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Shao K, Gong N, Shen L, Han X, Wang Z, Zhou K, Kong D, Pan X, Cong P. Why did the world's largest green tides occur exclusively in the southern Yellow Sea? MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 200:106671. [PMID: 39116737 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The world's largest green tide, caused by the nuisance green algae Ulva prolifera, has occurred in the southern Yellow Sea for 16 consecutive years. It is puzzling why the extensive floating green tide occurs exclusively in the southern Yellow Sea, rather than other waters. We speculate that the transition of U. prolifera from a sessile state to a surface-floating one is the underlying cause of the floating green tide. Here we founded that the floating of U. prolifera was attributed to detachment from substrata and appropriate desiccation. The convergence of unreasonable green algae disposal, geographical features and farming patterns of Porphyra (economic red algae) in Subei Shoal contributed to mass production of floating U. prolifera, resulting in the exclusive occurrence of the floating green tides. Inducing the natural inactivation of green algae to prevent the floating of U. prolifera may effectively mitigate the extensive Ulva bloom at zero cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuishuang Shao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Ning Gong
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Lingyu Shen
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xue Han
- Tidal Flat Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Tidal Flat Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Tidal Flat Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Deyu Kong
- Tidal Flat Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Xishan Pan
- Tidal Flat Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Pifu Cong
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
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2
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Liu Q, Cui R, Du Y, Shen J, Jin C, Zhou X. Differential effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on the growing development and physiological characteristics of Ulva species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34782-w. [PMID: 39186204 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
To compare the different effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on intertidal Ulva macroalgae, three dominant Ulva species (U. prolifera, U. linza, and U. lactuca) were exposed to two water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of 0# diesel oil and crude oil at three concentration levels. The results indicated that two WAFs had significant concentration effects on the physiological characteristics of Ulva, the toxicity of 0# diesel oil was greater than crude oil, and crude oil had hormesis effect. Exposure of high WAFs concentrations, the growth, pigment, carbohydrate, and protein contents of Ulva were inhibited, while the antioxidant system was activated. In addition, the integrated biomarker response (IBR) indicated that U. prolifera had higher resistance to WAFs than U. linza and U. lactuca. Considering that U. prolifera is the main species of green tide in the Yellow Sea (YS) of China, the comparative effects of WAFs on different development stages of U. prolifera were also explored. The results showed that spore was the most sensitive to WAFs, while adult thalli was the most tolerant. The increased resistance of U. prolifera thalli and the hormesis effect triggered by crude oil may influence the outbreak scale of green tides. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the formation of green tides in the YS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Marine Science and Technology Institute, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Ruifei Cui
- Marine Science and Technology Institute, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Yuxin Du
- Marine Science and Technology Institute, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Junjie Shen
- Marine Science and Technology Institute, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Cuili Jin
- Marine Science and Technology Institute, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- Marine Science and Technology Institute, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China.
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Ma X, Miao X, Fan S, Zang Y, Zhang B, Li M, Zhang X, Fu M, Wang Z, Xiao J. Dynamics of green macroalgal micro-propagules and the influencing factors in the southern Yellow Sea, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173658. [PMID: 38821269 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Micro-propagules (banks of microscopic forms) play important roles in the expansion of green tides, which are spreading on eutrophic coasts worldwide. In particular, large-scale green tides (Yellow Sea Green Tide, YSGTs) have persisted in the Yellow Sea for over 15 years, but the dynamics and functions of micro-propagules in their development remain unclear. In the present study, year-round field surveys were conducted to identify the reservoirs and investigate the persistence mechanisms and associated biotic and abiotic factors driving the temporal and spatial variations of micro-propagules. Micro-propagules in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) showed evident spatial heterogeneity in terms of seasonal patterns and major influencing factors. Offshore of the SYS, the micro-propagule population underwent ephemeral expansion along with a large-scale bloom of floating Ulva algae in late spring and early summer. The Subei Shoal, particularly the sediments in the central raft region, had the highest micro-propagule abundance (MA) and was a major reservoir. The pronounced seasonal variation of MA in the Subei Shoal was primarily associated with the attached Ulva algae on Neopyropia aquaculture rafts. Vast aquaculture rafts provided essential substrates for micro-propagules to complete their life cycle and replenish the seed bank, thereby sustaining persistent YSGTs. It implied that habitat modification has pronounced ecological impacts on this intertidal muddy flat. The unique environmental conditions (enriched nutrients, esp. nitrate, favourable seawater temperatures in spring, and strong tidal mixing) facilitated the abundance, seasonal variation and recruitment of micro-propagules in the Subei Shoal. Given the current mitigation measures implemented in the raft region, further research is required to monitor and investigate the physiological and ecological responses of micro-propagule populations to the complex hydrobiological, geochemical, and physical matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Shiliang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yu Zang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Baotang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mingzhu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zongling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Geng HX, Kong FZ, Wang JX, Zhang QC, Li F, Hong X, Song MJ, Lian Z, Cai YL, Yu RC. An unusual winter bloom of dinoflagellates with notable damage to kelp cultivation around Shandong peninsula, China. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 201:106687. [PMID: 39173207 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
In the coastal waters around Shandong peninsula, an unprecedented winter bloom of dinoflagellates Gonyaulax polygramma and Akashiwo sanguinea occurred in 2021 from late November to early December. The bloom affected a wide area of coastal waters extending from west to east along the northern Shandong peninsula and had a devastating blow to the kelp cultivation industry. Based on the remote-sensing data, the initiation of the bloom was traced back to the region adjacent to the mouth of the Yellow River in Laizhou Bay, where enhanced freshwater discharge from the Yellow River was recorded from September to November. It's proposed that the increased precipitation in the Yellow River basin associated with northward extension of the precipitation band in China could be an important reason for this winter bloom. This unusual winter bloom around Shandong peninsula highlights the potential risks of harmful algal blooms and their impacts on coastal ecosystems under the background of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xia Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fan-Zhou Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qing-Chun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Min-Jie Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ziru Lian
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Yu-Lin Cai
- College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Ren-Cheng Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.
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Guo X, Zhang X, Shao H, McMinn A, Liang Y, Wang M. A novel flavobacterial phage abundant during green tide, representing a new viral family, Zblingviridae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0036724. [PMID: 38953371 PMCID: PMC11267871 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00367-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavobacteriia are the dominant and active bacteria during algal blooms and play an important role in polysaccharide degradation. However, little is known about phages infecting Flavobacteriia, especially during green tide. In this study, a novel virus, vB_TgeS_JQ, infecting Flavobacteriia was isolated from the surface water of the Golden Beach of Qingdao, China. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that vB_TgeS_JQ had the morphology of siphovirus. The experiments showed that it was stable from -20°C to 45°C and pH 5 to pH 8, with latent and burst periods both lasting for 20 min. Genomic analysis showed that the phage vB_TgeS_JQ contained a 40,712-bp dsDNA genome with a GC content of 30.70%, encoding 74 open-reading frames. Four putative auxiliary metabolic genes were identified, encoding electron transfer-flavoprotein dehydrogenase, calcineurin-like phosphoesterase, phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphohydrolase, and TOPRIM nucleotidyl hydrolase. The abundance of phage vB_TgeS_JQ was higher during Ulva prolifera (U. prolifera) blooms compared with other marine environments. The phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses revealed that vB_TgeS_JQ exhibited significant differences from all other phage isolates in the databases and therefore was classified as an undiscovered viral family, named Zblingviridae. In summary, this study expands the knowledge about the genomic, phylogenetic diversity and distribution of flavobacterial phages (flavophages), especially their roles during U. prolifera blooms. IMPORTANCE The phage vB_TgeS_JQ was the first flavobacterial phage isolated during green tide, representing a new family in Caudoviricetes and named Zblingviridae. The abundance of phage vB_TgeS_JQ was higher during the Ulva prolifera blooms. This study provides insights into the genomic, phylogenetic diversity, and distribution of flavophages, especially their roles during U. prolifera blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Guo
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongbing Shao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao, China
| | - Andrew McMinn
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yantao Liang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao, China
- Haide College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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6
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Cao J, Zeng Y, Xia Z, Li S, He P, Zhang J. Spatio-temporal distribution of micropropagules of green algae along the Jiangsu coast. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106533. [PMID: 38761492 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
We conducted continuous monitoring at 13 stations along the Jiangsu coast to study the spatiotemporal distribution, population succession of micropropagules of green algae, and their impact on the outbreak of Southern Yellow Sea green tide. The study discovered that: 1) Green algae micropropagules had obvious temporal and spatial distribution and population changes along the Jiangsu coast. The monthly average abundance of micropropagules of green algae at station BH1, which was the high-value area, was 1230 inds/L. Station XS2 had the second-highest value area. Green algae micropropagules had an average monthly abundance of 836 inds/L. Between stations XS2 and BH1, the amount of green algae micropropagules steadily declined in comparison to other stations. The abundance was greatest from spring to early summer, and Ulva prolifera micropropagules predominated; 2) Compared with salinity, temperature had a more obvious effect on the micropropagules of green algae along the Jiangsu coast; 3) Green algae micropropagules on the Jiangsu coast could be a potential additional source on the outbreak of Southern Yellow Sea green tide. More data are needed to corroborate this conclusion. For the purpose of preventing and managing green tide, it is crucial to investigate the Southern Yellow Sea's potential supplementary source. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution and population changes of green algae micropropagules along the Jiangsu coast, as well as their impact on green tide outbreaks, providing scientific data support for the prevention and control of green tides in the Southern Yellow Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Cao
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yinqing Zeng
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhangyi Xia
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Peimin He
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
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7
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Guo YY, Li T, Cao XY, Zhu MX. Effective capping of dissolved sulfide generated in Ulva prolifera-rich marine sediments by iron-rich red soil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116424. [PMID: 38692004 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Bloom-induced macroalgal enrichment on the seafloor can substantially facilitate dissolved sulfide (DS) production through sulfate reduction. The reaction of DS with sedimentary reactive iron (Fe) is the main mechanism of DS consumption, which however usually could not effectively prevent DS accumulation caused by pulsed macroalgal enrichment. Here we used incubations to investigate the performance of Fe-rich red soil for buffering of DS produced from macroalgae (Ulva prolifera)-enriched sediment. Based on our results, a combination of red soil additions (6.8 kg/m2) before and immediately after pulsed macroalgal deposition (455 g/m2) can effectively cap DS within the red soil layer. The effective DS buffering is mainly due to ample Fe-oxide surface sites available for reaction with DS. Only a small loss (4 %) of buffering capacity after 18-d incubation suggests that the red soil is capable of prolonged DS buffering in macroalgae-enriched sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Tie Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mao-Xu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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8
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He C, Li G, Zou S, Zheng P, Song Q, Li G, Yu Q, Yu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Shen Z, Gong J. Spatial and diel variations of bacterioplankton and pico-nanoeukaryote communities and potential biotic interactions during macroalgal blooms. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116409. [PMID: 38663343 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
We investigated spatial heterogeneity and diel variations in bacterioplankton and pico-nanoeukaryote communities, and potential biotic interactions at the extinction stage of the Ulva prolifera bloom in the Jiaozhou Bay, Yellow Sea. It was found that the presence of Ulva canopies significantly promoted the cell abundance of heterotrophic bacteria, raised evenness, and altered the community structure of bacterioplankton. A diel pattern was solely significant for pico-nanoeukaryote community structure. >50 % of variation in the heterotrophic bacterial abundance was accounted for by the ratio of Bacteroidota to Firmicutes, and dissolved organic nitrogen effectively explained the variations in cell abundances of phytoplankton populations. The factors representing biotic interactions frequently contributed substantially more than environmental factors in explaining the variations in diversity and community structure of both bacterioplankton and pico-nanoeukaryotes. There were higher proportions of eukaryotic pathogens compared to other marine systems, suggesting a higher ecological risk associated with the Ulva blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui He
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihao Li
- Zhuhai Doumen Agricultural Technology Extension, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Songbao Zou
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengfei Zheng
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536007, China
| | - Qinqin Song
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536007, China
| | - Guanzhe Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yunjun Yu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Zhuo Shen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jun Gong
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
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9
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Babich O, Ivanova S, Michaud P, Budenkova E, Kashirskikh E, Anokhova V, Sukhikh S. Fermentation of micro- and macroalgae as a way to produce value-added products. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 41:e00827. [PMID: 38234329 PMCID: PMC10793092 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Fermentation of both microalgae and macroalgae is one of the most efficient methods of obtaining valuable value-added products due to the minimal environmental pollution and the availability of economic benefits, as algae do not require arable land and drift algae and algal bloom biomass are considered waste and must be recycled and their fermentation waste utilized. The compounds found in algae can be effectively used in the fuel, food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, depending on the type of fermentation used. Products such as methane and hydrogen can be produced by anaerobic digestion and dark fermentation of algae, and lactic acid and its polymers can be produced by lactic acid fermentation of algae. Article aims to provide an overview of the different types potential of micro- and macroalgae fermentation, the advantages and disadvantages of each type considered, and the economic feasibility of algal fermentation for the production of various value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Babich
- SEC “Applied Biotechnologies”, Immanuel Kant BFU, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Natural Nutraceutical Biotesting Laboratory, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, Kemerovo, 650043, Russia
- Department of TNSMD Theory and Methods, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street, 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Egor Kashirskikh
- SEC “Applied Biotechnologies”, Immanuel Kant BFU, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Veronika Anokhova
- SEC “Applied Biotechnologies”, Immanuel Kant BFU, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Stanislav Sukhikh
- SEC “Applied Biotechnologies”, Immanuel Kant BFU, Kaliningrad, Russia
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10
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Feng Y, Xiong Y, Hall-Spencer JM, Liu K, Beardall J, Gao K, Ge J, Xu J, Gao G. Shift in algal blooms from micro- to macroalgae around China with increasing eutrophication and climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17018. [PMID: 37937464 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of microalgal red tides and macroalgae (e.g., green and golden tides caused by Ulva and Sargassum) have caused widespread problems around China in recent years, but there is uncertainty around what triggers these blooms and how they interact. Here, we use 30 years of monitoring data to help answer these questions, focusing on the four main species of microalgae Prorocentrum donghaiense, Karenia mikimotoi, Noctiluca scintillans, and Skeletonema costatum) associated with red tides in the region. The frequency of red tides increased from 1991 to 2003 and then decreased until 2020, with S. costatum red tides exhibiting the highest rate of decrease. Green tides started to occur around China in 1999 and the frequency of green tides has since been on the increase. Golden tides were first reported to occur around China in 2012. The frequency of macroalgal blooms has a negative linear relationship with the frequency and coverage of red tides around China, and a positive correlation with total nitrogen and phosphorus loads as well as with atmospheric CO2 and sea surface temperature (SST). Increased outbreaks of macroalgal blooms are very likely due to worsening levels of eutrophication, combined with rising CO2 and SST, which contribute to the reduced frequency of red tides. The increasing grazing rate of microzooplankton also results in the decline in areas affected by red tides. This study shows a clear shift of algal blooms from microalgae to macroalgae around China over the past 30 years driven by the combination of eutrophication, climate change, and grazing stress, indicating a fundamental change in coastal systems in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yonglong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- Marine Institute, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kailin Liu
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - John Beardall
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingke Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Juntian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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11
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Rosic N, Thornber C. Biotechnological Potential of Macroalgae during Seasonal Blooms for Sustainable Production of UV-Absorbing Compounds. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:633. [PMID: 38132954 PMCID: PMC10744652 DOI: 10.3390/md21120633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine macroalgae (seaweeds) are important primary global producers, with a wide distribution in oceans around the world from polar to tropical regions. Most of these species are exposed to variable environmental conditions, such as abiotic (e.g., light irradiance, temperature variations, nutrient availability, salinity levels) and biotic factors (e.g., grazing and pathogen exposure). As a result, macroalgae developed numerous important strategies to increase their adaptability, including synthesizing secondary metabolites, which have promising biotechnological applications, such as UV-absorbing Mycosporine-Like Amino Acid (MAAs). MAAs are small, water-soluble, UV-absorbing compounds that are commonly found in many marine organisms and are characterized by promising antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and photoprotective properties. However, the widespread use of MAAs by humans is often restricted by their limited bioavailability, limited success in heterologous expression systems, and low quantities recovered from the natural environment. In contrast, bloom-forming macroalgal species from all three major macroalgal clades (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyta) occasionally form algal blooms, resulting in a rapid increase in algal abundance and high biomass production. This review focuses on the bloom-forming species capable of producing pharmacologically important compounds, including MAAs, and the application of proteomics in facilitating macroalgal use in overcoming current environmental and biotechnological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedeljka Rosic
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD 4225, Australia
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Carol Thornber
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA;
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12
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Xu D, Tang Y, Li W, Yang Y. Ulva prolifera Stress in the Yellow Sea of China: Suppressed Antioxidant Capacity and Induced Inflammatory Response of the Japanese Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3768. [PMID: 38136805 PMCID: PMC10741151 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the largest green macroalgal bloom in the Yellow Sea of China, the overgrowth and degradation of Ulva prolifera (U. prolifera) have a harmful effect on marine organisms and the aquaculture industry. However, the regulation mechanism of U. prolifera stress on the antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response of marine fish is still not completely understood. A 15-day exposure experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of U. prolifera stress on the antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response of the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) (283.11 ± 6.45 g). The results showed that U. prolifera stress significantly decreased their survival rate. Serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and non-specific immune-related enzyme activities were significantly impacted under U. prolifera conditions. Moreover, U. prolifera stress significantly decreased T-AOC, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and catalase (CAT) activities in the liver, while malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly increased. Similarly, antioxidant-related gene (cat, nrf2, and keap1) expressions were synchronously downregulated in the liver under U. prolifera stress. Furthermore, U. prolifera stress significantly upregulated pro-inflammatory gene (tnf-α, il-1β, ifn-γ, and p65) expressions and the phosphorylation levels of the p38 and JNK MAPK pathways in the head kidney. In addition, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related gene and protein expressions were also upregulated in the head kidney. Overall, these results revealed that U. prolifera stress suppressed the antioxidant capacity and induced an inflammatory response in the Japanese flounder. This study could advance the understanding of the adverse effects of U. prolifera stress on marine benthic fish and promote the sustainable development of aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (D.X.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yongzheng Tang
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (D.X.); (Y.T.)
| | - Wenlong Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China;
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Laoshan Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnFology, Qingdao 266235, China
| | - Yingming Yang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China;
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Laoshan Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnFology, Qingdao 266235, China
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13
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Cha QQ, Liu SS, Dang YR, Ren XB, Xu F, Li PY, Chen XL, Wang P, Zhang XY, Zhang YZ, Qin QL. Ecological function and interaction of different bacterial groups during alginate processing in coastal seawater community. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 182:108325. [PMID: 37995388 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of high molecular weight organic matter (HMWOM) is a core process of oceanic carbon cycle, which is determined by the activity of microbial communities harboring hundreds of different species. Illustrating the active microbes and their interactions during HMWOM processing can provide key information for revealing the relationship between community composition and its ecological functions. In this study, the genomic and transcriptional responses of microbial communities to the availability of alginate, an abundant HMWOM in coastal ecosystem, were elucidated. The main degraders transcribing alginate lyase (Aly) genes came from genera Alteromonas, Psychrosphaera and Colwellia. Meanwhile, some strains, mainly from the Rhodobacteraceae family, did not transcribe Aly gene but could utilize monosaccharides to grow. The co-culture experiment showed that the activity of Aly-producing strain could promote the growth of Aly-non-producing strain when alginate was the sole carbon source. Interestingly, this interaction did not reduce the alginate degradation rate, possibly due to the easily degradable nature of alginate. This study can improve our understanding of the relationship between microbial community activity and alginate metabolism function as well as further manipulation of microbial community structure for alginate processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Cha
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sha-Sha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan-Ru Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue-Bing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi-Long Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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14
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Yu Z, Tang Y, Gobler CJ. Harmful algal blooms in China: History, recent expansion, current status, and future prospects. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 129:102499. [PMID: 37951615 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs) on economies, public health, ecosystems, and aquaculture across the globe have all increased in recent decades, and this has been acutely the case in China. Here, we review the history of HABs and HABs research in China, as well as recent trends in HABs and future prospects of HAB science in China. The most updated analyses demonstrated that the number of HAB events, the number of HAB species, the aerial coverage of HABs, and the impacts of HABs in Chinese waters during the 21st century were all higher than that during the last two decades of the 20th century. The increase in the number of HABs in China has been significantly correlated with the increased discharge of ammonium and total phosphorus into coastal waters (p < 0.01 for both). Notable newly recognized events this century have included chronic HABs caused by Prorocentrum donghaiense and Karenia mikimotoi, a paralytic shellfish poisoning event caused by Gymnodinium catenatum that sickened 80 people, brown tides caused by Aureococcus anophagefferens, green tides caused by Ulva prolifera, golden tides caused by Sargassum horneri, and the disruption of a nuclear power plant caused by a bloom of Phaeocystis globosa. A series of key discoveries regarding HABs has been made this century including documentation of nearly all known HAB toxins in Chinese waters, discovery of novel cyst-formation and/or life stages of multiple HABs-causing species, identification of the chemical and physical oceanographic drivers of multiple HABs including those formed by P. donghaiense, K. mikimotoi, and U. prolifera, and the successful mitigation of HABs via the use of modified clay approaches. Future research prospects highlighted include the use of macroalgae as a means to prevent, mitigate, and control (PCM) HABs and the process by which multi-disciplinary studies involving molecular approaches (omics), remote in situ detection, artificial intelligence, and mega-data analyses might be used to develop refined and realistic HAB forecasting platforms. Collectively, this review demonstrates the significant evolution of HAB science since the 20th century in China and demonstrates that while HABs in China are complex and widespread, recent and on-going discoveries make the development of detailed understanding and effective measures to mitigate the negative effects of HABs a hopeful outcome in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yingzhong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, United States of America
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15
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Shi K, Fan Q, Zhan M, Pang M, Tan S, Wang W, Wang M, Sha Z. Exploring the effect of Ulva prolifera decay on the immune tissue of Paralichthys olivaceus based on transcriptomics and histopathological analysis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115410. [PMID: 37595335 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
For 17 consecutive years, the outbreak of Ulva prolifera in the South Yellow Sea area of China has caused significant negative impacts on coastal ecological environment. However, its specific influence on fish immunity is rare. In this study, the juvenile Paralichthys olivaceus was exposed to fresh U. prolifera algae (FU) and decomposing algal effluent (DU). After short-term stress for 14 days, the histopathological and transcriptome analysis were performed to study the effect of U. prolifera decay on P. olivaceus. Histopathological analysis found that the liver, spleen and head kidneys of P. olivaceus were damaged after the short-term stress. The transcriptome results showed that the steroid biosynthesis signaling pathway and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were significantly enriched. Some immune related genes, including c1qc-like, dusp1, dusp16, HSP90 and metabolic related genes serotransferrin, were differentially expressed. These results highlighted the harmfulness of U. prolifera on marine fish, setting a solid foundation for further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Shi
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qingxin Fan
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Min Zhan
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Min Pang
- Observation and Research Station of Bohai Eco-Corridor, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Suxu Tan
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Muyuan Wang
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhenxia Sha
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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16
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He R, Zeng Y, Zhao S, Zhang J, He P, Liu J. Use of citric acid-activated chlorine dioxide to control Ulva prolifera. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115357. [PMID: 37579597 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Since 2007, green tides have occurred almost every year in the Yellow Sea, and a method to prevent them and to control levels of attached Ulva prolifera is urgently needed. In this study, we measured the effects of different concentrations of citric acid-activated chlorine dioxide solution (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/L of chlorine dioxide) on the morphology (macrostructure and microstructure), chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, carotenoid content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, Y (II), NPQ, and ETRmax) of U. prolifera. Micropropagules in the treatment filtrate were cultured to determine whether the solution reduced the number of micropropagules released during the treatment process. The results showed that citric acid-activated chlorine dioxide at the appropriate concentration can be applied to remove U. prolifera from Neopyropia cultivation rafts. Because U. prolifera and its micropropagules died in the 250 mg/L chlorine dioxide group, we recommend that the appropriate concentration of chlorine dioxide for removing green macroalgae is ≥250 mg/L. Our results provide a scientific basis for convenient collection of accurate data for the U. prolifera prevention trial organized by the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yinqing Zeng
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Peimin He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jinlin Liu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Ocean Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Taicang 215400, China; North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033, China.
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17
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Pekkoh J, Ruangrit K, Kaewkod T, Tragoolpua Y, Hoijang S, Srisombat L, Wichapein A, Pathom-Aree W, Kato Y, Wang G, Srinuanpan S. Innovative Eco-Friendly Microwave-Assisted Rapid Biosynthesis of Ag/AgCl-NPs Coated with Algae Bloom Extract as Multi-Functional Biomaterials with Non-Toxic Effects on Normal Human Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2141. [PMID: 37513152 PMCID: PMC10383740 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms impact human welfare and are a global concern. Sargassum spp., a type of algae or seaweed that can potentially bloom in certain regions of the sea around Thailand, exhibits a noteworthy electron capacity as the sole reducing and stabilizing agent, which suggests its potential for mediating nanoparticle composites. This study proposes an eco-friendly microwave-assisted biosynthesis (MAS) method to fabricate silver nanoparticles coated with Sargassum aqueous extract (Ag/AgCl-NPs-ME). Ag/AgCl-NPs-ME were successfully synthesized in 1 min using a 20 mM AgNO3 solution without additional hazardous chemicals. UV-visible spectroscopy confirmed their formation through a surface plasmon resonance band at 400-500 nm. XRD and FTIR analyses verified their crystalline nature and involvement of organic molecules. TEM and SEM characterization showed well-dispersed Ag/AgCl-NPs-ME with an average size of 36.43 nm. The EDS results confirmed the presence of metallic Ag+ and Cl- ions. Ag/AgCl-NPs-ME exhibited significant antioxidant activity against free radicals (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), suggesting their effectiveness. They also inhibited enzymes (tyrosinase and ACE) linked to diseases, indicating therapeutic potential. Importantly, the Ag/AgCl-NPs-ME displayed remarkable cytotoxicity against cancer cells (A375, A549, and Caco-2) while remaining non-toxic to normal cells. DNA ladder and TUNEL assays confirmed the activation of apoptosis mechanisms in cancer cells after a 48 h treatment. These findings highlight the versatile applications of Ag/AgCl-NPs-ME in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeraporn Pekkoh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Khomsan Ruangrit
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thida Kaewkod
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Yingmanee Tragoolpua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Supawitch Hoijang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Laongnuan Srisombat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Antira Wichapein
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellent in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasu Pathom-Aree
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellent in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Yasuo Kato
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Guangce Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Sirasit Srinuanpan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellent in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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18
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Wang Z, Yuan C, Zhang X, Liu Y, Fu M, Xiao J. Interannual variations of Sargassum blooms in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea during 2017-2021. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 126:102451. [PMID: 37290886 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Golden tide, caused by Sargassum horneri, is becoming another periodic and trans-regional harmful macroalgal bloom in the Yellow Sea (YS) and East China Sea (ECS) other than the green tide. In this study, we employed high-resolution remote sensing, field validations, and population genetics to investigate the spatiotemporal development pattern of Sargassum blooms during the years 2017 to 2021 and explore the potential environmental factors that influence them. Sporadic floating Sargassum rafts could be detected in the middle or northern YS during autumn and the distribution area then occurred sequentially along the Chinese and/or western Korean coastlines. The floating biomass amplified significantly in early spring, reached its maximum in two to three months with an evident northward expansion, and then declined rapidly in May or June. The scale of the spring bloom was much larger than the winter one in terms of coverage, suggesting an additional local source in ECS. The blooms were mostly confined to waters with a sea surface temperature range of 10-16℃, while the drifting pathways were consistent with the prevailing wind trajectory and surface currents. The floating S. horneri populations exhibited a homogenous and conservative genetic structure among years. Our findings underscore the year-round cycle of golden tides, the impact of physical hydrological environments on the drifting and blooming of pelagic S. horneri, and provide insights for monitoring and forecasting this emerging marine ecological disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Yongjuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mingzhu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Luo H, Yang Y, Xie S. The ecological effect of large-scale coastal natural and cultivated seaweed litter decay processes: An overview and perspective. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 341:118091. [PMID: 37150170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds are important components of marine ecosystems and can form a large biomass in a few months. The decomposition of seaweed litter provides energy and material for primary producers and consumers and is an important link between material circulation and energy flow in the ecosystem. However, during the growth process, part of the seaweed is deposited on the sediment surface in the form of litter. Under the joint action of the environment and organisms, elements enriched in seaweed can be released back into the environment in a short time, causing pollution problems. The cultivation yield of seaweed worldwide reached 34.7 million tons in 2019, but the litter produced during the growth and harvest process has become a vital bottleneck that restricts the further improvement of production and sustainable development of the seaweed cultivation industry. Seaweed outbreaks worldwide occur frequently, producing a mass of litter and resulting in environmental pollution on coasts and economic losses, which have negative effects on coastal ecosystems. The objective of this review is to discuss the decomposition process and ecological environmental effects of seaweed litter from the aspects of the research progress on seaweed litter; the impact of seaweed litter on the environment; and its interaction with organisms. Understanding the decomposition process and environmental impact of seaweed litter can provide theoretical support for coastal environmental protection, seaweed resource conservation and sustainable development of the seaweed cultivation industry worldwide. This review suggests that in the process of large-scale seaweed cultivation and seaweed outbreaks, ageing or falling litter should be cleared in a timely manner, mature seaweed should be harvested in stages, and dried seaweed produced after harvest and washed up on shore should be handled properly to ensure the benefits of environmental protection provided by seaweed growth and sustainable seaweed resource development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science in Guangdong Province of Jinan University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science in Guangdong Province of Jinan University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Songguang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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20
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Wang Z, Fang Z, Liang J, Song X. Estimating Ulva prolifera green tides of the Yellow Sea through ConvLSTM data fusion. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121350. [PMID: 36863433 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Green tides, a worldwide problem, are harmful to aquaculture, tourism, marine ecosystems, and maritime traffic. Currently, green tide detection relies on remote sensing (RS) images, which are often missing or unusable. Thus, the observation and detection of green tides cannot be performed daily, which makes it difficult to improve environmental quality and ecological health. To address this problem, this study proposed a novel green tide estimation framework (GTEF) through convolutional long short-term memory, which learned the historical spatial-temporal seasonal and trend patterns of green tides from 2008 to 2021 and fused the previously observed or estimated data and biological (optional) and physical (optional) data over the preceding seven days when RS images were absent or unusable for daily observation and detection tasks. The results showed that the overall accuracy (OA), false-alarm rating (FAR), and missing-alarm rating (MAR) of the GTEF were 0.9592 ± 0.0375, 0.0885 ± 0.1877 and 0.4315 ± 0.2848, respectively. The estimated results described the green tides in terms of attributes, geometry and position features. Especially in the latitudinal features, the Pearson correlation coefficient of the predicted data and observed data were over 0.8 (P < 0.05), which showed a strong correlation. In addition, this study also discussed the role of biological and physical factors in the GTEF. Sea surface salinity may be the dominant factor in the early stages of green tides; in the late stage, solar irradiance may be the dominant factor. Sea surface winds and sea surface currents also played a significant role in green tide estimation. Results showed the OA, FAR and MAR of the GTEF which, with physical factors but without biological factors, were 0.9556 ± 0.0389, 0.1311 ± 0.3338 and 0.4297 ± 0.3180, respectively. In short, the proposed approach could generate a daily map of green tides, even if RS images were missing or unusable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jianfeng Liang
- Institution: National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Song
- Institution: National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin, China
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21
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Wang Z, Xiao J, Yuan C, Miao X, Fan S, Fu M, Xia T, Zhang X. The drifting and spreading mechanism of floating Ulva mass in the waterways of Subei shoal, the Yellow Sea of China - Application for abating the world's largest green tides. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 190:114789. [PMID: 36958115 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale green tides have been prevailing in the Yellow Sea over a decade. Prevention and control techniques in the source region (Subei Shoal) are urgently needed to minimize its adverse ecological and social impacts. Drifting and spreading mechanism of Ulva mass was investigated in the Subei Shoal in order to develop the early containment measures. The multidisciplinary surveys suggested twelve major waterways transporting the initial Ulva mass which was closely related to the basin topology and water circulation in the shoal. The epiphytic algal mass from the northern and eastern raft regions contributed 82.7 % of the initial floating biomass, and moved out in 4-6 days with an average drifting velocity of 0.28 m s-1. Accordingly, two series of algae-blocking lines were proposed to remove floating mass from the shoal. And the primary field trial in 2018 confirmed the feasibility of this strategy to abate the green tides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Chao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center of State Oceanic Administration, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shiliang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mingzhu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
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22
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Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Coastal Viral Community Structure and Potential Biogeochemical Roles Affected by an Ulva prolifera Green Tide. mSystems 2023; 8:e0121122. [PMID: 36815859 PMCID: PMC10134843 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01211-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The world's largest macroalgal green tide, caused by Ulva prolifera, has resulted in serious consequences for coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, China. Although viruses are considered to be one of the key factors in controlling microalgal bloom demise, understanding of the relationship between viral communities and the macroalgal green tide is still poor. Here, a Qingdao coastal virome (QDCV) time-series data set was constructed based on the metagenomic analysis of 17 DNA viromes along three coastal stations of the Yellow Sea, covering different stages of the green tide from Julian days 165 to 271. A total of 40,076 viral contigs were detected and clustered into 28,058 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs). About 84% of the vOTUs could not be classified, and 62% separated from vOTUs in other ecosystems. Green tides significantly influenced the spatiotemporal dynamics of the viral community structure, diversity, and potential functions. For the classified vOTUs, the relative abundance of Pelagibacter phages declined with the arrival of the bloom and rebounded after the bloom, while Synechococcus and Roseobacter phages increased, although with a time lag from the peak of their hosts. More than 80% of the vOTUs reached peaks in abundance at different specific stages, and the viral peaks were correlated with specific hosts at different stages of the green tide. Most of the viral auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) were associated with carbon and sulfur metabolism and showed spatiotemporal dynamics relating to the degradation of the large amount of organic matter released by the green tide. IMPORTANCE To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the responses of viruses to the world's largest macroalgal green tide. It revealed the spatiotemporal dynamics of the unique viral assemblages and auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) following the variation and degradation of Ulva prolifera. These findings demonstrate a tight coupling between viral assemblages, and prokaryotic and eukaryotic abundances were influenced by the green tide.
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23
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Li D, Gao Z, Wang Z. Analysis of the reasons for the outbreak of Yellow Sea green tide in 2021 based on long-term multi-source data. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 178:105649. [PMID: 35605379 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The green tide disaster is the result of human activities changing the natural environment conditions. What changes have occurred in the environmental factors that affect the green tide outbreak over a long period, and what is the impact of this change on the green tide outbreak? To further understand the outbreak mechanism of green tide, in this study, we used the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to extract and analyze the green tide from 2007 to 2021, analyze the long-term trend of various influencing factors (sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), precipitation, eutrophication, "nori" aquaculture) in the past 30 years, and explore the impact of each factor on the outbreak of green tide. We found that: 1) SST, seawater eutrophication, and "nori" aquaculture worked together to promote the large-scale outbreak of green tide in 2007; 2) In the context of eutrophication is not effectively controlled, elevated SST, SSS, and PAR will be more conducive to the germination of green tide algae and promote green tide to form a floating state on the sea surface earlier, after that, once there is a year with abundant precipitation, the green tide will break out on a large scale, which is exactly the case in 2021. Exploring the environmental conditions and the long-term regularity of green tide outbreaks to provide a basis for scientific and rational control of green tides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Shandong, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Shandong, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Shandong, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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24
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Numerical Modeling of a Green Tide Migration Process with Multiple Artificial Structures in the Western Bohai Sea, China. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12063017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Green tides have increasingly become a nuisance worldwide in recent years, and especially in China. Since 2015, green tides have started recurring in Jinmeng Bay, Qinhuangdao, western Bohai Sea of China, and have severely deteriorated the tourism environment there. In order to investigate the migration process of the green tides in Jinmeng Bay, a hydrodynamic model and a particle-tracking model were applied based on the latest green tide event in August 2021. The hydrodynamic model was applied with triple-level 2DH meshes with different refinements and scales, which provided the hydrodynamics to drive the green macroalgae into the particle-tracking model. From the model results, the semi-enclosed waters surrounded by multiple artificial structures are a low-energy hydrodynamic environment, which is not helpful for water exchange and thus the dispersal of nutrients. The green macroalgae are distributed substantially within the semi-enclosed waters, and few are transported out with low biomass. The effects of wind and artificial structures both increase the coverage of the green macroalgae trajectories; the effect of wind plays a more important role. A sensitivity analysis of the effect of wind showed that 6 m/s wind in ENE led to the maximum coverage of the green macroalgae trajectories in the cases of different magnitudes and directions of winds. This study can provide references for the pre-warning and mitigation of green tides in Jinmeng Bay and other similar places.
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Ning L, Yao Z, Zhu B. Ulva (Enteromorpha) Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides: A Potential Functional Food Source from Green-Tide-Forming Macroalgae. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030202. [PMID: 35323501 PMCID: PMC8949424 DOI: 10.3390/md20030202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-valued utilization of Ulva (previously known as Enteromorpha) bioresources has drawn increasing attention due to the periodic blooms of world-wide green tide. The polysaccharide is the main functional component of Ulva and exhibits various physiological activities. The Ulva oligosaccharide as the degradation product of polysaccharide not only possesses some obvious activities, but also possesses excellent solubility and bioavailability. Both Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides hold promising potential in the food industry as new functional foods or food additives. Studies on Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides are increasing and have been the focus of the marine bioresources field. However, the comprehensive review of this topic is still rare and do not cover the recent advances of the structure, isolation, preparation, activity and applications of Ulva polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. This review systematically summarizes and discusses the recent advances of chemical composition, extraction, purification, structure, and activity of Ulva polysaccharides as well as oligosaccharides. In addition, the potential applications as new functional food and food additives have also been considered, and these will definitely expand the applications of Ulva oligosaccharides in the food and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Ning
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrated Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China;
- Laboratory of Marine Bioresource, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China;
| | - Zhong Yao
- Laboratory of Marine Bioresource, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China;
| | - Benwei Zhu
- Laboratory of Marine Bioresource, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-58139419
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26
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Investigating Spatial Distribution of Green-Tide in the Yellow Sea in 2021 Using Combined Optical and SAR Images. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Optical remote sensing is limited to clouds and rain. It is difficult to obtain ground object images in severe weather. Microwave remote sensing can penetrate clouds and rain to obtain ground object images. Therefore, this paper combines optical and microwave data to analyze the time and space of the green-tide in the Yellow Sea in 2021. Compared with a single data source, the distribution characteristics increase the frequency of time observation and show the green-tide changes in more detail. The continuous remote sensing observation time is 80 days. Ulva prolifera has experienced discovery (mid-late May), development (mid-late May to early June), outbreak (early June to mid-late June), decline (late June to mid-July), and extinction (late July to mid-August) in five stages; the development period drifts along the northeast direction, the outbreak period drifts along the northwest direction, the decline and extinction periods are mainly in the Rizhao and Qingdao waters. Ulva prolifera has a tendency to drift northward as a whole, drifting through Yancheng, Lianyungang, Linyi, Rizhao and Qingdao waters eventually landing on the coast of Qingdao and gradually disappearing.
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27
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Yuan C, Xiao J, Zhang X, Zhou J, Wang Z. A new assessment of the algal biomass of green tide in the Yellow Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 174:113253. [PMID: 34968829 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The annually recurring Yellow Sea green tide causes significant economic, social, and ecological impacts in China. Currently, the magnitude of Yellow Sea green tide is usually evaluated according to the snap shot maximum algal coverage area or artificially removed algal biomass. However, this method ignores growth of the alga Ulva prolifera and thus needs improvement. We build a model to predict algal growth in drifting from upstream and the potential muaximum biomass of green tide. The results suggest that the potential maximum biomass is significantly higher than those estimated merely from maximum algal coverage area, particularly for years with extended period of algal loading in the upstream. Our method improves the evaluation of the magnitude of green tide and provides a scientific basis for developing effective countermeasures to reduce the persistent disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yuan
- MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Xi'an 710129, China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shandong Marine Forecast and Hazard Mitigation Service, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Zongling Wang
- MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
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28
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Miao X, Xiao J, Fan S, Zang Y, Zhang X, Wang Z. Assessing Herbivorous Impacts of Apohale sp. on the Ulva prolifera Green Tide in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:795560. [PMID: 34975983 PMCID: PMC8715085 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.795560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An epiphytic gammarid species, Apohyale sp. , was abundant in the floating Ulva prolifera (U. prolifera), which forms large-scale green tides in the Yellow Sea (YSGT). Field observation and laboratory experiments were subsequently conducted to study the species identity, abundance, and grazing effects on the floating algal biomass. The abundance of Apohyale sp. showed great spatial variation and varied from 0.03 to 1.47 inds g-1 in the YSGT. In average, each gram of Apohyale sp. body mass can consume 0.43 and 0.60 g algal mass of U. prolifera per day, and the grazing rates varied among the algae cultured with different nutritional seawaters. It was estimated that grazing of Apohale sp. could efficiently reduce ~0.4 and 16.6% of the algal growth rates in Rudong and Qingdao, respectively. The U. prolifera fragments resulting from gnawing of Apohyale sp. had a higher growth rate and similar photosynthetic activities compared to the floating algae, indicating probably positive feedback on the floating algal biomass. This research corroborated the significant impact of Apohyale sp. on the floating algal mass of YSGT through the top-down control. However, further research is needed to understand the population dynamics of these primary predators and hence their correlation with the expansion or decline of YSGT, especially under the complex food webs in the southern Yellow Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Miao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Shiliang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Zang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Zongling Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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