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Muzembo BA, Kitahara K, Ohno A, Okamoto K, Miyoshi SI. Colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and traveler's diarrhea attack rates among travelers to India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2022; 8:22. [PMID: 36180932 PMCID: PMC9525155 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-022-00179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background India is an attractive destination for travelers. Unfortunately, numerous reports exist on traveler’s diarrhea (TD) and fecal colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) among international travelers visiting India. Here, we systematically reviewed studies published on the acquisition of ESBL-EC and TD attack rates among international visitors to India. Methods Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search was performed using Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and gray literature from 2000 to December 2021, for studies containing data for ESBL-EC acquisition or TD experience related to a trip to India. Random effects models were used to compute the prevalence of ESBL-EC acquisition and TD attack. Results The literature search yielded a total of 5023 records. Of these, 31 met our inclusion criteria for systematic review and only 17 could be meta-analyzed (9 for TD, and 8 for ESBL-EC). The overall pooled attack rate of TD was 39% (95% confidence interval, CI: 25–53%). In studies where travelers' memory was used to diagnose TD, the pooled attack rate of TD was slightly higher (42%, 95% CI: 21–64%) compared to those where TD was objectively documented (33%, 95% CI: 17–49%). There were significant risks to be colonized with ESBL-EC among the travelers who experienced TD. The pooled rate of ESBL-EC colonization was 72% (CI: 67–78%). Most ESBL-EC produced CTX-M-15 enzyme. Furthermore, most of the travelers who acquired ESBL-EC were from highly industrialized countries recruited from travel clinics: Canada (n = 80), Germany (n = 69), Netherlands (n = 20), Sweden (n = 18), Japan (n = 10), Finland (n = 8), USA (n = 7), Spain (n = 5), and Denmark (n = 3). Conclusions TD pooled attack rate and ESBL-EC acquisition among international travelers visiting India were high in this study. However, we cannot make generalizations based upon this TD pooled attack rate for the current situation, due to a lack of current data. Our study highlights that travelers should be advised on TD to ensure that they do not disregard the risk of contracting TD and be better prepared as a result. It also illustrates the importance of international travel in acquiring antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40794-022-00179-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basilua Andre Muzembo
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita Ward, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Kei Kitahara
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita Ward, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan ,Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Ayumu Ohno
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita Ward, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan ,Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Keinosuke Okamoto
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita Ward, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita Ward, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
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Ouyang-Latimer J, Jafri S, VanTassel A, Jiang ZD, Gurleen K, Rodriguez S, Nandy RK, Ramamurthy T, Chatterjee S, McKenzie R, Steffen R, DuPont HL. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial enteropathogens isolated from international travelers to Mexico, Guatemala, and India from 2006 to 2008. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:874-8. [PMID: 21115800 PMCID: PMC3028774 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00739-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence rates of travelers' diarrhea (TD) have remained high for the last 50 years. More recently, there have been increasing recommendations for self-initiated therapy and use of prophylactic drugs for TD. We last examined the in vitro susceptibilities of commonly used antibiotics against TD pathogens in 1997. We now examine 456 enteropathogens isolated from adult travelers to Mexico, India, and Guatemala with diarrhea acquired between 2006 and 2008 to determine changes in susceptibility against 10 different antimicrobials by the agar dilution method. Traditional antibiotics, such as ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and doxycycline, continue to show high levels of resistance. Current first-line antibiotic agents, including fluoroquinolones and azithromycin, showed significantly higher MICs than in our earlier study, and MIC(90) levels were above the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute cutoffs for resistance. There were significant geographical differences in resistance patterns when Central America was compared with India. Entertoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolates showed increased resistance to ciprofloxacin (P = 0.023) and levofloxacin (P = 0.0078) in India compared with Central America. Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) isolates from Central America showed increased resistance to nearly all of the antibiotics tested. Compared to MICs of isolates 10 years prior, there were 4- to 10-fold increases in MIC(90) values for ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and azithromycin for both ETEC and EAEC. There were no significant changes in rifaximin MICs. Rising MICs over time imply the need for continuous surveillance of susceptibility patterns worldwide and geographically specific recommendations in TD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Ouyang-Latimer
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Goa, India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India, Wellesley Medicentre, Kolkata, India, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Syed Jafri
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Goa, India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India, Wellesley Medicentre, Kolkata, India, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Audrey VanTassel
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Goa, India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India, Wellesley Medicentre, Kolkata, India, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhi-Dong Jiang
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Goa, India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India, Wellesley Medicentre, Kolkata, India, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Kaur Gurleen
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Goa, India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India, Wellesley Medicentre, Kolkata, India, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Savio Rodriguez
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Goa, India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India, Wellesley Medicentre, Kolkata, India, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Ranjan K. Nandy
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Goa, India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India, Wellesley Medicentre, Kolkata, India, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Thandavaryan Ramamurthy
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Goa, India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India, Wellesley Medicentre, Kolkata, India, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Santanu Chatterjee
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Goa, India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India, Wellesley Medicentre, Kolkata, India, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Robin McKenzie
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Goa, India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India, Wellesley Medicentre, Kolkata, India, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert Steffen
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Goa, India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India, Wellesley Medicentre, Kolkata, India, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Herbert L. DuPont
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Goa, India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India, Wellesley Medicentre, Kolkata, India, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
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