal mouse utricle expands by more than 35% and doubles its number of hair cells during the first 8 days. Using single-cell transcriptomics, Jan et al. show that the surrounding transitional epithelial cells proliferate and contribute to the expansion of the sensory epithelium through a stepwise differentiation mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taha A Jan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Yasmin Eltawil
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angela H Ling
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Leon Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel C Ellwanger
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Durán Alonso MB, Vendrell V, López-Hernández I, Alonso MT, Martin DM, Giráldez F, Carramolino L, Giovinazzo G, Vázquez E, Torres M, Schimmang T. Meis2 Is Required for Inner Ear Formation and Proper Morphogenesis of the Cochlea. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:679325. [PMID: 34124068 PMCID: PMC8194062 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.679325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Meis genes have been shown to control essential processes during development of the central and peripheral nervous system. Here we have explored the roles of the Meis2 gene during vertebrate inner ear induction and the formation of the cochlea. Meis2 is expressed in several tissues required for inner ear induction and in non-sensory tissue of the cochlear duct. Global inactivation of Meis2 in the mouse leads to a severely reduced size of the otic vesicle. Tissue-specific knock outs of Meis2 reveal that its expression in the hindbrain is essential for otic vesicle formation. Inactivation of Meis2 in the inner ear itself leads to an aberrant coiling of the cochlear duct. By analyzing transcriptomes obtained from Meis2 mutants and ChIPseq analysis of an otic cell line, we define candidate target genes for Meis2 which may be directly or indirectly involved in cochlear morphogenesis. Taken together, these data show that Meis2 is essential for inner ear formation and provide an entry point to unveil the network underlying proper coiling of the cochlear duct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Beatriz Durán Alonso
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Victor Vendrell
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Iris López-Hernández
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Alonso
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Donna M Martin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Fernando Giráldez
- CEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomédica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Carramolino
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanna Giovinazzo
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Vázquez
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Torres
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Schimmang
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Y, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Dong Y, Ma X, Qiang R, Chen Y, Gao X, Zhao C, Chen F, He S, Chai R. Knockdown of Foxg1 in Sox9+ supporting cells increases the trans-differentiation of supporting cells into hair cells in the neonatal mouse utricle. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19834-19851. [PMID: 33099273 PMCID: PMC7655167 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Foxg1 plays important roles in regeneration of hair cell (HC) in the cochlea of neonatal mouse. Here, we used Sox9-CreER to knock down Foxg1 in supporting cells (SCs) in the utricle in order to investigate the role of Foxg1 in HC regeneration in the utricle. We found Sox9 an ideal marker of utricle SCs and bred Sox9CreER/+Foxg1loxp/loxp mice to conditionally knock down Foxg1 in utricular SCs. Conditional knockdown (cKD) of Foxg1 in SCs at postnatal day one (P01) led to increased number of HCs at P08. These regenerated HCs had normal characteristics, and could survive to at least P30. Lineage tracing showed that a significant portion of newly regenerated HCs originated from SCs in Foxg1 cKD mice compared to the mice subjected to the same treatment, which suggested SCs trans-differentiate into HCs in the Foxg1 cKD mouse utricle. After neomycin treatment in vitro, more HCs were observed in Foxg1 cKD mice utricle compared to the control group. Together, these results suggest that Foxg1 cKD in utricular SCs may promote HC regeneration by inducing trans-differentiation of SCs. This research therefore provides theoretical basis for the effects of Foxg1 in trans-differentiation of SCs and regeneration of HCs in the mouse utricle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonghong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiying Qiang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuangba He
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kempfle JS, Luu NNC, Petrillo M, Al-Asad R, Zhang A, Edge ASB. Lin28 reprograms inner ear glia to a neuronal fate. Stem Cells 2020; 38:890-903. [PMID: 32246510 PMCID: PMC10908373 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is irreversible and can be caused by loss of auditory neurons. Regeneration of neural cells from endogenous cells may offer a future tool to restore the auditory circuit and to enhance the performance of implantable hearing devices. Neurons and glial cells in the peripheral nervous system are closely related and originate from a common progenitor. Prior work in our lab indicated that in the early postnatal mouse inner ear, proteolipid protein 1 (Plp1) expressing glial cells could act as progenitor cells for neurons in vitro. Here, we used a transgenic mouse model to transiently overexpress Lin28, a neural stem cell regulator, in Plp1-positive glial cells. Lin28 promoted proliferation and conversion of auditory glial cells into neurons in vitro. To study the effects of Lin28 on endogenous glial cells after loss of auditory neurons in vivo, we produced a model of auditory neuropathy by selectively damaging auditory neurons with ouabain. After neural damage was confirmed by the auditory brainstem response, we briefly upregulated the Lin28 in Plp1-expressing inner ear glial cells. One month later, we analyzed the cochlea for neural marker expression by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. We found that transient Lin28 overexpression in Plp1-expressing glial cells induced expression of neural stem cell markers and subsequent conversion into neurons. This suggests the potential for inner ear glia to be converted into neurons as a regeneration therapy for neural replacement in auditory neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith S. Kempfle
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
- University Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ngoc-Nhi C. Luu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
- University Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Petrillo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reef Al-Asad
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albert S. B. Edge
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The cochlea, a coiled structure located in the ventral region of the inner ear, acts as the primary structure for the perception of sound. Along the length of the cochlear spiral is the organ of Corti, a highly derived and rigorously patterned sensory epithelium that acts to convert auditory stimuli into neural impulses. The development of the organ of Corti requires a series of inductive events that specify unique cellular characteristics and axial identities along its three major axes. Here, we review recent studies of the cellular and molecular processes regulating several aspects of cochlear development, such as axial patterning, cochlear outgrowth and cellular differentiation. We highlight how the precise coordination of multiple signaling pathways is required for the successful formation of a complete organ of Corti.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Carroll Driver
- Laboratory of Cochlear Development, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew W Kelley
- Laboratory of Cochlear Development, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hosoya M, Fujioka M, Murayama AY, Okano H, Ogawa K. The common marmoset as suitable nonhuman alternative for the analysis of primate cochlear development. FEBS J 2020; 288:325-353. [PMID: 32323465 PMCID: PMC7818239 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cochlear development is a complex process with precise spatiotemporal patterns. A detailed understanding of this process is important for studies of congenital hearing loss and regenerative medicine. However, much of our understanding of cochlear development is based on rodent models. Animal models that bridge the gap between humans and rodents are needed. In this study, we investigated the development of hearing organs in a small New World monkey species, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). We describe the general stages of cochlear development in comparison with those of humans and mice. Moreover, we examined more than 25 proteins involved in cochlear development and found that expression patterns were generally conserved between rodents and primates. However, several proteins involved in supporting cell processes and neuronal development exhibited interspecific expression differences. Human fetal samples for studies of primate‐specific cochlear development are extremely rare, especially for late developmental stages. Our results support the use of the common marmoset as an effective alternative for analyses of primate cochlear development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hosoya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Fujioka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Y Murayama
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang S, Zhang Y, Dong Y, Guo L, Zhang Z, Shao B, Qi J, Zhou H, Zhu W, Yan X, Hong G, Zhang L, Zhang X, Tang M, Zhao C, Gao X, Chai R. Knockdown of Foxg1 in supporting cells increases the trans-differentiation of supporting cells into hair cells in the neonatal mouse cochlea. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1401-1419. [PMID: 31485717 PMCID: PMC7113235 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Foxg1 is one of the forkhead box genes that are involved in morphogenesis, cell fate determination, and proliferation, and Foxg1 was previously reported to be required for morphogenesis of the mammalian inner ear. However, Foxg1 knock-out mice die at birth, and thus the role of Foxg1 in regulating hair cell (HC) regeneration after birth remains unclear. Here we used Sox2CreER/+ Foxg1loxp/loxp mice and Lgr5-EGFPCreER/+ Foxg1loxp/loxp mice to conditionally knock down Foxg1 specifically in Sox2+ SCs and Lgr5+ progenitors, respectively, in neonatal mice. We found that Foxg1 conditional knockdown (cKD) in Sox2+ SCs and Lgr5+ progenitors at postnatal day (P)1 both led to large numbers of extra HCs, especially extra inner HCs (IHCs) at P7, and these extra IHCs with normal hair bundles and synapses could survive at least to P30. The EdU assay failed to detect any EdU+ SCs, while the SC number was significantly decreased in Foxg1 cKD mice, and lineage tracing data showed that much more tdTomato+ HCs originated from Sox2+ SCs in Foxg1 cKD mice compared to the control mice. Moreover, the sphere-forming assay showed that Foxg1 cKD in Lgr5+ progenitors did not significantly change their sphere-forming ability. All these results suggest that Foxg1 cKD promotes HC regeneration and leads to large numbers of extra HCs probably by inducing direct trans-differentiation of SCs and progenitors to HCs. Real-time qPCR showed that cell cycle and Notch signaling pathways were significantly down-regulated in Foxg1 cKD mice cochlear SCs. Together, this study provides new evidence for the role of Foxg1 in regulating HC regeneration from SCs and progenitors in the neonatal mouse cochlea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Lingna Guo
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Buwei Shao
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jieyu Qi
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Weijie Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yan
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Guodong Hong
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
- Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dvorakova M, Macova I, Bohuslavova R, Anderova M, Fritzsch B, Pavlinkova G. Early ear neuronal development, but not olfactory or lens development, can proceed without SOX2. Dev Biol 2020; 457:43-56. [PMID: 31526806 PMCID: PMC6938654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SOX2 is essential for maintaining neurosensory stem cell properties, although its involvement in the early neurosensory development of cranial placodes remains unclear. To address this, we used Foxg1-Cre to conditionally delete Sox2 during eye, ear, and olfactory placode development. Foxg1-Cre mediated early deletion of Sox2 eradicates all olfactory placode development, and disrupts retinal development and invagination of the lens placode. In contrast to the lens and olfactory placodes, the ear placode invaginates and delaminates NEUROD1 positive neurons. Furthermore, we show that SOX2 is not necessary for early ear neurogenesis, since the early inner ear ganglion is formed with near normal central projections to the hindbrain and peripheral projections to the undifferentiated sensory epithelia of E11.5-12.5 ears. However, later stages of ear neurosensory development, in particular, the late forming auditory system, critically depend on the presence of SOX2. Our data establish distinct differences for SOX2 requirements among placodal sensory organs with similarities between olfactory and lens but not ear placode development, consistent with the unique neurosensory development and molecular properties of the ear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iva Macova
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, Vestec, Czechia
| | | | | | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Johnson Chacko L, Sergi C, Eberharter T, Dudas J, Rask-Andersen H, Hoermann R, Fritsch H, Fischer N, Glueckert R, Schrott-Fischer A. Early appearance of key transcription factors influence the spatiotemporal development of the human inner ear. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:459-471. [PMID: 31788757 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Expression patterns of transcription factors leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1), SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2), and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) in the developing human fetal inner ear were studied between the gestation weeks 9 and 12. Further development of cochlear apex between gestational weeks 11 and 16 (GW11 and GW16) was examined using transmission electron microscopy. LGR5 was evident in the apical poles of the sensory epithelium of the cochlear duct and the vestibular end organs at GW11. Immunostaining was limited to hair cells of the organ of Corti by GW12. TAK1 was immune positive in inner hair cells of the organ of Corti by GW12 and colocalized with p75 neurotrophic receptor expression. Expression for SOX2 was confined primarily to the supporting cells of utricle at the earliest stage examined at GW9. Intense expression for GATA3 was presented in the cochlear sensory epithelium and spiral ganglia at GW9. Expression of GATA3 was present along the midline of both the utricle and saccule in the zone corresponding to the striolar reversal zone where the hair cell phenotype switches from type I to type II. The spatiotemporal gradient of the development of the organ of Corti was also evident with the apex of the cochlea forming by GW16. It seems that highly specific staining patterns of several transcriptions factors are critical in guiding the genesis of the inner ear over development. Our findings suggest that the spatiotemporal gradient in cochlear development extends at least until gestational week 16.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lejo Johnson Chacko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 8440 112 St, NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Theresa Eberharter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jozsef Dudas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helge Rask-Andersen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Romed Hoermann
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Division of Clinical & Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Muellerstrasse 59, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helga Fritsch
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Division of Clinical & Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Muellerstrasse 59, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natalie Fischer
- University Clinics Innsbruck, Tirol Kliniken, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Glueckert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- University Clinics Innsbruck, Tirol Kliniken, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anneliese Schrott-Fischer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lu J, Hu L, Ye B, Hu H, Tao Y, Shu Y, Hao Chiang, Borse V, Xiang M, Wu H, Edge ASB, Shi F. Increased Type I and Decreased Type II Hair Cells after Deletion of Sox2 in the Developing Mouse Utricle. Neuroscience 2019; 422:146-160. [PMID: 31678344 PMCID: PMC10858341 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vestibular system of the inner ear contains Type I and Type II hair cells (HCs) generated from sensory progenitor cells; however, little is known about how the HC subtypes are formed. Sox2 (encoding SRY-box 2) is expressed in Type II, but not in Type I, HCs. The present study aimed to investigate the role of SOX2 in cell fate determination in Type I vs. Type II HCs. First, we confirmed that Type I HCs developed from Sox2-expressing cells through lineage tracing of Sox2-positive cells using a CAG-tdTomato reporter mouse crossed with a Sox2-CreER mouse. Then, Sox2 loss of function was induced in HCs, using Sox2flox transgenic mice crossed with a Gfi1-Cre driver mouse. Knockout of Sox2 in HCs increased the number of Type I HCs and decreased the number of Type II HCs, while the total number of HCs and Sox2-positive supporting cells did not change. In addition, the effect of Sox2-knockout persisted into adulthood, resulting in an increased number of Type I HCs. These results demonstrate that SOX2 plays a critical role in the determination of Type II vs. Type I HC fate. The results suggested that Sox2 is a potential target for generating Type I HCs, which may be important for regenerative strategies for balance disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China
| | - Lingxiang Hu
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital/Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China
| | - Haixia Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital/Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yilai Shu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vikrant Borse
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mingliang Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital/Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Albert S B Edge
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Fuxin Shi
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Decibel Therapeutics, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xia M, Ma J, Sun S, Li W, Li H. The biological strategies for hearing re-establishment based on the stem/progenitor cells. Neurosci Lett 2019; 711:134406. [PMID: 31377244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The cochlea is the essential organ for hearing and includes both auditory sensory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. The discovery of inner ear stem cell brings hope to the regeneration of hair cell and spiral ganglion neuron as well as the followed hearing re-establishment. Thus the investigation on characteristics of inner ear stem/progenitor cells and related regulating clue is important to make such regeneration a reality. In addition, attempts have also been made to transplant exogenous stem cells into the inner ear to restore hearing function. In this review, we describe recent advances in the characterization of mammalian inner ear progenitor/stem cells and the mechanisms of regulating their proliferation and differentiation, and summarize studies that have used exogenous stem cells to repair damaged hair cells and neurons in the inner ear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Xia
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaoyao Ma
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shan Sun
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, Shanghai, 200031, China; The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang LM, Cheah KSE, Huh SH, Ornitz DM. Sox2 and FGF20 interact to regulate organ of Corti hair cell and supporting cell development in a spatially-graded manner. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008254. [PMID: 31276493 PMCID: PMC6636783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouse organ of Corti, housed inside the cochlea, contains hair cells and supporting cells that transduce sound into electrical signals. These cells develop in two main steps: progenitor specification followed by differentiation. Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling is important in this developmental pathway, as deletion of FGF receptor 1 (Fgfr1) or its ligand, Fgf20, leads to the loss of hair cells and supporting cells from the organ of Corti. However, whether FGF20-FGFR1 signaling is required during specification or differentiation, and how it interacts with the transcription factor Sox2, also important for hair cell and supporting cell development, has been a topic of debate. Here, we show that while FGF20-FGFR1 signaling functions during progenitor differentiation, FGFR1 has an FGF20-independent, Sox2-dependent role in specification. We also show that a combination of reduction in Sox2 expression and Fgf20 deletion recapitulates the Fgfr1-deletion phenotype. Furthermore, we uncovered a strong genetic interaction between Sox2 and Fgf20, especially in regulating the development of hair cells and supporting cells towards the basal end and the outer compartment of the cochlea. To explain this genetic interaction and its effects on the basal end of the cochlea, we provide evidence that decreased Sox2 expression delays specification, which begins at the apex of the cochlea and progresses towards the base, while Fgf20-deletion results in premature onset of differentiation, which begins near the base of the cochlea and progresses towards the apex. Thereby, Sox2 and Fgf20 interact to ensure that specification occurs before differentiation towards the cochlear base. These findings reveal an intricate developmental program regulating organ of Corti development along the basal-apical axis of the cochlea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu M. Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kathryn S. E. Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sung-Ho Huh
- Department of Developmental Biology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, and the Department of Neurological Sciences; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DMO); (SH)
| | - David M. Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DMO); (SH)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tang PC, Alex AL, Nie J, Lee J, Roth AA, Booth KT, Koehler KR, Hashino E, Nelson RF. Defective Tmprss3-Associated Hair Cell Degeneration in Inner Ear Organoids. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:147-162. [PMID: 31204303 PMCID: PMC6626982 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the type II transmembrane protease 3 (TMPRSS3) cause human hearing loss, although the underlying mechanisms that result in TMPRSS3-related hearing loss are still unclear. We combined the use of stem cell-derived inner ear organoids with single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the role of TMPRSS3. Defective Tmprss3 leads to hair cell apoptosis without altering the development of hair cells and the formation of the mechanotransduction apparatus. Prior to degeneration, Tmprss3-KO hair cells demonstrate reduced numbers of BK channels and lower expressions of genes encoding calcium ion-binding proteins, suggesting a disruption in intracellular homeostasis. A proteolytically active TMPRSS3 was detected on cell membranes in addition to ER of cells in inner ear organoids. Our in vitro model recapitulated salient features of genetically associated inner ear abnormalities and will serve as a powerful tool for studying inner ear disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ciao Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alpha L Alex
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jiyoon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Adam A Roth
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin T Booth
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Karl R Koehler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eri Hashino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rick F Nelson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
McGovern MM, Randle MR, Cuppini CL, Graves KA, Cox BC. Multiple supporting cell subtypes are capable of spontaneous hair cell regeneration in the neonatal mouse cochlea. Development 2019; 146:146/4/dev171009. [PMID: 30770379 DOI: 10.1242/dev.171009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supporting cells (SCs) are known to spontaneously regenerate hair cells (HCs) in the neonatal mouse cochlea, yet little is known about the relative contribution of distinct SC subtypes which differ in morphology and function. We have previously shown that HC regeneration is linked to Notch signaling, and some SC subtypes, but not others, lose expression of the Notch effector Hes5 Other work has demonstrated that Lgr5-positive SCs have an increased capacity to regenerate HCs; however, several SC subtypes express Lgr5. To further investigate the source for spontaneous HC regeneration, we used three CreER lines to fate-map distinct groups of SCs during regeneration. Fate-mapping either alone or combined with a mitotic tracer showed that pillar and Deiters' cells contributed more regenerated HCs overall. However, when normalized to the total fate-mapped population, pillar, Deiters', inner phalangeal and border cells had equal capacity to regenerate HCs, and all SC subtypes could divide after HC damage. Investigating the mechanisms that allow individual SC subtypes to regenerate HCs and the postnatal changes that occur in each group during maturation could lead to therapies for hearing loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M McGovern
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62711, USA
| | - Michelle R Randle
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62711, USA
| | - Candice L Cuppini
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62711, USA
| | - Kaley A Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62711, USA
| | - Brandon C Cox
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62711, USA .,Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62711, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Molecular characterization and prospective isolation of human fetal cochlear hair cell progenitors. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4027. [PMID: 30279445 PMCID: PMC6168603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory hair cells located in the organ of Corti are essential for cochlear mechanosensation. Their loss is irreversible in humans resulting in permanent hearing loss. The development of therapeutic interventions for hearing loss requires fundamental knowledge about similarities and potential differences between animal models and human development as well as the establishment of human cell based-assays. Here we analyze gene and protein expression of the developing human inner ear in a temporal window spanning from week 8 to 12 post conception, when cochlear hair cells become specified. Utilizing surface markers for the cochlear prosensory domain, namely EPCAM and CD271, we purify postmitotic hair cell progenitors that, when placed in culture in three-dimensional organoids, regain proliferative potential and eventually differentiate to hair cell-like cells in vitro. These results provide a foundation for comparative studies with otic cells generated from human pluripotent stem cells and for establishing novel platforms for drug validation. Hearing requires mechanosensitive hair cells in the organ of Corti, which derive from progenitors of the cochlear duct. Here the authors examine human inner ear development by studying key developmental markers and describe organoid cultures from human cochlear duct progenitors for in vitro hair cell differentiation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Nasal and otic placode specific regulation of Sox2 involves both activation by Sox-Sall4 synergism and multiple repression mechanisms. Dev Biol 2018; 433:61-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
27
|
Gálvez H, Abelló G, Giraldez F. Signaling and Transcription Factors during Inner Ear Development: The Generation of Hair Cells and Otic Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:21. [PMID: 28393066 PMCID: PMC5364141 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration between cell signals and bHLH transcription factors plays a prominent role during the development of hair cells of the inner ear. Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the inner ear, responsible for the mechano-transduction of sound waves into electrical signals. They derive from multipotent progenitors that reside in the otic placode. Progenitor commitment is the result of cell signaling from the surrounding tissues that result in the restricted expression of SoxB1 transcription factors, Sox2 and Sox3. In turn, they induce the expression of Neurog1 and Atoh1, two bHLH factors that specify neuronal and hair cell fates, respectively. Neuronal and hair cell development, however, do not occur simultaneously. Hair cell development is prevented during neurogenesis and prosensory stages, resulting in the delay of hair cell development with respect to neuron production. Negative interactions between Neurog1 and Atoh1, and of Atoh1 with other bHLH factors driven by Notch signaling, like Hey1 and Hes5, account for this delay. In summary, the regulation of Atoh1 and hair cell development relies on interactions between cell signaling and bHLH transcription factors that dictate cell fate and timing decisions during development. Interestingly, these mechanisms operate as well during hair cell regeneration after damage and during stem cell directed differentiation, making developmental studies instrumental for improving therapies for hearing impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Gálvez
- Developmental Biology, CEXS, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gina Abelló
- Developmental Biology, CEXS, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Giraldez
- Developmental Biology, CEXS, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dvorakova M, Jahan I, Macova I, Chumak T, Bohuslavova R, Syka J, Fritzsch B, Pavlinkova G. Incomplete and delayed Sox2 deletion defines residual ear neurosensory development and maintenance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38253. [PMID: 27917898 PMCID: PMC5137136 DOI: 10.1038/srep38253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Sox2 in neurosensory development is not yet fully understood. Using mice with conditional Islet1-cre mediated deletion of Sox2, we explored the function of Sox2 in neurosensory development in a model with limited cell type diversification, the inner ear. In Sox2 conditional mutants, neurons initially appear to form normally, whereas late- differentiating neurons of the cochlear apex never form. Variable numbers of hair cells differentiate in the utricle, saccule, and cochlear base but sensory epithelium formation is completely absent in the apex and all three cristae of the semicircular canal ampullae. Hair cells differentiate only in sensory epithelia known or proposed to have a lineage relationship of neurons and hair cells. All initially formed neurons lacking hair cell targets die by apoptosis days after they project toward non-existing epithelia. Therefore, late neuronal development depends directly on Sox2 for differentiation and on the survival of hair cells, possibly derived from common neurosensory precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Dvorakova
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Israt Jahan
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Iva Macova
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | - Josef Syka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Prague, Czechia
| | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fukunaga I, Fujimoto A, Hatakeyama K, Aoki T, Nishikawa A, Noda T, Minowa O, Kurebayashi N, Ikeda K, Kamiya K. In Vitro Models of GJB2-Related Hearing Loss Recapitulate Ca 2+ Transients via a Gap Junction Characteristic of Developing Cochlea. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:1023-1036. [PMID: 27840044 PMCID: PMC5161531 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the Gap Junction Beta 2 gene (GJB2) encoding connexin 26 (CX26) is the most frequent cause of hereditary deafness worldwide and accounts for up to 50% of non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss cases in some populations. Therefore, cochlear CX26-gap junction plaque (GJP)-forming cells such as cochlear supporting cells are thought to be the most important therapeutic target for the treatment of hereditary deafness. The differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into cochlear CX26-GJP-forming cells has not been reported. Here, we detail the development of a novel strategy to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells into functional CX26-GJP-forming cells that exhibit spontaneous ATP- and hemichannel-mediated Ca2+ transients typical of the developing cochlea. Furthermore, these cells from CX26-deficient mice recapitulated the drastic disruption of GJPs, the primary pathology of GJB2-related hearing loss. These in vitro models should be useful for establishing inner-ear cell therapies and drug screening that target GJB2-related hearing loss. Mutation in GJB2 (CX26) is the most frequent cause of hereditary deafness worldwide Functional CX26-gap junction plaque (GJP)-forming cells were generated from iPSCs These cells exhibited spontaneous Ca2+ transients typical of the developing cochlea The drastic disruption of GJP was observed in in vitro disease model of GJB2 mutation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Fukunaga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ayumi Fujimoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kaori Hatakeyama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Toru Aoki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Atena Nishikawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Noda
- Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan; Team for Advanced Development and Evaluation of Human Disease Models, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Osamu Minowa
- Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan; Team for Advanced Development and Evaluation of Human Disease Models, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Nagomi Kurebayashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Ikeda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazusaku Kamiya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Schäck L, Budde S, Lenarz T, Krettek C, Gross G, Windhagen H, Hoffmann A, Warnecke A. Induction of neuronal-like phenotype in human mesenchymal stem cells by overexpression of Neurogenin1 and treatment with neurotrophins. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:524-32. [PMID: 27423984 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The induced expression of the transcription factors neurogenin1 (Neurog1) or neuronal differentiation 1 (NeuroD1) has previously been shown to initiate neuronal differentiation in embryonic stem cells (ESC). Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) are ethically non-controversial stem cells. However, they are not pluripotent. In cochlear implantation, regeneration or replacement of lost spiral ganglion neurons may be a measure for the improvement of implant function. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate whether the expression of Neurog1 or NeuroD1 is sufficient for induction of neuronal differentiation in hBMSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human BMSCs were transduced with lentivirus expressing NeuroD1 or Neuorg1. Transduced cells were then treated with small molecules that enhanced neuronal differentiation. Markers of neuronal differentiation were evaluated. RESULTS Using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, the up-regulation of transcription factors expressed by developing primary auditory neurons, such as BRN3a (POU4F1) and GATA3, was quantified after induction of Neurog-1 expression. In addition, the expression of the receptor NTRK2 was induced by treatment with its specific ligand BDNF. The induction of expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 was identified on gene and protein level. NeuroD1 seemed not sufficient to induce and maintain neuronal differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Induction of neuronal differentiation by overexpression of Neurog1 initiated important steps for the development of glutamatergic neurons such as the spiral ganglion neurons. However, it seems not sufficient to maintain the glutamatergic spiral ganglion neuron-like phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Schäck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Budde
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Annastift, Anna von Borries-Str. 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany
| | - Christian Krettek
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Gross
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Henning Windhagen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Annastift, Anna von Borries-Str. 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Annastift, Anna von Borries-Str. 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lineage tracing of Sox2-expressing progenitor cells in the mouse inner ear reveals a broad contribution to non-sensory tissues and insights into the origin of the organ of Corti. Dev Biol 2016; 414:72-84. [PMID: 27090805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Sox2 is both necessary and sufficient for the generation of sensory regions of the inner ear. It regulates expression of the Notch ligand Jag1 in prosensory progenitors, which signal to neighboring cells to up-regulate Sox2 and sustain prosensory identity. However, the expression pattern of Sox2 in the early inner ear is very broad, suggesting that Sox2-expressing progenitors form a wide variety of cell types in addition to generating the sensory regions of the ear. We used Sox2-CreER mice to follow the fates of Sox2-expressing cells at different stages in ear development. We find that Sox2-expressing cells in the early otocyst give rise to large numbers of non-sensory structures throughout the inner ear, and that Sox2 only becomes a truly prosensory marker at embryonic day (E)11.5. Our fate map reveals the organ of Corti derives from a central domain on the medial side of the otocyst and shows that a significant amount of the organ of Corti derives from a Sox2-negative population in this region.
Collapse
|
32
|
Azadeh J, Song Z, Laureano AS, Toro-Ramos A, Kwan K. Initiating Differentiation in Immortalized Multipotent Otic Progenitor Cells. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 26780605 DOI: 10.3791/53692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) or embryonic stem cells (ESC) for cell replacement therapies holds great promise. Several limitations including low yields and heterogeneous populations of differentiated cells hinder the progress of stem cell therapies. A fate restricted immortalized multipotent otic progenitor (iMOP) cell line was generated to facilitate efficient differentiation of large numbers of functional hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) for inner ear cell replacement therapies. Starting from dissociated cultures of single iMOP cells, protocols that promote cell cycle exit and differentiation by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) withdrawal were described. A significant decrease in proliferating cells after bFGF withdrawal was confirmed using an EdU cell proliferation assay. Concomitant with a decrease in proliferation, successful differentiation resulted in expression of molecular markers and morphological changes. Immunostaining of Cdkn1b (p27(KIP)) and Cdh1 (E-cadherin) in iMOP-derived otospheres was used as an indicator for differentiation into inner ear sensory epithelia while immunostaining of Cdkn1b and Tubb3 (neuronal β-tubulin) was used to identify iMOP-derived neurons. Use of iMOP cells provides an important tool for understanding cell fate decisions made by inner ear neurosensory progenitors and will help develop protocols for generating large numbers of iPSC or ESC-derived hair cells and SGNs. These methods will accelerate efforts for generating otic cells for replacement therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kelvin Kwan
- Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Rutgers University;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Goodrich LV. Early Development of the Spiral Ganglion. THE PRIMARY AUDITORY NEURONS OF THE MAMMALIAN COCHLEA 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3031-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
34
|
Gaete M, Fons JM, Popa EM, Chatzeli L, Tucker AS. Epithelial topography for repetitive tooth formation. Biol Open 2015; 4:1625-34. [PMID: 26538639 PMCID: PMC4736031 DOI: 10.1242/bio.013672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During the formation of repetitive ectodermally derived organs such as mammary glands, lateral line and teeth, the tissue primordium iteratively initiates new structures. In the case of successional molar development, new teeth appear sequentially in the posterior region of the jaw from Sox2+ cells in association with the posterior aspect of a pre-existing tooth. The sequence of molar development is well known, however, the epithelial topography involved in the formation of a new tooth is unclear. Here, we have examined the morphology of the molar dental epithelium and its development at different stages in the mouse in vivo and in molar explants. Using regional lineage tracing we show that within the posterior tail of the first molar the primordium for the second and third molar are organized in a row, with the tail remaining in connection with the surface, where a furrow is observed. The morphology and Sox2 expression of the tail retains characteristics reminiscent of the earlier stages of tooth development, such that position along the A-P axes of the tail correlates with different temporal stages. Sox9, a stem/progenitor cell marker in other organs, is expressed mainly in the suprabasal epithelium complementary with Sox2 expression. This Sox2 and Sox9 expressing molar tail contains actively proliferating cells with mitosis following an apico-basal direction. Snail2, a transcription factor implicated in cell migration, is expressed at high levels in the tip of the molar tail while E-cadherin and laminin are decreased. In conclusion, our studies propose a model in which the epithelium of the molar tail can grow by posterior movement of epithelial cells followed by infolding and stratification involving a population of Sox2+/Sox9+ cells. Summary: This study proposes a model for repetitive tooth formation in which the epithelium can grow by the movement of epithelial cells followed by infolding and stratification of Sox2/Sox9 positive cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Gaete
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Juan Manuel Fons
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Elena Mădălina Popa
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Lemonia Chatzeli
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huyghe A, Van den Ackerveken P, Sacheli R, Prévot PP, Thelen N, Renauld J, Thiry M, Delacroix L, Nguyen L, Malgrange B. MicroRNA-124 Regulates Cell Specification in the Cochlea through Modulation of Sfrp4/5. Cell Rep 2015; 13:31-42. [PMID: 26387953 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The organ of Corti, the auditory organ of the mammalian inner ear, contains sensory hair cells and supporting cells that arise from a common sensory progenitor. The molecular bases allowing the specification of these progenitors remain elusive. In the present study, by combining microarray analyses with conditional deletion of Dicer in the developing inner ear, we identified that miR-124 controls cell fate in the developing organ of Corti. By targeting secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (Sfrp4) and Sfrp5, two inhibitors of the Wnt pathway, we showed that miR-124 controls the β-catenin-dependent and also the PCP-related non-canonical Wnt pathways that contribute to HC differentiation and polarization in the organ of Corti. Thus, our work emphasizes the importance of miR-124 as an epigenetic safeguard that fine-tunes the expression of genes critical for cell patterning during cochlear differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia Huyghe
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | | | - Rosalie Sacheli
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Paul Prévot
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Thelen
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Justine Renauld
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Marc Thiry
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Laurence Delacroix
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Malgrange
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liege 4000, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
She ZY, Yang WX. SOX family transcription factors involved in diverse cellular events during development. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:547-63. [PMID: 26340821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In metazoa, SOX family transcription factors play many diverse roles. In vertebrate, they are well-known regulators of numerous developmental processes. Wide-ranging studies have demonstrated the co-expression of SOX proteins in various developing tissues and that they occur in an overlapping manner and show functional redundancy. In particular, studies focusing on the HMG box of SOX proteins have revealed that the HMG box regulates DNA-binding properties, and mediates both the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of SOX proteins and their physical interactions with partner proteins. Posttranslational modifications are further implicated in the regulation of the transcriptional activities of SOX proteins. In this review, we discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the SOX-partner factor interactions and the functional modes of SOX-partner complexes during development. We particularly emphasize the representative roles of the SOX group proteins in major tissues during developmental and physiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu She
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vendrell V, López-Hernández I, Durán Alonso MB, Feijoo-Redondo A, Abello G, Gálvez H, Giráldez F, Lamonerie T, Schimmang T. Otx2 is a target of N-myc and acts as a suppressor of sensory development in the mammalian cochlea. Development 2015; 142:2792-800. [PMID: 26160903 DOI: 10.1242/dev.122465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulatory networks are essential during the formation and differentiation of organs. The transcription factor N-myc is required for proper morphogenesis of the cochlea and to control correct patterning of the organ of Corti. We show here that the Otx2 gene, a mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila orthodenticle homeobox gene, is a crucial target of N-myc during inner ear development. Otx2 expression is lost in N-myc mouse mutants, and N-myc misexpression in the chick inner ear leads to ectopic expression of Otx2. Furthermore, Otx2 enhancer activity is increased by N-myc misexpression, indicating that N-myc may directly regulate Otx2. Inactivation of Otx2 in the mouse inner ear leads to ectopic expression of prosensory markers in non-sensory regions of the cochlear duct. Upon further differentiation, these domains give rise to an ectopic organ of Corti, together with the re-specification of non-sensory areas into sensory epithelia, and the loss of Reissner's membrane. Therefore, the Otx2-positive domain of the cochlear duct shows a striking competence to develop into a mirror-image copy of the organ of Corti. Taken together, these data show that Otx2 acts downstream of N-myc and is essential for patterning and spatial restriction of the sensory domain of the mammalian cochlea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Vendrell
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Sanz y Forés 3, Valladolid E-47003, Spain
| | - Iris López-Hernández
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Sanz y Forés 3, Valladolid E-47003, Spain
| | - María Beatriz Durán Alonso
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Sanz y Forés 3, Valladolid E-47003, Spain
| | - Ana Feijoo-Redondo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Sanz y Forés 3, Valladolid E-47003, Spain
| | - Gina Abello
- CEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomédica de Barcelona, Barcelona E-08003, Spain
| | - Héctor Gálvez
- CEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomédica de Barcelona, Barcelona E-08003, Spain
| | - Fernando Giráldez
- CEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomédica de Barcelona, Barcelona E-08003, Spain
| | - Thomas Lamonerie
- Institut de Biologie Valrose, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR UNS/CNRS 7277/INSERM 1091, Nice F-06108, France
| | - Thomas Schimmang
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Sanz y Forés 3, Valladolid E-47003, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sox2-CreER mice are useful for fate mapping of mature, but not neonatal, cochlear supporting cells in hair cell regeneration studies. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11621. [PMID: 26108463 PMCID: PMC4479870 DOI: 10.1038/srep11621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of hair cell regeneration in the postnatal cochlea rely on fate mapping of supporting cells. Here we characterized a Sox2-CreER knock-in mouse line with two independent reporter mouse strains at neonatal and mature ages. Regardless of induction age, reporter expression was robust, with CreER activity being readily detectable in >85% of supporting cells within the organ of Corti. When induced at postnatal day (P) 28, Sox2-CreER activity was exclusive to supporting cells demonstrating its utility for fate mapping studies beyond this age. However, when induced at P1, Sox2-CreER activity was also detected in >50% of cochlear hair cells, suggesting that Sox2-CreER may not be useful to fate map a supporting cell origin of regenerated hair cells if induced at neonatal ages. Given that this model is currently in use by several investigators for fate mapping purposes, and may be adopted by others in the future, our finding that current protocols are effective for restricting CreER activity to supporting cells at mature but not neonatal ages is both significant and timely.
Collapse
|
39
|
Quantitative High-Resolution Cellular Map of the Organ of Corti. Cell Rep 2015; 11:1385-99. [PMID: 26027927 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The organ of Corti harbors highly specialized sensory hair cells and surrounding supporting cells that are essential for the sense of hearing. Here, we report a single cell gene expression data analysis and visualization strategy that allows for the construction of a quantitative spatial map of the neonatal organ of Corti along its major anatomical axes. The map displays gene expression levels of 192 genes for all organ of Corti cell types ordered along the apex-to-base axis of the cochlea. Statistical interrogation of cell-type-specific gene expression patterns along the longitudinal gradient revealed features of apical supporting cells indicative of a propensity for proliferative hair cell regeneration. This includes reduced expression of Notch effectors, receptivity for canonical Wnt signaling, and prominent expression of early cell-cycle genes. Cochlear hair cells displayed expression gradients of genes indicative of cellular differentiation and the establishment of the tonotopic axis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Can the ‘neuron theory’ be complemented by a universal mechanism for generic neuronal differentiation. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:343-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
41
|
Fritzsch B, Jahan I, Pan N, Elliott KL. Evolving gene regulatory networks into cellular networks guiding adaptive behavior: an outline how single cells could have evolved into a centralized neurosensory system. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:295-313. [PMID: 25416504 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the evolution of the neurosensory system of man, able to reflect on its own origin, is one of the major goals of comparative neurobiology. Details of the origin of neurosensory cells, their aggregation into central nervous systems and associated sensory organs and their localized patterning leading to remarkably different cell types aggregated into variably sized parts of the central nervous system have begun to emerge. Insights at the cellular and molecular level have begun to shed some light on the evolution of neurosensory cells, partially covered in this review. Molecular evidence suggests that high mobility group (HMG) proteins of pre-metazoans evolved into the definitive Sox [SRY (sex determining region Y)-box] genes used for neurosensory precursor specification in metazoans. Likewise, pre-metazoan basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) genes evolved in metazoans into the group A bHLH genes dedicated to neurosensory differentiation in bilaterians. Available evidence suggests that the Sox and bHLH genes evolved a cross-regulatory network able to synchronize expansion of precursor populations and their subsequent differentiation into novel parts of the brain or sensory organs. Molecular evidence suggests metazoans evolved patterning gene networks early, which were not dedicated to neuronal development. Only later in evolution were these patterning gene networks tied into the increasing complexity of diffusible factors, many of which were already present in pre-metazoans, to drive local patterning events. It appears that the evolving molecular basis of neurosensory cell development may have led, in interaction with differentially expressed patterning genes, to local network modifications guiding unique specializations of neurosensory cells into sensory organs and various areas of the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, CLAS, 143 BB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bohnenpoll T, Trowe MO, Wojahn I, Taketo MM, Petry M, Kispert A. Canonical Wnt signaling regulates the proliferative expansion and differentiation of fibrocytes in the murine inner ear. Dev Biol 2014; 391:54-65. [PMID: 24727668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Otic fibrocytes tether the cochlear duct to the surrounding otic capsule but are also critically involved in maintenance of ion homeostasis in the cochlea, thus, perception of sound. The molecular pathways that regulate the development of this heterogenous group of cells from mesenchymal precursors are poorly understood. Here, we identified epithelial Wnt7a and Wnt7b as possible ligands of Fzd-mediated β-catenin (Ctnnb1)-dependent (canonical) Wnt signaling in the adjacent undifferentiated periotic mesenchyme (POM). Mice with a conditional deletion of Ctnnb1 in the POM exhibited a complete failure of fibrocyte differentiation, a severe reduction of mesenchymal cells surrounding the cochlear duct, loss of pericochlear spaces, a thickening and partial loss of the bony capsule and a secondary disturbance of cochlear duct coiling shortly before birth. Analysis at earlier stages revealed that radial patterning of the POM in two domains with highly condensed cartilaginous precursors and more loosely arranged inner mesenchymal cells occurred normally but that proliferation in the inner domain was reduced and cytodifferentiation failed. Cells with mis/overexpression of a stabilized form of Ctnnb1 in the entire POM mesenchyme sorted to the inner mesenchymal compartment and exhibited increased proliferation. Our analysis suggests that Wnt signals from the cochlear duct epithelium are crucial to induce differentiation and expansion of fibrocyte precursor cells. Our findings emphasize the importance of epithelial-mesenchymal signaling in inner ear development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bohnenpoll
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, OE5250, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark-Oliver Trowe
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, OE5250, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Irina Wojahn
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, OE5250, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Marianne Petry
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, OE5250, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, OE5250, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cox BC, Chai R, Lenoir A, Liu Z, Zhang L, Nguyen DH, Chalasani K, Steigelman KA, Fang J, Rubel EW, Cheng AG, Zuo J. Spontaneous hair cell regeneration in the neonatal mouse cochlea in vivo. Development 2014; 141:816-29. [PMID: 24496619 DOI: 10.1242/dev.103036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Loss of cochlear hair cells in mammals is currently believed to be permanent, resulting in hearing impairment that affects more than 10% of the population. Here, we developed two genetic strategies to ablate neonatal mouse cochlear hair cells in vivo. Both Pou4f3(DTR/+) and Atoh1-CreER™; ROSA26(DTA/+) alleles allowed selective and inducible hair cell ablation. After hair cell loss was induced at birth, we observed spontaneous regeneration of hair cells. Fate-mapping experiments demonstrated that neighboring supporting cells acquired a hair cell fate, which increased in a basal to apical gradient, averaging over 120 regenerated hair cells per cochlea. The normally mitotically quiescent supporting cells proliferated after hair cell ablation. Concurrent fate mapping and labeling with mitotic tracers showed that regenerated hair cells were derived by both mitotic regeneration and direct transdifferentiation. Over time, regenerated hair cells followed a similar pattern of maturation to normal hair cell development, including the expression of prestin, a terminal differentiation marker of outer hair cells, although many new hair cells eventually died. Hair cell regeneration did not occur when ablation was induced at one week of age. Our findings demonstrate that the neonatal mouse cochlea is capable of spontaneous hair cell regeneration after damage in vivo. Thus, future studies on the neonatal cochlea might shed light on the competence of supporting cells to regenerate hair cells and on the factors that promote the survival of newly regenerated hair cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C Cox
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Targeted deletion of Sox10 by Wnt1-cre defects neuronal migration and projection in the mouse inner ear. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94580. [PMID: 24718611 PMCID: PMC3981815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory nerves of the brainstem are mostly composed of placode-derived neurons, neural crest-derived neurons and neural crest-derived Schwann cells. This mixed origin of cells has made it difficult to dissect interdependence for fiber guidance. Inner ear-derived neurons are known to connect to the brain after delayed loss of Schwann cells in ErbB2 mutants. However, the ErbB2 mutant related alterations in the ear and the brain compound interpretation of the data. We present here a new model to evaluate exclusively the effect of Schwann cell loss on inner ear innervation. Conditional deletion of the neural crest specific transcription factor, Sox10, using the rhombic lip/neural crest specific Wnt1-cre driver spares Sox10 expression in the ear. We confirm that neural crest-derived cells provide a stop signal for migrating spiral ganglion neurons. In the absence of Schwann cells, spiral ganglion neurons migrate into the center of the cochlea and even out of the ear toward the brain. Spiral ganglion neuron afferent processes reach the organ of Corti, but many afferent fibers bypass the organ of Corti to enter the lateral wall of the cochlea. In contrast to this peripheral disorganization, the central projection to cochlear nuclei is normal. Compared to ErbB2 mutants, conditional Sox10 mutants have limited cell death in spiral ganglion neurons, indicating that the absence of Schwann cells alone contributes little to the embryonic survival of neurons. These data suggest that neural crest-derived cells are dispensable for all central and some peripheral targeting of inner ear neurons. However, Schwann cells provide a stop signal for migratory spiral ganglion neurons and facilitate proper targeting of the organ of Corti by spiral ganglion afferents.
Collapse
|
45
|
Smeti I, Watabe I, Savary E, Fontbonne A, Zine A. HMGA2, the architectural transcription factor high mobility group, is expressed in the developing and mature mouse cochlea. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88757. [PMID: 24551154 PMCID: PMC3925159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hmga2 protein belongs to the non-histone chromosomal high-mobility group (HMG) protein family. HMG proteins have been shown to function as architectural transcription regulators, facilitating enhanceosome formation on a variety of mammalian promoters. Hmga2 are expressed at high levels in embryonic and transformed cells. Terminally differentiated cells, however, have been reported to express only minimal, if any, Hmga2. Our previous affymetrix array data showed that Hmga2 is expressed in the developing and adult mammalian cochleas. However, the spatio-temporal expression pattern of Hmga2 in the murine cochlea remained unknown. In this study, we report the expression of Hmga2 in developing and adult cochleas using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real time PCR analysis. Immunolabeling of Hmga2 in the embryonic, postnatal, and mature cochleas showed broad Hmga2 expression in embryonic cochlea (E14.5) at the level of the developing organ of Corti in differentiating hair cells, supporting cells, in addition to immature cells in the GER and LER areas. By postnatal stage (P0–P3), Hmga2 is predominantly expressed in the hair and supporting cells, in addition to cells in the LER area. By P12, Hmga2 immunolabeling is confined to the hair cells and supporting cells. In the adult ear, Hmga2 expression is maintained in the hair and supporting cell subtypes (i.e. Deiters’ cells, Hensen cells, pillar cells, inner phalangeal and border cells) in the cochlear epithelium. Using quantitative real time PCR, we found a decrease in transcript level for Hmga2 comparable to other known inner ear developmental genes (Sox2, Atoh1, Jagged1 and Hes5) in the cochlear epithelium of the adult relative to postnatal ears. These data provide for the first time the tissue-specific expression and transcription level of Hmga2 during inner ear development and suggest its potential dual role in early differentiation and maintenance of both hair and supporting cell phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibtihel Smeti
- Integrative and Adaptative Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 7260 AMU, Marseille, France
- Sensory Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier I University, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Watabe
- Integrative and Adaptative Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 7260 AMU, Marseille, France
| | - Etienne Savary
- Integrative and Adaptative Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 7260 AMU, Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Fontbonne
- Integrative and Adaptative Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 7260 AMU, Marseille, France
| | - Azel Zine
- Integrative and Adaptative Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 7260 AMU, Marseille, France
- Sensory Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier I University, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kamachi Y, Kondoh H. Sox proteins: regulators of cell fate specification and differentiation. Development 2013; 140:4129-44. [PMID: 24086078 DOI: 10.1242/dev.091793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sox transcription factors play widespread roles during development; however, their versatile funtions have a relatively simple basis: the binding of a Sox protein alone to DNA does not elicit transcriptional activation or repression, but requires binding of a partner transcription factor to an adjacent site on the DNA. Thus, the activity of a Sox protein is dependent upon the identity of its partner factor and the context of the DNA sequence to which it binds. In this Primer, we provide an mechanistic overview of how Sox family proteins function, as a paradigm for transcriptional regulation of development involving multi-transcription factor complexes, and we discuss how Sox factors can thus regulate diverse processes during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kamachi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chiang DY, Cuthbertson DW, Ruiz FR, Li N, Pereira FA. A coregulatory network of NR2F1 and microRNA-140. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83358. [PMID: 24349493 PMCID: PMC3857795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1 (NR2F1) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play critical roles in the developing and functional inner ear. Based on previous studies suggesting interplay between NR2F1 and miRNAs, we investigated the coregulation between NR2F1 and miRNAs to better understand the regulatory mechanisms of inner ear development and functional maturation. RESULTS Using a bioinformatic approach, we identified 11 potential miRNAs that might coregulate target genes with NR2F1 and analyzed their targets and potential roles in physiology and disease. We selected 6 miRNAs to analyze using quantitative real-time (qRT) -PCR and found that miR-140 is significantly down-regulated by 4.5-fold (P=0.004) in the inner ear of NR2F1 knockout (Nr2f1(-/-)) mice compared to wild-type littermates but is unchanged in the brain. Based on this, we performed chromatin-immunoprecipitation followed by qRT-PCR and confirmed that NR2F1 directly binds and regulates both miR-140 and Klf9 in vivo. Furthermore, we performed luciferase reporter assay and showed that miR-140 mimic directly regulates KLF9-3'UTR, thereby establishing and validating an example coregulatory network involving NR2F1, miR-140, and Klf9. CONCLUSIONS We have described and experimentally validated a novel tissue-dependent coregulatory network for NR2F1, miR-140, and Klf9 in the inner ear and we propose the existence of many such coregulatory networks important for both inner ear development and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Y. Chiang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David W. Cuthbertson
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fernanda R. Ruiz
- Huffington Center on Aging and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Na Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fred A. Pereira
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Huffington Center on Aging and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Locher H, Frijns JHM, van Iperen L, de Groot JCMJ, Huisman MA, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM. Neurosensory development and cell fate determination in the human cochlea. Neural Dev 2013; 8:20. [PMID: 24131517 PMCID: PMC3854452 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8104-8-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hearing depends on correct functioning of the cochlear hair cells, and their innervation by spiral ganglion neurons. Most of the insight into the embryological and molecular development of this sensory system has been derived from animal studies. In contrast, little is known about the molecular expression patterns and dynamics of signaling molecules during normal fetal development of the human cochlea. In this study, we investigated the onset of hair cell differentiation and innervation in the human fetal cochlea at various stages of development. RESULTS At 10 weeks of gestation, we observed a prosensory domain expressing SOX2 and SOX9/SOX10 within the cochlear duct epithelium. In this domain, hair cell differentiation was consistently present from 12 weeks, coinciding with downregulation of SOX9/SOX10, to be followed several weeks later by downregulation of SOX2. Outgrowing neurites from spiral ganglion neurons were found penetrating into the cochlear duct epithelium prior to hair cell differentiation, and directly targeted the hair cells as they developed. Ubiquitous Peripherin expression by spiral ganglion neurons gradually diminished and became restricted to the type II spiral ganglion neurons by 18 weeks. At 20 weeks, when the onset of human hearing is thought to take place, the expression profiles in hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons matched the expression patterns of the adult mammalian cochleae. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new insights into the fetal development of the human cochlea, contributing to our understanding of deafness and to the development of new therapeutic strategies to restore hearing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Susana M Chuva de Sousa Lopes
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, T-01-032, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sánchez-Guardado LÓ, Puelles L, Hidalgo-Sánchez M. Fgf10 expression patterns in the developing chick inner ear. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:1136-64. [PMID: 22987750 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The inner ear is a complex three-dimensional sensorial structure with auditory and vestibular functions. It originates from the otic placode, which invaginates, forming the otic vesicle; the latter gives rise to neurosensory and nonsensory elements of the adult membranous labyrinth. A hypothesis based on descriptive and experimental evidence suggests that the acquisition of discrete sensory patches during evolution of this primordium may be related to subdivision of an early pansensory domain. In order to gain insight into this developmental mechanism, we carried out a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal expression pattern of the gene Fgf10, by comparing different markers of otic patterning and hair cell differentiation. Fgf10 expression labels a sensory-competent domain included in a Serrate-positive territory from which most of the sensory epithelia arise. Our data show that Fgf10 transcripts are present initially in a narrow ventromedial band of the rudimentary otocyst, extending between its rostral and caudal poles. During development, this Fgf10-expressing area splits repetitively into several separate subareas, creating six of the eight sensory organs present in birds. Only the lateral crista and the macula neglecta were initially Fgf10 negative, although they activated Fgf10 expression after their specification as sensory elements. These results allowed us to determine a timetable of sensory specification in the developing chick inner ear. The comparison of the expression pattern of Fgf10 with those of other markers of sensory differentiation contributes to our understanding of the mechanism by which vertebrate inner ear prosensory domains have arisen during evolution.
Collapse
|
50
|
Kopecky BJ, Jahan I, Fritzsch B. Correct timing of proliferation and differentiation is necessary for normal inner ear development and auditory hair cell viability. Dev Dyn 2013. [PMID: 23193000 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hearing restoration through hair cell regeneration will require revealing the dynamic interactions between proliferation and differentiation during development to avoid the limited viability of regenerated hair cells. Pax2-Cre N-Myc conditional knockout (CKO) mice highlighted the need of N-Myc for proper neurosensory development and possible redundancy with L-Myc. The late-onset hair cell death in the absence of early N-Myc expression could be due to mis-regulation of genes necessary for neurosensory formation and maintenance, such as Neurod1, Atoh1, Pou4f3, and Barhl1. RESULTS Pax2-Cre N-Myc L-Myc double CKO mice show that proliferation and differentiation are linked together through Myc and in the absence of both Mycs, altered proliferation and differentiation result in morphologically abnormal ears. In particular, the organ of Corti apex is re-patterned into a vestibular-like organization and the base is truncated and fused with the saccule. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that therapeutic approaches to restore hair cells must take into account a dynamic interaction of proliferation and differentiation regulation of basic Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factors in attempts to stably replace lost cochlear hair cells. In addition, our data indicate that Myc is an integral component of the evolutionary transformation process that resulted in the organ of Corti development.
Collapse
|