1
|
Torres MDA, Dax A, Grand I, Vom Berg C, Pinto E, Janssen EML. Lethal and behavioral effects of semi-purified microcystins, Micropeptin and apolar compounds from cyanobacteria on freshwater microcrustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 273:106983. [PMID: 38852545 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The mass proliferation of cyanobacteria, episodes known as blooms, is a concern worldwide. One of the most critical aspects during these blooms is the production of toxic secondary metabolites that are not limited to the four cyanotoxins recognized by the World Health Organization. These metabolites comprise a wide range of structurally diverse compounds that possess bioactive functions. Potential human and ecosystem health risks posed by these metabolites and co-produced mixtures remain largely unknown. We studied acute lethal and sublethal effects measured as impaired mobility on the freshwater microcrustaceans Thamnocephalus platyurus for metabolite mixtures from two cyanobacterial strains, a microcystin (MC) producer and a non-MC producer. Both cyanobacterial extracts, from the MC-producer and non-MC-producer, caused acute toxicity with LC50 (24 h) values of 0.50 and 2.55 mgdw_biomass/mL, respectively, and decreased locomotor activity. Evaluating the contribution of different cyanopeptides revealed that the Micropeptin-K139-dominated fraction from the MC-producer extract contributed significantly to mortality and locomotor impairment of the microcrustaceans, with potential mixture effect with other cyanopeptolins present in this fraction. In the non-MC-producer extract, compounds present in the apolar fraction contributed mainly to mortality, locomotor impairment, and morphological changes in the antennae of the microcrustacean. No lethal or sublethal effects were observed in the fractions dominated by other cyanopetides (Cyanopeptolin 959, Nostoginin BN741). Our findings contribute to the growing body of research indicating that cyanobacterial metabolites beyond traditional cyanotoxins cause detrimental effects. This underscores the importance of toxicological assessments of such compounds, also at sublethal levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Dax
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Grand
- Wasserversorgung Zürich (WVZ), Zürich 8021, Switzerland
| | - Colette Vom Berg
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-260, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth M-L Janssen
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shang J, Zhao M, Yan S. Comprehensive analysis of cyanobacterial secondary metabolites distribution and toxicity in urban water bodies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:173023. [PMID: 38719060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses the increasing concern regarding cyanotoxin contamination of water bodies, highlighting the diversity of these toxins and their potential health implications. Cyanobacteria, which are prevalent in aquatic environments, produce toxic metabolites, raising concerns regarding human exposure and associated health risks, including a potential increase in cancer risk. Although existing research has primarily focused on well-known cyanotoxins, recent technological advancements have revealed numerous unknown cyanotoxins, necessitating a comprehensive assessment of multiple toxin categories. To enhance the cyanotoxin databases, we optimized the CyanoMetDB cyanobacterial secondary metabolites database by incorporating secondary fragmentation patterns using the Mass Frontier fragmentation data prediction software. Water samples from diverse locations in Shanghai were analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Subsequently, the toxicity of cyanobacterial metabolites in the water samples was examined through acute toxicity assays using the crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus. After 24 h of exposure, the semi-lethal concentrations (LC50) of the water samples ranged from 0.31 mg L-1 to 1.78 mg L-1 (MC-LR equivalent concentration). Our findings revealed a critical correlation between the overall concentration of cyanobacterial metabolites and toxicity. The robust framework and insights of this study underscore the need for an inclusive approach to water quality management, emphasizing continuous efforts to refine detection methods and comprehend the broader ecological impact of cyanobacterial blooms on aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Shang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Mengzhe Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Shuwen Yan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arruda RS, Jacinavicius FR, Noyma NP, Drummond E, Barreto DA, da Silva LHS, Huszar VL, Pinto E, Lürling M, Marinho MM. Cyanopeptides occurrence and diversity in a Brazilian tropical reservoir: Exploring relationships with water quality. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124051. [PMID: 38688388 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are a class of toxic secondary metabolites produced by some cyanobacteria strains that endanger aquatic and terrestrial organisms in various freshwater systems. Although patterns in MC occurrence are being recognized, divergences in the global data still hamper our ability to predict the toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms. This study aimed (i) to determine the dynamics of MCs and other cyanopeptides in a tropical reservoir, (ii) to investigate the correlation between peptides and potential cyanotoxin producers (iii) identifying the possible abiotic factors that influence the peptides. We analyzed, monthly, eight MC variants (MC-RR, -LA, -LF, -LR, -LW, -YR, [D-Asp3]-RR and [D-Asp3]-LR) and other peptides in 47 water samples collected monthly, all season long, from two sampling sites in a tropical eutrophic freshwater reservoir, in southeastern Brazil. The cyanopeptides were assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The biomass of potential cyanobacterial producers and water quality variables were measured. MCs were detected in both sampling sites year-round; the total MC concentration varied from 0.21 to 4.04 μg L-1, and three MC variants were identified and quantified (MC-RR, [D-Asp3]-RR, -LR). Additionally, we identified 28 compounds belonging to three other cyanopeptide classes: aeruginosin, microginin, and cyanopeptolin. As potential MC producers, Microcystis spp. and Dolichospermum circinalis were dominant during the study, representing up to 75% of the total phytoplankton. Correlational and redundancy analysis suggested positive effects of dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and total phosphorus on MC and microginins concentration, while water temperature appeared to favor aeruginosins. A comparison between our results and historical data showed a reduction in total phosphorus and cyanobacteria, suggesting increased water quality in the reservoir. However, the current MC concentrations indicate a rise in cyanobacterial toxicity over the last eight years. Moreover, our study underscores the pressing need to explore cyanopeptides other than MCs in tropical aquatic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Silva Arruda
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Rios Jacinavicius
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580 - Bloco 17, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Natália Pessoa Noyma
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Erick Drummond
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Davi Almeida Barreto
- Laboratory of Phycology, National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, CEP, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Sampaio da Silva
- Laboratory of Phycology, National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, CEP, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Huszar
- Laboratory of Phycology, National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, CEP, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 303, São Dimas, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcelo Manzi Marinho
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He Z, Chen Y, Gao J, Xu Y, Zhou X, Yang R, Geng R, Li R, Yu G. Comparative toxicology of algal cell extracts and pure cyanotoxins: insights into toxic effects and mechanisms of harmful cyanobacteria Raphidiopsis raciborskii. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 135:102635. [PMID: 38830716 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Ongoing research on cyanotoxins, driven by the socioeconomic impact of harmful algal blooms, emphasizes the critical necessity of elucidating the toxicological profiles of algal cell extracts and pure toxins. This study comprehensively compares Raphidiopsis raciborskii dissolved extract (RDE) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN) based on Daphnia magna assays. Both RDE and CYN target vital organs and disrupt reproduction, development, and digestion, thereby causing acute and chronic toxicity. Disturbances in locomotion, reduced behavioral activity, and weakened swimming capability in D. magna have also been reported for both RDE and CYN, indicating the insufficiency of conventional toxicity evaluation parameters for distinguishing between the toxic effects of algal extracts and pure cyanotoxins. Additionally, chemical profiling revealed the presence of highly active tryptophan-, humic acid-, and fulvic acid-like fluorescence compounds in the RDE, along with the active constituents of CYN, within a 15-day period, demonstrating the chemical complexity and dynamics of the RDE. Transcriptomics was used to further elucidate the distinct molecular mechanisms of RDE and CYN. They act diversely in terms of cytotoxicity, involving oxidative stress and response, protein content, and energy metabolism, and demonstrate distinct modes of action in neurofunctions. In essence, this study underscores the distinct toxicity mechanisms of RDE and CYN and emphasizes the necessity for context- and objective-specific toxicity assessments, advocating nuanced approaches to evaluate the ecological and health implications of cyanotoxins, thereby contributing to the precision of environmental risk assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshi He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Youxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jin Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yewei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xinya Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruozhen Geng
- Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Taihu Basin & East China Sea Ecological Environment Supervision and Administration Bureau, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Shanghai 200125, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Renhui Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Gongliang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bownik A, Pawlik-Skowrońska B, Wlodkowic D, Mieczan T. Interactive effects of cyanobacterial metabolites aeruginosin-98B, anabaenopeptin-B and cylindrospermopsin on physiological parameters and novel in vivo fluorescent indicators in Chironomus aprilinus larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169846. [PMID: 38185144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effects of single cyanobacterial metabolites aeruginosin-B (AER-B), anabaenopeptin-B (ANA-B), cylindrospermopsin (CYL), their binary and ternary mixtures on biomarkers of Chironomus aprilinus larvae: oxygen consumption, fat body structure and two novel fluorescent indicators: imaging of nuclei in cells of body integument, and the catecholamine level. The obtained results showed that oxygen consumption was inhibited by single tested cyanobacterial metabolites except for ANA-B at the lowest concentration (250 μg/L). Although the mixtures of the metabolites inhibited oxygen consumption with antagonistic interactions between the components stimulation was noted in the group exposed to the lowest concentrations of AER-B + CYL (125 μg/L + 125 μg/L, respectively) and the ternary mixture of AER-B + ANA-B + CYL (83.3 μg/L + 83.3 μg/L + 83.3 μg/L, respectively). In vivo fluorescent staining with Hoechst 34580 showed that single AER-B had lower cytotoxic potential on body integument cells than ANA-B and CYL and most binary mixtures except for AER-B + CYL induced synergistic toxicity. Catecholamine level was decreased in animals exposed to single metabolites, their binary and ternary mixtures; however, the interactions between the components in the ternary mixture were antagonistic. Fat body was found to be disrupted in the larvae exposed to single metabolites and their combinations. Antagonistic toxic interactions between the oligopeptide components were found in most binary and the ternary mixtures; however, synergistic effect was noted in the binary mixture of AER-B + CYL. The results suggest that in natural conditions Chironomus larvae and possibly other benthic invertebrates may be affected by cyanobacterial metabolites, however various components and in mixtures and their concentrations may determine varied physiological effects and diverse interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bownik
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pawlik-Skowrońska
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotox Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Plenty Road, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Tomasz Mieczan
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Entfellner E, Baumann KBL, Edwards C, Kurmayer R. High Structural Diversity of Aeruginosins in Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria of the Genus Planktothrix as a Consequence of Multiple Recombination Events. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:638. [PMID: 38132959 PMCID: PMC10744761 DOI: 10.3390/md21120638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Many compounds produced by cyanobacteria act as serine protease inhibitors, such as the tetrapeptides aeruginosins (Aer), which are found widely distributed. The structural diversity of Aer is intriguingly high. However, the genetic basis of this remains elusive. In this study, we explored the genetic basis of Aer synthesis among the filamentous cyanobacteria Planktothrix spp. In total, 124 strains, isolated from diverse freshwater waterbodies, have been compared regarding variability within Aer biosynthesis genes and the consequences for structural diversity. The high structural variability could be explained by various recombination processes affecting Aer synthesis, above all, the acquisition of accessory enzymes involved in post synthesis modification of the Aer peptide (e.g., halogenases, glycosyltransferases, sulfotransferases) as well as a large-range recombination of Aer biosynthesis genes, probably transferred from the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis. The Aer structural composition differed between evolutionary Planktothrix lineages, adapted to either shallow or deep waterbodies of the temperate climatic zone. Thus, for the first time among bloom-forming cyanobacteria, chemical diversification of a peptide family related to eco-evolutionary diversification has been described. It is concluded that various Aer peptides resulting from the recombination event act in chemical defense, possibly as a replacement for microcystins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Entfellner
- Research Department for Limnology, Universität Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria; (E.E.); (K.B.L.B.)
| | - Kathrin B. L. Baumann
- Research Department for Limnology, Universität Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria; (E.E.); (K.B.L.B.)
| | - Christine Edwards
- CyanoSol Research Group, Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK;
| | - Rainer Kurmayer
- Research Department for Limnology, Universität Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria; (E.E.); (K.B.L.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pawlik-Skowrońska B, Bownik A, Pogorzelec M, Kulczycka J, Sumińska A. First report on adverse effects of cyanobacterial anabaenopeptins, aeruginosins, microginin and their mixtures with microcystin and cylindrospermopsin on aquatic plant physiology: An experimental approach. Toxicon 2023; 236:107333. [PMID: 37951248 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria produce a variety of oligopeptides beyond microcystins and other metabolites. Their biological activities are not fully recognized especially to aquatic plants. Acute toxicity tests on Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna minor exposed to a range of concentrations of cyanobacterial metabolites: anabaenopeptins (ANA-A, ANA-B), aeruginosins 98 (Aer-A, Aer-B), microginin-FR1 (MG-FR1), microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and cylindrospermopsin (Cyl) were carried out to compare their influence on plant physiology. Effects of their binary mixtures were determined by isobole approach and calculation of the combination index (CI) that indicates a type of metabolites' interaction. Cyclic oligopeptides microcystin-LR and anabaenopeptin-A revealed the strongest inhibition of S. polyrhiza growth while other metabolites appeared less toxic. Oxygen evolution was inhibited by Cyl, MC-LR, ANA-A, ANA-B, while both variants of aeruginosins and MG-FR1 did not affect this process. Photosynthetic pigments' contents decreased in S. polyrhiza exposed to ANA-A and Cyl, while MC-LR and Aer-A caused their slight increase. 96 h-EC50 values showed that the growth of L. minor was more sensitive to MC-LR, ANA-A, MG-FR1 and Cyl than the growth of S. polyrhiza. In S. polyrhiza synergistic effects of all the binary mixtures of peptides with MC-LR on oxygen evolution were observed, while antagonistic one on the growth of S. polyrhiza exposed to the mixtures with aeruginosins and ANA-A. The mixtures of MC-LR and MG-FR1 with cylindrospermopsin revealed synergistic effects on the growth but antagonistic one to the O2 evolution. Quadruple mixtures (ANA-A + MC-LR + MG-FR1+Cyl) did not reveal any inhibitive effect on the plant growth and very slight on the oxygen evolution, irrespectively of their total concentrations. Various effects caused by ANA-A and ANA-B suggest the importance of molecule structures of metabolites for toxicity. Composition of the mixtures of cyanobacterial metabolites was essential for the observed effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pawlik-Skowrońska
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzanskiego 37, 20-262, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Adam Bownik
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzanskiego 37, 20-262, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pogorzelec
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzanskiego 37, 20-262, Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Kulczycka
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzanskiego 37, 20-262, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sumińska
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzanskiego 37, 20-262, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bownik A, Adamczuk M, Skowrońska BP. Effects of cyanobacterial metabolites: Aeruginosin 98A, microginin-FR1, anabaenopeptin-A, cylindrospermopsin in binary and quadruple mixtures on the survival and oxidative stress biomarkers of Daphnia magna. Toxicon 2023; 229:107137. [PMID: 37121403 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine the effects of aeruginosin 98 A (ARE-A), microginin-FR1 (MG-FR1), anabaenopeptin-A (ANA-A) cylindrospermopsin (CYL) and their binary and quadruple mixtures on the survival and the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in Daphnia magna: total glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The biochemical indicators were measured with ELISA kits and the interactive effects were determined by isobole and polygonal analysis with Compusyn® computer software. The study revealed that oligopeptides did not decrease daphnid survival, only CYL inhibited this parameter, with synergistic effects when it was used as a component. The single metabolites at the two highest concentrations and all the binary and quadruple mixtures at all concentrations diminished GSH level, however both in the binary and in the quadruple mixtures most of the interactions between the metabolites were antagonistic. Nearly additive effects were found only in AER-A + CYL and MG-FR1+CYL. On the other hand, CAT activity was slightly increased in daphnids exposed to the binary mixtures with antagonistic interactions, however nearly addivive effects were found in animals exposed to the mixture of AER-A + ANA-A and synergistic in the quadruple mixture. SOD was elevated in daphnids exposed to single AER-A and MG-FR1, however it was diminished in the animals exposed to ANA-A and CYL. Binary mixtures in which CYL was present as a component decreased the level of this enzyme with nearly additive interactions in ANA-A + CYL. The quadruple mixture increased SOD level, with antagonistic interactions. Both single cyanobacterial metabolites, their binary and quadruple mixtures induced lipid peroxidation measured by MDA level and most of interactions in the binary mixtures were synergistic. The study suggested that antioxidative system of Daphnia magna responded to the tested metabolites and the real exposure to mixtures of these products may lead to various interactive effects with varied total toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bownik
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Adamczuk
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Pawlik Skowrońska
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nathane Nunes de Freitas P, Kinoshita Teramoto K, Ossanes de Souza A, Pinto E. Evaluation of the Toxicity of Microcyclamide Produced by Microcystis aeruginosa in Danio rerio Embryos. TOXICS 2023; 11:128. [PMID: 36851003 PMCID: PMC9967757 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The genus of cyanobacteria Microcystis is one of the most recurrent in blooms and is associated with the hepatotoxin microcystin production. In addition to cyanotoxins, these bacteria produce a wide range of secondary metabolites with a wide repertoire of activities. The co-occurrence of cyanotoxins and other cyanopeptides during blooming is quite common, and the negative effects are not always limited to one class of toxins, which makes it essential to investigate the toxicity of the other compounds individually. The objective of this study was to isolate the cyanopeptide microcyclamide produced by the strain Microcystis aeruginosa LTPNA 08 by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry with a quadrupole-time-of-flight analyzer (LC-HR-QTOF-MS/MS) and to evaluate its acute toxicity in embryos of Danio rerio through the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) assay. The fraction containing microcyclamide (95% purity) caused lethality in 62% of the embryos after 96 h exposure (50 µg mL-1), with evidence of cardiotoxicity (cardiac edema). The calculated LC50 value was 42.98 µg mL-1 (with a concentration range of 37.79-48.89 µg mL-1). The characterization of the secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria and the investigation of the toxicity of these compounds individually are essential for the identification of the substances responsible for negative effects on living organisms and on the ecosystem, in addition to assisting in the development of risk management policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Nathane Nunes de Freitas
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
- Nuclear Energy in Agriculture Center, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13416-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ernani Pinto
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
- Nuclear Energy in Agriculture Center, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13416-000, Brazil
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schwarzenberger A. Negative Effects of Cyanotoxins and Adaptative Responses of Daphnia. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110770. [PMID: 36356020 PMCID: PMC9694520 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The plethora of cyanobacterial toxins are an enormous threat to whole ecosystems and humans. Due to eutrophication and increases in lake temperatures from global warming, changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins and selection of few highly toxic species/ strains are likely. Globally, one of the most important grazers that controls cyanobacterial blooms is Daphnia, a freshwater model organism in ecology and (eco)toxicology. Daphnia-cyanobacteria interactions have been studied extensively, often focusing on the interference of filamentous cyanobacteria with Daphnia's filtering apparatus, or on different nutritional constraints (the lack of essential amino acids or lipids) and grazer toxicity. For a long time, this toxicity only referred to microcystins. Currently, the focus shifts toward other deleterious cyanotoxins. Still, less than 10% of the total scientific output deals with cyanotoxins that are not microcystins; although these other cyanotoxins can occur just as frequently and at similar concentrations as microcystins in surface water. This review discusses the effects of different cyanobacterial toxins (hepatotoxins, digestive inhibitors, neurotoxins, and cytotoxins) on Daphnia and provides an elaborate and up-to-date overview of specific responses and adaptations of Daphnia. Furthermore, scenarios of what we can expect for the future of Daphnia-cyanobacteria interactions are described by comprising anthropogenic threats that might further increase toxin stress in Daphnia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schwarzenberger
- Limnological Institute, University Konstanz, Mainaustr. 252, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Entfellner E, Li R, Jiang Y, Ru J, Blom J, Deng L, Kurmayer R. Toxic/Bioactive Peptide Synthesis Genes Rearranged by Insertion Sequence Elements Among the Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria Planktothrix. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:901762. [PMID: 35966708 PMCID: PMC9366434 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.901762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been generally hypothesized that mobile elements can induce genomic rearrangements and influence the distribution and functionality of toxic/bioactive peptide synthesis pathways in microbes. In this study, we performed in depth genomic analysis by completing the genomes of 13 phylogenetically diverse strains of the bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacteria Planktothrix spp. to investigate the role of insertion sequence (IS) elements in seven pathways. Chromosome size varied from 4.7–4.8 Mbp (phylogenetic Lineage 1 of P. agardhii/P. rubescens thriving in shallow waterbodies) to 5.4–5.6 Mbp (Lineage 2 of P. agardhii/P. rubescens thriving in deeper physically stratified lakes and reservoirs) and 6.3–6.6 Mbp (Lineage 3, P. pseudagardhii/P. tepida including planktic and benthic ecotypes). Although the variation in chromosome size was positively related to the proportion of IS elements (1.1–3.7% on chromosome), quantitatively, IS elements and other paralogs only had a minor share in chromosome size variation. Thus, the major part of genomic variation must have resulted from gene loss processes (ancestor of Lineages 1 and 2) and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Six of seven peptide synthesis gene clusters were found located on the chromosome and occurred already in the ancestor of P. agardhii/P. rubescens, and became partly lost during evolution of Lineage 1. In general, no increased IS element frequency in the vicinity of peptide synthesis gene clusters was observed. We found a higher proportion of IS elements in ten breaking regions related to chromosomal rearrangements and a tendency for colocalization of toxic/bioactive peptide synthesis gene clusters on the chromosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruibao Li
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Jiang
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jinlong Ru
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Li Deng
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Kurmayer
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
- *Correspondence: Rainer Kurmayer,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pawlik-Skowrońska B, Bownik A. Synergistic toxicity of some cyanobacterial oligopeptides to physiological activities of Daphnia magna (Crustacea). Toxicon 2021; 206:74-84. [PMID: 34942216 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Anabaenopeptins and microcystins are oligopeptides produced by bloom-forming cyanobacteria. We determined in vivo effects of anabaenopeptin-B (AN-B) and two variants of microcystins of different hydrophobicity (MC-LR and MC-LF) on the physiology of Daphnia magna. Heart rate, thoracic limb activity and post-abdominal claw activity were determined by digital video analysis and oxygen consumption by Oxygraph + system. EC50 calculation and isobole methodology for interactive effects of AN-B and MC-LR mixture were used. Daphnids' responses to all three oligopeptides were concentration- and time-dependent. MC-LF was the most potent inhibitor of heart rate, thoracic limb activity, post-abdominal claw activity and oxygen consumption. AN-B was more toxic than MC-LR toward oxygen consumption; it inhibited the movements of limbs and post-abdominal claw similarly to MC-LR, but did not inhibit heart rate. The strongest toxic effects were induced by the binary mixture of AN-B with MC-LR at the sum concentration equal to the concentration of the single compounds. First time direct synergistic toxic effects of the cyanopeptides on all the physiological parameters were found. The obtained results explain stronger disturbances in aquatic organisms caused by cyanobacterial cell contents than the individual cyanopeptides present even at higher concentrations. Other metabolites and their interactions need further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pawlik-Skowrońska
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Adam Bownik
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zervou SK, Moschandreou K, Paraskevopoulou A, Christophoridis C, Grigoriadou E, Kaloudis T, Triantis TM, Tsiaoussi V, Hiskia A. Cyanobacterial Toxins and Peptides in Lake Vegoritis, Greece. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13060394. [PMID: 34205997 PMCID: PMC8230288 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanotoxins (CTs) produced by cyanobacteria in surface freshwater are a major threat for public health and aquatic ecosystems. Cyanobacteria can also produce a wide variety of other understudied bioactive metabolites such as oligopeptides microginins (MGs), aeruginosins (AERs), aeruginosamides (AEGs) and anabaenopeptins (APs). This study reports on the co-occurrence of CTs and cyanopeptides (CPs) in Lake Vegoritis, Greece and presents their variant-specific profiles obtained during 3-years of monitoring (2018–2020). Fifteen CTs (cylindrospermopsin (CYN), anatoxin (ATX), nodularin (NOD), and 12 microcystins (MCs)) and ten CPs (3 APs, 4 MGs, 2 AERs and aeruginosamide (AEG A)) were targeted using an extended and validated LC-MS/MS protocol for the simultaneous determination of multi-class CTs and CPs. Results showed the presence of MCs (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR, dmMC-LR, dmMC-RR, MC-HtyR, and MC-HilR) and CYN at concentrations of <1 μg/L, with MC-LR (79%) and CYN (71%) being the most frequently occurring. Anabaenopeptins B (AP B) and F (AP F) were detected in almost all samples and microginin T1 (MG T1) was the most abundant CP, reaching 47.0 μg/L. This is the first report of the co-occurrence of CTs and CPs in Lake Vegoritis, which is used for irrigation, fishing and recreational activities. The findings support the need for further investigations of the occurrence of CTs and the less studied cyanobacterial metabolites in lakes, to promote risk assessment with relevance to human exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevasti-Kiriaki Zervou
- Laboratory of Photo-Catalytic Processes and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Grigoriou E & 27 Neapoleos Str, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece; (S.-K.Z.); (A.P.); (C.C.); (T.K.); (T.M.T.)
| | - Kimon Moschandreou
- The Goulandris Natural History Museum—Greek Biotope/Wetland Centre, 14th km Thessaloniki-Mihaniona, Thermi P.O. Box 60394, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Aikaterina Paraskevopoulou
- Laboratory of Photo-Catalytic Processes and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Grigoriou E & 27 Neapoleos Str, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece; (S.-K.Z.); (A.P.); (C.C.); (T.K.); (T.M.T.)
| | - Christophoros Christophoridis
- Laboratory of Photo-Catalytic Processes and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Grigoriou E & 27 Neapoleos Str, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece; (S.-K.Z.); (A.P.); (C.C.); (T.K.); (T.M.T.)
| | - Elpida Grigoriadou
- Water Resources Management Agency of West Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Decentralized Administration of Epirus—Western Macedonia, Greece;
| | - Triantafyllos Kaloudis
- Laboratory of Photo-Catalytic Processes and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Grigoriou E & 27 Neapoleos Str, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece; (S.-K.Z.); (A.P.); (C.C.); (T.K.); (T.M.T.)
| | - Theodoros M. Triantis
- Laboratory of Photo-Catalytic Processes and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Grigoriou E & 27 Neapoleos Str, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece; (S.-K.Z.); (A.P.); (C.C.); (T.K.); (T.M.T.)
| | - Vasiliki Tsiaoussi
- The Goulandris Natural History Museum—Greek Biotope/Wetland Centre, 14th km Thessaloniki-Mihaniona, Thermi P.O. Box 60394, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Anastasia Hiskia
- Laboratory of Photo-Catalytic Processes and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Grigoriou E & 27 Neapoleos Str, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece; (S.-K.Z.); (A.P.); (C.C.); (T.K.); (T.M.T.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schwarzenberger A, Ilić M, Von Elert E. Daphnia populations are similar but not identical in tolerance to different protease inhibitors. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 106:102062. [PMID: 34154785 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms often produce different classes and chemical variants of toxins such as dietary protease inhibitors (PIs) that affect the keystone grazer Daphnia. However, it has been shown that Daphnia populations are able to locally adapt to frequently occurring dietary PIs by modulating their digestive proteases. Up until now, local adaptation has exclusively been tested by making use of single cyanobacterial strains and by measuring average population tolerance. In contrast, we measured juvenile somatic growth rates and egg numbers of several individual clones per each of three different D. magna populations that have previously been found to be either tolerant or sensitive to the Microcystis strain BM25. Clones from the three D. magna populations were either treated with BM25 that produces three different protease inhibitor variants of the class of Ahp-cyclodepsipeptides or another Microcystis strain that produces two other Ahp-cyclodepsipeptide variants. Subsequently, the population growth was calculated as mean of the single-clone growth rates. Both tolerant populations (which originate from ponds with a cyanobacterial history) proved to be similarly tolerant to both Microcystis strains. However, single genotypes of the populations differed in their response to the different strains. Both the tolerant and the sensitive populations contained both sensitive and tolerant genotypes but in different proportions. Furthermore, the genotypes from the sensitive population showed a higher variance in response to one or both strains. Trade-offs between somatic growth rate and clutch size were found in one of the tolerant populations that originated from a pond where cyanobacteria were frequent in the past but completely absent since the pond's restoration. Because of those intra-population difference, we conclude that the tolerant populations were putatively selected by different Ahp-cyclodepsipeptide variants in the past and that all populations still possess the potential to adapt to other environmental conditions by genotype frequency shifts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schwarzenberger
- University of Konstanz, Limnological Institute, Mainaustraße 252, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Maja Ilić
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, 19 Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Von Elert
- University of Cologne, Institute for Zoology, Zülpicherstraße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Santos AA, Soldatou S, de Magalhães VF, Azevedo SMFO, Camacho-Muñoz D, Lawton LA, Edwards C. Degradation of Multiple Peptides by Microcystin-Degrader Paucibacter toxinivorans (2C20). Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:265. [PMID: 33917728 PMCID: PMC8068134 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since conventional drinking water treatments applied in different countries are inefficient at eliminating potentially toxic cyanobacterial peptides, a number of bacteria have been studied as an alternative to biological filters for the removal of microcystins (MCs). Here, we evaluated the degradation of not only MCs variants (-LR/DM-LR/-RR/-LF/-YR), but also non-MCs peptides (anabaenopeptins A/B, aerucyclamides A/D) by Paucibactertoxinivorans over 7 days. We also evaluated the degradation rate of MC-LR in a peptide mix, with all peptides tested, and in the presence of M. aeruginosa crude extract. Furthermore, biodegradation was assessed for non-cyanobacterial peptides with different chemical structures, such as cyclosporin A, (Glu1)-fibrinopeptide-B, leucine-enkephalin, and oxytocin. When cyanopeptides were individually added, P. toxinivorans degraded them (99%) over 7 days, except for MC-LR and -RR, which decreased by about 85 and 90%, respectively. The degradation rate of MC-LR decreased in the peptide mix compared to an individual compound, however, in the presence of the Microcystis extract, it was degraded considerably faster (3 days). It was noted that biodegradation rates decreased in the mix for all MCs while non-MCs peptides were immediately degraded. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS allowed us to identify two linear biodegradation products for MC-LR and MC-YR, and one for MC-LF. Furthermore, P. toxinivorans demonstrated complete degradation of non-cyanobacterial peptides, with the exception of oxytocin, where around 50% remained after 7 days. Thus, although P. toxinivorans was previously identified as a MC-degrader, it also degrades a wide range of peptides under a range of conditions, which could be optimized as a potential biological tool for water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan A. Santos
- Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 373 Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil; (V.F.d.M.); (S.M.F.O.A.)
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, The Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; (S.S.); (D.C.-M.); (L.A.L.); (C.E.)
| | - Sylvia Soldatou
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, The Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; (S.S.); (D.C.-M.); (L.A.L.); (C.E.)
| | - Valeria Freitas de Magalhães
- Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 373 Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil; (V.F.d.M.); (S.M.F.O.A.)
| | - Sandra M. F. O. Azevedo
- Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 373 Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil; (V.F.d.M.); (S.M.F.O.A.)
| | - Dolores Camacho-Muñoz
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, The Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; (S.S.); (D.C.-M.); (L.A.L.); (C.E.)
| | - Linda A. Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, The Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; (S.S.); (D.C.-M.); (L.A.L.); (C.E.)
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, The Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; (S.S.); (D.C.-M.); (L.A.L.); (C.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Šrédlová K, Šilhavecká S, Linhartová L, Semerád J, Michalíková K, Pivokonský M, Cajthaml T. The sensitivity of multiple ecotoxicological assays for evaluating Microcystis aeruginosa cellular algal organic matter and contribution of cyanotoxins to the toxicity. Toxicon 2021; 195:69-77. [PMID: 33711366 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria and algae released during algal blooms often exhibit toxic effects, but only a small number of the metabolites are the subject of routine analytical screenings. Alternatively, ecotoxicological assays offer a better representation of the overall negative effects. The aim of this work was to compare multiple assays in their sensitivity towards cellular algal organic matter (COM) of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Multiple endpoints were investigated: mortality, growth inhibition, bioluminescence inhibition, genotoxicity, endocrine-disrupting effects, oxidative stress, and the induction of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD). Three rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cell lines as well as representatives of bacteria, yeasts, algae, vascular plants, and crustaceans were employed, and the results were expressed per mg of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the COM. M. aeruginosa COM was toxic to the RTgill-W1, RTG-2, and RTL-W1 cell lines (EC50 values ranging from 0.48 ± 0.02 to 1.9 ± 0.1 mgDOC/L), to the crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus (LC50 = 20 ± 1 mgDOC/L), and to Lepidium sativum (IC50 = 241 ± 13 mgDOC/L). In contrast, no effect was observed for bacteria and yeasts, and the growth of the alga Desmodesmus subspicatus was even stimulated. No genotoxicity, endocrine-disrupting effects or increase in oxidative stress or EROD activity was detected. The content of six microcystins (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR, MC-LY, MC-LW, and MC-LF), anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin, and nodularin in the M. aeruginosa COM was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. An artificially prepared mixture of the detected cyanotoxins in the corresponding concentrations did not induce response in the O. mykiss cell lines and T. platyurus, suggesting that other cyanobacterial metabolites are responsible for the toxicity of M. aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Šrédlová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Šilhavecká
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Linhartová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Semerád
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Michalíková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pivokonský
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Paťankou 30/5, CZ-166 12, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Carpine R, Sieber S. Antibacterial and antiviral metabolites from cyanobacteria: Their application and their impact on human health. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
18
|
Schwarzenberger A, Kurmayer R, Martin-Creuzburg D. Toward Disentangling the Multiple Nutritional Constraints Imposed by Planktothrix: The Significance of Harmful Secondary Metabolites and Sterol Limitation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:586120. [PMID: 33193235 PMCID: PMC7609654 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.586120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The harmful bloom-forming cyanobacterium Planktothrix is commonly considered to be nutritionally inadequate for zooplankton grazers, resulting in limited top-down control. However, interactions between Planktothrix and zooplankton grazers are poorly understood. The food quality of Planktothrix is potentially constrained by morphological properties (i.e., filament formation), the production of harmful secondary metabolites, and a deficiency in essential lipids (i.e., primarily sterols). Here, we investigated the relative significance of toxin production (microcystins, carboxypeptidase A inhibitors, protease inhibitors) and sterol limitation for the performance of Daphnia feeding on one Planktothrix rubescens and one P. agardhii wild-type/microcystin knock-out mutant pair. Our data suggest that the poor food quality of both Planktothrix spp. is due to deleterious effects mediated by various harmful secondary metabolites and that the impact of sterol limitation is partially or completely superimposed by toxicity. The significance of the different factors seems to depend on the metabolite profile of the considered Planktothrix strain and the Daphnia clone that is used for the experiments. The toxin-responsive gene expression (transporter genes, gpx, and trypsin) and enzyme activity patterns revealed strain-specific food quality constraints and that Daphnia is capable of modulating its physiological responses according to the ingested Planktothrix strain. Future studies need to consider that Planktothrix-grazer interactions are simultaneously modulated by multiple factors to improve our understanding of top-down influences on Planktothrix bloom formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rainer Kurmayer
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Berlinck RGS, Bernardi DI, Fill T, Fernandes AAG, Jurberg ID. The chemistry and biology of guanidine secondary metabolites. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:586-667. [PMID: 33021301 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00051e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2017-2019Guanidine natural products isolated from microorganisms, marine invertebrates and terrestrial plants, amphibians and spiders, represented by non-ribosomal peptides, guanidine-bearing polyketides, alkaloids, terpenoids and shikimic acid derived, are the subject of this review. The topics include the discovery of new metabolites, total synthesis of natural guanidine compounds, biological activity and mechanism-of-action, biosynthesis and ecological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sieber S, Grendelmeier SM, Harris LA, Mitchell DA, Gademann K. Microviridin 1777: A Toxic Chymotrypsin Inhibitor Discovered by a Metabologenomic Approach. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:438-446. [PMID: 31989826 PMCID: PMC7050427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa EAWAG 127a was evaluated against the sensitive grazer Thamnocephalus platyurus, and the extract possessed strong activity. To investigate the compounds responsible for cytotoxicity, a series of peptides from this cyanobacterium were studied using a combined genomic and molecular networking approach. The results led to the isolation, structure elucidation, and biological evaluation of microviridin 1777, which represents the most potent chymotrypsin inhibitor characterized from this family of peptides to date. Furthermore, the biosynthetic gene clusters of microviridin, anabaenopeptin, aeruginosin, and piricyclamide were located in the producing organism, and six additional natural products were identified by tandem mass spectrometry analyses. These results highlight the potential of modern techniques for the identification of natural products, demonstrate the ecological role of protease inhibitors produced by cyanobacteria, and raise ramifications concerning the presence of novel, yet uncharacterized, toxin families in cyanobacteria beyond microcystin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sieber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH 8057, Switzerland
| | - Simone M. Grendelmeier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH 8057, Switzerland
| | - Lonnie A. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Douglas A. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH 8057, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Popin RV, Delbaje E, de Abreu VAC, Rigonato J, Dörr FA, Pinto E, Sivonen K, Fiore MF. Genomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Natural Products in Nodularia spumigena Isolated from a Shrimp Culture Pond. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030141. [PMID: 32106513 PMCID: PMC7150779 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bloom-forming cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena CENA596 encodes the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of the known natural products nodularins, spumigins, anabaenopeptins/namalides, aeruginosins, mycosporin-like amino acids, and scytonemin, along with the terpenoid geosmin. Targeted metabolomics confirmed the production of these metabolic compounds, except for the alkaloid scytonemin. Genome mining of N. spumigena CENA596 and its three closely related Nodularia strains—two planktonic strains from the Baltic Sea and one benthic strain from Japanese marine sediment—revealed that the number of BGCs in planktonic strains was higher than in benthic one. Geosmin—a volatile compound with unpleasant taste and odor—was unique to the Brazilian strain CENA596. Automatic annotation of the genomes using subsystems technology revealed a related number of coding sequences and functional roles. Orthologs from the Nodularia genomes are involved in the primary and secondary metabolisms. Phylogenomic analysis of N. spumigena CENA596 based on 120 conserved protein sequences positioned this strain close to the Baltic Nodularia. Phylogeny of the 16S rRNA genes separated the Brazilian CENA596 strain from those of the Baltic Sea, despite their high sequence identities (99% identity, 100% coverage). The comparative analysis among planktic Nodularia strains showed that their genomes were considerably similar despite their geographically distant origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Vicentini Popin
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenário 303, Piracicaba 13400-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.V.P.); (E.D.); (V.A.C.d.A.); (J.R.); (E.P.)
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Endrews Delbaje
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenário 303, Piracicaba 13400-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.V.P.); (E.D.); (V.A.C.d.A.); (J.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Vinicius Augusto Carvalho de Abreu
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenário 303, Piracicaba 13400-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.V.P.); (E.D.); (V.A.C.d.A.); (J.R.); (E.P.)
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 1, Belém 66075-10, Pará, Brazil
| | - Janaina Rigonato
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenário 303, Piracicaba 13400-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.V.P.); (E.D.); (V.A.C.d.A.); (J.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Felipe Augusto Dörr
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, São Paulo 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenário 303, Piracicaba 13400-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.V.P.); (E.D.); (V.A.C.d.A.); (J.R.); (E.P.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, São Paulo 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Kaarina Sivonen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Marli Fatima Fiore
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenário 303, Piracicaba 13400-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.V.P.); (E.D.); (V.A.C.d.A.); (J.R.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pawlik-Skowrońska B, Toporowska M, Mazur-Marzec H. Effects of secondary metabolites produced by different cyanobacterial populations on the freshwater zooplankters Brachionus calyciflorus and Daphnia pulex. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11793-11804. [PMID: 30815809 PMCID: PMC6476996 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic water bodies are a worldwide problem. Combined effects of mixtures of secondary metabolites produced by different cyanobacterial species on aquatic fauna are still not well recognised. We compared the survivorship of Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas (Rotifera) and Daphnia pulex Leyding (Cladocera) exposed to pure microcystin LR (MC-LR), anatoxin-a (ANTX) and to five extracts obtained from bloom-forming cyanobacteria Microcystis, Planktothrix and Dolichospermum. The obtained results revealed different response of the organisms to high concentrations of pure MC-LR, ANTX and complex cyanobacterial extracts. The extracts' toxicity to invertebrates was higher than that exerted by pure cyanotoxins and was dependent on the composition of cyanobacterial metabolites: Microcystis spp. extract containing anabaenopeptins A and B, aeruginosamide, four variants of cyanopeptolins and five MCs was not toxic to either of the organisms, whereas Planktothrix agardhii extract (I), containing anabaenopeptins A, B, F, 915, oscillamide Y, five different aeruginosins and four variants of MC was more toxic to daphnids than to rotifers. The extracts of another P. agarhdii (II) biomass and two different biomass samples of Dolichospermum spp. also affected survivorship of the rotifer and cladoceran, however, to various extent. It strongly suggests that non-ribosomal oligopeptides, other than MCs, had essential contribution to the observed toxicity to invertebrates and their effects on particular species or populations can vary depending on the secondary metabolite profiles of cyanobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pawlik-Skowrońska
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Toporowska
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- Division of Marine Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Janssen EML. Cyanobacterial peptides beyond microcystins - A review on co-occurrence, toxicity, and challenges for risk assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 151:488-499. [PMID: 30641464 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial bloom events that produce natural toxins occur in freshwaters across the globe, yet the potential risk of many cyanobacterial metabolites remains mostly unknown. Only microcystins, one class of cyanopeptides, have been studied intensively and the wealth of evidence regarding exposure concentrations and toxicity led to their inclusion in risk management frameworks for water quality. However, cyanobacteria produce an incredible diversity of hundreds of cyanopeptides beyond the class of microcystins. The question arises, whether the other cyanopeptides are in fact of no human and ecological concern or whether these compounds merely received (too) little attention thus far. Current observations suggest that an assessment of their (eco)toxicological risk is indeed relevant: First, other cyanopeptides, including cyanopeptolins and anabaenopeptins, can occur just as frequently and at similar nanomolar concentrations as microcystins in surface waters. Second, cyanopeptolins, anabaenopeptins, aeruginosins and microginins inhibit proteases in the nanomolar range, in contrast to protein phosphatase inhibition by microcystins. Cyanopeptolins, aeruginosins, and aerucyclamide also show toxicity against grazers in the micromolar range comparable to microcystins. The key challenge for a comprehensive risk assessment of cyanopeptides remains their large structural diversity, lack of reference standards, and high analytical requirements for identification and quantification. One way forward would be a prevalence study to identify the priority candidates of tentatively abundant, persistent, and toxic cyanopeptides to make comprehensive risk assessments more manageable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M-L Janssen
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Microbial Diversity and Toxin Risk in Tropical Freshwater Reservoirs of Cape Verde. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10050186. [PMID: 29734762 PMCID: PMC5983242 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10050186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cape Verde islands are part of the African Sahelian arid belt that possesses an erratic rain pattern prompting the need for water reservoirs, which are now critical for the country’s sustainability. Worldwide, freshwater cyanobacterial blooms are increasing in frequency due to global climate change and the eutrophication of water bodies, particularly in reservoirs. To date, there have been no risk assessments of cyanobacterial toxin production in these man-made structures. We evaluated this potential risk using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and full metagenome sequencing in freshwater reservoirs of Cape Verde. Our analysis revealed the presence of several potentially toxic cyanobacterial genera in all sampled reservoirs. Faveta potentially toxic and bloom-forming Microcystis sp., dominated our samples, while a Cryptomonas green algae and Gammaproteobacteria dominated Saquinho and Poilão reservoirs. We reconstructed and assembled the Microcystis genome, extracted from the metagenome of bulk DNA from Faveta water. Phylogenetic analysis of Microcystis cf. aeruginosa CV01’s genome revealed its close relationship with other Microcystis genomes, as well as clustering with other continental African strains, suggesting geographical coherency. In addition, it revealed several clusters of known toxin-producing genes. This survey reinforces the need to better understand the country’s microbial ecology as a whole of water reservoirs on the rise.
Collapse
|
25
|
Le Manach S, Sotton B, Huet H, Duval C, Paris A, Marie A, Yépremian C, Catherine A, Mathéron L, Vinh J, Edery M, Marie B. Physiological effects caused by microcystin-producing and non-microcystin producing Microcystis aeruginosa on medaka fish: A proteomic and metabolomic study on liver. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:523-537. [PMID: 29220784 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms have become a common phenomenon in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Microcystis is an important bloom-forming and toxin-producing genus in continental aquatic ecosystems, which poses a potential risk to Human populations as well as on aquatic organisms. Microcystis is known to produce along with various bioactive peptides, the microcystins (MCs) that have attracted more attention notably due to their high hepatotoxicity. To better understand the effects of cyanobacterial blooms on fish, medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) were sub-chronically exposed to either non-MC-producing or MC-producing living strains and, for this latter, to its subsequent MC-extract of Microcystis aeruginosa. Toxicological effects on liver have been evaluated through the combined approach of histopathology and 'omics' (i.e. proteomics and metabolomics). All treatments induce sex-dependent effects at both cellular and molecular levels. Moreover, the modalities of exposure appear to induce differential responses as the direct exposure to the cyanobacterial strains induce more acute effects than the MC-extract treatment. Our histopathological observations indicate that both non-MC-producing and MC-producing strains induce cellular impairments. Both proteomic and metabolomic analyses exhibit various biological disruptions in the liver of females and males exposed to strain and extract treatments. These results support the hypothesis that M. aeruginosa is able to produce bioactive peptides, other than MCs, which can induce toxicological effects in fish liver. Moreover, they highlight the importance of considering cyanobacterial cells as a whole to assess the realistic environmental risk of cyanobacteria on fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Le Manach
- UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Benoit Sotton
- UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Hélène Huet
- UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BioPôle Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Charlotte Duval
- UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Alain Paris
- UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Arul Marie
- UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Claude Yépremian
- UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Arnaud Catherine
- UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Lucrèce Mathéron
- Institut de Biologie Paris Seine/FR 3631, Plateforme Spectrométrie de masse et Protéomique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative IFR 83, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Joelle Vinh
- USR 3149 ESPCI/CNRS SMPB, Laboratory of Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marc Edery
- UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Benjamin Marie
- UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN Molécules de communication et adaptation des microorganismes, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Veselá I, Kolísková PC, Kuchařová V, Tomenendálová J, Kováčová V, Pikula J, Repková B, Rapekta P, Hrouzek P, Cheel J, Doubek J. Cytotoxic Effect of Aeruginosin-865, Resveratrol and Capsaicin on Mouse Fibroblasts and Cells Derived from Fallow Deer. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural substances offer interesting bioactivity patterns including antiproliferative, antioxidant or cytotoxic effects. However, the safety profile of many of them has not been extensively determined. In this study, the cytotoxic effect of Aeruginosin-865, resveratrol and capsaicin at different concentrations was tested on normal mouse cells (NIH/3T3) and tumour fibroblasts (WEHI-13VAR) as well as on liver- and kidney-derived cells from fallow deer. A lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay kit was used to measure cell death in response to treatment with the test substances. It was found that NIH/3T3 cells tolerated Aeruginosin-865 (10-200 μM) and resveratrol (5-100 μM) treatment without any cytotoxic effect, while capsaicin exerted a cytotoxic effect only at the highest tested concentration (200 μ M). Mouse fibrosarcoma cells were more sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of all three compounds where Aeruginosin-865 (100-200 μM) and resveratrol (50–100 μM) showed high-dose cytotoxicity and capsaicin showed low- and high-dose cytotoxicity (25 μM and 200 μ M). The three tested compounds at the highest concentrations were found to be cytotoxic to both liver- and kidney-derived cells from fallow deer. Overall, the results indicate that the cytotoxic effects of the three tested natural substances on cells derived from fallow deer and mouse tumour fibroblasts differ significantly from those exerted on normal fibroblasts. The results demonstrate the potential of these natural compounds as therapeutic agents and pave the way for future in vivo toxicological investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Veselá
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Celá Kolísková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Kuchařová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Tomenendálová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Kováčová
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pikula
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Repková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Polina Rapekta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hrouzek
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS) v.v.i., Trebon, Czech Republic
| | - José Cheel
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS) v.v.i., Trebon, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Doubek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zi J, Pan X, MacIsaac HJ, Yang J, Xu R, Chen S, Chang X. Cyanobacteria blooms induce embryonic heart failure in an endangered fish species. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 194:78-85. [PMID: 29169051 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms drive water-quality and aquatic-ecosystem deterioration in eutrophic lakes worldwide, mainly owing to their harmful, secondary metabolites. The response of fish exposed to these cyanobacterial chemicals, however, remains largely unknown. In this paper, we employed an endangered fish species (Sinocyclocheilus grahami) in Dianchi Lake, China to evaluate the risks of cell-free exudates (MaE) produced by a dominant cyanobacterium (Microcystis aeruginosa) on embryo development, as well as the molecular mechanisms responsible. MaE (3d cultured) caused a reduction of fertilization (35.4%) and hatching (15.5%) rates, and increased mortality rates (≤90.0%) and malformation rate (27.6%), typically accompanied by heart failure. Proteomics analysis revealed that two greatest changed proteins - protein S100A1 (over-expressed 26 times compared with control) and myosin light chain (under-expressed 25 fold) - are closely associated with heart function. Further study revealed that heart failure was due to calcium ion imbalance and malformed cardiac structure. We conclude that harmful secondary metabolites from cyanobacteria may adversely affect embryo development in this endangered fish, and possibly contribute to its disappearance and unsuccessful recovery in Dianchi Lake. Hazardous consequences of substances released by cyanobacteria should raise concerns for managers addressing recovery of this and other imperiled species in affected lakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Zi
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Xiaofu Pan
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, PR China
| | - Hugh J MacIsaac
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada; School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Junxing Yang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, PR China
| | - Runbing Xu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Shanyuan Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Xuexiu Chang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Scherer M, Gademann K. Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Aeruginosin KT608A. Org Lett 2017; 19:3915-3918. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Scherer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
De Sarkar S, Blom JF, Bethuel Y, Jüttner F, Gademann K. Allelopathic Activity of the Iron Chelator Anachelin - A Molecular Hybrid with a Dual Mode of Action. Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201600123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 CH-4056 Basel
| | - Judith F. Blom
- Limnological Station; Institute for Plant and Microbial Biology; University of Zurich; Seestrasse 187 CH-8802 Kilchberg
| | - Yann Bethuel
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 CH-8093 Zürich
| | - Friedrich Jüttner
- Limnological Station; Institute for Plant and Microbial Biology; University of Zurich; Seestrasse 187 CH-8802 Kilchberg
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 CH-4056 Basel
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 CH-8093 Zürich
- Chemical Synthesis Laboratory (SB-ISIC-LSYNC); Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL); CH-1015 Lausanne
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zürich
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Scherer M, Bezold D, Gademann K. Synthese von Aeruginosin‐Chlorsulfopeptiden und Untersuchung ihrer Toxizität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Scherer
- Departement Chemie, Universität Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Schweiz
- Institut für ChemieUniversität Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Dominik Bezold
- Departement Chemie, Universität Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Schweiz
| | - Karl Gademann
- Departement Chemie, Universität Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Schweiz
- Institut für ChemieUniversität Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Schweiz
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Scherer M, Bezold D, Gademann K. Investigating the Toxicity of the Aeruginosin Chlorosulfopeptides by Chemical Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9427-31. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Scherer
- Department ChemieUniversität Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Department ChemieUniversität Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Dominik Bezold
- Department ChemieUniversität Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department ChemieUniversität Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Department ChemieUniversität Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Faltermann S, Hutter S, Christen V, Hettich T, Fent K. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cyanobacterial Serine Protease Inhibitors Aeruginosin 828A and Cyanopeptolin 1020 in Human Hepatoma Cell Line Huh7 and Effects in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8070219. [PMID: 27428998 PMCID: PMC4963851 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8070219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive growth of cyanobacteria in freshwater promoted by eutrophication can lead to release of toxic secondary metabolites that may harm aquatic organisms and humans. The serine protease inhibitor aeruginosin 828A was isolated from a microcystin-deficient Planktothrix strain. We assessed potential molecular effects of aeruginosin 828A in comparison to another cyanobacterial serine protease inhibitor, cyanopeptolin 1020, in human hepatoma cell line Huh7, in zebrafish embryos and liver organ cultures. Aeruginosin 828A and cyanopeptolin 1020 promoted anti-inflammatory activity, as indicated by transcriptional down-regulation of interleukin 8 and tumor necrosis factor α in stimulated cells at concentrations of 50 and 100 µmol·L−1 aeruginosin 828A, and 100 µmol·L−1 cyanopeptolin 1020. Aeruginosin 828A induced the expression of CYP1A in Huh7 cells but did not affect enzyme activity. Furthermore, hatched zebrafish embryos and zebrafish liver organ cultures were exposed to aeruginosin 828A. The transcriptional responses were compared to those of cyanopeptolin 1020 and microcystin-LR. Aeruginosin 828A had only minimal effects on endoplasmic reticulum stress. In comparison to cyanopeptolin 1020 our data indicate that transcriptional effects of aeruginosin 828A in zebrafish are very minor. The data further demonstrate that pathways that are influenced by microcystin-LR are not affected by aeruginosin 828A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Faltermann
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland.
| | - Simon Hutter
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland.
| | - Verena Christen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland.
| | - Timm Hettich
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland.
| | - Karl Fent
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland.
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETHZ), CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kurmayer R, Deng L, Entfellner E. Role of toxic and bioactive secondary metabolites in colonization and bloom formation by filamentous cyanobacteria Planktothrix. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 54:69-86. [PMID: 27307781 PMCID: PMC4892429 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bloom-forming cyanobacteria Planktothrix agardhii and P. rubescens are regularly involved in the occurrence of cyanotoxin in lakes and reservoirs. Besides microcystins (MCs), which inhibit eukaryotic protein phosphatase 1 and 2A, several families of bioactive peptides are produced, thereby resulting in impressive secondary metabolite structural diversity. This review will focus on the current knowledge of the phylogeny, morphology, and ecophysiological adaptations of Planktothrix as well as the toxins and bioactive peptides produced. The relatively well studied ecophysiological adaptations (buoyancy, shade tolerance, nutrient storage capacity) can partly explain the invasiveness of this group of cyanobacteria that bloom within short periods (weeks to months). The more recent elucidation of the genetic basis of toxin and bioactive peptide synthesis paved the way for investigating its regulation both in the laboratory using cell cultures as well as under field conditions. The high frequency of several toxin and bioactive peptide synthesis genes observed within P. agardhii and P. rubescens, but not for other Planktothrix species (e.g. P. pseudagardhii), suggests a potential functional linkage between bioactive peptide production and the colonization potential and possible dominance in habitats. It is hypothesized that, through toxin and bioactive peptide production, Planktothrix act as a niche constructor at the ecosystem scale, possibly resulting in an even higher ability to monopolize resources, positive feedback loops, and resilience under stable environmental conditions. Thus, refocusing harmful algal bloom management by integrating ecological and phylogenetic factors acting on toxin and bioactive peptide synthesis gene distribution and concentrations could increase the predictability of the risks originating from Planktothrix blooms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Kurmayer
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Limnology, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria.
| | - Li Deng
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Entfellner
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Limnology, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kurmayer R, Blom JF, Deng L, Pernthaler J. Integrating phylogeny, geographic niche partitioning and secondary metabolite synthesis in bloom-forming Planktothrix. THE ISME JOURNAL 2015; 9:909-21. [PMID: 25325384 PMCID: PMC4349496 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Toxic freshwater cyanobacteria form harmful algal blooms that can cause acute toxicity to humans and livestock. Globally distributed, bloom-forming cyanobacteria Planktothrix either retain or lose the mcy gene cluster (encoding the synthesis of the secondary metabolite hepatotoxin microcystin or MC), resulting in a variable spatial/temporal distribution of (non)toxic genotypes. Despite their importance to human well-being, such genotype diversity is not being mapped at scales relevant to nature. We aimed to reveal the factors influencing the dispersal of those genotypes by analyzing 138 strains (from Europe, Russia, North America and East Africa) for their (i) mcy gene cluster composition, (ii) phylogeny and adaptation to their habitat and (iii) ribosomally and nonribosomally synthesized oligopeptide products. Although all the strains from different species contained at least remnants of the mcy gene cluster, various phylogenetic lineages evolved and adapted to rather specific ecological niches (for example, through pigmentation and gas vesicle protein size). No evidence for an increased abundance of specific peptides in the absence of MC was found. MC and peptide distribution rather depended on phylogeny, ecophysiological adaptation and geographic distance. Together, these findings provide evidence that MC and peptide production are primarily related to speciation processes, while within a phylogenetic lineage the probability that strains differ in peptide composition increases with geographic distance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Kurmayer
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck Mondsee, Austria
| | - Judith F Blom
- Limnological Station, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich Kilchberg, Switzerland
| | - Li Deng
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck Mondsee, Austria
| | - Jakob Pernthaler
- Limnological Station, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich Kilchberg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|