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Sarfo FS, Ovbiagele B. Utilizing Implementation Science to Bridge Cerebrovascular Health Disparities: a Local to Global Perspective. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2022; 22:293-303. [PMID: 35381952 PMCID: PMC9081275 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-022-01193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Stroke is a prime example of a medical disorder whose incidence, prevalence, and outcomes are strongly characterized by health disparities across the globe. This scoping literature review seeks to depict how implementation science could be utilized to advance health equity in the prevention, acute treatment, and post-acute management of stroke in the underserved regions of high-income countries as well as in all low-income countries. RECENT FINDINGS A major reason for the persisting and widening cerebrovascular disease disparities is that evidence-based stroke prevention and treatment interventions have been differentially translated (if at all) to various populations and settings. The field of implementation science is endowed with frameworks, theories, methodological approaches, and outcome measures, including equity indices, which could be harnessed to facilitate the translation of evidence-based interventions into clinical practice for underserved and vulnerable communities. Encouragingly, there are several novel frameworks, which eminently merge implementation science constructs with health equity determinants, thereby opening up key opportunities to bridge burgeoning worldwide gaps in cerebrovascular health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Stephen Sarfo
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana.
- Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Kilani M, Parahoo SK, Yousuf MS, Harvey H, Shalabi M, Al-Kamil E. Family readiness for evidence-based injury prevention and car seat safety in Jordan. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2021; 28:162-166. [PMID: 33550929 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2021.1879164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary prevention involves developing positive health behaviours designed to avert adverse health outcomes, whereas evidence-based primary prevention adopts practices that reduce illness and injury. This study's objective was to determine whether families in Jordan would adopt car safety measures after participating in an evidence-based injury prevention programme. Parents of children attending a regional government hospital in Jordan took part in an evidence-based educational class on child car restraints and car safety, six months later follow-up phone calls were made to see if the parents implemented the knowledge obtained in the class. Fifty families participated in the injury prevention class. The results showed that the evidence-based class on child restraint systems led to the adoption of the three interventions by the parents. At the time of the class 45% of parents allowed their infants to sit in the front seat, in the lap of an adult, this was reduced to 12%, being a 33% reduction. In addition, for children aged 6-12 using a seat belt in the back seat, the parents reported that their children using a seat belt increased from 13% to 70%. Finally, parents who participated were more likely to use a child car seat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Kilani
- The Hashemite University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Sanjai K Parahoo
- Hamdan Bin Mohammad Smart University, School of Business and Quality Management, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mustafa S Yousuf
- The Hashemite University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Heather Harvey
- The Hashemite University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Marwan Shalabi
- The Hashemite University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Eman Al-Kamil
- The Hashemite University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Zarqa, Jordan
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Mensah GA, Riley WT. Social Determinants of Health and Implementation Research: Three Decades of Progress and a Need for Convergence. Ethn Dis 2021; 31:1-4. [PMID: 33519149 PMCID: PMC7843044 DOI: 10.18865/ed.31.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethn Dis. 2021;31(1):1-4
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Mensah
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William T. Riley
- Office of Behavioral and Social Science Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Sterling MR, Echeverria SE, Commodore-Mensah Y, Breland JY, Nunez-Smith M. Health Equity and Implementation Science in Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep-Related Research: Emerging Themes From the 2018 Saunders-Watkins Leadership Workshop. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2019; 12:e005586. [PMID: 31610713 PMCID: PMC6812546 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.119.005586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Disparities in health outcomes for heart, lung, blood, and sleep-related health conditions are pervasive in the United States, with an unequal burden experienced among structurally disadvantaged populations. One reason for this disparity is that despite the existence of effective interventions that promote health equity, few have been translated and implemented consistently in the healthcare system. To achieve health equity, there is a dire need to implement and disseminate effective evidence-based interventions that account for the complex and multilayered social determinants of health among marginalized groups across healthcare settings. To that end, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science invited early stage investigators to participate in the inaugural Saunders-Watkins Leadership Workshop in May of 2018 at the National Institutes of Health. The goals of the workshop were to: (1) present an overview of health equity research, including areas which require ongoing investigation; (2) review how the fields of health equity and implementation science are related; (3) demonstrate how implementation science could be utilized to advance health equity; and (4) foster early stage investigator career success in heart, lung, blood, and sleep-related research. Herein, we highlight key themes from the 2-day workshop and offer recommendations for the future direction of health equity and implementation science research in the context of heart, lung, blood, and sleep-related health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R. Sterling
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Sandra E. Echeverria
- Department of Public Health Education, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC
| | - Yvonne Commodore-Mensah
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jessica Y Breland
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Marcella Nunez-Smith
- Equity Research and Innovation Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Schoenthaler A, Fei K, Ramos MA, Richardson LD, Ogedegbe G, Horowitz CR. Comprehensive examination of the multilevel adverse risk and protective factors for cardiovascular disease among hypertensive African Americans. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:794-803. [PMID: 31125186 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the multilevel factors that contribute to hypertension disparities in 2052 hypertensive African Americans (mean age 52.9 ± 9.9 years; 66.3% female) who participated in a clinical trial. At the family level, participants reported average levels of life chaos and high social support. However, at the individual level, participants exhibited several adverse clinical and behavioral factors including poor blood pressure control (45% of population), obesity (61%), medication non-adherence (48%), smoking (32%), physical inactivity (45%), and poor diet (71%). While participants rated their provider as trustworthy, they reported high levels of discrimination in the health care system. Finally, community-level data indicate that participants reside in areas characterized by poor socio-economic and neighborhood conditions (eg, segregation). In the context of our trial, hypertensive African Americans exhibited several adverse risks and protective factors at multiple levels of influence. Future research should evaluate the impact of these factors on cardiovascular outcomes using a longitudinal design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette Schoenthaler
- Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Kezhen Fei
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Center for Health Equity and Community Engaged Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michelle A Ramos
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Center for Health Equity and Community Engaged Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lynne D Richardson
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Center for Health Equity and Community Engaged Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Gbenga Ogedegbe
- Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Carol R Horowitz
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Center for Health Equity and Community Engaged Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Boyce CA, Barfield W, Curry J, Shero S, Green Parker M, Cox H, Bustillo J, Price LN. Building the Next Generation of Implementation Science Careers to Advance Health Equity. Ethn Dis 2019; 29:77-82. [PMID: 30906153 DOI: 10.18865/ed.29.s1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid advancements in translational research have produced innovative clinical discoveries and evidence-based interventions that are ready for uptake in real-world settings, creating vast opportunities and challenges for implementation science. However, there is an inadequate research workforce to study effective strategies and delivery of implementation to advance the field. Novel career development initiatives will build scholars for the next generation of implementation science to bridge research to practice for diverse populations to advance health equity, specifically with a strategic focus on heart, lung, blood and sleep diseases and conditions. Along with traditional mentoring and curricula, research training includes state-of-the-art approaches using complex methods and multi-disciplinary collaborations between researchers, practice settings, and diverse communities. Implementation science scholars strive not only to decrease the lag time between the discovery of evidence-based interventions and successful implementation but also how to advance health equity and to reduce disparities for underserved populations that suffer disproportionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Anne Boyce
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Whitney Barfield
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jennifer Curry
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Susan Shero
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Melissa Green Parker
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Helen Cox
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jazmin Bustillo
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - LeShawndra N Price
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
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