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Sun SY, Nie L, Zhang J, Fang X, Luo H, Fu C, Wei Z, Tang AH. The interaction between KIF21A and KANK1 regulates dendritic morphology and synapse plasticity in neurons. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:209-223. [PMID: 38767486 PMCID: PMC11246154 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202501000-00029/figure1/v/2024-05-14T021156Z/r/image-tiff Morphological alterations in dendritic spines have been linked to changes in functional communication between neurons that affect learning and memory. Kinesin-4 KIF21A helps organize the microtubule-actin network at the cell cortex by interacting with KANK1; however, whether KIF21A modulates dendritic structure and function in neurons remains unknown. In this study, we found that KIF21A was distributed in a subset of dendritic spines, and that these KIF21A-positive spines were larger and more structurally plastic than KIF21A-negative spines. Furthermore, the interaction between KIF21A and KANK1 was found to be critical for dendritic spine morphogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Knockdown of either KIF21A or KANK1 inhibited dendritic spine morphogenesis and dendritic branching, and these deficits were fully rescued by coexpressing full-length KIF21A or KANK1, but not by proteins with mutations disrupting direct binding between KIF21A and KANK1 or binding between KANK1 and talin1. Knocking down KIF21A in the hippocampus of rats inhibited the amplitudes of long-term potentiation induced by high-frequency stimulation and negatively impacted the animals' cognitive abilities. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the function of KIF21A in modulating spine morphology and provide insight into its role in synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yan Sun
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lingyun Nie
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue Fang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chuanhai Fu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ai-Hui Tang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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2
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Roychaudhury A, Lee YR, Choi TI, Thomas MG, Khan TN, Yousaf H, Skinner C, Maconachie G, Crosier M, Horak H, Constantinescu CS, Kim TY, Lee KH, Kyung JJ, Wang T, Ku B, Chodirker BN, Hammer MF, Gottlob I, Norton WHJ, Gerlai R, Kim HG, Graziano C, Pippucci T, Iovino E, Montanari F, Severi G, Toro C, Boerkoel CF, Cha HS, Choi CY, Kim S, Yoon JH, Gilmore K, Vora NL, Davis EE, Chudley AE, Schwartz CE, Kim CH. SRPK3 Is Essential for Cognitive and Ocular Development in Humans and Zebrafish, Explaining X-Linked Intellectual Disability. Ann Neurol 2024. [PMID: 39073169 DOI: 10.1002/ana.27037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intellectual disability is often the outcome of neurodevelopmental disorders and is characterized by significant impairments in intellectual and adaptive functioning. X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) is a subset of these disorders caused by genetic defects on the X chromosome, affecting about 2 out of 1,000 males. In syndromic form, it leads to a broad range of cognitive, behavioral, ocular, and physical disabilities. METHODS Employing exome or genome sequencing, here we identified 4 missense variants (c.475C > G; p.H159D, c.1373C > A; p.T458N, and c.1585G > A; p.E529K, c.953C > T; p.S318L) and a putative truncating variant (c.1413_1414del; p.Y471*) in the SRPK3 gene in 9 XLID patients from 5 unrelated families. To validate SRPK3 as a novel XLID gene, we established a knockout (KO) model of the SRPK3 orthologue in zebrafish. RESULTS The 8 patients ascertained postnatally shared common clinical features including intellectual disability, agenesis of the corpus callosum, abnormal eye movement, and ataxia. A ninth case, ascertained prenatally, had a complex structural brain phenotype. Together, these data indicate a pathological role of SRPK3 in neurodevelopmental disorders. In post-fertilization day 5 larvae (free swimming stage), KO zebrafish exhibited severe deficits in eye movement and swim bladder inflation, mimicking uncontrolled ocular movement and physical clumsiness observed in human patients. In adult KO zebrafish, cerebellar agenesis and behavioral abnormalities were observed, recapitulating human phenotypes of cerebellar atrophy and intellectual disability. INTERPRETATION Overall, these results suggest a crucial role of SRPK3 in the pathogenesis of syndromic X-linked intellectual disability and provide new insights into brain development, cognitive and ocular dysfunction in both humans and zebrafish. ANN NEUROL 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Ri Lee
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Ik Choi
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mervyn G Thomas
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavior, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Tahir N Khan
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hammad Yousaf
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Gail Maconachie
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavior, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Division of Ophthalmology and Orthoptics, Health Science School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Moira Crosier
- Human Developmental Biology Resource, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Holli Horak
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Cris S Constantinescu
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Cooper Neurological Institute and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kang-Han Lee
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Kyung
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Tao Wang
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bonsu Ku
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bernard N Chodirker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Irene Gottlob
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavior, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Cooper Neurological Institute and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - William H J Norton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Tommaso Pippucci
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Iovino
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Severi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, NIH Office of Rare Diseases Research and NHGRI, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cornelius F Boerkoel
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, NIH Office of Rare Diseases Research and NHGRI, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyo Sun Cha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Cheol Yong Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Je-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kelly Gilmore
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Ob/Gyn, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Neeta L Vora
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Ob/Gyn, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Erica E Davis
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Albert E Chudley
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Charles E Schwartz
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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3
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Fritzsch B. Evolution and development of extraocular motor neurons, nerves and muscles in vertebrates. Ann Anat 2024; 253:152225. [PMID: 38346566 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to analyze the origin of ocular motor neurons, define the pattern of innervation of nerve fibers that project to the extraocular eye muscles (EOMs), describe congenital disorders that alter the development of ocular motor neurons, and provide an overview of vestibular pathway inputs to ocular motor nuclei. Six eye muscles are innervated by axons of three ocular motor neurons, the oculomotor (CNIII), trochlear (CNIV), and abducens (CNVI) neurons. Ocular motor neurons (CNIII) originate in the midbrain and innervate the ipsilateral orbit, except for the superior rectus and the levator palpebrae, which are contralaterally innervated. Trochlear motor neurons (CNIV) originate at the midbrain-hindbrain junction and innervate the contralateral superior oblique muscle. Abducens motor neurons (CNVI) originate variously in the hindbrain of rhombomeres r4-6 that innervate the posterior (or lateral) rectus muscle and innervate the retractor bulbi. Genes allow a distinction between special somatic (CNIII, IV) and somatic (CNVI) ocular motor neurons. Development of ocular motor neurons and their axonal projections to the EOMs may be derailed by various genetic causes, resulting in the congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders. The ocular motor neurons innervate EOMs while the vestibular nuclei connect with the midbrain-brainstem motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, USA.
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Xie Y, Reid CM, Granados AA, Garcia MT, Dale-Huang F, Hanson SM, Mancia W, Liu J, Adam M, Mosto O, Pisco AO, Alvarez-Buylla A, Harwell CC. Developmental origin and local signals cooperate to determine septal astrocyte identity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.08.561428. [PMID: 37873089 PMCID: PMC10592657 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.08.561428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte specification during development is influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, but the precise contribution of each remains poorly understood. Here we show that septal astrocytes from Nkx2.1 and Zic4 expressing progenitor zones are allocated into non-overlapping domains of the medial (MS) and lateral septal nuclei (LS) respectively. Astrocytes in these areas exhibit distinctive molecular and morphological features tailored to the unique cellular and synaptic circuit environment of each nucleus. Using single-nucleus (sn) RNA sequencing, we trace the developmental trajectories of cells in the septum and find that neurons and astrocytes undergo region and developmental stage-specific local cell-cell interactions. We show that expression of the classic morphogens Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) by MS and LS neurons respectively, functions to promote the molecular specification of local astrocytes in each region. Finally, using heterotopic cell transplantation, we show that both morphological and molecular specifications of septal astrocytes are highly dependent on the local microenvironment, regardless of developmental origins. Our data highlights the complex interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic factors shaping astrocyte identities and illustrates the importance of the local environment in determining astrocyte functional specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Xie
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA
| | - Christopher M. Reid
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Miguel Turrero Garcia
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA
| | - Fiona Dale-Huang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sarah M. Hanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA
| | - Walter Mancia
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jonathan Liu
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Manal Adam
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA
| | - Olivia Mosto
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Corey C. Harwell
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Lead contact
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5
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Puri D, Barry BJ, Engle EC. TUBB3 and KIF21A in neurodevelopment and disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1226181. [PMID: 37600020 PMCID: PMC10436312 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1226181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration and axon growth and guidance require precise control of microtubule dynamics and microtubule-based cargo transport. TUBB3 encodes the neuronal-specific β-tubulin isotype III, TUBB3, a component of neuronal microtubules expressed throughout the life of central and peripheral neurons. Human pathogenic TUBB3 missense variants result in altered TUBB3 function and cause errors either in the growth and guidance of cranial and, to a lesser extent, central axons, or in cortical neuronal migration and organization, and rarely in both. Moreover, human pathogenic missense variants in KIF21A, which encodes an anterograde kinesin motor protein that interacts directly with microtubules, alter KIF21A function and cause errors in cranial axon growth and guidance that can phenocopy TUBB3 variants. Here, we review reported TUBB3 and KIF21A variants, resulting phenotypes, and corresponding functional studies of both wildtype and mutant proteins. We summarize the evidence that, in vitro and in mouse models, loss-of-function and missense variants can alter microtubule dynamics and microtubule-kinesin interactions. Lastly, we highlight additional studies that might contribute to our understanding of the relationship between specific tubulin isotypes and specific kinesin motor proteins in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Puri
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Brenda J. Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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6
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LaForce GR, Philippidou P, Schaffer AE. mRNA isoform balance in neuronal development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1762. [PMID: 36123820 PMCID: PMC10024649 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Balanced mRNA isoform diversity and abundance are spatially and temporally regulated throughout cellular differentiation. The proportion of expressed isoforms contributes to cell type specification and determines key properties of the differentiated cells. Neurons are unique cell types with intricate developmental programs, characteristic cellular morphologies, and electrophysiological potential. Neuron-specific gene expression programs establish these distinctive cellular characteristics and drive diversity among neuronal subtypes. Genes with neuron-specific alternative processing are enriched in key neuronal functions, including synaptic proteins, adhesion molecules, and scaffold proteins. Despite the similarity of neuronal gene expression programs, each neuronal subclass can be distinguished by unique alternative mRNA processing events. Alternative processing of developmentally important transcripts alters coding and regulatory information, including interaction domains, transcript stability, subcellular localization, and targeting by RNA binding proteins. Fine-tuning of mRNA processing is essential for neuronal activity and maintenance. Thus, the focus of neuronal RNA biology research is to dissect the transcriptomic mechanisms that underlie neuronal homeostasis, and consequently, predispose neuronal subtypes to disease. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneva R LaForce
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Polyxeni Philippidou
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashleigh E Schaffer
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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7
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Falb RJ, Müller AJ, Klein W, Grimmel M, Grasshoff U, Spranger S, Stöbe P, Gauck D, Kuechler A, Dikow N, Schwaibold EMC, Schmidt C, Averdunk L, Buchert R, Heinrich T, Prodan N, Park J, Kehrer M, Sturm M, Kelemen O, Hartmann S, Horn D, Emmerich D, Hirt N, Neumann A, Kristiansen G, Gembruch U, Haen S, Siebert R, Hentze S, Hoopmann M, Ossowski S, Waldmüller S, Beck-Wödl S, Gläser D, Tekesin I, Distelmaier F, Riess O, Kagan KO, Dufke A, Haack TB. Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in KIF21A cause severe fetal akinesia with arthrogryposis multiplex. J Med Genet 2023; 60:48-56. [PMID: 34740919 PMCID: PMC9811090 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal akinesia (FA) results in variable clinical presentations and has been associated with more than 166 different disease loci. However, the underlying molecular cause remains unclear in many individuals. We aimed to further define the set of genes involved. METHODS We performed in-depth clinical characterisation and exome sequencing on a cohort of 23 FA index cases sharing arthrogryposis as a common feature. RESULTS We identified likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants in 12 different established disease genes explaining the disease phenotype in 13 index cases and report 12 novel variants. In the unsolved families, a search for recessive-type variants affecting the same gene was performed; and in five affected fetuses of two unrelated families, a homozygous loss-of-function variant in the kinesin family member 21A gene (KIF21A) was found. CONCLUSION Our study underlines the broad locus heterogeneity of FA with well-established and atypical genotype-phenotype associations. We describe KIF21A as a new factor implicated in the pathogenesis of severe neurogenic FA sequence with arthrogryposis of multiple joints, pulmonary hypoplasia and facial dysmorphisms. This hypothesis is further corroborated by a recent report on overlapping phenotypes observed in Kif21a null piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth J Falb
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Amelie J Müller
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Mona Grimmel
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ute Grasshoff
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Petra Stöbe
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Darja Gauck
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nicola Dikow
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Luisa Averdunk
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebecca Buchert
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tilman Heinrich
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Natalia Prodan
- Department of Women's Health, University Women's Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Joohyun Park
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Kehrer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marc Sturm
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Olga Kelemen
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Denise Horn
- Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Emmerich
- Practice for Ultrasound and Prenatal Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Hirt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gembruch
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Haen
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Markus Hoopmann
- Department of Women's Health, University Women's Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Ossowski
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Waldmüller
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Beck-Wödl
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karl-Oliver Kagan
- Department of Women's Health, University Women's Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Dufke
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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8
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Lucanus AJ, Thike AA, Tan XF, Lee KW, Guo S, King VPC, Yap VB, Bay BH, Tan PH, Yip GW. KIF21A regulates breast cancer aggressiveness and is prognostic of patient survival and tumor recurrence. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 191:63-75. [PMID: 34698969 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Invasion of carcinoma cells into surrounding tissue affects breast cancer staging, influences choice of treatment, and impacts on patient outcome. KIF21A is a member of the kinesin superfamily that has been well-studied in congenital extraocular muscle fibrosis. However, its biological relevance in breast cancer is unknown. This study investigated the functional roles of KIF21A in this malignancy and examined its expression pattern in breast cancer tissue. METHODS The function of KIF21A in breast carcinoma was studied in vitro by silencing its expression in breast cancer cells and examining the changes in cellular activities. Immunohistochemical staining of breast cancer tissue microarrays was performed to determine the expression patterns of KIF21A. RESULTS Knocking down the expression of KIF21A using siRNA in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 human breast cancer cells resulted in significant decreases in tumor cell migration and invasiveness. This was associated with reduced Patched 1 expression and F-actin microfilaments. Additionally, the number of focal adhesion kinase- and paxillin-associated focal adhesions was increased. Immunohistochemical staining of breast cancer tissue microarrays showed that KIF21A was expressed in both the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments of carcinoma cells. Predominance of cytoplasmic KIF21A was significantly associated with larger tumors and high grade cancer, and prognostic of cause-specific overall patient survival and breast cancer recurrence. CONCLUSION The data demonstrates that KIF21A is an important regulator of breast cancer aggressiveness and may be useful in refining prognostication of this malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton J Lucanus
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore.,School of Anatomy, Human Biology and Physiology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Aye Aye Thike
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Xing Fei Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Kee Wah Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Shiyuan Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Victoria P C King
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Von Bing Yap
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - George W Yip
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore.
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9
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Xu Y, Guo C, Pan W, Zhao C, Ding Y, Xie X, Wei Z, Sun Y, Yu C. Nephrotic-syndrome-associated mutation of KANK2 induces pathologic binding competition with physiological interactor KIF21A. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100958. [PMID: 34274317 PMCID: PMC8368038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common kidney disorder caused by dysfunction of the glomerular filtration barrier. Some genetic mutations identified in NS patients cause amino acid substitutions of kidney ankyrin repeat-containing (KANK) proteins, which are scaffold proteins that regulate actin polymerization, microtubule targeting, and cell adhesion via binding to various molecules, including the kinesin motor protein KIF21A. However, the mechanisms by which these mutations lead to NS are unclear. Here, we unexpectedly found that the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1 (eIF4A1) interacts with an NS-associated KANK2 mutant (S684F) but not the wild-type protein. Biochemical and structural analyses revealed that the pathological mutation induces abnormal binding of eIF4A1 to KANK2 at the physiological KIF21A-binding site. Competitive binding assays further indicated that eIF4A1 can compete with KIF21A to interact with the S684F mutant of KANK2. In cultured mouse podocytes, this S684F mutant interfered with the KANK2/KIF21A interaction by binding to eIF4A1, and failed to rescue the focal adhesion or cell adhesion that had been reduced or morphologically changed by KANK2 knockout. These structural, biochemical, and cellular results not only provide mechanistic explanations for the podocyte defects caused by the S684F mutation, but also show how a gain-of-binding mutation can lead to a loss-of-function effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqun Xu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfei Pan
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chan Zhao
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyan Ding
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingqiao Xie
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology, Southern Univeristy of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Cong Yu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology, Southern Univeristy of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Abstract
Abnormalities in cranial motor nerve development cause paralytic strabismus syndromes, collectively referred to as congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders, in which patients cannot fully move their eyes. These disorders can arise through one of two mechanisms: (a) defective motor neuron specification, usually by loss of a transcription factor necessary for brainstem patterning, or (b) axon growth and guidance abnormalities of the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves. This review focuses on our current understanding of axon guidance mechanisms in the cranial motor nerves and how disease-causing mutations disrupt axon targeting. Abnormalities of axon growth and guidance are often limited to a single nerve or subdivision, even when the causative gene is ubiquitously expressed. Additionally, when one nerve is absent, its normal target muscles attract other motor neurons. Study of these disorders highlights the complexities of axon guidance and how each population of neurons uses a unique but overlapping set of axon guidance pathways. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Vision Science, Volume 7 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Whitman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
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11
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Fang ZH, Nosková A, Crysnanto D, Neuenschwander S, Vögeli P, Pausch H. A 63-bp insertion in exon 2 of the porcine KIF21A gene is associated with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Anim Genet 2020; 51:820-823. [PMID: 32686171 DOI: 10.1111/age.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A recessive form of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) was detected 20 years ago in the Swiss Large White (SLW) pig population. A diagnostic marker test enabled the identification of carrier animals, but the underlying causal mutation remains unknown. To identify the mutation underlying AMC, we collected SNP chip genotyping data for 11 affected piglets and 23 healthy pigs. Association testing using 47 829 SNPs confirmed that AMC maps to SSC5 (P = 9.4 × 10-13 ). Subsequent autozygosity mapping revealed a common 6.06 Mb region (from 66 757 970 to 72 815 151 bp) of extended homozygosity in 11 piglets affected by AMC. Using WGS data, we detected a 63-bp insertion compatible with the recessive inheritance of AMC in the second exon of KIF21A gene encoding Kinesin Family Member 21A. The 63-bp insertion is predicted to introduce a premature stop codon in KIF21A gene (p.Val41_Phe42insTer) that truncates 1614 amino acids (~97%) from the protein. We found that this deleterious allele still segregates at a frequency of 0.1% in the SLW pig population. Carrier animals can now be detected unambiguously and excluded from breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-H Fang
- Animal Genomics, Institute of Agricultural Science, D-USYS, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - A Nosková
- Animal Genomics, Institute of Agricultural Science, D-USYS, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - D Crysnanto
- Animal Genomics, Institute of Agricultural Science, D-USYS, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - S Neuenschwander
- Animal Genetics unit, Institute of Agricultural Science, D-USYS, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - P Vögeli
- Animal Genetics unit, Institute of Agricultural Science, D-USYS, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - H Pausch
- Animal Genomics, Institute of Agricultural Science, D-USYS, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
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12
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Rana HK, Akhtar MR, Islam MB, Ahmed MB, Liò P, Quinn JMW, Huq F, Moni MA. Genetic effects of welding fumes on the development of respiratory system diseases. Comput Biol Med 2019; 108:142-149. [PMID: 31005006 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The welding process releases potentially hazardous gases and fumes, mainly composed of metallic oxides, fluorides and silicates. Long term welding fume (WF) inhalation is a recognized health issue that carries a risk of developing chronic health problems, particularly respiratory system diseases (RSDs). Aside from general airway irritation, WF exposure may drive direct cellular responses in the respiratory system which increase risk of RSD, but these are not well understood. METHODS We developed a quantitative framework to identify gene expression effects of WF exposure that may affect RSD development. We analyzed gene expression microarray data from WF-exposed tissues and RSD-affected tissues, including chronic bronchitis (CB), asthma (AS), pulmonary edema (PE), lung cancer (LC) datasets. We built disease-gene (diseasome) association networks and identified dysregulated signaling and ontological pathways, and protein-protein interaction sub-network using neighborhood-based benchmarking and multilayer network topology. RESULTS We observed many genes with altered expression in WF-exposed tissues were also among differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RSD tissues; for CB, AS, PE and LC there were 34, 27, 50 and 26 genes respectively. DEG analysis, using disease association networks, pathways, ontological analysis and protein-protein interaction sub-network suggest significant links between WF exposure and the development of CB, AS, PE and LC. CONCLUSIONS Our network-based analysis and investigation of the genetic links of WFs and RSDs confirm a number of genes and gene products are plausible participants in RSD development. Our results are a significant resource to identify causal influences on the development of RSDs, particularly in the context of WF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humayan Kabir Rana
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Green University of Bangladesh, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Rashida Akhtar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Varendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - M Babul Islam
- Department of Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Boshir Ahmed
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Pietro Liò
- Computer Laboratory, The University of Cambridge, 15 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian M W Quinn
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Fazlul Huq
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.
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13
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Whitman MC, Engle EC. Ocular congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs): insights into axon growth and guidance. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:R37-R44. [PMID: 28459979 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the genetics of the paralytic strabismus syndromes known as congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs) is both informing physicians and their patients and broadening our understanding of development of the ocular motor system. Genetic mutations underlying ocular CCDDs alter either motor neuron specification or motor nerve development, and highlight the importance of modulations of cell signaling, cytoskeletal transport, and microtubule dynamics for axon growth and guidance. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of two CCDDs, congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) and Duane retraction syndrome (DRS), and discuss what they have taught us about mechanisms of axon guidance and selective vulnerability. CFEOM presents with congenital ptosis and restricted eye movements, and can be caused by heterozygous missense mutations in the kinesin motor protein KIF21A or in the β-tubulin isotypes TUBB3 or TUBB2B. CFEOM-causing mutations in these genes alter protein function and result in axon growth and guidance defects. DRS presents with inability to abduct one or both eyes. It can be caused by decreased function of several transcription factors critical for abducens motor neuron identity, including MAFB, or by heterozygous missense mutations in CHN1, which encodes α2-chimaerin, a Rac-GAP GTPase that affects cytoskeletal dynamics. Examination of the orbital innervation in mice lacking Mafb has established that the stereotypical misinnervation of the lateral rectus by fibers of the oculomotor nerve in DRS is secondary to absence of the abducens nerve. Studies of a CHN1 mouse model have begun to elucidate mechanisms of selective vulnerability in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Whitman
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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14
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Miao W, Man F, Wu S, Lv B, Wang Z, Xian J, Sabel BA, He H, Jiao Y. Brain Abnormalities in Congenital Fibrosis of the Extraocular Muscles Type 1: A Multimodal MRI Imaging Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133473. [PMID: 26186732 PMCID: PMC4506083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the possible brain structural and functional alterations in congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles type 1 (CFEOM1) patients using multimodal MRI imaging. METHODS T1-weighted, diffusion tensor images and functional MRI data were obtained from 9 KIF21A positive patients and 19 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Voxel based morphometry and tract based spatial statistics were applied to the T1-weighted and diffusion tensor images, respectively. Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations and regional homogeneity were used to process the functional MRI data. We then compared these multimodal characteristics between CFEOM1 patients and healthy controls. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, CFEOM1 patients demonstrated increased grey matter volume in bilateral frontal orbital cortex and in the right temporal pole. No diffusion indices changes were detected, indicating unaffected white matter microstructure. In addition, from resting state functional MRI data, trend of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations increases were noted in the right inferior parietal lobe and in the right frontal cortex, and a trend of ReHo increase (p<0.001 uncorrected) in the left precentral gyrus, left orbital frontal cortex, temporal pole and cingulate gyrus. CONCLUSIONS CFEOM1 patients had structural and functional changes in grey matter, but the white matter was unaffected. These alterations in the brain may be due to the abnormality of extraocular muscles and their innervating nerves. Future studies should consider the possible correlations between brain morphological/functional findings and clinical data, especially pertaining to eye movements, to obtain more precise answers about the role of brain area changes and their functional consequence in CFEOM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyuan Man
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqin Wu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Lv
- China Academy of Telecommunication Research of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenchang Wang
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfang Xian
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bernhard A. Sabel
- State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tongren Eye Centre, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China
- Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Psychology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Huiguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YJ); (HH)
| | - Yonghong Jiao
- Beijing Tongren Eye Centre, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YJ); (HH)
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15
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Human CFEOM1 mutations attenuate KIF21A autoinhibition and cause oculomotor axon stalling. Neuron 2014; 82:334-49. [PMID: 24656932 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ocular motility disorder "Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 1" (CFEOM1) results from heterozygous mutations altering the motor and third coiled-coil stalk of the anterograde kinesin, KIF21A. We demonstrate that Kif21a knockin mice harboring the most common human mutation develop CFEOM. The developing axons of the oculomotor nerve's superior division stall in the proximal nerve; the growth cones enlarge, extend excessive filopodia, and assume random trajectories. Inferior division axons reach the orbit but branch ectopically. We establish a gain-of-function mechanism and find that human motor or stalk mutations attenuate Kif21a autoinhibition, providing in vivo evidence for mammalian kinesin autoregulation. We identify Map1b as a Kif21a-interacting protein and report that Map1b⁻/⁻ mice develop CFEOM. The interaction between Kif21a and Map1b is likely to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of CFEOM1 and highlights a selective vulnerability of the developing oculomotor nerve to perturbations of the axon cytoskeleton.
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16
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Bosley TM, Abu-Amero KK, Oystreck DT. Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2013; 24:398-406. [DOI: 10.1097/icu.0b013e3283645ad6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Franker MAM, Hoogenraad CC. Microtubule-based transport - basic mechanisms, traffic rules and role in neurological pathogenesis. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:2319-29. [PMID: 23729742 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.115030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-based transport is essential for neuronal function because of the large distances that must be traveled by various building blocks and cellular materials. Recent studies in various model systems have unraveled several regulatory mechanisms and traffic rules that control the specificity, directionality and delivery of neuronal cargos. Local microtubule cues, opposing motor activity and cargo-adaptors that regulate motor activity control microtubule-based transport in neurons. Impairment of intracellular transport is detrimental to neurons and has emerged as a common factor in several neurological disorders. Genetic approaches have revealed strong links between intracellular transport processes and the pathogenesis of neurological diseases in both the central and peripheral nervous system. This Commentary highlights recent advances in these areas and discusses the transport defects that are associated with the development of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella A M Franker
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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