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Maglas NNM, Qiang Z, Ali MM, Al-Osta A, Alwarqi MS, Najar M. Natural radioactivity level in Yemen: A systematic review of radiological studies. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 210:111343. [PMID: 38739998 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This paper aimed to conduct a systematic review of 26 published articles from 13 different regions in the Republic of Yemen related to the study of natural radioactivity (NORM) and enhanced artificial radioactivity (TENORM). The study relied on the analysis of various sample types, including air, groundwater, surface water, hot spring water, soil, sand, rocks, building materials, and oil field samples. It also analyzed the study areas, the types of detectors employed, and the study's timeframe. The analytical results raised significant concerns regarding the high levels of radioactivity observed in many of the studied regions. Moreover, some regions indicated the absence of any prior radiological study, despite apparent effects on the population and the environment, which suggest the presence of potential radionuclide concentration. Based on this study, it is strongly recommended that researchers conduct further radiological studies in regions previously studied over extended periods and in areas where no prior radiological studies have been conducted to assess potential radionuclide concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb N M Maglas
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China; Thamar University, Republic of Yemen, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Yemen; National Atomic Energy Commission-Yemen (NATEC), Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Zhao Qiang
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - MohsenM M Ali
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China; National Atomic Energy Commission-Yemen (NATEC), Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Ahmed Al-Osta
- Thamar University, Republic of Yemen, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Yemen
| | - M Salah Alwarqi
- Thamar University, Republic of Yemen, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Yemen
| | - Merouane Najar
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
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Zhao F, Zhao L, Zhong L, Li D, Zheng Y, Jiang Z, Lu C, Zhou P. Radioactivity of inert construction and demolition waste from Hong Kong and environmental assessment for marine trial reclamation in Guanghai Bay. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118735. [PMID: 38518905 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Inert construction and demolition waste from Hong Kong (HK public fills) has been used for marine trial reclamation in the Guanghai Bay (GHWT) of the Chinese Mainland. However, an environmental assessment of HK public fills is necessary due to higher radioactivity in HK soils than typical global levels. Here, radiation dose rate, gamma radionuclides and gross beta of HK public fills were analyzed. The origin information was explored using natural primordial radionuclides as fingerprints. Our data show that radiation dose rate of HK public fills before disposal was 0.14-0.54 (0.33 ± 0.03) μSv/h (n = 16,722 data with 2787 ships) in 2014, which is less than the GHWT background. Monthly detection of 238U, 226Ra, 210Pb, 232Th, 228Th, 40K, and gross beta in HK public fills was conducted on three random ships. Their specific activities were <6.27-155.5, 58.7-98.7, <7.83-238.2,97.9-168.6, 87.1-136.0, 463.1-1,018, and 1047-1658 Bq/kgDW, respectively. These results suggest that the radioactivity levels of HK public fills are essentially the same as the GHWT background. The study assessed potential risks using various indices icluding Raeq (Radium equivalent activity), Hex (External radiation hazard index), Hin (Internal radiation hazard index), Iγ (Gamma index), AUI (Activity utilization index), AUI (Activity utilization index), E (Annual effective dose), AGDE (Annual gonadal dose equivalent), RLI (Representative level index), Din (Indoor air absorbed dose rate), Dout (Outdoor air absorbed dose rate), and ELCR (Excess lifetime cancer risk). The study suggests that HK public fills should be used for the trial reclamation rather than building-house materials. This provides valuable insights for the resource utilization and minimizing environmental pollution of HK public fills. The aim is to offer fundamental technical assistance for future waste resource utilization, ecological protection, and restoration in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- South China Sea Ecological Center of Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Nansha Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, & Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application (MNR), Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Li Zhao
- South China Sea Ecological Center of Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Nansha Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, & Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application (MNR), Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Lifeng Zhong
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- South China Sea Ecological Center of Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Nansha Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, & Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application (MNR), Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Yuanlai Zheng
- South China Sea Ecological Center of Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Nansha Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, & Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application (MNR), Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Zhongchen Jiang
- South China Sea Ecological Center of Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Nansha Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, & Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application (MNR), Guangzhou, 510300, China.
| | - Chuqian Lu
- South China Sea Ecological Center of Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Nansha Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, & Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application (MNR), Guangzhou, 510300, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- South China Sea Ecological Center of Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Nansha Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, & Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application (MNR), Guangzhou, 510300, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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Çetinkaya H, Manisa K, Işık U. RADIOACTIVITY CONTENT OF BUILDING MATERIALS USED IN KUTAHYA PROVINCE, TURKEY. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:167-174. [PMID: 35190836 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radioactivity concentrations of primordial radionuclides Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 for 31 samples of seven different types of construction materials used in Kütahya Province, Turkey, were analyzed using NaI(Tl) gamma spectroscopy. Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 activities of all samples ranged between <2.0 and 81.3 ± 1.5, <1.0 and 24.8 ± 0.5 and <7.8 and 819.1 ± 5.5 Bq kg -1, respectively. Radium equivalent activity and Gamma index of sampled building materials were calculated and presented. All results were found to be below the safety limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Çetinkaya
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya 43100, Turkey
| | - Kaan Manisa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya 43100, Turkey
| | - Ulaş Işık
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya 43100, Turkey
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Saleh EE, Mohammed TM, Hussien MT. Investigation of radiological parameters and their relationship with rock type from Hifan area, Yemen. JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION 2020; 214:106538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Abbasi A, Mirekhtiary SF. Risk assessment due to various terrestrial radionuclides concentrations scenarios. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:179-185. [PMID: 30411992 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1539881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the morbidity excess cancer risk (ECR) due to internal and external exposure to three category levels of natural radionuclides in soil like 238U, 232Th and 40K. Although the exposure rate in soil is low but effect this radiation over time can lead to cancer risk and this risk can be calculated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Natural activity concentration levels of 40K, 238U and 232Th in soil were selected from last reports in three concentration categories including: low, medium and high levels. The excess cancer risks of three concentration levels were calculated by means of RESidual-RADioactivity (RESRAD) code. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The calculated average morbidity ECR from 40K, 238U and 232Th in three concentration categories levels in soil were 1.40 × 10-4, 8.56 × 10-4 and 1.35 × 10-3, respectively. This calculation shows that the excess cancer risk value is the highest value in 100 years' time in all categories. Overall ECR from 40K radionuclide was maximal and the highest exposure pathways was through plant pathway; however, these pathway changes over 60 years to the drinking water pathway. The results of this study may be useful to risk assessment and for decision making for public health protection against high-level radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Abbasi
- a Faculty of Engineering, University of Kyrenia , Girne , Turkey
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Assessment of natural radioactivity in cements used as building materials in Turkey. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-5074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kayakökü H, Karatepe Ş, Doğru M. Measurements of radioactivity and dose assessments in some building materials in Bitlis, Turkey. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 115:172-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abdurabu WA, Ramli AT, Saleh MA, Heryansyah A, Alnhary A, Fadhl S. Terrestrial gamma dose rate, radioactivity and radiological hazards in the rocks of an elevated radiation background in Juban District, Ad Dali' Governorate, Yemen. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2016; 36:163-177. [PMID: 26909670 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/36/1/163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate natural radiation and radioactivity in the rock and to assess the corresponding health risk in a region of elevated background radiation in Juban District, Ad Dali' Governorate, Yemen. The mean external gamma dose rate was 374 nGy h(-1) which is approximately six times the world average. The measured results were used to compute annual effective dose equivalent, collective effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk, which are 2.298 mSv, 61.95 man Sv y(-1) and 8.043 × 10(-3), respectively. Rocks samples from different geological formations were analyzed for quantitative determination of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K. The specific activity of the rocks samples ranges from 7 ± 1 Bq Kg(-1) to 12 513 ± 329 Bq Kg(-1) for (232)Th, from 6 ± 1 Bq kg(-1) to 3089 ± 74 Bq kg(-1) for (226)Ra and 702 ± 69 Bq kg(-1) to 2954 ± 285 Bq kg(-1) for (40)K. (232)Th is the main contributor to gamma dose rate from the rock samples. Indicators of radiological health impact, radium equivalent activity and external hazard index are 3738 Bq kg(-1) and 10.10, respectively. The mean external hazard index was ten times unity in the studied locations in Juban District, which is higher than the recommended value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wedad Ali Abdurabu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johore Bahru, Johore, Malaysia. National Atomic Energy Commission (NATEC), Sana'a, Yemen
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El-Mekawy AF, Badran HM, Seddeek MK, Sharshar T, Elnimr T. Assessment of elemental and NROM/TENORM hazard potential from non-nuclear industries in North Sinai, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:583. [PMID: 26297416 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-nuclear industries use raw materials containing significant levels of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM). The processing of these materials may expose workers engaged in or even people living near such sites to technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM) above the natural background. Inductively coupled plasma and gamma ray spectrometry have been used to determine major and trace elements and radionuclide concentrations in various samples, respectively, in order to investigate the environmental impact of coal mining and cement plant in North Sinai, Egypt. Generally, very little attention was directed to the large volumes of waste generated by either type of industrial activities. Different samples were analyzed including various raw materials, coal, charcoal, Portland and white cement, sludge, and wastes. Coal mine and cement plant workers dealing with waste and kaolin, respectively, are subjected to a relatively high annual effective dose. One of the important finding is the enhancement of all measured elements and radionuclides in the sludge found in coal mine. It may pose an environmental threat because of its large volume and its use as combustion material. The mine environment may have constituted Al, Fe, Cr, and V pollution source for the local area. Higher concentration of Al, Fe, Mn, B, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Sr, V, and TENORM were found in Portland cement and Zn in white cement. Coal has higher concentrations of Al, Fe, B, Co, Cr, and V as well as (226)Ra and (232)Th. The compiled results from the present study and different worldwide investigations demonstrate the obvious unrealistic ranges normally used for (226)Ra and (232)Th activity concentrations in coal and provided ranges for coal, Portland and white cement, gypsum, and limestone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F El-Mekawy
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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Cazula CD, Campos MP, Mazzilli BP. Gamma exposure due to building materials in a residential building at Peruíbe, São Paulo, Brazil. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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