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Alashek WA, Ali SA. Satisfaction with telemedicine use during COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: a systematic review. Libyan J Med 2024; 19:2301829. [PMID: 38197179 PMCID: PMC10783830 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2024.2301829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Telemedicine became a fundamental part of healthcare provision during COVID-19 pandemic. An evaluation of telemedicine-associated satisfaction helps the service develop more viable applications. This review evaluated the satisfaction of healthcare users and providers and their willingness to use this modality in future.Methods: The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A search on empirical articles published between March 2020 and December 2022 was performed on 'PubMed' and 'Scopus' databases. Findings that reported on satisfaction of patients, families and caregivers as well as clinicians were extracted and analysed. Quality of included studies was assessed. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the review included 27 eligible studies.Results: Data was found from a variety of emergency and non-emergency departments of primary, secondary, and specialised healthcare. Almost all studies were undertaken within the NHS. There were many tools that measured satisfaction. Satisfaction was high among recipients of healthcare, scoring 9-10 on a scale of 0-10 or ranging from 73.3% to 100%. Convenience was rated high in every specialty examined. Satisfaction of clinicians was high throughout the specialities despite connection failure and concerns about confidentiality of information. Nonetheless, studies reported perception of increased barriers to accessing care and inequalities for vulnerable patients especially in older people. In general, willingness to use telemedicine in future was high in the recipients as well as the providers of healthcare.Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic has transformed healthcare in the UK and promoted a revolution in telemedicine applications. Satisfaction was high among both recipient and provider of healthcare. Telemedicine managed to provide a continued care throughout the pandemic while maintaining social distance. The current review presented commendable evidence to encourage different specialities to engage in telemedicine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- WA. Alashek
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - SA. Ali
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Bonnefin A, Balafas A, Simone L, Bedford K, Voukelatos A, Hyde-Page A, Dalao A, Lyons R, Coe D, Wen LM. Pivot to prevent bowel cancer: Reflections on adapting an Aboriginal bowel cancer screening awareness program to a digital call to action-A commentary. Health Promot J Austr 2024; 35:824-828. [PMID: 37675497 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED The Sydney Local Health District (SLHD) Health Promotion Unit was awarded a Cancer Institute NSW grant to raise awareness of bowel cancer and promote the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) among Aboriginal communities in SLHD. The COVID-19 pandemic thwarted initial plans for face-to-face workshops and plans pivoted to digital products and dissemination of messages on a range of communication platforms. DISCUSSION The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic provided staff with the freedom, flexibility, and ability to be creative in ways not possible prior to the pandemic and ultimately ended up with a superior product with a reach further than anticipated. A more comprehensive suite of digital resources addressing barriers to bowel cancer screening in the Aboriginal community was produced that is able to be used more broadly. These resources have reached a much larger population group through websites, social media, as well as TV and radio advertisements, and have the potential to be used and adapted in other local health districts and states across Australia. CONCLUSION Adapting an Aboriginal bowel cancer screening awareness program to a digital platform is a promising approach. SO WHAT?: COVID-19 provided an opportunity to create new long-lasting partnerships and to be creative beyond the scope of the original grant. This in turn produced a product with a reach further than anticipated that can also be built on and sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Bonnefin
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela Balafas
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa Simone
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Bedford
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander Voukelatos
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander Hyde-Page
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Albert Dalao
- Direct Access Colonoscopy, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ricky Lyons
- Aboriginal Health Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel Coe
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Li Ming Wen
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Abdulla FAA, Demirkol A. A novel textile-based UWB patch antenna for breast cancer imaging. Phys Eng Sci Med 2024:10.1007/s13246-024-01409-w. [PMID: 38530575 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-024-01409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women worldwide, and detecting cancer at an early stage increases the survival rate by 97%. In this study, a novel textile-based ultrawideband (UWB) microstrip patch antenna was designed and modeled to work in the 2-11.6 GHz frequency range and a simulation was used to test its performance in early breast cancer detection. The antenna was designed with an overall size of 31*31 mm2 using a denim substrate and 100% metal polyamide-based fabric with copper, silver, and nickel to provide comfort for the wearer. The designed antenna was tested in four numerical breast models. The models ranged from simple tumor-free to complex models with small tumors. The size, structure, and position of the tumor were modified to test the suggested ability of the antenna to detect cancers with different shapes, sizes, and positions. The specific absorption rate (SAR), return loss (S11), and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) were calculated for each model to measure the antenna performance. The simulation results showed that SAR values were between 1.6 and 2 W/g (10 g SAR) and were within the allowed range for medical applications. Additionally, the VSWR remained in an acceptable range from 1.15 to 2. Depending on the size and location of the tumor, the antenna return losses of the four models ranged from - 36 to - 18.5 dB. The effect of bending was tested to determine the flexibility. The antenna proved to be highly effective and capable of detecting small tumors with diameters of up to 2 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aşkin Demirkol
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya, 54100, Turkey
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Barnawi NA, Al-Otaibi H, Alkhudairy AI, Alajlan MA, Alajlan RA, Alay SM, Alqahtani SM, Bushnak IA, Abolfotouh MA. Awareness, Knowledge, Attitude, and Skills (AKAS) of Telemedicine and Its Use by Primary Healthcare Providers. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:1047-1058. [PMID: 38532847 PMCID: PMC10964027 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s452641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine the rate of telemedicine (TM) use and the levels of awareness, knowledge, attitude, and skills of TM among primary healthcare (PHC) providers. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 104 PHC providers were subjected to a validated AKAS scale via Survey Monkey. The tool consists of 4 parameters that users can respond to using a 4-point Likert scale to assess their awareness (12 statements), knowledge (11 statements), attitude (11 statements), and skills (13 statements) on TM. Total and percentage mean scores (PMS) were calculated for each parameter. Participants were categorized in each parameter into three categories: low (≤ 49% score), average (50-70% score), and high (≥ 71% score) levels. The association of AKAS levels with personal characteristics and TM use was investigated. The significance was set at p<0.05. Results One-half of participants (51%) reported current use of TM, and two-thirds (63.5%) reported a high level of AKAS, with a PMS of 72.9±14.7, 95% CI: 70.1-75.7. There were significant associations between the following: years of experience and levels of knowledge (Χ2LT = 6.77, p= 0.009) and skills (Χ2LT = 4.85, p = 0.028), respectively; and total household income and levels of skills (Χ2LT = 6.91, p= 0.009). The rate of TM use was significantly associated with awareness levels (Χ2LT = 6.14, p = 0.013). Lack of training ranked as the first barrier (45.5%), followed by connection problems and tools' unavailability (35.1% each). The participants recommended providing TM training (41.1%) and stabilization of connection and networking signals (30.1%). Conclusion Despite their high level of TM awareness, the rate of TM use by PHC providers is less than satisfactory. Establishing standardized TM training and supporting the network signals are recommended. A large-scale study on the impact of TM integration with PHC services is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla A Barnawi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC)/King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences/Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazza Al-Otaibi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC)/King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences/Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz I Alkhudairy
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alajlan
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Renad A Alajlan
- College of Medicine, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M Alay
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ibraheem A Bushnak
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC)/King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences/Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa A Abolfotouh
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC)/King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences/Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Cuadros DF, Huang Q, Mathenjwa T, Gareta D, Devi C, Musuka G. Unlocking the potential of telehealth in Africa for HIV: opportunities, challenges, and pathways to equitable healthcare delivery. Front Digit Health 2024; 6:1278223. [PMID: 38500968 PMCID: PMC10944905 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2024.1278223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego F. Cuadros
- Digital Epidemiology Laboratory, Digital Futures, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Qian Huang
- Center for Rural Health Research, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Thulile Mathenjwa
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Dickman Gareta
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Chayanika Devi
- Digital Epidemiology Laboratory, Digital Futures, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Godfrey Musuka
- International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Vudathaneni VKP, Lanke RB, Mudaliyar MC, Movva KV, Mounika Kalluri L, Boyapati R. The Impact of Telemedicine and Remote Patient Monitoring on Healthcare Delivery: A Comprehensive Evaluation. Cureus 2024; 16:e55534. [PMID: 38576693 PMCID: PMC10993086 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Telemedicine and remote patient monitoring have emerged as transformative solutions in contemporary healthcare. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of these technologies on healthcare delivery, focusing on patient outcomes, economic parameters, and overall satisfaction. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted in various healthcare facilities, involving 186 participants with chronic diseases. Inclusion criteria included patients actively using telemedicine services. Data collection methods included surveys, interviews, and review of medical records, focusing on patient demographics, clinical outcomes, and economic parameters. The intervention involved a seamless integration of telemedicine technologies into the existing health system. Results Primary outcomes revealed significant improvements in patient health, including a decrease in disease-specific markers (mean reduction of 12,000 to 11,000, p = 0.002), a substantial reduction in severity of symptoms (mean reduction from 3,500 to 2,500, p < 0.001), and a general improvement in health status (mean increase from 7,200 to 8,500, p < 0.001). The savings in healthcare costs were evident, with direct costs decreasing from 25,000 to 12,000 (p < 0.001) and indirect costs decreasing from <10,000 to <5,000 (p = 0.004). Secondary results demonstrated increased patient satisfaction with communication (increase from 80% to 95%, p < 0.001) and convenience of services (increase from 75% to 90%, p < 0.001). Patient satisfaction also increased significantly (from 80% to 95%, p < 0.001). Accessibility to healthcare services improved, with a reduction in geographic barriers (increase from 65% to 90%, p < 0.001) and a decrease in the frequency of healthcare utilization (decrease from 2.5 to 1.5, p < 0.001). Conclusion The study provides robust evidence of the positive impact of telemedicine and remote patient monitoring on healthcare delivery. Significant improvements in patient outcomes, coupled with substantial cost savings and increased satisfaction levels, underscore the transformative potential of these technologies.
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Kwong Lee MY, Beng Goh K, Xiuting Koh D, Jack Chong S, Boon Chua RS. The Telemedicine Demand Index and its Utility in Managing COVID-19 Case Surges. Telemed J E Health 2024; 30:545-555. [PMID: 37540147 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2023.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Telemedicine was an integral component in Singapore's COVID-19 management strategy, having been deployed at a national level in a centrally-administered program whereby patients at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 disease were proactively assigned tele-consultations, whereas those at lower risk and seen by primary care physicians could request ad hoc tele-consultations. To better plan for fluctuations in telemedicine demand during the pandemic, the Telemedicine Demand Index (TDI) was developed. Methods: Three main factors influencing telemedicine demand were considered-characteristics of the Variant of Concern, prevailing health care policies, and the population's healthcare-seeking behaviour-from which 11 coefficients were derived for the TDI formula. The number of tele-consultations demanded is the product of the TDI and the total number of new COVID-19 cases for a given period. Results: Real-world data from January 31 to March 27, 2022 were compared with TDI estimates. A total of 148,485 tele-consultations were conducted against a backdrop of 723,675 new COVID-19 cases for the period. The TDI overestimated demand by an average 11.4%. Data from March 28 to May 1, 2022 were then used to derive new TDI values and applied to a 3-week period starting May 9, 2022, following a policy change. A total of 5,560 tele-consultations were conducted against a backdrop of 77,998 new COVID-19 cases. The TDI underestimated demand by an average of 7.2%. Conclusion: The TDI shows initial promise for quickly estimating telemedicine demand at a population level. By leveraging historical data and applying some informed assumptions, it allows for the estimation of current capabilities and future requirements. There remains scope for more research to refine the TDI's constituent components, as well as its applicability in different population contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Yong Kwong Lee
- c/o Medical Operations and Policy Centre, Crisis Strategy and Operations Group, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - Kie Beng Goh
- c/o Medical Operations and Policy Centre, Crisis Strategy and Operations Group, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - Deanna Xiuting Koh
- c/o Medical Operations and Policy Centre, Crisis Strategy and Operations Group, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - Si Jack Chong
- c/o Medical Operations and Policy Centre, Crisis Strategy and Operations Group, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - Raymond Swee Boon Chua
- c/o Medical Operations and Policy Centre, Crisis Strategy and Operations Group, Ministry of Health, Singapore
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Lagarde M, Papanicolas I, Stacey N. The demand for private telehealth services in low- and middle-income countries: Evidence from South Africa. Soc Sci Med 2024; 354:116570. [PMID: 39002397 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
In low- and middle-income countries, many believe that telehealth services could significantly expand access to doctors by offering remote access at low cost. Yet, despite its convenience, telehealth care is limited by the absence of physical examination, point-of-care testing, or immediate treatment. Hence it is unclear how individuals value such options compared to standard face-to-face care. We study this issue in South Africa with general practitioners who today mostly practice in the private sector and are geographically located in wealthier areas with higher health insurance coverage. We use an incentive-compatible method to elicit robust measures of willingness-to-pay (WTP) for telehealth and face-to-face consultations with general practitioners in a sample of uninsured individuals. We find that only 36% of respondents are willing to pay the prevailing market price for a telehealth consultation. We find average WTP for in-person consultations is only 10% higher than that of telehealth. Additionally, individuals with higher health needs are willing to pay a premium for face-to-face consultations, while others are indifferent. Our findings suggest that private telehealth services are better suited for more minor health needs, but are unlikely to expand access to a majority unless cheaper models are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylene Lagarde
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Papanicolas
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, School of Public Health, Brown University, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Stacey
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom.
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Footman K, Page P, Boydell V, McLaren M, Mudhune S. Adapting to a global pandemic: a qualitative assessment of programmatic responses to COVID-19 in the multi-country Women's Integrated Sexual Health (WISH) programme. Sex Reprod Health Matters 2023; 31:2260174. [PMID: 37830779 PMCID: PMC10578083 DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2023.2260174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruption to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) globally but there is little published evidence on the COVID-19 response of SRHR programmes, or lessons learned through their adaptations. To document the COVID-19 response of a global SRHR programme (the Women's Integrated Sexual Health programme), in-depth interviews were conducted between April and July 2021 with 22 key informants from implementing partners in Sierra Leone, Ethiopia and central or regional offices, the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and the third-party monitoring partner. Framework analysis methods were used. Several rapid COVID-19 adaptations were identified: the development of crisis management and communication teams; increased partnership and engagement with government; reduced contact and risk in service delivery; reformulated community mobilisation; flexible performance management and remote methods of quality assurance; and sharing of learnings alongside the development of new guidance and tools. Throughout the pandemic, the programme was able to continue high-quality service delivery, though equity goals proved more difficult to reach. Challenges included the continually changing environment, competing pressures on governments, burdensome reporting, and staff burnout. The pandemic response was facilitated by prior experience of health emergencies, strong government relationships, a supportive workforce and some pre-existing approaches, tools, and systems. This study has identified important lessons that can inform programming in future crises, including the need for immediate recognition of SRHR as essential, sustained support for staff, use of multiple mechanisms to reach marginalised groups, adequate funding for equity goals, and a better balance between the burden of reporting and accountability needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Footman
- Consultant, Itad, Hove, UK; PhD Student, London School of Economics, London, UK
| | | | - Victoria Boydell
- Consultant, Itad, Hove, UK; Lecturer in Global Public Health, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Megan McLaren
- Evidence and Impact Advisor, MSI Reproductive Choices, London, UK
| | - Sandra Mudhune
- Deputy Director, Evidence and Learning – WISH2ACTION, International Planned Parenthood Federation, Nairobi, Kenya
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Ndejjo R, Kabwama SN, Namale A, Tusubira AK, Wanyana I, Kizito S, Kiwanuka SN, Wanyenze RK. Harnessing digital technology for COVID-19 response in Uganda: lessons and implications for future public health emergencies. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e013288. [PMID: 37793838 PMCID: PMC10551983 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 was one of the greatest disruptors of the 21st century, causing significant morbidity and mortality globally. Countries around the world adopted digital technologies and innovations to support the containment of the pandemic. This study explored the use of digital technology and barriers to its utilisation in responding to COVID-19 and sustaining essential health services in Uganda to inform response to future public health emergencies in low-resource settings. We reviewed published and grey literature on the use of digital technology in Uganda's response from March 2020 to April 2021 and conducted interviews with key informants. We thematically synthesised and summarised information on digital technology use as well as related challenges. During the COVID-19 response, digital technology was used in testing, contact tracing and surveillance, risk communication, supportive supervision and training, and maintenance of essential health services. The challenges with technology use were the disparate digital tools and health information systems leading to duplication of effort; limited access and coverage of digital tools, poor data quality; inaccessibility of data and an inability to support data manipulation, analysis and visualisation. Moreover, the inherent inadequate technology support systems such as poor internet and electricity infrastructure in some areas posed challenges of inequity. The harnessing of technology was key in supporting the COVID-19 response in Uganda. However, gaps existed in access, adoption, harmonisation, evaluation, sustainability and scale up of technology options. These issues should be addressed in preparedness efforts to foster technology adoption and application in public health emergencies with a focus on equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawlance Ndejjo
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Steven Ndugwa Kabwama
- Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alice Namale
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Andrew K Tusubira
- Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Irene Wanyana
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Susan Kizito
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Suzanne N Kiwanuka
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rhoda K Wanyenze
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Alqurashi H, Mohammed R, AlGhanmi AS, Alanazi F. The Perception of Health Care Practitioners Regarding Telemedicine During COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e47065. [PMID: 37768720 PMCID: PMC10540916 DOI: 10.2196/47065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telemedicine is a rapidly evolving field that uses information and communication technology to provide remote health care services, such as diagnosis, treatment, consultation, patient monitoring, and medication delivery. With advancements in technology, telemedicine has become increasingly popular during the COVID-19 lockdown and has expanded beyond remote consultations via telephone or video to include comprehensive and reliable services. The integration of telemedicine platforms can enable patients and health care providers to communicate more efficiently and effectively. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the awareness, knowledge, requirements, and perceptions of health care practitioners in Saudi Arabia during the pandemic health crisis from the end-user perspective. The findings of this study will inform policy makers regarding the sustainability of telemedicine and how it affects the process of provision of health care and improves the patients' journey. METHODS This study adopted a mixed methods design with a quantitative-based cross-sectional design and qualitative interviews to assess the perceptions of various health care professionals working in outpatient departments that have a telemedicine system that was used during the COVID-19 pandemic. For both approaches, ethics approval was obtained, and informed consent forms were signed. In total, 81 completed questionnaires were used in this study. In the second phase, general interviews were conducted with managerial staff and health care professionals to obtain their view of telemedicine services in their hospitals. RESULTS The study revealed that most participants (67/81, 83%) were familiar with telemedicine technology, and the study proved to be statistically significant at P<.05 with a proportion of the participants (52/81, 64%) believing that continuous training was essential for its effective use. The study also found that consultations (55/153, 35.9%) and monitoring patients (35/153, 22.9%) were the major components of telemedicine used by health care professionals, with telephones being the most commonly used mode of interaction with patients (74/117, 63.2%). In addition, 54% (44/81) of the respondents expressed concerns about patient privacy and confidentiality, highlighting this as a major issue. Furthermore, the majority of participants (58/81, 72%) reported the necessity of implementing national standards essential for telemedicine technology in Saudi Arabia. The interviews conducted as part of the study revealed 5 major themes: culture, barriers and difficulties, communication, implementation, and evaluation. These themes highlighted the importance of a culture of acceptance and flexibility, effective communication, and ongoing evaluation of telemedicine technologies in health care systems. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a crucial message with insights into the perceptions and experiences of health care professionals with telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Alqurashi
- Public Health Department, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafiuddin Mohammed
- Health Informatics Department, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany Shlyan AlGhanmi
- Health Informatics Department, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan Alanazi
- Health Informatics Department, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Adekoya OO, Abdulwahab AA, Owhor GA, Okoli EA, Shomuyiwa DO, Maureen OI, Chikezie NC. Digital health: a tool for mitigating health workforce brain drain in Africa. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 45:172. [PMID: 37954439 PMCID: PMC10632176 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.45.172.39670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
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Akintunde TY. Maternal perceived self-efficacy, perceived vulnerability and child health outcome in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria. GLOBAL HEALTH JOURNAL 2023; 7:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.glohj.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2024] Open
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14
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Olufunlayo TF, Ojo OO, Ozoh OB, Agabi OP, Opara CR, Taiwo FT, Fasanmade OA, Okubadejo NU. Telemedicine ready or not? A cross-sectional assessment of telemedicine maturity of federally funded tertiary health institutions in Nigeria. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076221150072. [PMID: 36636728 PMCID: PMC9829877 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221150072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and objective Telemedicine has reinforced its position as a means for the continuity of healthcare services and a cost-effective approach to improving health equity as demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The preparedness of health systems for telemedicine is an indicator of the scalability of their services, especially during catastrophes. We aimed to assess the maturity and preparedness of federally funded tertiary health institutions in Nigeria, to deploy telemedicine as such data are currently lacking and are required to drive improvements in health services delivery. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of thirty randomly selected federally funded tertiary health institutions in Nigeria using the Pan American Health Organization's tool for assessing the maturity level of health institutions to implement telemedicine between 17 September 2020 and 1 September 2021. Descriptive statistics were used for overall maturity levels and non-parametric tests to compare scores for overall maturity and specific Pan American Health Organization domains per region. The level of significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results The response rate was 77.4% (24 of 30 randomly polled federally funded tertiary health institutions responded). Overall, the median telemedicine maturity level was 2.0 (1.75) indicating a beginner level. No significant inter-zonal difference in the median overall maturity level (p = 0.87). The median maturity levels for telemedicine readiness in specific domains were organizational readiness - 2.0 (2.0), processes 1.0 (1.0), digital environment 2.0 (3.0), human resources 2.0 (1.0), regulatory issues - 1.5 (1.0) and expertise 2.0 (2.0); mostly at beginner level, with no inter-zonal differences. Most participating institutions had no initiatives in place for domains of processes and regulatory issues. Conclusions The current telemedicine maturity level of federally funded tertiary health institutions in Nigeria is at the beginner level. This behoves policy-makers to advance the implementation and deployment of telemedicine nationwide as part of digital quality healthcare, to improve health equity and to ensure continuity of healthcare services in the event of another pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope F Olufunlayo
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria,Department of Community Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluwadamilola O Ojo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba,
Lagos, Nigeria,Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria,Oluwadamilola O Ojo, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Obianuju B Ozoh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba,
Lagos, Nigeria,Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Osigwe P Agabi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba,
Lagos, Nigeria,Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Chuks R Opara
- Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Funmilola T Taiwo
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi A Fasanmade
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba,
Lagos, Nigeria,Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Njideka U Okubadejo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba,
Lagos, Nigeria,Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
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15
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Baker V, Mulwa S, Khanyile D, Sarrassat S, O'Donnell D, Piot S, Diogo Y, Arnold G, Cousens S, Cawood C, Birdthistle I. Young people's access to sexual and reproductive health prevention services in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online questionnaire. BMJ Paediatr Open 2023; 7:10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001500. [PMID: 36693683 PMCID: PMC9884573 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The South African government responded swiftly to the first wave of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) with a nationwide lockdown. Initial restrictions from March-July 2020 required people to stay at home unless accessing essential, life-saving services. We sought to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting lockdowns affected young people's access to sexual and reproductive health services in a high-prevalence HIV setting. METHODS We analysed data from a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire conducted with 15-24 year-olds from September-December 2020 in Eastern Cape, South Africa. The questionnaire was promoted through social media platforms. Participants were asked whether and how the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions affected their access to sexual and reproductive health services, through closed-ended and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics using proportions were used to summarise responses, and open text was analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Of 3431 respondents, the proportions reporting 'more difficulty' accessing HIV testing services, HIV self-screening kits, condoms, pre-exposure prophylaxis and antiretroviral treatment since the COVID-19 pandemic were 16.8%, 13.7%, 13.9%, 11% and 7%, respectively. In 796 open-text responses, participants described challenges accessing HIV services due to clinics being overwhelmed and prioritising patients with COVID-19, resulting in young people being turned away. Some were afraid of contracting COVID-19 at or en route to clinics. Others were unable to reach clinics because of restricted transport or financial insecurity. DISCUSSION Young people in Eastern Cape rely on local clinics for services, and large proportions of young males and females faced difficulties or fears accessing clinics during the COVID-19 lockdown. Clinics became overwhelmed or inaccessible, limiting young people's access to sexual and reproductive health services. In high HIV risk contexts, prevention services and tools must be more accessible to young people, outside of clinics and within the communities and spaces that young people can access without fear or cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venetia Baker
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sarah Mulwa
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Sophie Sarrassat
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Sara Piot
- MTV Staying Alive Foundation, London, UK
| | | | | | - Simon Cousens
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Isolde Birdthistle
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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16
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Al Meslamani AZ. Technical and regulatory challenges of digital health implementation in developing countries. J Med Econ 2023; 26:1057-1060. [PMID: 37594521 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2023.2249757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Z Al Meslamani
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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17
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Kim EJ, Moretti ME, Kimathi AM, Chan SY, Wootton R. Use of provider-to-provider telemedicine in Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1028999. [PMID: 36478732 PMCID: PMC9720268 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1028999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 90 percent of countries continue to report COVID-related disruptions to their health systems. The use of telemedicine has been especially common among high-income countries to safely deliver and access health services where enabling infrastructure like broadband connectivity is more widely available than low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The Addis Clinic implements a provider-to-provider (P2P) asynchronous telemedicine model in Kenya. We sought to examine the use of the P2P telemedicine platform during the second year of COVID-19. Methods To assess sustainability, we compared the data for two 12-month calendar periods (period A = year 2020, and period B = year 2021). To examine performance, we compared the data for two different 12-month periods (period C = pandemic period of February 2021 to January 2022, and period D = baseline period of February 2019 to January 2020). Results Sustainability of the P2P telemedicine platform was maintained during the pandemic with increased activity levels from 2,604 cases in 2020 to 3,525 cases in 2021. There was an average of 82 specialists and 5.9 coordinators during 2020, and an average of 81 specialists and 6.0 coordinators during 2021. During 2020, there were 444 cases per coordinator, and 587 cases per coordinator in 2021(P = 0.078). During 2020, there were 32 cases per specialist, and 43 cases per specialist in 2021(P = 0.068). Performance decreased with 99 percent of cases flagged as "answered" during the baseline period (period D), and 75 percent of cases flagged as "answered" during the pandemic period (period C). Conclusion Results suggest that despite a decline in certain sustainability and performance indicators, The Addis Clinic was able to sustain a very high level of activity during the second year of the pandemic, as shown by the continued use of the system. Furthermore, despite some of the infrastructure challenges present in LMICs, the P2P telemedicine platform was a viable option for receiving clinical recommendations from medical experts located remotely. As health systems in LMICs grapple with the effects of the pandemic, it is worthwhile to consider the use of telemedicine to deliver essential health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J. Kim
- The Addis Clinic Inc., Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | | | - Stephen Y. Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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18
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Morris C, Scott RE, Mars M. A Survey of Telemedicine Use by Doctors in District Hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13029. [PMID: 36293608 PMCID: PMC9602563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is anecdotal evidence of informal telemedicine activity in KwaZulu-Natal (KZ-N), South Africa. AIM To determine the current extent of telemedicine in district hospitals in KZ-N; the range of clinical activities and technologies used; additional services needed; current knowledge and practice regarding legal, ethical, and regulatory issues; and the need to formalise telemedicine activities. METHOD A cross-sectional survey of telemedicine use by 143 doctors working at 22 District hospitals in KZ-N. RESULTS Most doctors (96%) participated in some form of telemedicine across a spectrum of disciplines, but more than half did not consider their activities to constitute telemedicine. To meet their needs, doctors have started their own informal services with colleagues, using mostly instant messaging and chat groups (WhatsApp). Some doctors indicated the need to formalise these services and establish additional services. Few doctors were aware of the national telemedicine guidelines and the required written informed consent for telemedicine was seldom obtained. This could have serious legal, regulatory, and ethical implications. CONCLUSIONS Practical clinical and technical guidelines and standard operating procedures need to be developed with the active participation of the clinical workforce. These should encourage innovation and greater use of telemedicine, including the use of instant messaging apps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Morris
- Department of TeleHealth, School of Nursing & Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Richard E. Scott
- Department of TeleHealth, School of Nursing & Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Maurice Mars
- Department of TeleHealth, School of Nursing & Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
- Department of Digital Health Systems, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
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19
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Sayibu M, Chu J, Akintunde TY, Rufai OH, Amosun TS, George-Ufot G. Environmental conditions, mobile digital culture, mobile usability, knowledge of app in COVID-19 risk mitigation: A structural equation model analysis. SMART HEALTH (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 25:100286. [PMID: 35600252 PMCID: PMC9110057 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhl.2022.100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mobile digital culture (MDC) supports individual lives, communities, and real-time organizational surveillance during COVID-19 emergencies. Hence, the study examined the advancement in smart health devices evidence in smartphone apps technologies in surveillance, control, and tracking potential virus areas among high-risk populations. OBJECTIVE The study explored how environmental condition and MDC mediates between knowledge of App and mobile usability in the prevention of COVID-19 infection in high-risk areas. METHODS Using the concept of UTAUT, the study conceptualized that mobile usability, MDC, knowledge of App and environmental condition, are essential for COVID-19 mitigation. A cross-sectional method was adopted through an online survey to assess data from n = 459 mobile users. The association of the study models was appraised through structural equation models (Amos v.24.0). RESULT We found mobile usability, knowledge of App, and MDC were statistically significant to COVID-19 mitigation. Environment condition as mediator had no effect in the study models. However, moderating effect of MDC shows a negative influence on the association between COVID-19 mitigation and knowledge of apps. CONCLUSION Future policies should consider the development of mHealth technology to improve end-user experience. Also, future policies should entail data privacy to reduce the infringement of data collected. This approach will lead to a confidential, high acceptance of usability of mHealth apps infectious disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhideen Sayibu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Jianxun Chu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Tosin Yinka Akintunde
- Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
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20
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Abdalla S, Katz EG, Hartley A, Darmstadt GL. Gender and the impact of COVID-19 on demand for and access to health care: Intersectional analysis of before-and-after data from Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. J Glob Health 2022; 12:05024. [PMID: 35959957 PMCID: PMC9373834 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.05024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global health emergencies can impact men and women differently due to gender norms related to health care and social and economic disruptions. We investigated the intersectionality of gender differences of the impact of COVID-19 on health care access with educational and socio-economic factors in Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. Methods Data were collected by Opinion Research Business International using census data as the sampling frame. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the change in access to health care after the emergence of the pandemic among men and women, stratified by educational level. We also examined the change in demand for various health care services, stratified by self-reported experiences of financial difficulty due to the pandemic. Results Among those reporting a need to seek health care in South Africa, there was a statistically significant decline in the ability to see a health care provider during the pandemic among women, but not among men; this gender gap was more evident in those who did not have post-secondary education (odds ratio (OR) = 0.08, P = 0.041 among women; no change among men) than for those with post-secondary education (OR = 0.20, P = 0.142 among women; OR = 0.50, P = 0.571 among men). South African women financially affected by the pandemic had a significant decline in seeking preventive care during the pandemic (OR = 0.23, P = 0.022). No conclusive effects were noted in Nigeria or Kenya. Conclusions In South Africa, the pandemic and its strict control measures have adversely and disproportionately impacted disadvantaged women, which has implications for the nature of the long-term impact as well as mitigation and preparedness plans.
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21
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Mbunge E, Muchemwa B, Batani J. Are we there yet? Unbundling the potential adoption and integration of telemedicine to improve virtual healthcare services in African health systems. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2022; 3:100152. [PMID: 34901894 PMCID: PMC8648577 DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the attention has now shifted towards universal vaccination to gracefully lift strict COVID-19 restrictions previously imposed to contain the spread of the disease. Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing an exponential increase of infections and deaths coupled with vaccines shortages, personal protective equipment, weak health systems and COVID-19 emerging variants. Some developed countries integrated telemedicine to reduce the impacts of the shortage of healthcare professionals and potentially reduce the risk of exposure, ensuring easy delivery of quality health services while limiting regular physical contact and direct hospitalization. However, the adoption of telemedicine and telehealth is still nascent in many sub-Saharan Africa countries. Therefore, this study reflects on progress made towards the use of telemedicine, virtual health care services, challenges encountered, and proffers ways to address them. We conducted a systematic literature review to synthesise literature on telemedicine in sub-Saharan Africa. The study revealed that telemedicine provides unprecedented benefits such as improving efficiency, effective utilization of healthcare resources, forward triaging, prevention of medical personnel infection, aiding medical students' clinical observation and participation, and assurance of social support for patients. However, the absence of policy on virtual care and political will, cost of sustenance of virtual health care services, inadequate funding, technological and infrastructural barriers, patient and healthcare personnel bias on virtual care and cultural barriers are identified as limiting factors to the adoption of virtual health care in many African health systems. To alleviate some of these barriers, we recommend the development of robust policies and frameworks for virtual health care, the inclusion of virtual care in the medical school curriculum, supporting virtual care research and development, increasing health funding, removing monopolisation of telecommunication services, developing of virtual health solutions that address eccentricities of African health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Mbunge
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Eswatini, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Eswatini,Corresponding author
| | - Benhildah Muchemwa
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Eswatini, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Eswatini
| | - John Batani
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Botho University, Maseru, Lesotho
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22
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Mbunge E, Muchemwa B, Jiyane S, Batani J. Sensors and healthcare 5.0: transformative shift in virtual care through emerging digital health technologies. GLOBAL HEALTH JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.glohj.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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